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Journal articles on the topic 'GMM based scheme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Ding, Ing Jr, Chih Ta Yen, and Che Wei Chang. "Classification of Chinese Popular Songs Using a Fusion Scheme of GMM Model Estimate and Formant Feature Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.1006.

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In this paper, a fusion scheme that combines Gaussian mixture model (GMM) calculations and formant feature analysis, called GMM-Formant, is proposed for classification of Chinese popular songs. Generally, automatic classification of popular music could be performed by two main categories of techniques, model-based and feature-based approaches. In model-based classification techniques, GMM is widely used for its simplicity. In feature-based music recognition, the formant parameter is an important acoustic feature for evaluation. The proposed GMM-Formant method takes use of linear interpolation

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Alharbi, Bayan, and Hanan S. Alshanbari. "Face-voice based multimodal biometric authentication system via FaceNet and GMM." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (July 11, 2023): e1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1468.

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Information security has become an inseparable aspect of the field of information technology as a result of advancements in the industry. Authentication is crucial when it comes to dealing with security. A user must be identified using biometrics based on certain physiological and behavioral markers. To validate or establish the identification of an individual requesting their services, a variety of systems require trustworthy personal recognition schemes. The goal of such systems is to ensure that the offered services are only accessible by authorized users and not by others. This case study

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Gupta, Monika, Smriti Srivastava, Gopal Chaudhary, Manju Khari, and Javier Parra Fuente. "Voltage Regulation using Probabilistic and Fuzzy Controlled Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Oil and Gas Industry." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 28, Supp02 (2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488520400139.

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In a power distribution system, faults occurring can cause voltage sag that can affect critical loads connected in the power network which can cause serious effects in the oil and gas industry. The objective of this paper is to design and implement an efficient and economical dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to compensate for voltage sag conditions in the oil and gas industry. Due to the complexity and sensitivity of loads, a short voltage sag duration can still cause severe power quality problems to the entire system. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a static series compensating type custom po

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Mamyrbayev, O., A. Akhmediyarova, A. Kydyrbekova, N. O. Mekebayev, and B. Zhumazhanov. "BIOMETRIC HUMAN AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM THROUGH SPEECH USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS (DNN)." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.137.

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Biometrics offers more security and convenience than traditional methods of identification. Recently, DNN has become a means of a more reliable and efficient authentication scheme. In this work, we compare two modern teaching methods: these two methods are methods based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) (denoted by the GMM i-vector) and methods based on deep neural networks (DNN) (denoted as the i-vector DNN). The results show that the DNN system with an i-vector is superior to the GMM system with an i-vector for various durations (from full length to 5s). DNNs have proven to be the most eff

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Chaddad, Ahmad. "Automated Feature Extraction in Brain Tumor by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Gaussian Mixture Models." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/868031.

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This paper presents a novel method for Glioblastoma (GBM) feature extraction based on Gaussian mixture model (GMM) features using MRI. We addressed the task of the new features to identify GBM using T1 and T2 weighted images (T1-WI, T2-WI) and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) MR images. A pathologic area was detected using multithresholding segmentation with morphological operations of MR images. Multiclassifier techniques were considered to evaluate the performance of the feature based scheme in terms of its capability to discriminate GBM and normal tissue. GMM features demonstrate

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Chen, Rong, Yuzhu Bai, Yong Zhao, Zhijun Chen, and Tao Sheng. "Safe Proximity Operation to Rotating Non-Cooperative Spacecraft with Complex Shape Using Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Fixed-Time Control." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (2020): 5986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175986.

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This paper studies the safety control problem for rotating spacecraft proximity maneuver in presence of complex shaped obstacles. First, considering the attitude change of the target spacecraft, a dynamic model of close-range relative motion in a body-fixed coordinate system is derived using a novel approach. Then, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is utilized to reconstruct the complex shape of the spacecraft, and a novel GMM-based artificial potential function (APF) is proposed to represent the collision avoidance requirement. By combining GMM-based APF with fixed-time stability methodology,

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Zergat, Kawthar Yasmine, and Abderrahmane Amrouche. "New scheme based on GMM-PCA-SVM modelling for automatic speaker recognition." International Journal of Speech Technology 17, no. 4 (2014): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-014-9235-7.

