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Prajapati, Anuj Kumar, Pushkar Verma, Satyansh Singh, and Monoj Kumar Mondal. "Adsorption-Desorption Surface Bindings, Kinetics, and Mass Transfer Behavior of Thermally and Chemically Treated Great Millet Husk towards Cr(VI) Removal from Synthetic Wastewater." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3956977.
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This study reports the efficacy of adsorbents synthesized by thermal (TT-GMH) and chemical (CT-GMH) modification of great millet husk (GMH) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing Cr(VI). The chemical modification of raw GMH was done by concentrated H2SO4 to increase the porosity and heterogeneity on the surface. The comparative investigations of physicochemical properties of synthesized adsorbents were examined by point of zero charge (pHpzc), BET surface area, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. The results revealed that CT-GMH had around three times higher surface area and more porous structure as compared to TT-GMH. The adsorption experiments were executed in batch mode to examine the impact of parameters governing the adsorption process. For Cr(VI) solution of 25 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 4 g/L, temperature of 25 ° C , and shaking speed of 150 RPM, the maximum removal for TT-GMH was attained at pH 1 and contact time 150 min, while for CT-GMH, maximum removal was attained at pH 2 and contact time 120 min. The experimental results fitted to the rate kinetic equations showed that for both TT-GMH and CT-GMH, adsorbents followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model during the adsorption process. Further, results revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and Sips isotherm model was followed for both TT-GMH and CT-GMH. Based on the Sips isotherm, maximum uptake capacity for TT-GMH and CT-GMH was noted to be 16 and 22.21 mg/g, respectively. Among the tested mass transfer models, liquid film diffusion model was followed during the adsorption process of both the adsorbents. The desorption study revealed that TT-GMH and CT-GMH give 69.45% and 74.48% removal, respectively, up to six cycles.
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Rajabzadeh, Vian, Erin Burn, Sana Z. Sajun, Mimi Suzuki, Victoria Jane Bird, and Stefan Priebe. "Understanding global mental health: a conceptual review." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 3 (March 2021): e004631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004631.
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BackgroundMental health disorders are viewed as a global concern requiring globally led approaches to address them. Since the publication of the 2007 Lancet series on global mental health (GMH), the term has become widespread. Over the last two decades, GMH has become increasingly affiliated with policy reform, academic courses, funding bodies and research. However, it is not always obvious how those working in the field of GMH are using the term, resulting in a lack of clarity. Therefore, work is needed to synthesise the current understanding(s) of GMH to help characterise its meaning.AimTo synthesise the literature and identify the different ways GMH is understood.MethodA conceptual review, using a systematic search and a content analysis, was conducted to develop a conceptual framework of the different conceptual understandings of GMH.ResultsWe developed a conceptual framework of four understandings of GMH. These understandings of GMH are as follows: an area of research generating findings to establish a GMH evidence-base; implementation of research into practice; improving the mental health environment; learning from and supporting low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionOur review proposes a simple framework, clarifying the key characteristics of the GMH landscape. The findings highlight the diversity of usage of the term in the literature, as well as present the wide scope that comprises the field of GMH. Referring to this framework may help those engaged with GMH to be more specific with which aspect of the field they are concerned with.
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Andersson, Erik Axel, Eridan Rocha-Ferreira, Henrik Hagberg, Carina Mallard, and Carl Joakim Ek. "Function and Biomarkers of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Neonatal Germinal Matrix Haemorrhage Model." Cells 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10071677.
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Germinal matrix haemorrhage (GMH), caused by rupturing blood vessels in the germinal matrix, is a prevalent driver of preterm brain injuries and death. Our group recently developed a model simulating GMH using intrastriatal injections of collagenase in 5-day-old rats, which corresponds to the brain development of human preterm infants. This study aimed to define changes to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to evaluate BBB proteins as biomarkers in this GMH model. Regional BBB functions were investigated using blood to brain 14C-sucrose uptake as well as using biotinylated BBB tracers. Blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluids were collected at various times after GMH and analysed with ELISA for OCLN and CLDN5. The immunoreactivity of BBB proteins was assessed in brain sections. Tracer experiments showed that GMH produced a defined region surrounding the hematoma where many vessels lost their integrity. This region expanded for at least 6 h following GMH, thereafter resolution of both hematoma and re-establishment of BBB function occurred. The sucrose experiment indicated that regions somewhat more distant to the hematoma also exhibited BBB dysfunction; however, BBB function was normalised within 5 days of GMH. This shows that GMH leads to a temporal dysfunction in the BBB that may be important in pathological processes as well as in connection to therapeutic interventions. We detected an increase of tight-junction proteins in both CSF and plasma after GMH making them potential biomarkers for GMH.
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Pereyra, Fernando, Jorge Ignacio Urioste, Diego Gimeno, Francisco Peñagaricano, Dorrel Bentancur, and Ana Espasandín. "Parámetros genéticos en la etapa de cría para el cruzamiento entre Hereford y Angus en campo natural." Agrociencia 19, no. 1 (June 2015): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.19.330.
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En un experimento dialélico entre las razas Hereford (H/H) y Aberdeen Angus (A/A) desarrollado entre los años 1994 y 2002 en la Estación Experimental Bernardo Rosengurtt de la Facultad de Agronomía-Udelar, Uruguay, se estimaron diferencias en efectos genéticos directos (gIA-gIH) y efectos genéticos maternos (gmA-gmH), efectos de heterosis individual (hIAH) y materna (hmAH) mediante modelos lineales para condición corporal al parto (CCP), peso al nacimiento (PN), y peso al destete (PD), y usando modelos lineales generalizados para porcentaje de destete (% D). En CCP los efectos raciales y la heterosis estimada no fueron significativas, en tanto para PN la diferencia en kg fue negativa, siendo superior H/H (-1,18±0,42 kg, P=0,0051). Para PD la diferencia entre efectos maternos (gmA – gmH) resultó positiva, con 4,87±1,01 kg (P=0,0001), y la heterosis individual fue de 5,12±1,24 kg (P=0,0001). Para el % D, la hIAH fue de 0,22± 0,03. La hmAH resultó significativa para PD (11,58±1,48 kg, P=0,0001). Al nacimiento los terneros H/H, A/H y H/A fueron más pesados que los A/A. En % D las madres cruza en promedio superan en 24,7 unidades (14,9 %) a las puras (85,0 vs 60,3). Al destete los terneros hijos de madres híbridas fueron significativamente más pesados (promedio 159,1 kg). Las madres Hereford destetaron los terneros significativamente más livianos (promedio 143,3 kg); mientras que los terneros hijos de madres Angus pesaron 151,6 kg.
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Si, Yuan, Xi Liu, Kaixiong Ye, Alessandro Bonfini, Xun Yang Hu, Nicolas Buchon, and Zhenglong Gu. "Glucomannan Hydrolysate Promotes Gut Proliferative Homeostasis and Extends Life Span in Drosophila melanogaster." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 1549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly189.
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Abstract Dietary supplementation of glucomannan has been shown to have multiple health benefits, but its effect on life span has not been investigated. Here, we show that glucomannan hydrolysate (GMH) treatment extends mean life span of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, we first examined the effect of GMH on the gut microbiota. We found that GMH treatment is associated with an elevated bacterial load in aged flies but overall has limited effects on the relative microbiota composition. We also demonstrated that GMH inhibits age-associated hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells and thus delays the deterioration of gut integrity. Further analysis of the midgut transcriptome revealed that both EGFR/MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways are suppressed in GMH groups. Multiple key regulators or effectors of EGFR/MAPK pathway, Ets21c, Mkp3, and Rho, are downregulated by GMH treatment. In the JAK/STAT pathway, major ligands (eg, Upd2 and Upd3) and negative feedback inhibitors (eg, Socs36e) are all significantly downregulated. Additionally, the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides is elevated by GMH treatment. Taken together, our study shows that dietary supplementation of GMH can prolong life span, possibly through regulating gut proliferative homeostasis.
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Tortora, Domenico, Mariasavina Severino, Mariya Malova, Alessandro Parodi, Giovanni Morana, Jan Sedlacik, Paul Govaert, Joseph J. Volpe, Andrea Rossi, and Luca Antonio Ramenghi. "Differences in subependymal vein anatomy may predispose preterm infants to GMH–IVH." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 103, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): F59—F65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-312710.
