Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GMP cyclique'
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Cook, Neil James. "Le gmp cyclique et la phototransduction chez les vertebres." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13147.
Full textCook, Neil James. "Le GMP cyclique et la phototransduction chez les vertébrés." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375968043.
Full textAllombert, Julie. "Rôles des voies de signalisation à di-GMP cyclique chez Legionella pneumophila." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10161/document.
Full textLegionella pneumophila is a bacterium that proliferates in fresh water environments through the replication within amoebas. These bacteria can persist in these environments through biofilm formation. The inhalation of aerosolized contaminated water through hot water systems or cooling towers can induce the infection of human lungs, leading to a severe pneumonia called legionellosis. Cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP) in involved, in various bacterial species, in the motility‐to‐sessility transition, and in some pathogens, in virulence control. My work aims to demonstrate the involvement of signaling pathways that use c‐di‐GMP in virulence control and biofilm formation of L. pneumophila. This involvement was investigated by systematically inactivating each gene encoding a c‐di‐GMP‐metabolizing enzyme in L. pneumophila Lens strain. Our work revealed that 3 of these proteins, Lpl0780, Lpl0922 and Lpl1118 are specifically involved in virulence control and, particularly, in the early survival during host cell infection through the orchestration of virulence factors secretion within host cell. Lpl1118 is particularly required for replicative vacuole biogenesis. Five other proteins, participate in the formation and architecture of biofilms. One of them is more specifically involved in biofilm formation in the presence of nitric oxide. These results help to better understand the complexity and the specificity of c‐di‐GMP signaling pathways in L. pneumophila and should allow the exploration of more effective ways to fight this pathogen
Zaouali-Ajina, Monia. "Rôle des acides gras polyinsaturés sur la secrétion de mélatonine chez le rat : aspects in vitro et in vivo : action in vivo sur la secrétion d'arginine vasopressine." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T294.
Full textEstève, Laurent. "Induction des genes a reponse precoce par le neuroleptique haloperidol et par la stimulation de la voie no/gmp cyclique. Implication de la proteine kinase dependant du gmp cyclique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13027.
Full textQUIRIN, LAURENCE. "Gmp cyclique et hypertension arterielle gravidique : variations des taux plasmatiques et urinaires au cours du peri-partum." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M054.
Full textSchini, Valerie Barbara. "Influence de l'endothelium sur la vasoconstriction et le metabolisme du GMP cyclique dans le muscle lisse vasculaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13073.
Full textSchini, Valérie. "Influence de l'endothelium sur la vasoconstriction et le métabolisme du GMP cyclique dans le muscle lisse vasculaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618475h.
Full textABI, GERGES NAJAH. "Regulation du courant calcique cardiaque par les voies de l'amp cyclique, du gmp cyclique et du monoxyde d'azote (no) (doctorat : structure et fonctionnement des systemes biologiques integres)." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA114838.
Full textElmorjani, Khalil. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation de la synthèse et de la dégradation des phycobiliprotéines chez une Cyanobactérie synechocystis 6803." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112095.
Full textIn order to study the regulation of the synthesis and degradation of phycobiliproteins, we developed an effective method for isolating pigment mutants of Synechocystis 6803, selectable due to their partial deficiency in photoautotrophic metabolism. By comparison of wild type and mutant cells of which some completely lacked the major pigment, phycocyanin, the protein composition of the phycobilisomes was examined and a structural model was established. Nitrogen starvation results in the synthesis of phycocyaninase, an inducible protease which specifically degrades phycocyanin in Synechocystis 6803 as in other cyanobacteria. It was shown that phycocyaninase activity is inhibited in the presence of glucose, a utilisable carbon source. Although this inhibition appears to resemble catabolite repression, it is mediated neither by cyclic AMP nor by the tetra - and penta - phosphates of guanosine, and immunological studies did not lead to the detection of a CAP protein homologous to that of E. Coli. The organism produced large amounts of cyclic GMP; the intracellular concentration of this nucleotide varied with the growth conditions and increased markedly concomitantly with the induction of the phycocyaninase. The inhibition of proteolytic activity in the presence of glucose was accompanied by a rapid decrease in the intracellular levels of cGMP. The nature of this "glucose effect" and the possible role of this nucleotide in the control of the synthesis or activity of phycocyaninase are discussed
Moro, Cédric. "Rôle physiologique des peptides natriurétiques dans le contrôle de la mobilisation des lipides chez l'homme." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30028.
Full textCatty, Patrice. "La phosphodiestérase spécifique du GMP cyclique du bâtonnet rétinien : liaison à la membrane et activation par la transducine." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10003.