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Chen, Guang Hua, and Gui Zhi Sheng. "Detection of Moving Objects Based on Mixture Gaussian Model." Advanced Materials Research 1039 (October 2014): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1039.274.

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The paper proposes an improved adaptive Gaussian mixture model (GMM) approach with online EM algorithms for updating, which solves the video segmentation problems carried by busy environment and illumination change. Different learning rates are set for foreground district and background district respectively, which improves the convergence speed of background model. A shadow removal scheme is also introduced for extracting complete moving objects. It is based on brightness distortion and chromaticity distortion in RGB color space. Morphological filtering and connected components analysis algor

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KIM, Y., S. JEONG, and D. KIM. "A GMM-Based Target Classification Scheme for a Node in Wireless Sensor Networks." IEICE Transactions on Communications E91-B, no. 11 (2008): 3544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e91-b.11.3544.

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Chen, Joy Iong-Zong, and P. Hengjinda. "Based on machine learning scheme to develop a smart robot embedded with GMM-UBM." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 4 (2021): 7925–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189615.

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Smart Robot embedded with GMM-UBM (Gaussian mixture model- universal background model) based on the machine learning scheme is presented in the article. Authors have designed a smart robot for the farmer and which is designed controlled by the concept of machine learning. On the other hand, the techniques of machine learning are applied to develop a smart robot for helping farmers recognize the environment conditions, e.g. weather, and disease protection in rice or plant. The smart robot is implemented to detect and to recognize the environment conditions around a fixed area. The sensing way t

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Xie, Qunyi, and Hongqing Zhu. "Image Retrieval Based on Multiview Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Gaussian Mixture Model Spectral Clustering Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3271924.

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Content-based image retrieval has recently become an important research topic and has been widely used for managing images from repertories. In this article, we address an efficient technique, called MNGS, which integrates multiview constrained nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and Gaussian mixture model- (GMM-) based spectral clustering for image retrieval. In the proposed methodology, the multiview NMF scheme provides competitive sparse representations of underlying images through decomposition of a similarity-preserving matrix that is formed by fusing multiple features from different v

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Ding, Ing-Jr, and Zong-Gui Wu. "Combinations of eigenspace and GMM with Kinect sensor-extracted action gesture features for person identity recognition." Engineering Computations 33, no. 8 (2016): 2489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-02-2016-0076.

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Purpose The Kinect sensor released by Microsoft is well-known for its effectiveness on human gesture recognition. Gesture recognition by Kinect has been proved to be an efficient command operation and provides an additional human-computer interface in addition to the traditional speech recognition. For Kinect gesture recognition in the application of gesture command operations, recognition of the active user making the gesture command to Kinect will be an extremely crucial problem. The purpose of this paper is to propose a recognition method for recognizing the person identity of an active use

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Kim, Seongjai. "3‐D eikonal solvers: First‐arrival traveltimes." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 4 (2002): 1225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1500384.

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The article is concerned with the development and comparison of three different algorithms for the computation of first‐arrival traveltimes: the fast marching method (FMM), the group marching method (GMM), and a second‐order finite‐difference eikonal solver. GMM is introduced as a variant of FMM. It proceeds the solution by advancing a selected group of grid points at a time, rather than sorting the solution in the narrow band to march forward a single grid point. The second‐order eikonal solver studied in the article is an expanding‐box, essentially nonoscillatory scheme for which the stabili

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Xu, Hangyong, Meihua Bi, Feifan Hu, Zhirui Hu, Xuyang Teng, and Weisheng Hu. "A GMM-based non-uniform quantization scheme for improving low-resolution IMDD-UFMC system performance." Optical Fiber Technology 71 (July 2022): 102943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2022.102943.

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Liu, Di, Min Zhu, Dong Li, Xiaofang Fang, and Yanbo Wu. "Energy-Efficient Time Synchronization based on Nonlinear Clock Skew Tracking for Underwater Acoustic Networks." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155018.