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Background and purposeThe anatomy of the deep venous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain lesions in the preterm brain as shown by different histological studies. The aims of this study were to compare the subependymal vein anatomy of preterm neonates with germinal matrix haemorrhage–intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH–IVH), as evaluated by susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) venography, with a group of age-matched controls with normal brain MRI, and to explore the relationship between the anatomical features of subependymal veins and clinical risk factors for GMH–IVH.MethodsSWI venographies of 48 neonates with GMH–IVH and 130 neonates with normal brain MRI were retrospectively evaluated. Subependymal vein anatomy was classified into six different patterns: type 1 represented the classic pattern and types 2–6 were considered anatomic variants. A quantitative analysis of the venous curvature index was performed. Variables were analysed by using Mann-Whitney U and χ2 tests, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between anatomical features, clinical factors and GMH–IVH.ResultsA significant difference was noticed among the six anatomical patterns according to the presence of GMH–IVH (χ2=14.242, p=0.014). Anatomic variants were observed with higher frequency in neonates with GMH–IVH than in controls (62.2% and 49.6%, respectively). Neonates with GMH–IVH presented a narrower curvature of the terminal portion of subependymal veins (p<0.05). These anatomical features were significantly associated with GMH–IVH (p<0.05).ConclusionPreterm neonates with GMH–IVH show higher variability of subependymal veins anatomy confirming a potential role as predisposing factor for GMH–IVH.
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Whitley, Rob. "Global Mental Health: concepts, conflicts and controversies." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 24, no. 4 (June 1, 2015): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000451.
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This paper introduces, describes and analyses the emerging concept of Global Mental Health (GMH). The birth of GMH can be traced to London, 2007, with the publication of a series of high-profile papers inThe Lancet. Since then, GMH has developed into a movement with proponents, adherents, opponents, an ideology and core activities. The stated aims of the Movement for GMH are ‘to improve services for people living with mental health problems and psychosocial disabilities worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries where effective services are often scarce’. GMH could be considered an attempt to right a historic wrong. During the colonial and post-colonial eras, the mental health of subject populations was accorded a very low priority. This was fuelled by scientific racism, which alleged that mental illness was uncommon in places such as Africa. As developing nations have made the epidemiological transition, the burden of mental illness has proportionately increased, with research suggesting a massive ‘treatment gap’ between those in need and those actually receiving formal mental health care. As such, much GMH research and action has been devoted to: (i) the identification and scale-up of cost-effective evidence-supported interventions that could be made more widely available; (ii) task-shifting of such intervention delivery to mental-health trained non-specialist Lay Health Workers. GMH has come under sustained critique. Critics suggest that GMH is colonial medicine come full circle, involving the top-down imposition of Western psychiatric models and solutions by Western-educated elites. These critiques suggest that GMH ignores the various indigenous modalities of healing present in non-Western cultures, which may be psychologically adaptive and curative. Relatedly, critics argue that GMH could be an unwitting Trojan horse for the mass medicalisation of people in developing countries, paving the way for exploitation by Big Pharma, while ignoring social determinants of health.
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Liu, Shengpeng, Jerry J. Flores, Bo Li, Shuixiang Deng, Gang Zuo, Jun Peng, Jiping Tang, and John H. Zhang. "IL-20R Activation via rIL-19 Enhances Hematoma Resolution through the IL-20R1/ERK/Nrf2 Pathway in an Experimental GMH Rat Pup Model." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5913424.
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Aims. Blood clots play the primary role in neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). Previous studies have shown a beneficial effect in blood clot clearance after hemorrhagic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate interleukin-19’s role in hematoma clearance after GMH and its underlying mechanism of IL-20R1/ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Methods. A total of 240 Sprague-Dawley P7 rat pups were used. GMH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase. rIL-19 was administered intranasally 1 hour post-GMH. IL-20R1 CRISPR was administered intracerebroventricularly, or Nrf2 antagonist ML385 was administered intraperitoneally 48 hours and 1 hour before GMH induction, respectively. Neurobehavior, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, histology, and hemoglobin assay were used to evaluate treatment regiments in the short- and long-term. Results. Endogenous IL-19, IL-20R1, IL-20R2, and scavenger receptor CD163 were increased after GMH. rIL-19 treatment improved neurological deficits, reduced hematoma volume and hemoglobin content, reduced ventriculomegaly, and attenuated cortical thickness loss. Additionally, treatment increased ERK, Nrf2, and CD163 expression, whereas IL-20R1 CRISPR-knockdown plasmid and ML385 inhibited the effects of rIL-19 on CD163 expression. Conclusion. rIL-19 treatment improved hematoma clearance and attenuated neurological deficits induced by GMH, which was mediated through the upregulation of the IL-20R1/ERK/Nrf2 pathways. rIL-19 treatment may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the GMH patient population.
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Dimitar, Ivanov, Asenova Dorina, and Hadjidekov George. "A Spectrum of MRI Findings in Germinal Matrix Hemorrhages: A Case Series." International journal of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatal Care 7 (September 28, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/2408-9761.2022.07.01.
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The germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound (US) and fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prenatal imaging is essential for GMH grading and subsequent prognosis and clinical management. MRI benefits from higher specificity and sensitivity for GMH diagnosis then ultrasound. Fetal MRI advantages include high-resolution imaging, better visualization of the brain parenchyma with susceptibility to identify hemorrhage or blood breakdown products and non-invasiveness of the study. This article aims to present a series of cases with fetal GMH.
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Langley, Emily A., Stephanie M. Blake, and Kristi L. Coe. "Recent Review of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage–Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants." Neonatal Network 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/11-t-722.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage–intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH–IVH) is a particular type of intracranial hemorrhage that affects the preterm population. GMH–IVH originates from bleeding within the highly vascular area near the center of the brain known as the germinal matrix. The pathogenesis of GMH–IVH is unclear; it is likely related to hemodynamic changes and fluctuations in cerebral blood flow within a fragile developing brain. Cranial ultrasound is the primary diagnostic test and reveals the degree of GMH–IVH based on a grading system. Management includes prevention of preterm delivery with meticulous antenatal and postnatal preventative strategies. This article discusses current evidence specific to the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, grading scales, and management approaches with GMH–IVH in preterm infants.
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Feng, Zhanhui, Lan Ye, Damon Klebe, Yan Ding, Zhen-Ni Guo, Jerry J. Flores, Cheng Yin, Jiping Tang, and John H. Zhang. "Anti-inflammation conferred by stimulation of CD200R1 via Dok1 pathway in rat microglia after germinal matrix hemorrhage." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 39, no. 1 (August 9, 2017): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17725211.
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CD200 has been reported to be neuroprotective in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential protective effects of CD200 in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) have not been investigated. We examined the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CD200 after GMH. A total of 167 seven-day-old rat pups were used. The time-dependent effect of GMH on the levels of CD200 and CD200 Receptor 1 (CD200R1) was evaluated by western blot. CD200R1 was localized by immunohistochemistry. The short-term (24 h) and long-term (28 days) outcomes were evaluated after CD200 fusion protein (CD200Fc) treatment by neurobehavioral assessment. CD200 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and downstream of tyrosine kinase 1 (Dok1) siRNA were injected intracerebroventricularly. Western blot was employed to study the mechanisms of CD200 and CD200R1. GMH induced significant developmental delay and caused impairment in both cognitive and motor functions in rat pups. CD200Fc ameliorated GMH-induced damage. CD200Fc increased expression of Dok1 and decreased IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels. CD200R1 siRNA and Dok1 siRNA abolished the beneficial effects of CD200Fc, as demonstrated by enhanced expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. CD200Fc inhibited GMH-induced inflammation and this effect may be mediated by CD200R1/Dok1 pathway. Thus, CD200Fc may serve as a potential treatment to ameliorate brain injury for GMH patients.
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Bemme, Dörte, and Laurence J. Kirmayer. "Global Mental Health: Interdisciplinary challenges for a field in motion." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 1 (February 2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519898035.
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In recent years, efforts in Global Mental Health (GMH) have evolved alongside critical engagement with the field's claims and interventions. GMH has shifted its agenda and epistemological underpinnings, increased its evidence base, and joined other global policy platforms such as the Sustainable Development Goals. This editorial introduction to a thematic issue traces the recent shifts in the GMH agenda and discusses the changing construct of “mental health” as GMH moves away from a categorical biomedical model toward dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches and embraces digital technologies. We highlight persistent and emerging lines of inquiry and advocate for meaningful interdisciplinary engagement. Taken together, the articles in this special issue of Transcultural Psychiatry provide a snapshot of current interdisciplinary work in GMH that considers the socio-cultural and historical dimensions of mental health important and proposes reflexive development of interventions and implementation strategies.
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Harris, Odette A., Carl A. Bruce, Marvin Reid, Randolph Cheeks, Kirk Easley, Monique C. Surles, Yi Pan, Donnahae Rhoden-Salmon, Dwight Webster, and Ivor Crandon. "Examination of the management of traumatic brain injury in the developing and developed world: focus on resource utilization, protocols, and practices that alter outcome." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 3 (September 2008): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/9/0433.