Full textDeschatrettes, Élodie. "L'activation de la voie du GMP cyclique réduit le comportement d'auto-administration de cocaïne chez le rat : implication de régulations épigénétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937526.
Full textLAGAUD, GUY. "Mecanisme de couplage entre les recepteurs a l'atp et a la noradrenaline, signal calcique et contraction dans les arteres de resistance : effets du gmp c." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR15071.
Full textSerre, Véronique. "Le canal cationique activé par la guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate cyclique (GMPc) des batonnets rétiniens de bovins : rôle des cystéines et étude du phénomène d'inactivation." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10059.
Full textLE, GRAND MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Effets vasculaires du facteur atrial natriuretique et intervention de son second messager, le gmp cyclique, chez le rat normotendu et spontanement hypertendu." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066223.
Full textCharnet, Pierre. "Caractérisation et régulation du courant calcique cardiaque des cellules isolées de rat et de grenouille : utilisation des molécules photosensibles." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR4001.
Full textNoël, Florence. "Mécanismes ioniques impliqués dans les effets du N-méthyl-D-Aspartate sur les taux de GMP cyclique dans le cervelet de rat immature." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22005.
Full textROUL, GERALD JOSE. "Caracterisation pharmacologique des mecanismes de la vasoconstriction noradrenergique dans les arteres de resistance de rat et de sa modulation par le gmp cyclique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13022.
Full textFRANCHET-HABY, CHRISTELLE. "Implication des phenomenes de phosphorylation de proteines dans l'expression des genes a reponse precoce jun et fos. Un inducteur original, le gmp cyclique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13026.
Full textNoël, Florence. "Mécanismes ioniques impliqués dans les effets du n-méthyl-d-aspartate sur les taux de GMP cyclique dans le cervelet de rat immature." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617037m.
Full textVolant, Karine. "Les sécrétions intestinales GMPc-dépendantes chez le rat, in vivo." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T066.
Full textLeblais, Véronique. "Caractérisation pharmacologique du récepteur β-3-adrénergique dans le système cardio-vasculaire." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T047.
Full textA functional β3-adrenoceptor has been recently described in the human heart. The β3- adrenoceptor stimulation, in contrast to that of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors, decreases cardiac contractility through a pertussis toxin (PTX) sensitive Guo protein. We have shown that this negative inotropic effect involves a NO Synthase (NOS) activation and an increase in intracellular cGMP level. For the first time, a channel, CFfR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), is described as a β3-adrenoceptor effector. Furthermore, we have shown, in a heterologous mammalian expression system, that the regulation of CFfR chloride conductance by the β3-adenoceptor is independent of the cAMP/PKA pathway, but involves a PTX sensitive Giio protein. We also suggest that this regulation is not mediated by NOS and does not imply the cytosolic protein NHE-RF (Na+IH+ Exchanger Regulator Factor). Activation of CFfR could explain in part the decrease in action potential duration induced by the β3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Pharmacological tools allowed us to demonstrate that the β3-adrenoceptor is expressed in the rat aorta. The β3-adrenoceptor stimulation induces a vasorelaxation which depends on the endothelium and is mediated through the activation of a NOS pathway and an increase in intracellular cGMP level. The β3-adrenoceptor characterization in the cardiovascular system provides new cellular coupling pathways for this receptor
Grégoire, Guillaume. "Rôle du Reticulum sarcoplasmique dans la modulation de la concentration calcique cytosolique dans le myocyte de veine porte de rat." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28358.
Full textYim, Seung-Ae. "Multimodal study of the interactions between the hepatitis B virus and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase cGAS." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ041/document.
Full textChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver disease and cancer worldwide. The mechanisms of viral genome sensing and the evasion of innate immune responses by HBV infection are still poorly understood. Recently, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) was identified as a DNA sensor. In this PhD work, we aimed to investigate the functional role of cGAS in sensing of HBV infection and elucidate the mechanisms of viral evasion. We performed functional studies including loss- and gain-of-function experiments combined with cGAS effector gene expression profiling in an HBV infection-susceptible cell culture model. Collectively, our data show that (1) the cGAS-STING pathway exhibits robust antiviral activity against HBV infection including reduction of viral cccDNA levels; (2) naked HBV genomic rcDNA is sensed in a cGAS-dependent manner whereas packaging of the viral genome during infection abolishes host cell recognition of viral nucleic acids; (3) HBV infection down-regulates the cGAS/STING pathway actors as well as innate immune effector gene expression in vitro and vivo. Overall, this work led to describing new aspects of the complex interaction between HBV and the DNA sensor cGAS in hepatocytes
Mota, Elia Marilia da Fonte. "Dopamine and non-canonical signaling Phosphodiesterase 1 bridges glutamate inputs with NO- and dopamine-induced cyclic nucleotide signals in the striatum Involvement of phosphodiesterase 2A activity in the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS600.