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Time synchronization plays an important role in the scheduling and position technologies of sensor nodes in underwater acoustic networks (UANs). The time synchronization (TS) algorithms face challenges such as high requirements of energy efficiency, the estimation accuracy of the time-varying clock skew and the suppression of the impulsive noise. To achieve accurate time synchronization for UANs, an energy-efficient TS method based on nonlinear clock skew tracking (NCST) is proposed. First, based on the sea trial temperature data and the crystal oscillators’ temperature–frequency characteristi

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Wang, Xu. "The Design of University Coordination Utility Management and Online Repair Platform Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis with Random Matrix." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5477390.

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In this paper, the random matrix of multivariate statistical analysis is used to conduct in-depth research and analysis of the university coordination utility management and online repair platform. Considering that the chunking of variables based on mechanistic knowledge is not easy to achieve, firstly, the maximum correlation and minimum redundancy algorithm is used to portray the correlation more accurately between process variables and remove the redundancy between variables to provide the optimal variable input for the base model. The multivariate mean control chart was used to calculate t

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Magaraja, Anousouya Devi, Ezhilarasie Rajapackiyam, Vaitheki Kanagaraj, et al. "A Hybrid Linear Iterative Clustering and Bayes Classification-Based GrabCut Segmentation Scheme for Dynamic Detection of Cervical Cancer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (2022): 10522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010522.

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Cervical cancer earlier detection remains indispensable for enhancing the survival rate probability among women patients worldwide. The early detection of cervical cancer is done relatively by using the Pap Smear cell Test. This method of detection is challenged by the degradation phenomenon within the image segmentation task that arises when the superpixel count is minimized. This paper introduces a Hybrid Linear Iterative Clustering and Bayes classification-based GrabCut Segmentation Technique (HLC-BC-GCST) for the dynamic detection of Cervical cancer. In this proposed HLC-BC-GCST approach,

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Zhou, Hao, Yun Gao, Guo Wu Yuan, and Xue Jie Zhang. "A Fast Convergent Adaptive-K Mixture-Of-Gaussian Model for Video Object Segmentation." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1919.

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It is a key step to extract moving objects from background for computer vision applications. GMM based methods are the most commonly used technique for background subtraction in video sequence. However, how to establish efficient and precision background model with fast convergence rate is a Research-Worthy problem. In this paper, an effective scheme is proposed to accelerate the convergence rate of Adaptive-K Gaussian Mixture Model (AKGMM). The AKGMM algorithm alters the dimension of the parameter space at each pixel based on the changing frequency of pixel value. The number of GMM reflects t

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Freifeld, Oren, Hayit Greenspan, and Jacob Goldberger. "Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection Using Constrained GMM and Curve Evolution." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2009 (2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/715124.

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This paper focuses on the detection and segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in magnetic resonance (MRI) brain images. To capture the complex tissue spatial layout, a probabilistic model termed Constrained Gaussian Mixture Model (CGMM) is proposed based on a mixture of multiple spatially oriented Gaussians per tissue. The intensity of a tissue is considered a global parameter and is constrained, by a parameter-tying scheme, to be the same value for the entire set of Gaussians that are related to the same tissue. MS lesions are identified as outlier Gaussian components and are groupe

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Ding, Ing-Jr, Chih-Ta Yen, and Zih-Jheng Lin. "FUZZY LOGIC-BASED INTELLIGENT CONTROL FOR SVM SPEAKER VERIFICATION WITH THE SUPPORT OF GMM PRIOR INFORMATION." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 37, no. 3 (2013): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2013-0036.

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In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based intelligent control (FLIC) scheme for support vector machine (SVM) speaker verification, called FLICSVM, is developed. The proposed FLICSVM method enhances SVM training by considering the property of training utterances for establishing the SVM model and therefore could further ensure the robustness of the SVM classifier on speaker verification. In FLICSVM, when establishing the SVM model in the training procedure, the popular fuzzy control methodology is employed to tune certain specific SVM parameter according to the prior information of SVM training uttera

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Wang, Xin Hua, Shou Qiang Hu, Qian Yi Ya, Shu Wen Sun, and Xiu Xia Cao. "Research on Control Power and Self-Sensing Technology for GMM Self-Sensing Actuator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1314.