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Object We evaluated management and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a developed country (US) and a developing country (Jamaica). Methods Data were collected prospectively at Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH) in the US and at University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) and Kingston Public Hospital (KPH) in Jamaica between September 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004. Results Complete data were available for 1607 patients. Grady Memorial Hospital had a higher proportion of females (p = 0.003), and patients were older at GMH (p = 0.0009) compared with patients at KPH and UHWI. The most common mode of injury was a motor vehicle accident at KPH and GMH (42 and 66%, respectively) and assaults at UHWI (37%). Grady Memorial Hospital admitted more patients with severe head injuries (25.5%) than KPH (18.5%) and UHWI (14.4%). More CT scans were performed (p < 0.0001) and a higher proportion of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (p < 0.0001) at GMH. There were no statistically significant differences in median days in the intensive care unit among the 3 hospitals. Patients experienced statistically significant differences in days undergoing ventilation between GMH, KPH, and UHWI (p = 0.004). Intracranial pressure monitoring was performed in 1 patient at KPH, in 6 at UHWI, and in 91 at GMH. There were 174 total deaths, but no statistically significant differences in mortality rates between the 3 sites (p = 0.3). Hospital location and TBI severity were associated with a decreased risk of mortality; patients with severe TBI at GMH had a 53% decrease in the risk of mortality (odds ratio = 0.47, p = 0.04). Patients at GMH had lower mean Glasgow Outcome Scale scores (p < 0.0001) and lower Functional Independence Measure self-feed (p = 0.0003), locomotion (p = 0.04), and verbal scores (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Despite the availability of advanced technology and more aggressive neurological support at GMH, the overall mortality rate for TBI was similar at all locations. Patients identified with severe TBI had a significantly decreased risk of mortality if they were treated at GMH compared with those patients treated at hospitals in the developing world.
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Katiane Vieira Menezes Leite, Patrícia Oliveira de Souza, Jussania Fonseca da Paz, Ana Beatriz Franco Fernandes, Leonardo Fernandes da Cunha, and Gisele Maria Correr. "CVDentus bur for epithelial abrasion in the treatment of melanin pigmentation: case report." RSBO 14, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v14i3.664.
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The gingival melanin hyperpigmentation (GMH) is resulted from an abnormal deposition of melanin, but it is not a pathology. However, GMH is an esthetic problem for some people. Some alternatives of treatment for this situation exist. The epithelial abrasion has been an interesting alternative because it has a satisfactory esthetic outcome, is a fast procedure, of easy execution, and low cost. Recently, tips adapted in ultrasound (CVDentus) can be an alternative approach. Objective: To report a clinical case of GMH treated by the technique of the epithelial abrasion with association of instrument adapted in ultrasound. Case report: Patient aged 28 years, melanoderm, sought treatment due to esthetic dissatisfaction because of intense dark color in the maxillary gingiva. The GMH removal was proposed through the technique of the epithelial abrasion CVD bur. Conclusion: The technique of epithelial abrasion using CVD bur was effective in removing GMH at one-year follow-up showing to be easy and safe technique.
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Leite, Katiane Vieira Menezes, Patrícia Oliveira de Souza, Jussania Fonseca da Paz, Ana Beatriz Franco Fernandes, Leonardo Fernandes da Cunha, and Gisele Maria Correr. "CVDentus bur for epithelial abrasion in the treatment of melanin pigmentation: case report." RSBO 1, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v1i3.490.
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Introduction: The gingival melanin hyperpigmentation (GMH) is resulted from an abnormal deposition of melanin, but it is not a pathology. However, GMH is an esthetic problem for some people. Some alternatives of treatment for this situation exist. The epithelial abrasion has been an interesting alternative because it has a satisfactory esthetic outcome, is a fast procedure, of easy execution, and low cost. Recently, tips adapted in ultrasound (CVDentus) can bean alternative approach. Objective: To report a clinical case of GMH treated by the technique of the epithelial abrasion with association of instrument adapted in ultrasound. Case report: Patient aged 28 years, melanoderm, sought treatment due to esthetic dissatisfaction because of intense dark color in the maxillary gingiva. The GMH removal was proposed through the technique of the epithelialabrasion CVD bur. Conclusion: The technique of epithelial abrasion using CVD bur was effective in removing GMH at one-year follow-up showing to be easy and safe technique.
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Rizzaki, Adam Ramadhan, and Siti Inayatul Faizah. "A MODEL OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT BY THE GERAKAN MENULIS HARAPAN (GMH) IN THE CITY OF SURABAYA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 12 (June 8, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i12.2019.298.
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Dolly localization is the largest prostitution area in Southeast Asia, located in Putat Jaya, Sawahan District, Surabaya City. On June 18 2014 the official Dolly localization was closed. After Dolly's closure, the Gerakan Menulis Harapan (GMH) had an extraordinary role of importance to help former commercial sex workers and affected citizens restore the economy in a halal manner with an economic empowerment model. This article aims to analyze the economic empowerment model carried out by GMH on the Community in Putat Jaya Village, Surabaya City. The method used in this article is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The conclusion of this article is the empowerment of the creative economy through the Guidance program of GMH Surabaya in doing stakeholder synergy with various parties, namely the media, government and donors, as well as the people of Surabaya, especially members of the fostered GMH. To run the GMH coaching program, it receives financial assistance from donors where to carry out economic empowerment through various activities, namely assistance, training and marketing.
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Tester, R., F. Al-Ghazzewi, N. Shen, Z. Chen, F. Chen, J. Yang, D. Zhang, and M. Tang. "The use of konjac glucomannan hydrolysates to recover healthy microbiota in infected vaginas treated with an antifungal agent." Beneficial Microbes 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2011.0021.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate how konjac glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) could support the healthy re-colonisation of vaginal microflora post infections. A total of 26 female patients (12 controls and 14 treatments) aged 18 to 25 suffering from vaginal infection were recruited for this study. Patients were assigned randomly into two groups to receive a standard antifungal treatment or a standard antifungal treatment plus pessary capsules containing 200 mg GMH (twice a week for thirty days). Patients were assessed on day zero, sixteen and thirty of the trial. Several parameters were determined including yeast and bacterial counts, the KOH test, pH, Gram staining and wet mount microscopic observations. The results showed that the counts of Candida were diminished completely with antifungal treatment for both groups. However, the total bacterial counts increased with time in the GMH pessary group unlike the control. The normalised average KOH scores were reduced sharply with time in both groups although in the control group scores started to increase after sixteen days. The normalised average white blood cell scores also decreased with time for both groups. Epithelial cell scores decreased only for the GMH pessary group while clue cells and yeast-like fungi decreased with time for both control and GMH pessary groups. These results indicate the improvement of vaginal health recovery (post antifungal treatment for Candida infection) and especially the presence of healthy microflora due to the introduction of GMH in the vagina. The data indicate that it would be worth examining further the health benefits of GMH in a vaginal health format with a view to employing the material as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent. It provides an alternative approach to reducing vaginal infections and promoting consumer health.
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Cherepanov, Elena. "Ethical dilemmas in global mental health." BJPsych International 16, no. 04 (April 10, 2019): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2019.10.
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Global mental health (GMH) work reminds us about our professional ideals and mission. GMH specialists conduct research and provide psychosocial and mental health support to populations affected by humanitarian crises around the world. This work exposes these specialists to situations with a high degree of moral ambiguity and no good solutions, where humanitarian accountability takes priority over conflicting values. Self-awareness helps to address the countertransference that confounds complex decision-making and can compromise the health and safety of all involved. The evolving role of GMH as a humanitarian actor underscores the importance of professional competencies in assuring the integrity and standards of practice.
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Leviton, Alan, Karl C. Kuban, Linda Van Marter, Marcello Pagano, and Elizabeth N. Allred. "Antenatal Corticosteroids Appear to Reduce the Risk of Postnatal Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Intubated Low Birth Weight Newborns." Pediatrics 91, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.6.1083.
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Objective. To determine to what extent the reduced risk in preterm newborns of intracranial hemorrhage attributed to antenatal corticosteroids (ANCS) reflects reductions in the incidence of respiratory distress and its correlates. Methods. In a sample of 239 very low birth weight newborns recruited for a clinical trial of phenobarbital prophylaxis of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage, we explored the relationship between ANCS, the occurrence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) that first became evident after the 12th postnatal hour, and putative intervening variables such as acidosis, elevated peak inspiratory pressure, pneumothorax-pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and elevated continuous positive airway pressure. Results. In multivariate models adjusting for confounders, newborns exposed to ANCS were at approximately one third the risk of GMH experienced by newborns not exposed to a full course of ANCS. The additions of measures and correlates of respiratory distress severity to these models did not change the GMH risk associated with ANCS. Conclusion. The GMH-protective effect of ANCS does not appear to be a consequence of enhanced pulmonary maturation.