Full textStriatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) integrate dopamine signals mainly through the cAMP signaling pathway. Dopamine D1 or D2 receptors trigger an increase or a decrease in cAMP levels, respectively. My thesis focuses on how phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which degrade cAMP, are involved in the integration of dopamine signals in the striatum. I used genetically-encoded FRET biosensors to monitor cAMP level in real time in individual living neurons in striatal brain slice preparations. I used selective inhibitors to determine the function of each PDE. PDE1B, which is activated by calcium-calmodulin, appears as a detector of the coincidence of dopamine and glutamate signals, which is critical in the regulation of synaptic plasticity involved in reward-based learning. PDE10A shows the most prominent activity, efficiently degrading both high and low cAMP levels. PDE10A activity is required to allow for PKA de-activation, and therefore needed to transduce a dopamine signal through D2 receptors into a decrease in PKA-dependent phosphorylation. PDE2A and PDE4 appeared to degrade only high levels of cAMP, preventing large increases in cAMP. PDE2A, which activity can be increased by cGMP, also appears as a detector of dopamine and NO coincidence. Understanding PDE functions can highlight their potential as therapeutic targets in CNS pathologies. As an example, we showed an increased PDE2A function in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Besides the cAMP/PKA pathway, dopamine D2 receptors is reported to activate non-canonical pathways. Attempts to use biosensors for Akt and ERK pathways did not provide conclusive data
Branchu, Priscilla. "Pathogénicité des Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques : identification de voies de régulation contrôlant la mobilité, la formation de biofilm et le locus d'effacement des entérocytes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866934.
Full textMoubarak, Majed. "Étude des effets du peptide natriurétique atrial sur les fibroblastes : implication physiopathologique dans le remodelage cardiaque." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2312/document.
Full textANP is a cardiac hormone released during heart failure and acts as a regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of ECM components and acquire under pathological conditions the capacity to differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Regulatory mechanisms involving ANP and its receptors (NPR) are poorly known and make the subject of our work. Ventricular fibroblasts were isolated from Wistar rat hearts and cultured to induce differentiation. The cultures were then subjected to various treatments involved in the ANP/NPR pathway. ANP decreases the proliferation rate, cell migration and collagen secretion. This effect was mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP. In addition, genomic and proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of the natriuretic receptor A and B in our cells. Furthermore, the expression of ten phosphodiesterases isoforms in the myofibroblasts was revealed by genomic screening. The non-selective inhibition of these phosphodiesterases causes a decrease in the proliferation and secretion of collagen. Finally, the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP were increased in the presence of ANP. In parallel, the characterization of ionic currents present in myofibroblasts revealed the absence of rapid sodium and potassium ATP-dependent currents. This study shows the role of the ANP/NPR/cGMP pathway in modulating fibroblast properties and exposes the complexity of the cell differentiation process during cardiac fibrogenesis
Petrova, Olga. "Regulation, activation, and deactivation of soluble guanylate cyclase and NO-sensors." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX113/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the regulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), the endogenous nitric oxide (NO) receptor in mammals involved in signal transduction. The enzyme is activated by the binding of NO to its heme and catalyzes the formation of cGMP from GTP. While sGC is present in many mammalian cells, the homologous bacterial domain (H-NOX) is involved in NO detection and metabolism regulation. An important objective was to find sGC inhibitors to slow down tumor progression.The screening of natural compounds from a chemical library, tested on purified sGC activity, revealed six active inhibitors (Ki = 0.2 – 1 µM). Together with two agents for photodynamic therapy (hypericin and hypocrellin) we demonstrated that these inhibitors are allosteric modulators which bind neither to the heme nor to the catalytic and activator sites, revealing a new class of pharmacological compounds targetting the NO/cGMP signaling pathway.The structural transition induced in sGC by stimulator riociguat in synergy with CO was studied by transient absorption spectroscopy to demonstrate coordination changes of the heme. Two different activation states of sGC with CO 6c-heme and 5c-heme exist simultaneously in the presence of the stimulator which induces the breaking of the heme Fe-His bond, as does the sGC natural effector NO. In addition, the effect of isoliquiritigenin, which is sold as a sGC activator, was shown to be actually an inhibitor of sGC.The dynamics of the ligands CO, NO and O2 were measured over 12 orders of magnitude in time in wild type and mutant of a bacterial NO transporter (AXCP). The single mutation Leu16Ala increased 108-fold the CO affinity, ~106-fold the NO affinity and makes this protein reactive to O2. In the case of CO and NO, whose affinities for L16A-AXCP are the largest ever measured, the bimolecular rebinding was absolutely not detectable. Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated that dissociated CO is constrained to stay within 4 Å from Fe2+ by Ala16, contrarily to wild-type Leu16.The dynamics of O2 in Tt-H-NOX proteins measured by transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed the hypothesis that Tt-H-NOX may not be a NO-sensor stricto sensu but a redox sensor. The properties of the Tt-H-NOX protein are not compatible with the role a mere NO-carrier
Eckly-Michel, Anita. "Etude des mecanismes d'action de l'ampc dans le relachement vasculaire : mise en evidence des interactions entre l'ampc et le gmpc." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR15077.