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Structure and principle of a new kind of diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator (SSA for short) is introduced, for which a kind of double outputs high-precision NC stable voltage power is designed. With the method of combining with the hardware design and the software setting, the controllability and reliability of the actuator are greatly improved. And the whole design becomes more reasonable, which saves the cost and improves the practicability. In addition, based on the micro controller unit (MCU) with high-speed control, the scheme design of the real-time separatio

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Pourghassem, Hossein. "A novel material detection algorithm based on 2D GMM-based power density function and image detail addition scheme in dual energy X-ray images." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (2012): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-2012-0330.

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Li, Qiuling, Xiao Chen, Bingbing Wang, Jing Liu, Guofeng Zhang, and Bin Feng. "Shot Boundary Detection Based on Global Features and the Target Features." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (2023): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030565.

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Video processing plays an important role in the intelligent monitoring and management system of agricultural information. Video shot boundary detection is the basic symmetry step underlying video processing techniques. According to the current shot boundary detection algorithm, the feature changes between gradual transition frames are difficult to detect, and the misdetection situation is caused by ignoring the attention of the target feature during the feature extraction. A novel symmetry multi-step comparative scheme of shot boundary detection algorithm based on global features and target fe

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Lin, Fandel, and Hsun-Ping Hsieh. "A Joint Passenger Flow Inference and Path Recommender System for Deploying New Routes and Stations of Mass Transit Transportation." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 16, no. 1 (2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3451393.

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In this work, a novel decision assistant system for urban transportation, called Route Scheme Assistant (RSA), is proposed to address two crucial issues that few former researches have focused on: route-based passenger flow (PF) inference and multivariant high-PF route recommendation. First, RSA can estimate the PF of arbitrary user-designated routes effectively by utilizing Deep Neural Network (DNN) for regression based on geographical information and spatial-temporal urban informatics. Second, our proposed Bidirectional Prioritized Spanning Tree (BDPST) intelligently combines the parallel co

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Li, Yang, Zhuang Li, Yanping Wang, et al. "Improving the Performance of RODNet for MMW Radar Target Detection in Dense Pedestrian Scene." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (2023): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020361.

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In the field of autonomous driving, millimeter-wave (MMW) radar is often used as a supplement sensor of other types of sensors, such as optics, in severe weather conditions to provide target-detection services for autonomous driving. RODNet (A Real-Time Radar Object-Detection Network) is one of the most widely used MMW radar range–azimuth (RA) image sequence target-detection algorithms based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, RODNet adopts an object-location similarity (OLS) detection method that is independent of the number of targets to obtain the final target detections from

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Beaklini, Pedro P. B., Allan V. C. Quadros, Marcio G. B. de Avellar, Maria L. L. Dantas, and André L. F. Cançado. "AGN dichotomy beyond radio loudness: a Gaussian mixture model analysis." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 2 (2020): 1463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2072.

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ABSTRACT Since the discovery of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), also known as quasars, they have been traditionally subdivided as radio-loud and radio-quiet sources. Whether such division is a misleading effect from a highly heterogeneous single population of objects, or real has yet to be answered. Such dichotomy has been evidenced by observations of the flux ratio between the optical and radio emissions (usually B band and 5 GHz). Evidence of two populations in quasars and samples of a wide diversity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been accumulated over the years. Other quantities beyond

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Xiong, Chenyao, Qingsong Li, Dingjie Wang, and Jie Wu. "Using Multi-Antenna Trajectory Constraint to Analyze BeiDou Carrier-Phase Observation Error of Dynamic Receivers." Sensors 21, no. 20 (2021): 6930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206930.