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Abdul Ghafar, Nur Farzana, Nur Shahidah Ab Aziz, Nurul Shuhada Mohd Makhtar, and Miradatul Najwa Mohd Rodhi. "The Effect of Natural Rubber and Plasticizer Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Tacca leontopetaloides Starch Based Polymer." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.127.
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The effect of natural rubber and glycerol addition on the mechanical performance of Tacca leontopetaloides biopolymer was investigated in this paper. The samples were formulated by varying blend ratios of latex natural rubber to glycerol; 40/30 (GM1), 50/5.85 (GM2), 60/30 (GM3), 40/10 (GM4) and 50/20 (GM5). The samples (GMs) were compounded by using two roll mill machine followed by vulcanization process with the presence of stearic acid and sulphur that act as curing agent. The sheet formed was cut into desired sizes, based on the analysis conducted. The mechanical performance of GMs was investigated by conducting tensile test, morphological structural analysis and water absorption test. The mechanical properties of GM2 showed a high tensile strength with low Young’s modulus compared to other GMs, thus indicating that GM2 was the superior combination of natural rubber to glycerol blend ratio. This, therefore, may be applied for the development of biopolymer with the properties of thermoplastic elastomer.
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de Bijl-Marcus, Karen, Annemieke Johanna Brouwer, Linda S. De Vries, Floris Groenendaal, and Gerda van Wezel-Meijler. "Neonatal care bundles are associated with a reduction in the incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants: a multicentre cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316692.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a nursing intervention bundle, applied during the first 72 hours of life, on the incidence of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) in very preterm infants.DesignMulticentre cohort study.SettingTwo Dutch tertiary neonatal intensive care units.PatientsThe intervention group consisted of 281 neonates, whereas 280 infants served as historical controls (gestational age for both groups <30 weeks).InterventionsAfter a training period, the nursing intervention bundle was implemented and applied during the first 72 hours after birth. The bundle consisted of maintaining the head in the midline, tilting the head of the incubator and avoidance of flushing/rapid withdrawal of blood and sudden elevation of the legs.Main outcome measuresThe incidence of GMH-IVH occurring and/or increasing after the first ultrasound (but within 72 hours), cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or in-hospital death was the primary composite outcome measure. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore differences between groups.ResultsThe nursing intervention bundle was associated with a lower risk of developing a GMH-IVH (any degree), cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or mortality (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.65). In the group receiving the bundle, also severe GMH-IVH, cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or death were less often observed (adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.91).ConclusionsThe application of a bundle of nursing interventions is associated with reduced risk of developing a new/progressive (severe) GMH-IVH, cystic periventricular leukomalacia and/or mortality in very preterm infants when applied during the first 72 hours postnatally.
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Zaidi, Mohammad, Jesse Rappaport, Cecilia Grace Ethun, Theresa Wicklin Gillespie, Natalyn Nicole Hawk, Saurabh Chawla, Kenneth Cardona, Shishir Maithel, and Maria C. Russell. "Identifying the barriers to cancer care at safety-net hospitals: A novel comparison of a safety-net hospital to a neighboring quaternary referral academic institution in the same health care system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.59.
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59 Background: The three-delays model for vulnerable and minority populations to receive care include delays in seeking, reaching, and receiving care. The dominant delay for vulnerable patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is not known. Our aim was to define those patients with GAC who reached care at our regional safety-net hospital compared to academic centers from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We also aimed to compare survival outcomes of patients who received curative-intent resection at our safety-net hospital to those in a nearby quaternary referral hospital. Methods: Grady-Memorial-Hospital (GMH), a safety-net hospital and Emory-University-Hospital (EUH), a quaternary referral hospital, are within the same healthcare-system. Clinicopathologic data of patients at presentation from NCDB-participating academic centers were compared with GMH from 2004-2014. Patients undergoing curative-intent resection of GAC at GMH were compared to those at EUH during a similar time period. Primary outcome for the latter was overall survival (OS). Results: At presentation, compared to NCDB-participating academic centers (n = 69,662), GMH patients (n = 154) were more likely to be black (85.1 vs 17.2%; p < 0.001), uninsured (30.5 vs 4.7%; p < 0.001), have stage IV disease (43.5 vs 30.1%; p = 0.017), and receive no treatment (40.3 vs 18.4%; p < 0.001). When only comparing those who underwent curative-intent resection at GMH (n = 23) to EUH (n = 137), median OS was similar between both groups (GMH: median not reached; EUH: 59.8mos; p = 0.785). Conclusions: Patients with gastric cancer who reached care at our safety-net hospital are more likely to be uninsured, have stage IV disease, and receive no treatment compared to academic centers. When they receive curative-intent resection, however, overall survival is similar. Efforts must be made to identify and overcome the barriers in seeking and reaching care for this vulnerable patient population, as it appears that outcomes are acceptable in those who receive care.
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Marques, Tiago Pires. "The Policy Gap. Global Mental Health in a Semi-Peripheral Country (Portugal, 1998-2016)." Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação 21, no. 63 (July 20, 2017): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-57622016.0861.
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This paper analyzes the impact of the hegemonic paradigm of global mental health (GMH) on Portugal. We specifically argue that GMH in Portugal has effected a change of priorities in health policies, favoring the prevention and treatment of common mental disorders to the detriment of the deinstitutionalizing process. Diffused through the media, this model has negative effects, such as the medicalization of social suffering, the reorganization of mental health policy areas according to utilitarian criteria, and the risk of greater invisibility of users with serious psychiatric diagnoses. However, the GMH approach, bringing to the frontline the impact of all social policies on mental health, represents a new opportunity to politically address social suffering. Characterized as a semi-peripheral country, Portugal may be representative of observable trends in similar countries.
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Ke, Xiao-Xue, Ting-Yu Wang, Xiao-Qiong Wu, Jiang-Ping Chen, Quan-Bao Zhao, and Yu-Ming Zheng. "Alleviation of Reverse Salt Leakage across Nanofiber Supported Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane via Heat-Curing in Hot Water." Membranes 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040237.
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Electrospun nanofiber with interconnected porous structure has been studied as a promising support layer of polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane. However, its rough surface with irregular pores is prone to the formation of a defective PA active layer after interfacial polymerization, which shows high reverse salt leakage in FO desalination. Heat-curing is beneficial for crosslinking and stabilization of the PA layer. In this work, a nanofiber-supported PA TFC membrane was conceived to be cured on a hot water surface with preserved phase interface for potential “defect repair”, which could be realized by supplementary interfacial polymerization of residual monomers during heat-curing. The resultant hot-water-curing FO membrane with a more uniform superhydrophilic and highly crosslinked PA layer exhibited much lower reverse salt flux (FO: 0.3 gMH, PRO: 0.8 gMH) than that of oven-curing FO membrane (FO: 2.3 gMH, PRO: 2.2 gMH) and achieved ∼4 times higher separation efficiency. It showed superior stability owing to mitigated reverse salt leakage and osmotic pressure loss, with its water flux decline lower than a quarter that of the oven-curing membrane. This study could provide new insight into the fine-tuning of nanofiber-supported TFC FO membrane for high-quality desalination via a proper selection of heat-curing methods.
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Alshareef, Mohammed, Khalil Mallah, Tyler Vasas, Ali Alawieh, Davis Borucki, Christine Couch, Jonathan Cutrone, Chelsea Shope, Ramin Eskandari, and Stephen Tomlinson. "A Role of Complement in the Pathogenic Sequelae of Mouse Neonatal Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23062943.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating disease of infancy that results in intraventricular hemorrhage, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), periventricular leukomalacia, and neurocognitive deficits. There are no curative treatments and limited surgical options. We developed and characterized a mouse model of GMH based on the injection of collagenase into the subventricular zone of post-natal pups and utilized the model to investigate the role of complement in PHH development. The site-targeted complement inhibitor CR2Crry, which binds deposited C3 complement activation products, localized specifically in the brain following its systemic administration after GMH. Compared to vehicle, CR2Crry treatment reduced PHH and lesion size, which was accompanied by decreased perilesional complement deposition, decreased astrocytosis and microgliosis, and the preservation of dendritic and neuronal density. Complement inhibition also improved survival and weight gain, and it improved motor performance and cognitive outcomes measured in adolescence. The progression to PHH, neuronal loss, and associated behavioral deficits was linked to the microglial phagocytosis of complement opsonized neurons, which was reversed with CR2Crry treatment. Thus, complement plays an important role in the pathological sequelae of GMH, and complement inhibition represents a novel therapeutic approach to reduce the disease progression of a condition for which there is currently no treatment outside of surgical intervention.