Full textMitropoulou, Georgia. "Characterisation and functional analysis of connexins expressed in the retina." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066226.
Full textBarbuta, Mihaela. "Le rôle de la kinase activée par l'AMP dans l'effet insulinotropique du GLP-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28644/28644.pdf.
Full textSassi, Yassine. "Rôle des transporteurs MRP sur la fonction des myocytes cardiaques et vasculaires via la régulation des nucléotides cycliques : implications physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066224.
Full textRichard, Sylvain. "Étude électrophysiologique du couplage excitation-contraction du myocarde par utilisation de molécules photosensibles." Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR4005.
Full textMorel, Eric. "Modifications intracellulaires radio-induites conduisant à la diminution de la capacité absorptive et sécrétoire de l'épithélium colique de rat." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077127.
Full textGao, Wenwen. "Functional profiling of rare GLP-1R variants, an important drug target gene of type 2 diabetes." Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2020. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2572&f=24498.
Full textThe glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor and an important drug target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)
Zhang, Liang. "Évaluation du rôle de nouvelles isoformes de PDE dans la compartimentation des nucléotides cycliques dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires et les cardiomyocytes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS290.
Full textThe two cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are important second messengers that regulate a large variety of cellular functions, in particular cardiovascular contractile function, cardiomyocyte cell growth and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade cyclic nucleotides, and exert a fine local control of their intracellular concentration. Alteration of cyclic nucleotides signaling pathway is involved in several pathological situations such as systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertensions, atherosclerotic lesions and cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, PDEs constitute potent therapeutic targets to restore a right cyclic nucleotide function. Eleven families of PDEs are now described, PDE1-6 being the most studied and PDE 7-11 representing the new families.The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the respective role of 4 PDE families, the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated PDE1, the cGMP-specific PDE5 and PDE9, and the cAMP-specific PDE8, in controlling intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i) and intracellular cGMP ([cGMP]i) concentrations in both rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and cardiac myocytes by using a pharmacological approach taken advantage of the development of new selective PDE inhibitors. Cyclic AMP- and cGMP-hydrolyzing activities were measured by enzymatic assay on cell lysate, whereas real-time [cAMP]i and [cGMP]i were followed in situ in isolated cells using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging. In cultured RASMCs, PDE1, PDE5 and PDE9 hydrolyzing activities were observed. We showed a functional role of basal PDE1 in controlling [cGMP]i increased by the C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP). Interestingly, upon high intracellular Ca2+ concentration, PDE1 also regulated the Nitric Oxide (NO)-mediated [cGMP]i response and the β-adrenoceptor (β-AR)-mediated [cAMP]i response. PDE5 exerted a major role in degrading [cGMP]i produced by the activation of either the soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) elicited by NO or the particulate GCs by the natriuretic peptides, CNP and ANP. By contrast, PDE9 only regulated NO-induced [cGMP]i increase in cultured RASMCs. No cAMP-hydrolyzing activity or function was revealed with the PDE8 inhibitor in RASMCs or cardiac myocytes. In rat cardiomyocytes, PDE1-mediated hydrolyzing activity was only detected on cGMP in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin. Unexpectedly, PDE1 inhibition slightly affected the β-AR-mediated [cAMP]i response by increasing the peak of FRET signal.In conclusion, our work underscores the distinct role of PDE1, PDE5, and PDE9 in locally regulating the [cAMP]i and [cGMP]i, in vascular smooth muscle cells, strengthening the concept of PDEs as key actors of cyclic nucleotide subcellular compartmentation
Tchidjo, Moyo Noël. "Architecture logicielle et méthodologie de conception embarquée sous contraintes temps réel pour la radio logicielle." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603708.
Full textMehel, Hind. "Rôle et régulation de la phosphodiestérase de type 2 dans l’insuffisance cardiaque." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114831/document.