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Appropriate cycle-slip and measurement-error models are essential for BeiDou carrier-phase-based integrity risk calculation. To establish the receiver’s measurement-error model, an accurate position reference of the GNSS antenna is fundamental for calculating the measurement error. However, it is still a challenge to acquire position references for dynamic BeiDou receivers, resulting in improper GNSS measurement-error models and unreliable integrity monitoring. This paper proposes an improved precise relative positioning scheme by adopting multi-antenna trajectory constraints for dynamic BeiDo

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Liu, Hongqiang, Zhongliang Zhou, and Chunguang Lu. "Maneuvering Detection Using Multiple Parallel CUSUM Detector." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5062184.

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The switching model tracking algorithm based on hard decisions is an important method to solve the maneuvering target tracking problem. The use of Doppler velocity not only helps shorten the delay time of maneuvering detection but also provides information about the target motion model. A novel target maneuvering detection method named Multiple Parallel Cumulative Sum (M-CUSUM) for target multiple maneuvering models is proposed in this paper based on Doppler velocity. The main scheme of the proposed approach consists of the following: firstly, the problem framework of multiple model maneuverin

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Levy, G., M. Coon, G. Nguyen, and D. Sulsky. "Physically-based data assimilation." Geoscientific Model Development 3, no. 2 (2010): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-3-669-2010.

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Abstract. Ideally, a validation and assimilation scheme should maintain the physical principles embodied in the model and be able to evaluate and assimilate lower dimensional features (e.g., discontinuities) contained within a bulk simulation, even when these features are not directly observed or represented by model variables. We present such a scheme and suggest its potential to resolve or alleviate some outstanding problems that stem from making and applying required, yet often non-physical, assumptions and procedures in common operational data assimilation. As proof of concept, we use a se

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Guimberteau, M., A. Ducharne, P. Ciais, et al. "Testing conceptual and physically based soil hydrology schemes against observations for the Amazon Basin." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 3 (2014): 1115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1115-2014.

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Abstract. This study analyzes the performance of the two soil hydrology schemes of the land surface model ORCHIDEE in estimating Amazonian hydrology and phenology for five major sub-basins (Xingu, Tapajós, Madeira, Solimões and Negro), during the 29-year period 1980–2008. A simple 2-layer scheme with a bucket topped by an evaporative layer is compared to an 11-layer diffusion scheme. The soil schemes are coupled with a river routing module and a process model of plant physiology, phenology and carbon dynamics. The simulated water budget and vegetation functioning components are compared with s

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Teh, Je Sen, and Azman Samsudin. "A Chaos-Based Authenticated Cipher with Associated Data." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9040518.

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In recent years, there has been a rising interest in authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) which combines encryption and authentication into a unified scheme. AEAD schemes provide authentication for a message that is divided into two parts: associated data which is not encrypted and the plaintext which is encrypted. However, there is a lack of chaos-based AEAD schemes in recent literature. This paper introduces a new 128-bit chaos-based AEAD scheme based on the single-key Even-Mansour and Type-II generalized Feistel structure. The proposed scheme provides both privacy and authen

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Theodoritsi, Georgia N., Giancarlo Ciarelli, and Spyros N. Pandis. "Simulation of the evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol with different volatility basis set schemes in PMCAMx-SRv1.0." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 4 (2021): 2041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2041-2021.

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Abstract. A source-resolved three-dimensional chemical transport model, PMCAMx-SR (Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air-quality Model with extensions – Source Resolved), was applied in the continental US to investigate the contribution of the various components (primary and secondary) of biomass burning organic aerosol (bbOA) to organic aerosol levels. Two different schemes based on the volatility basis set were used for the simulation of the bbOA during different seasons. The first is the default scheme of PMCAMx-SR, and the second is a recently developed scheme based on laboratory experiment

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Yin, Jinfang, Xudong Liang, Hong Wang, and Haile Xue. "Representation of the autoconversion from cloud to rain using a weighted ensemble approach: a case study using WRF v4.1.3." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 2 (2022): 771–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-771-2022.