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Jain, Sumeet, and David M. R. Orr. "Ethnographic perspectives on global mental health." Transcultural Psychiatry 53, no. 6 (December 2016): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461516679322.
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The field of Global Mental Health (GMH) aims to influence mental health policy and practice worldwide, with a focus on human rights and access to care. There have been important achievements, but GMH has also been the focus of scholarly controversies arising from political, cultural, and pragmatic critiques. These debates have become increasingly polarized, giving rise to a need for more dialogue and experience-near research to inform theorizing. Ethnography has much to offer in this respect. This paper frames and introduces five articles in this issue of Transcultural Psychiatry that illustrate the role of ethnographic methods in understanding the effects and implications of the field of global mental health on mental health policy and practice. The papers include ethnographies from South Africa, India, and Tonga that show the potential for ethnographic evidence to inform GMH projects. These studies provide nuanced conceptualizations of GMH's varied manifestations across different settings, the diverse ways that GMH's achievements can be evaluated, and the connections that can be drawn between locally observed experiences and wider historical, political, and social phenomena. Ethnography can provide a basis for constructive dialogue between those engaged in developing and implementing GMH interventions and those critical of some of its approaches.
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Blee, Shannon M., Margie D. Dixon, Viraj A. Master, and Rebecca D. Pentz. "Dissemination of validated health literacy videos: A tailored approach." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18505-e18505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18505.
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e18505 Background: Previously, we showed that chemotherapy and precision medicine terminology are remarkably difficult for patients to understand. Therefore, we developed short, animated videos explaining key terminology and demonstrated that they significantly improved understanding. These videos, though effective and published, including freely downloadable, will only be helpful if appropriately disseminated. In the past, even after a video-based educational tool for prostate cancer was proven effective for improving patient comprehension, no dissemination plan was implemented due to copyright issues. Therefore, in order to propel these validated health literacy videos from the academic community into clinic workflow, we aimed to determine the best dissemination method at two different hospitals with disparate populations just six miles apart: an underserved, inner-city hospital and a higher SES hospital. Methods: The dissemination interview was developed in collaboration with an expert Intervention Development, Dissemination, and Implementation team. The draft was cognitively tested with physicians and staff who were not oncologists and finalized. With consent, interviews were conducted with both Winship Cancer Institute and Grady Memorial Hospital providers (GMH). All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed using a semantic content analysis method. Results: Eleven providers at GMH and 22 providers at Winship were interviewed, reaching saturation of themes. 72% (n = 8) of the GMH providers felt that the best place for patients to view the videos was in the clinic, compared to 27% (n = 6) of the Winship providers. 68% (n = 15) of the Winship providers stated an app would be the most useful format, compared to 27% (n = 3) at GMH. All agreed that it would be useful for the patient’s family or caregiver to view the videos (GMH = 100%, Winship = 72%), that translation of the videos to Spanish would be beneficial (GMH = 90%, Winship = 63%), and that a nurse would be best to introduce the videos (GMH = 81%, Winship = 68%). Conclusions: Educational materials explaining complicated oncology treatment terminology enhance patient-centered care, yet without proper dissemination these crucial educational tools may never reach the intended patient population. The hospitals examined in this study served significantly different patient populations and the dissemination recommendations were quite different. Providers believed that the underserved patients needed the videos accessible in the clinic whereas providers serving higher SES patients thought that a web-based app, requiring a smart device or internet access, was more appropriate. Our study shows that it is crucial to ensure that educational materials are accessible to all populations, not just those with more means. Without a location-specific dissemination plan, educational tools may only further exacerbate disparities, rather than alleviate them.
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Ashaie, Sameer A., and Leora R. Cherney. "Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of Self-Report and By-Proxy Measures of Depression in Persons With Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 2047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00621.
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Purpose Depression assessment is challenging in persons with aphasia given their language impairment. Studies have used both self-report scales and by-proxy measures of depression in persons with aphasia. However, the validity of these measures has been called into question. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into aspects of validity of the community version of the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire (SADQ-10) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale–Revised (CESD-R). Method Twenty-four participants with chronic aphasia completed the CESD-R, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Mental Health scale (PROMIS GMH), and the Dynamic Visual Assessment of Mood Scales (D-VAMS) while their caregivers completed the SADQ-10. Internal consistency of the CESD-R and the SADQ-10 and the convergent validity of the CESD-R, SADQ-10, PROMIS GMH, and D-VAMS were examined. Results The SADQ-10 and the CESD-R were internally consistent. The CESD-R was moderately correlated with the SADQ-10, PROMIS GMH, and D-VAMS. However, the SADQ-10 was not correlated with the PROMIS GMH and D-VAMS. Conclusions We suggest both the CESD-R and the SADQ-10 be used together to screen for depression in persons with aphasia. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be conducted to establish validity of other depression screening instruments in person with aphasia.
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Okazaki, Mihoko, Toru Fukuhara, and Yoichiro Namba. "Delayed germinal matrix hemorrhage induced by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for congenital hydrocephalus." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 12, no. 1 (July 2013): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.4.peds12599.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhages (GMHs) are typically seen in preterm neonates during the first 4 days of life. The authors encountered 2 children with late-onset GMH subsequent to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion for congenital hydrocephalus. Both children were delivered at full term with normal body weight, although they were compromised with the preceding hypoxic events prior to shunt insertion. The first case involved a female infant with severe craniofacial deformities. Because of aspiration pneumonia related to the comorbid upper airway stenosis, endotracheal intubation with intermittent mechanical ventilation was necessary. The associated congenital hydrocephalus was treated with VP shunt insertion when she was 35 days of age, and GMH was confirmed 1 week after shunt placement. During a period of conservative observation, the hemorrhage resolved without any neurological deterioration. The second case involved a male infant with a large intraparenchymal cyst on the left parietal portion. He was intubated for pneumonia at 1 month of age. He had associated congenital hydrocephalus that was progressive, and he was treated with VP shunting at 69 days of age, after his pneumonia had resolved. Postoperative GMH was confirmed, although hydrocephalus was well controlled by VP shunt insertion. Observed conservatively, he fared well and the GMH resolved. These 2 cases had unique features in common; both had congenital anomalies in the CNS and respiratory problems before shunting. The hypoxic insults on the residual germinal matrix layer and sudden decrease in CSF pressure may relate to the occurrence of these late-onset GMHs.
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Purwanti, Anik Sri, Sumarno Sumarno, Bambang Rahardjo, Sri Winasih, and Sri Poeranto. "Kombinasi Glucomannan Hydrolysates (Gmh) Dan Antibiotik Metronidazole Berpengaruh Terhadap Kadar Sitokin Il-23 Pada Bacterial Vaginosis Wanita Usia Subur." Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jc.v7i1.1105.
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Woman’s reproductive tract often has problems, especially in women of childbearing age. One of them is Bacterial Vaginosis is a clinical condition that occurs a lot. BV infection is a polymicrobial infection caused by a decrease in the amount of Lactobaclilus with anaerobic bacteria that increases excessively. Alternative treatment for BV is given by using the results hydrolysates of konjac plant extracted in dosage forms Glucomannan Hydrolysates (GMH) containing glucose and mannose prebiotic which can support the growth development of Lactobacillus in the vaginal mucosa. This study was to determine the effect of Glucomannan Hydrolisates (GMH) + Metronidazole on levels of IL 23 cytokines in BV of reproductive age women. The method of this study used the True Experimental design with the type of research The randomized pretest-posttest was in vivo. The subjects selected in this study design used Randomized techniques. A sample of 7 people WUS with BV given GMH 300mg + Metronidazole 1000 mg for 9 days of use, To assess the levels of cytokine IL 23 using the ELISA method. Data analysis using a ratio scale was analyzed using the metric statistical test, normality test using Shapiro-Wilk test and comparative test using Repeated Measure ANOVA. The overall results of the analysis showed that the combination of GMH and Antibiotics Metronidazole could significantly increase the levels of cytokine IL 23 compared to other therapies to treat bacterial vaginosis in women of childbearing age
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Galvin, Michael. "Effective Treatment Interventions for Global Mental Health: An Analysis of Biomedical and Psychosocial Approaches in Use Today." Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, no. 3 (June 12, 2020): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/076.