Full textCyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) are critical second messengers for the regulation of cardiac function. Their levels are regulated by adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, respectively, and by cyclic nucleotides phosphodiesterases (PDEs). However, such regulation is altered in heart failure (HF). Indeed diminished cAMP- and augmented cGMP-signaling is characteristic of failing hearts.Among the PDE superfamily, PDE2 has the unique property to be stimulated by cGMP, thus leading to a remarkable increase in cAMP hydrolysis. This appears to mediate a negative cross-talk between cAMP- and cGMP signaling pathways. However, the role of PDE2 in the failing heart is only poorly understood.In this context, we investigated whether myocardial PDE2 is altered in human and experimental HF and determined PDE2 mediated effects on β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) signaling in cardiomyocytes. Using immunoblotting, radioenzymatic- and FRET-based assays, video-edge-detection, epifluorescent microscopy and L-type Ca2+ current measurements, performed in myocardial tissues and/or isolated cardiomyocytes from human and/or experimental HF, respectively, we showed that PDE2 is markedly upregulated in failing hearts. This reduces the effect of an acute β-adrenergic stimulation, and contributes to the β-adrenergic desensitization which is a characteristic feature in HF. Accordingly, PDE2 overexpression in healthy cardiomyocytes reduced the rise in cAMP levels and ICa,L amplitude and abolished the inotropic effect following acute β-AR stimulation, without affecting basal contractility. Importantly, PDE2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes showed marked protection from norepinephrine-induced hypertrophic responses and from isoproterenol-induced arrhythmias.In conclusion, this work highlights the alteration of PDE2 in HF and lets us assume that PDE2 upregulation in HF may constitute an important defence mechanism during cardiac stress, e.g. by antagonizing excessive β-AR drive. Thus, activating myocardial PDE2 may represent a novel intracellular anti-adrenergic therapeutic strategy in HF
Avet, Charlotte. "Étude des mécanismes contrôlant l'efficacité et la spécificité de la signalisation du récepteur de la GnRH : identification et rôle de la protéine partenaire SET." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T091.
Full textReproductive function is under the control of the hypothalamic neurohormone GnRH, which regulates the synthesis and the release of pituitary gonadotropins. GnRH acts on a G-protein coupled receptor expressed at the surface of pituitary gonadotrope cells, the GnRH receptor (GnRHR). This receptor, in mammals, is unique because it is devoided of the C terminal tail, which makes it insensitive to classical desensitization processes. Therefore, the mechanisms that regulate the efficacy and the specificity of its signaling are still poorly known. We searched for interacting partners of GnRHR with the idea that these proteins by interacting with the intracellular domains of the receptor could influence receptor coupling to its signaling pathways. Our work identified the first interacting partner of GnRHR: the protein SET. By GST pull down assays, we showed that SET interacts directly with GnRHR through the first intracellular loop of the receptor. This interaction involves sequences enriched in basic amino acids in the receptor and both N- and C terminal domains of SET. We also showed, by co-immunoprecipitation, that GnRHR in its native conformation interacts with the endogenous SET protein in gonadotrope alphaT3-1 cells and, by immunocytochemistry that the two proteins colocalize at the plasma membrane. By developing in the laboratory biosensors tools that allow to measure with high sensitivity and in real-time intracellular variations in calcium and cAMP concentrations, we demonstrated that GnRHR couples not only to the calcium pathway but also to the cAMP pathway in alphaT3-1 cell line, providing for cAMP the first demonstration of such coupling. Using several experimental strategies to reduce or increase receptor interaction with SET (small interfering RNA, peptide corresponding to the first intracellular loop of the receptor, overexpression of SET), we have shown that SET induces a switch of GnRHR signaling from calcium to cAMP pathway. Our results concerning the activity of the Gnrhr gene promoter led us to postulate that SET could favor the induction by GnRH of genes regulated through the cAMP pathway, notably those encoding the GnRHR. Our study also showed that GnRH regulates not only SET protein expression in gonadotropes, but also its phosphorylation level leading to its relocation in the cytoplasm of alphaT3-1 cells. This suggests that GnRH induces a regulatory loop to amplify SET action on signaling of its own receptor. Finally, we demonstrated that SET expression is markedly increased in the pituitary gland at prœstrus in female rats, providing the first demonstration of a variation of SET expression in a physiological context. Given that GnRHR coupling to the cAMP pathway is increased at prœstrus, our results suggest that SET may play an important role in vivo by promoting such coupling at this particular stage of the estrus cycle
Rabilotta, Alexia. "Régulation de la division asymétrique chez C. elegans." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13527.
Full text