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Abstract. Cloud and precipitation processes remain among the largest sources of uncertainties in weather and climate modelling, and considerable attention has been paid to improving the representation of the cloud and precipitation processes in numerical models in the last several decades. In this study, we develop a weighted ensemble (named EN) scheme by employing several widely used autoconversion (ATC) schemes to represent the ATC from cloud water to rainwater. One unique feature of the EN approach is that the ATC rate is a weighted mean value based on the calculations from several ATC sche

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He, Yanfeng, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, and Kengo Sudo. "Introducing new lightning schemes into the CHASER (MIROC) chemistry–climate model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 14 (2022): 5627–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-5627-2022.

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Abstract. The formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) associated with lightning activities (hereinafter designated as LNOx) is a major source of NOx. In fact, it is regarded as the dominant NOx source in the middle to upper troposphere. Therefore, improving the prediction accuracy of lightning and LNOx in chemical climate models is crucially important. This study implemented three new lightning schemes with the CHASER (MIROC) global chemical transport and climate model. The first lightning scheme is based on upward cloud ice flux (ICEFLUX scheme). The second one (the original ECMWF scheme), also ad

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Kang, Daiwen, Kenneth E. Pickering, Dale J. Allen, et al. "Simulating lightning NO production in CMAQv5.2: evolution of scientific updates." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 7 (2019): 3071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3071-2019.

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Abstract. This work describes the lightning nitric oxide (LNO) production schemes in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. We first document the existing LNO production scheme and vertical distribution algorithm. We then describe updates that were made to the scheme originally based on monthly National Lightning Detection Network (mNLDN) observations. The updated scheme uses hourly NLDN (hNLDN) observations. These NLDN-based schemes are good for retrospective model applications when historical lightning data are available. For applications when observed data are not available (i.e

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Hong, S., X. Yu, S. K. Park, Y. S. Choi, and B. Myoung. "Assessing optimal set of implemented physical parameterization schemes in a multi-physics land surface model using genetic algorithm." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 5 (2014): 2517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2517-2014.

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Abstract. Optimization of land surface models has been challenging due to the model complexity and uncertainty. In this study, we performed scheme-based model optimizations by designing a framework for coupling "the micro-genetic algorithm" (micro-GA) and "the Noah land surface model with multiple physics options" (Noah-MP). Micro-GA controls the scheme selections among eight different land surface parameterization categories, each containing 2–4 schemes, in Noah-MP in order to extract the optimal scheme combination that achieves the best skill score. This coupling framework was successfully a

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Shiu, Chein-Jung, Yi-Chi Wang, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, et al. "GTS v1.0: a macrophysics scheme for climate models based on a probability density function." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 1 (2021): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-177-2021.

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Abstract. Cloud macrophysics schemes are unique parameterizations for general circulation models. We propose an approach based on a probability density function (PDF) that utilizes cloud condensates and saturation ratios to replace the assumption of critical relative humidity (RH). We test this approach, called the Global Forecast System (GFS) – Taiwan Earth System Model (TaiESM) – Sundqvist (GTS) scheme, using the macrophysics scheme within the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 (CAM5.3) framework. Via single-column model results, the new approach simulates the cloud fraction (CF)–RH dist

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Arabas, S., A. Jaruga, H. Pawlowska, and W. W. Grabowski. "libcloudph++ 1.0: a single-moment bulk, double-moment bulk, and particle-based warm-rain microphysics library in C++." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 6 (2015): 1677–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1677-2015.

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Abstract. This paper introduces a library of algorithms for representing cloud microphysics in numerical models. The library is written in C++, hence the name libcloudph++. In the current release, the library covers three warm-rain schemes: the single- and double-moment bulk schemes, and the particle-based scheme with Monte Carlo coalescence. The three schemes are intended for modelling frameworks of different dimensionalities and complexities ranging from parcel models to multi-dimensional cloud-resolving (e.g. large-eddy) simulations. A two-dimensional (2-D) prescribed-flow framework is used

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Saito, Fuyuki, Takashi Obase, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi. "Implementation of the RCIP scheme and its performance for 1-D age computations in ice-sheet models." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 11 (2020): 5875–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5875-2020.