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We are in an important moment for mental health treatment around the world, as many Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) – representing an increasing majority of the world’s population – are currently developing and scaling up services for the first time. Yet, research on Global Mental Health (GMH) best practices remains scattered and difficult to synthesize. This review aims to simplify existing GMH research on effective biomedical and psychosocial treatment approaches from both high-income countries and LMICs to enable a more comprehensive understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of existing interventions, based on the highest quality, up-to-date research. By understanding which treatments are most effective and why, we can begin to not only implement more effective practices, but guide the future of GMH research in the right directions. The purpose of this review is therefore to understand mental illness, what it is, how it was treated in the past, how it manifests differently around the globe, and how to best treat it. Ultimately, while psychosocial approaches are advised for patients with more mild to moderate disorders, medications and other biomedical approaches are recommended increasingly only for more severe cases. While significant evidence exists to justify the use of psychotropic medications for mental illness, their adverse effects indicate that psychosocial approaches should be prioritized as first line treatments, particularly for mild to moderate disorders. As one of the first to analyze this research, this review is useful not only for GMH scholars, but for practitioners and public health workers globally, as well.
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Puzia, Megan E., Jennifer Huberty, Ryan Eckert, Linda Larkey, and Ruben Mesa. "Associations Between Global Mental Health and Response to an App-Based Meditation Intervention in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Patients." Integrative Cancer Therapies 19 (January 2020): 153473542092778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735420927780.
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Background: Depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance are common problems that greatly affect quality of life for many myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. App-based mindfulness meditation is a feasible nonpharmacologic approach for managing symptoms. However, previous research has not considered how patients’ overall mental health may influence their responsiveness to these interventions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory, secondary analysis of the effects of a smartphone meditation app, Calm, on depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in MPN patients based on patients’ baseline levels of Global Mental Health (GMH). Methods: Participants (N = 80) were a subset of MPN patients from a larger feasibility study. Patients were enrolled into an intervention (use Calm for 10 minutes daily for 4 weeks) or educational control group. Results: In multilevel models, there were significant 3-way interactions between time, group, and baseline GMH for depression and anxiety symptoms, with participants in the meditation intervention who reported the poorest baseline GMH experiencing the greatest reduction in symptoms over time. For both intervention and control participants, poorer initial GMH was associated with increases in sleep disturbance symptoms over time. Conclusions: Mindfulness meditation apps, such as Calm, may be effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in MPN patients, particularly for those experiencing mental health difficulties. Given the need for accessible tools to self-manage chronic cancer–related symptoms, especially strong negative emotions, these findings warrant larger efficacy studies to determine the effects of app-based meditation for alleviating depression and anxiety in cancer populations.
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Blayney, Douglas W., Amee Azad, Melih Yilmaz, Selen Bozkurt, James D. Brooks, and Tina Hernandez-Boussard. "Four distinct patient-reported outcome (PRO) trajectories in longitudinal responses collected before, during, and after chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.2012.
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2012 Background: Cancer chemotherapy, whether given with curative or palliative intent, is toxic. Toxicity is routinely captured in clinical trials by investigator observation and increasingly by PRO. The ability to capture PRO in the routine treatment workflow has been standard at Stanford since 2015 (Roy et al ASCO 2020). Analysis of longitudinally captured, real world PRO and prospectively identifying patients (pts) whose quality of life (QOL) is at risk of deteriorating either permanently or temporarily is needed. Routine serial PRO measurement should enhance precision care delivery, precision toxicity detection and management. Methods: We identified patients undergoing chemotherapy at Stanford and analyzed PROMIS (PRO Measurement Information System) responses. Pts with PROMIS survey information at three intervals—pre-treatment, during chemotherapy and post chemotherapy—were identified. We evaluated global physical health (GPH) and global mental health (GMH). Pts with a clinically significant decrease (CSD) in GPH or GMH scores were identified. A k-median cluster analysis was used to identify patient trajectory clusters and a machine-learning model was applied to identify risk factors for CSD and predict CSD. Results: We identified 670 adult oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy who completed at least one PROMIS survey in each interval. GPH scores were 48.4 ± 9.1 before, 47.1 ± 8.5 during, and 48.5 ± 8.9 after chemotherapy and GMH scores were 50.5 ± 8.2, 49.1 ± 8.5, and 50.7 ± 9.0, respectively. The majority of patients did not have a CSD in GPH or GMH post treatment compared to pretreatment scores. Pretreatment scores were the strongest predictor of a CSD in GPH and GMH. Trajectory clustering identified four distinct trajectories: Temporary Improver, Temporary Deteriorator, Improver, Inexorable Deteriorators. We were not able to predict any cluster based on pre-treatment features. Conclusions: Using routinely collected PROMIS surveys in a real-world setting, we are able to predict patients with post-treatment decreases in their physical and mental well-being. We further defined four novel patient trajectories during chemotherapy, which could guide personalized supportive interventions to improve patient’s chemotherapy experience. Identification of patients at risk for deterioration and the patterns of deterioration could help guide efficient deployment of toxicity mitigating and supportive care interventions to patients most in need.
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Susilorini, Rr M. I. Retno, Iskhaq Iskandar, and Budi Santosa. "Long-Term Durability of Bio-Polymer Modified Concrete in Tidal Flooding Prone Area: A Challenge of Sustainable Concrete Materials." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031565.
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The need for durable concrete in marine environments such as areas prone to tidal flooding is important due to its ability to deteriorate the structures. This led to the design of a durable and strong Polymer-Modified Concrete (PMC) using natural or bio-polymer modified concrete. However, the use of biopolymer-modified concrete is very limited. Therefore, this research developed a bio-polymer modified concrete using Gracilaria sp., Moringa oleifera, and honey (GMH) for column retrofitting. The research aimed to retrofit and improve the compressive strength and durability of broken columns submerged by tidal flooding by applying bio-polymer modified concrete with GMH. A field application of column retrofitting was conducted in areas prone to tidal flooding. The retrofitted columns performance was observed for 14 months and validated by non-destructive and destructive tests. The result showed that the compressive strength of the retrofitted column achieved 32.37 MPa, which is a 92.34% increase compared to the baseline. This research provides answers to the challenge of concrete materials sustainability by promoting bio-polymer modified concrete that significantly increased its performance and long-term durability using GMH.
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Budi, Novi, Noorhamdani Noorhamdani, and Sri Poeranto. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIK, GLUCOMANNAN HYDROLYSATES (GMH) DAN BALANCE ACTIVE TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL Th2 PADA BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS WANITA USIA SUBUR." Jurnal Kesehatan dr. Soebandi 8, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36858/jkds.v8i1.160.
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Bakterial Vaginosis dinyatakan sebagai infeksi polimikrobial yang disebabkan oleh penurunan jumlah Lactobacillus dan diikuti oleh peningkatan bakteri anaerob yang berlebihan. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan kesembuhan bacterial vaginosis sebesar 71-89% atau lebih pada wanita dalam jangka waktu 1 bulan sesudah terapi dengan antibiotik. Tetapi dengan adanya resistensi terhadap antibiotik maka beberapa peneliti menggunakan prebiotik sebagai salah satu penanganan pada kejadian bacterial vaginosis. Glucomannan Hydrolysates (GMH) yang diesktrak (sebagai polisakarida) dari tanaman Konjac yang banyak digunakan di Asia sebagai sumber pangan, material prebiotik ini telah diuji baik in vitro dan in vivo dan berhasil yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan lactobacilli atau bifidobacteria dan berkurangnya pathogen. Selain GMH juga digunakan Balance Active sebagai pengatur pH.
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Gilard, Vianney, Abdellah Tebani, Soumeya Bekri, and Stéphane Marret. "Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Very Preterm Infants: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082447.
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Germinal matrix-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage (GMH-IVH-IPH) is a major complication of very preterm births before 32 weeks of gestation (WG). Despite progress in clinical management, its incidence remains high before 27 WG. In addition, severe complications may occur such as post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and/or periventricular intraparenchymal hemorrhage. IVH is strongly associated with subsequent neurodevelopmental disabilities. For this review, an automated literature search and a clustering approach were applied to allow efficient filtering as well as topic clusters identification. We used a programmatic literature search for research articles related to intraventricular hemorrhage in preterms that were published between January 1990 and February 2020. Two queries ((Intraventricular hemorrhage) AND (preterm)) were used in PubMed. This search resulted in 1093 articles. The data manual curation left 368 documents that formed 12 clusters. The presentation and discussion of the clusters provide a comprehensive overview of existing data on the pathogenesis, complications, neuroprotection and biomarkers of GMH-IVH-IPH in very preterm infants. Clinicians should consider that the GMH-IVH-IPH pathogenesis is mainly due to developmental immaturity of the germinal matrix and cerebral autoregulation impairment. New multiomics investigations of intraventricular hemorrhage could foster the development of predictive biomarkers for the benefit of very preterm newborns.
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Shaik*, Ilahi, P. Janakiram, Sujatha L., and Sushma Chandra. "Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 12 (December 2, 2016): 5179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.0012.
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Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.
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Wenceslau, Leandro David, and Francisco Ortega. "Saúde mental na atenção primária e Saúde Mental Global: perspectivas internacionais e cenário brasileiro." Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação 19, no. 55 (December 2015): 1121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-57622014.1152.
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Este artigo apresenta uma análise teórica sobre a integração da saúde mental na atenção primária sob a perspectiva dos objetivos e estratégias da Saúde Mental Global (Global Mental Health - GMH). Esta tarefa é dividida em duas partes. A primeira parte é dedicada a estudos internacionais de revisão sobre o tema, e a segunda trata de publicações normativas e científicas brasileiras que tocam a questão. Os estudos internacionais ratificam a integração da saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde como estratégia fundamental para o alcance dos objetivos do GMH. No cenário brasileiro, o tema é relevante para as políticas e pesquisas em saúde mental, porém, os objetivos desta integração e suas formas de operacionalização demandam melhor definição. Nas conclusões, apontamos obstáculos para que a APS possa ocupar um papel estratégico para as ações de saúde mental no Sistema Único de Saúde.
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Wilstermann, Michael, Leonid O. Kononov, Ulf Nilsson, Asim K. Ray, and Goeran Magnusson. "Synthesis of Ganglioside Lactams Corresponding to GM1-, GM2-, GM3-, and GM4-Ganglioside Lactones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 17 (May 1995): 4742–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00122a002.
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Lione, Roberta, Francesca Gazzani, Sofia Moretti, Carlotta Danesi, Elisabetta Cretella Lombardo, and Chiara Pavoni. "Gingival Margins’ Modifications during Orthodontic Treatment with Invisalign First®: A Preliminary Study." Children 9, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101423.
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The aim of the study was to assess modifications of gingival morphology at the end of Phase I treatment with Invisalign First. Eighteen subjects (ten females, eight males, mean age nine years) treated with Invisalign First were selected. The following parameters were measured on intraoral photographs before treatment (T0) and after the first set of aligners (T1) at level of permanent incisors, deciduous canines and molars: gingival margin height (GMH) and deciduous canine inclination (DCI). A paired t-test was used to evaluate T1-T0 changes. The level of significance was established at 5%. Deciduous canines’ GMH showed a major reduction between T1 and T0 accounting for 0.87 mm and 0.86 mm, respectively on the right and left sides. DCI increased for all patients in the interval T0–T1 on both sides, +7.11° on the right and +7.5° on the left. Tooth movement during Invisalign First induced significant modifications of gingival contour resulting in a more harmonious smile.
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Roy, Mohana, Sarah Rosenthal, Manan P. Shah, Ali Raza Khaki, Selen Bozkurt, Tina Seto, Douglas W. Blayney, Tina Hernandez-Boussard, and Kavitha Ramchandran. "Association of treatment type with patient-reported quality of life in cancer distress screening." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.178.
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178 Background: Routine distress screening is recommended for all patients with cancer. In 2015, Stanford Cancer Center implemented such screening using a modified PROMIS-GH questionnaire. With the recent growth of oncology drugs, novel medications have been perceived as better tolerated than chemotherapy. We analyzed patient reported quality of life with global mental health (GMH) and global physical health (GPH) scores for different medication classes. Methods: Patients who completed a questionnaire at our center between 6/1/2015 and 12/31/2020 were included. Medications were classified as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, or immunotherapy using guidance from SEER.Rx ontology. Baseline (B) and treatment (Tx) questionnaires were completed before any treatment initiation of each medication type and within 3 months of each treatment, respectively. GPH and GMH scores were calculated using PROMIS T-scores stratified by medication type for B and Tx questionnaires. We analyzed for differences based on demographics and diagnoses. Clinically significant differences were defined as a 3-point difference in T-scores, which then prompted statistical comparison with t-tests to compare the B and Tx scores to each other and to the US population mean of 50. Results: We analyzed 28,180 questionnaires from 11,644 patients (59% women, median age 64; 23% stage I and II, 12% stage III, 23% stage IV, 51% missing). B and Tx mean GMH scores did not differ clinically compared to the US mean or to each other (baseline: 49.03 +/- 9.16, post: 48.5 +/- 9.1). However, both mean GPH scores were statistically and clinically lower (baseline: 44.2+/- 10.38, post: 42.4 +/- 10.1,) compared to the US mean (p < 0.001). Changes in scores by treatment category are shown in the table below. There was a statistically significant difference in post-treatment GPH scores for chemo-immunotherapy patients when compared to both corresponding baseline scores (p < 0.001) and post treatment chemotherapy alone scores (p < 0.001). There was no clinically significant difference in scores when stratified by age, sex, primary language, insurance, disease stage or type. Conclusions: In this large retrospective study, we found that patients being treated for cancer did not report worse GMH scores compared to the US mean population, but do report lower GPH scores. While most scores varied little relative to other treatment types, those receiving chemo-immunotherapy had lower GPH scores when comparing baseline to treatment and to the US mean, warranting further investigation, given increasing use.[Table: see text]
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Bilolikar, Dr Manisha. "Study of complications during DPL surgeries in GMH Koti Hospital." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 4, no. 7 (July 2016): 2674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/sjams.2016.4.7.77.
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Saraceno, B. "Rethinking global mental health and its priorities." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 29 (October 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204579601900060x.
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Abstract Global mental health (GMH) seems to enjoy increasing visibility in the global health and development discourse. However, this visibility implies also the urgency of addressing few questions about new priority setting in the domains of policy, care delivery, service organisation and research. Even before trying to answer these questions, rethinking more deeply the notion and implications of GMH seems to be a useful collective exercise. Some unanswered questions should be at the core of this exercise: Is GMH really global or rather Western? Is GMH concerned enough with local context? Is GMH too unbalanced towards a biomedical model? What are the consequences of the predominant emphasis given by GMH on common mental disorders and primary care level on people with severe mental disabilities? GMH is not global but rather it is hegemonised by western institutions. It would be useful to have an independent and very inclusive think tank which should promote a global debate on these issues and offer an unbiased support to WHO.
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Song, Juan, Gisela Nilsson, Yiran Xu, Aura Zelco, Eridan Rocha-Ferreira, Yafeng Wang, Xiaoli Zhang, et al. "Temporal brain transcriptome analysis reveals key pathological events after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, May 1, 2022, 0271678X2210988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x221098811.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a common complication in preterm infants and is associated with high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We used a rat GMH model and performed RNA sequencing to investigate the signaling pathways and biological processes following hemorrhage. GMH induced brain injury characterized by early hematoma and subsequent tissue loss. At 6 hours after GMH, gene expression indicated an increase in mitochondrial activity such as ATP metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation along with upregulation of cytoprotective pathways and heme metabolism. At 24 hours after GMH, the expression pattern suggested an increase in cell cycle progression and downregulation of neurodevelopmental-related pathways. At 72 hours after GMH, there was an increase in genes related to inflammation and an upregulation of ferroptosis. Hemoglobin components and genes related to heme metabolism and ferroptosis such as Hmox1, Alox15, and Alas2 were among the most upregulated genes. We observed dysregulation of processes involved in development, mitochondrial function, cholesterol biosynthesis, and inflammation, all of which contribute to neurodevelopmental deterioration following GMH. This study is the first temporal transcriptome profile providing a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying brain injury following GMH, and it provides useful guidance in the search for therapeutic interventions.
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Dehvari, Abdollah, Mahmoud Imani, Ebrahim Abdollahi, and Reza Behmadi. "Risk Factors for Germinal Matrix Haemorrhage-Intraventricular Haemorrhage in Very Low Birth Weight Infants." ACTA MEDICA IRANICA, August 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/acta.v59i7.7021.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) mainly occurs in preterm neonates and is an important cause of brain injury in them. In this retrospective cross-sectional study from march 2017 to march 2018 in our teaching hospitals, we investigated 250 newborns who were admitted to NICU with a birth weight under 1500 grams with ultrasonographic study for presence and grade of GMH-IVH in their first week of life. Risk factors for GMH-IVH were collected from their records and results been analyzed with SPSS software. From 250 neonates who had inclusion criteria of the study, 22 cases had GMH-IVH in ultrasonographic evaluation. 37.6% of all cases and 31.8% of newborns with GMH-IVH had a 5-minute APGAR score of less than six. 91 cases (39.9%) of the control group and 15 cases (68.1%) of the GMH-IVH group need resuscitation at birth. Of 250 cases 54 (21.6%) died, that 14 cases (63.6%) had GMH-IVH. Our study shows significant differences for birth weight, 5 minute APGAR score, and the need for resuscitation at birth as risk factors for the development of GMH-IVH in very low birth weight neonates, but we do not find a significant difference group in terms of gestational age, gender, route of delivery, fetal presentation, maternal parity, CBC parameters, sepsis, RDS, endotracheal tube suctioning and multiple pregnancies for them. In our study, the protective value for antenatal steroid therapy depends on the completion of the course of treatment for mothers.