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Abstract. Ice-sheet age computations are formulated using an Eulerian advection equation, and there are many schemes that can be used to solve them numerically. Typically, these differ in numerical characteristics such as stability, accuracy, and diffusivity. Furthermore, although various methods have been presented for ice-sheet age computations, the constrained interpolation profile method and its variants have not been examined in this context. The present study introduces one of its variants, a rational function-based constrained interpolation profile (RCIP) scheme, to one-dimensional ice

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Islam, Saif Ul, and Soobae Kim. "Design of an Optimal Adoptive Fault Ride through Scheme for Overcurrent Protection of Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Resources under Symmetrical Faults." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (2023): 6705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086705.

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As the integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is rapidly increasing in regard to the existing power system, switching from grid-following (GFL) to grid-forming (GFM) inverter control is the solution to maintain grid resilience. However, additional overcurrent protection, especially during fault transition, is required due to limited overcurrent capability and the high magnitude of spikes during fault recovery in IBRs, specifically in the GFM control mode. Furthermore, the power system stability should not be compromised by the employment of additional fault ride through (FRT) schemes.

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Sørensen, B., E. Kaas, and U. S. Korsholm. "A mass-conserving and multi-tracer efficient transport scheme in the online integrated Enviro-HIRLAM model." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 4 (2013): 1029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1029-2013.

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Abstract. In this paper a new advection scheme for the online coupled chemical–weather prediction model Enviro-HIRLAM is presented. The new scheme is based on the locally mass-conserving semi-Lagrangian method (LMCSL), where the original two-dimensional scheme has been extended to a fully three-dimensional version. This means that the three-dimensional semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme which is currently used in Enviro-HIRLAM is largely unchanged. The HIRLAM model is a computationally efficient hydrostatic operational short-term numerical weather prediction model, which is used as the base

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Niyogi, Dev, Kiran Alapaty, Sethu Raman, and Fei Chen. "Development and Evaluation of a Coupled Photosynthesis-Based Gas Exchange Evapotranspiration Model (GEM) for Mesoscale Weather Forecasting Applications." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 2 (2009): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1662.1.

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Abstract Current land surface schemes used for mesoscale weather forecast models use the Jarvis-type stomatal resistance formulations for representing the vegetation transpiration processes. The Jarvis scheme, however, despite its robustness, needs significant tuning of the hypothetical minimum-stomatal resistance term to simulate surface energy balances. In this study, the authors show that the Jarvis-type stomatal resistance/transpiration model can be efficiently replaced in a coupled land–atmosphere model with a photosynthesis-based scheme and still achieve dynamically consistent results. T

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Leriche, M., J. P. Pinty, C. Mari, and D. Gazen. "A cloud chemistry module for the 3-D cloud-resolving mesoscale model Meso-NH with application to idealized cases." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 4 (2013): 1275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1275-2013.

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Abstract. A complete chemical module has been developed for use in the Meso-NH three-dimensional cloud resolving mesoscale model. This module includes gaseous- and aqueous-phase chemical reactions that are analysed by a pre-processor generating the Fortran90 code automatically. The kinetic solver is based on a Rosenbrock algorithm, which is robust and accurate for integrating stiff systems and especially multiphase chemistry. The exchange of chemical species between the gas phase and cloud droplets and raindrops is computed kinetically by mass transfers considering non-equilibrium between the

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Rößler, Thomas, Olaf Stein, Yi Heng, Paul Baumeister, and Lars Hoffmann. "Trajectory errors of different numerical integration schemes diagnosed with the MPTRAC advection module driven by ECMWF operational analyses." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 2 (2018): 575–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-575-2018.

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Abstract. The accuracy of trajectory calculations performed by Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) depends on various factors. The optimization of numerical integration schemes used to solve the trajectory equation helps to maximize the computational efficiency of large-scale LPDM simulations. We analyzed global truncation errors of six explicit integration schemes of the Runge–Kutta family, which we implemented in the Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) advection module. The simulations were driven by wind fields from operational analysis and forecasts of the European

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Gutjahr, Oliver, Nils Brüggemann, Helmuth Haak, et al. "Comparison of ocean vertical mixing schemes in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2)." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (2021): 2317–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2317-2021.