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Xu, Ningbo, Xifeng Li, Jun Weng, Chunhua Wei, Zhenyan He, Desislava Met Doycheva, Cameron Lenahan, et al. "Adiponectin Ameliorates GMH-Induced Brain Injury by Regulating Microglia M1/M2 Polarization Via AdipoR1/APPL1/AMPK/PPARγ Signaling Pathway in Neonatal Rats." Frontiers in Immunology 13 (June 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.873382.
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Adiponectin (APN), a fat-derived plasma hormone, is a classic anti-inflammatory agent. Multiple studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of APN in acute brain injury, but the effect of APN in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is unclear, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. In the current study, we used a GMH rat model with rh-APN treatment, and we observed that APN demonstrated a protective effect on neurological function and an inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation after GMH. To further explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects, we found that the expression of Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) primarily colocalized with microglia and neurons in the brain. Moreover, AdiopR1, but not AdipoR2, was largely increased in GMH rats. Meanwhile, further investigation showed that APN treatment promoted AdipoR1/APPL1-mediated AMPK phosphorylation, further increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression, and induced microglial M2 polarization to reduce the neuroinflammation and enhance hematoma resolution in GMH rats. Importantly, either knockdown of AdipoR1, APPL1, or LKB1, or specific inhibition of AMPK/PPARγ signaling in microglia abrogated the protective effect of APN after GMH in rats. In all, we propose that APN works as a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorate the inflammatory response following GMH by enhancing the M2 polarization of microglia via AdipoR1/APPL1/AMPK/PPARγ signaling pathway, ultimately attenuating inflammatory brain injury induced by hemorrhage.
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Zhang, Xiaoli, Jing Yuan, Shan Zhang, Wendong Li, Yiran Xu, Hongwei Li, Lingling Zhang, et al. "Germinal matrix hemorrhage induces immune responses, brain injury, and motor impairment in neonatal rats." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, December 22, 2022, 0271678X2211470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x221147091.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a major complication of prematurity that causes secondary brain injury and is associated with long-term neurological disabilities. This study used a postnatal day 5 rat model of GMH to explore immune response, brain injury, and neurobehavioral changes after hemorrhagic injury. The results showed that CD45high/CD11b+ immune cells increased in the brain after GMH and were accompanied by increased macrophage-related chemokine/cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Hematoma formed as early as 2 h after injection of collagenase VII and white matter injury appeared not only in the external capsule and hippocampus, but also in the thalamus. In addition, GMH caused abnormal motor function as revealed by gait analysis, and locomotor hyperactivity in the elevated plus maze, though no other obvious anxiety or recognition/memory function changes were noted when examined by the open field test and novel object recognition test. The animal model used here partially reproduces the GMH-induced brain injury and motor dysfunction seen in human neonates and therefore can be used as a valid tool in experimental studies for the development of effective therapeutic strategies for GMH-induced brain injury.
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Xiao, Jie, Tao Cai, Yuanjian Fang, Rui Liu, Jerry J. Flores, Wenna Wang, Ling Gao, et al. "Activation of GPR40 attenuates neuroinflammation and improves neurological function via PAK4/CREB/KDM6B pathway in an experimental GMH rat model." Journal of Neuroinflammation 18, no. 1 (July 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02209-9.
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Abstract Background Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is defined by the rupture of immature blood vessels in the germinal matrix, where subsequent hemorrhage enters the subependymal zone and the cerebral lateral ventricles. The consequent blood clot has been identified as the causative factor of secondary brain injury, which triggers a series of complex parallel and sequential harmful mechanisms, including neuroinflammation. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a free fatty acid (FFA) receptor 1, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects when activated and improved outcomes in animal models of stroke. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GPR40 and its underlying mechanisms after GMH. Methods GMH model was induced in 7-day-old rat pups by an intraparenchymal injection of bacterial collagenase. GPR40 agonist, GW9508, was administered intranasally 1 h, 25 h, and 49 h after GMH induction. CRISPR targeting GPR40, PAK4, and KDM6B were administered through intracerebroventricular injection 48 h before GMH induction. Neurologic scores, microglia polarization, and brain morphology were evaluated by negative geotaxis, right reflex, rotarod test, foot fault test, Morris water maze, immunofluorescence staining, Western blots, and nissl staining respectfully. Results The results demonstrated that GW9508 improved neurological and morphological outcomes after GMH in the short (24 h, 48 h, 72h) and long-term (days 21–27). However, the neuroprotective effects of treatment were abolished by GW1100, a selective GPR40 antagonist. GW9508 treatment increased populations of M2 microglia and decreased M1 microglia in periventricular areas 24 h after GMH induction. GW9508 upregulated the phosphorylation of PAK4, CREB, and protein level of KDM6B, CD206, IL-10, which was also met with the downregulation of inflammatory markers IL-1β and TNF-α. The mechanism study demonstrated that the knockdown of GPR40, PAK4, and KDM6B reversed the neuroprotective effects brought on by GW9508. This evidence suggests that GPR40/PAK4/CREB/KDM6B signaling pathway in microglia plays a role in the attenuation of neuroinflammation after GMH. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the activation of GPR40 attenuated GMH-induced neuroinflammation through the activation of the PAK4/CREB/KDM6B signaling pathway, and M2 microglia may be a major mediator of this effect. Thus, GPR40 may serve as a potential target in the reduction of the inflammatory response following GMH, thereby improving neurological outcomes in the short- and long-term.
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Jinnai, Masako, Gabriella Koning, Gagandeep Singh-Mallah, Andrea Jonsdotter, Anna-Lena Leverin, Pernilla Svedin, Syam Nair, et al. "A Model of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Preterm Rat Pups." Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14 (December 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.535320.
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Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a serious complication in extremely preterm infants associated with neurological deficits and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to develop and characterize a grade III and IV GMH model in postnatal day 5 (P5) rats, the equivalent of preterm human brain maturation. P5 Wistar rats were exposed to unilateral GMH through intracranial injection into the striatum close to the germinal matrix with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 U of collagenase VII. During 10 days following GMH induction, motor functions and body weight were assessed and brain tissue collected at P16. Animals were tested for anxiety, motor coordination and motor asymmetry on P22–26 and P36–40. Using immunohistochemical staining and neuropathological scoring we found that a collagenase dose of 0.3 U induced GMH. Neuropathological assessment revealed that the brain injury in the collagenase group was characterized by dilation of the ipsilateral ventricle combined with mild to severe cellular necrosis as well as mild to moderate atrophy at the levels of striatum and subcortical white matter, and to a lesser extent, hippocampus and cortex. Within 0.5 h post-collagenase injection there was clear bleeding at the site of injury, with progressive increase in iron and infiltration of neutrophils in the first 24 h, together with focal microglia activation. By P16, blood was no longer observed, although significant gray and white matter brain infarction persisted. Astrogliosis was also detected at this time-point. Animals exposed to GMH performed worse than controls in the negative geotaxis test and also opened their eyes with latency compared to control animals. At P40, GMH rats spent more time in the center of open field box and moved at higher speed compared to the controls, and continued to show ipsilateral injury in striatum and subcortical white matter. We have established a P5 rat model of collagenase-induced GMH for the study of preterm brain injury. Our results show that P5 rat pups exposed to GMH develop moderate brain injury affecting both gray and white matter associated with delayed eye opening and abnormal motor functions. These animals develop hyperactivity and show reduced anxiety in the juvenile stage.
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O'Donnell, K., and M. Lewis O'Donnell. "Global Mental Health: sharing and synthesizing knowledge for sustainable development." Global Mental Health 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2016.22.
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Global mental health (GMH) is a growing domain with an increasing capacity to positively impact the world community's efforts for sustainable development and wellbeing. Sharing and synthesizing GMH and multi-sectoral knowledge, the focus of this paper, is an important way to support these global efforts. This paper consolidates some of the most recent and relevant ‘context resources’ [global multi-sector (GMS) materials, emphasizing world reports on major issues] and ‘core resources’ (GMH materials, including newsletters, texts, conferences, training, etc.). In addition to offering a guided index of materials, it presents an orientation framework (global integration) to help make important information as accessible and useful as possible. Mental health colleagues are encouraged to stay current in GMH and global issues, to engage in the emerging agendas for sustainable development and wellbeing, and to intentionally connect and contribute across sectors. Colleagues in all sectors are encouraged to do likewise, and to take advantage of the wealth of shared and synthesized knowledge in the GMH domain, such as the materials featured in this paper.