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Abstract. For the first time, we compare the effects of four different ocean vertical mixing schemes on the mean state of the ocean and atmosphere in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2). These four schemes are namely the default Pacanowski and Philander (1981) (PP) scheme, the K-profile parameterization (KPP) from the Community Vertical Mixing (CVMix) library, a recently implemented scheme based on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and a recently developed prognostic scheme for internal wave dissipation, energy, and mixing (IDEMIX) to replace the often assumed constant backg

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Séférian, Roland, Sunghye Baek, Olivier Boucher, et al. "An interactive ocean surface albedo scheme (OSAv1.0): formulation and evaluation in ARPEGE-Climat (V6.1) and LMDZ (V5A)." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 1 (2018): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-321-2018.

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Abstract. Ocean surface represents roughly 70 % of the Earth's surface, playing a large role in the partitioning of the energy flow within the climate system. The ocean surface albedo (OSA) is an important parameter in this partitioning because it governs the amount of energy penetrating into the ocean or reflected towards space. The old OSA schemes in the ARPEGE-Climat and LMDZ models only resolve the latitudinal dependence in an ad hoc way without an accurate representation of the solar zenith angle dependence. Here, we propose a new interactive OSA scheme suited for Earth system models, whi

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Stegehuis, A. I., R. Vautard, P. Ciais, A. J. Teuling, D. G. Miralles, and M. Wild. "An observation-constrained multi-physics WRF ensemble for simulating European mega heat waves." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 7 (2015): 2285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2285-2015.

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Abstract. Many climate models have difficulties in properly reproducing climate extremes, such as heat wave conditions. Here we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with a large combination of different atmospheric physics schemes, in combination with the NOAH land-surface scheme, with the goal of detecting the most sensitive physics and identifying those that appear most suitable for simulating the heat wave events of 2003 in western Europe and 2010 in Russia. In total, 55 out of 216 simulations combining different atmospheric physical schemes have a temperatu

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Chao, Winston C. "Catastrophe-Concept-Based Cumulus Parameterization: Correction of Systematic Errors in the Precipitation Diurnal Cycle over Land in a GCM." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 11 (2013): 3599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-022.1.

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Abstract The onset of cumulus convection in a grid column is a catastrophe, also known as a subcritical instability. Accordingly, in designing a cumulus parameterization scheme the onset of cumulus convection requires that a parameter crosses a critical value and the termination of cumulus convection requires that the same or a different parameter crosses a different critical value. Once begun, cumulus convection continues to exist, regardless of whether the onset criterion is still met, until the termination criterion is met. Also, the intensity of cumulus precipitation is related to how far

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Liu, Yaling, Mohamad Hejazi, Hongyi Li, Xuesong Zhang, and Guoyong Leng. "A hydrological emulator for global applications – HE v1.0.0." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 3 (2018): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1077-2018.

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Abstract. While global hydrological models (GHMs) are very useful in exploring water resources and interactions between the Earth and human systems, their use often requires numerous model inputs, complex model calibration, and high computation costs. To overcome these challenges, we construct an efficient open-source and ready-to-use hydrological emulator (HE) that can mimic complex GHMs at a range of spatial scales (e.g., basin, region, globe). More specifically, we construct both a lumped and a distributed scheme of the HE based on the monthly abcd model to explore the tradeoff between comp

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Seidel, Sarah, Valentin Garbe, Alexander Schmid та Johannes Heitmann. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) High-κ Gate Oxide Integration and Ohmic Contact Development for AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, № 19 (2022): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01191050mtgabs.

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GaN based devices are one of the main candidates for current power electronics and RF applications [1,2]. For optimizing device performance, a detailed understanding of the defects contained in the material and the passivation capability of dielectric layers, i.e., the interfacial defect states formed, is mandatory. Here, we will focus on the surface defect passivation and gate leakage current reduction by introducing thin dielectric films as gate insulator in a so-called MISHEMT (metal insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistors) device using different materials. The impact of

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