Academic literature on the topic 'GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching)'
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Journal articles on the topic "GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching)"
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Zhang, Ning, and Mao Chang Ge. "WDM Node Structure with GMPLS Technology in Optical Transport Networks." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1483.
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With the rapid development of optical network technology, a thing worth noting is the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) technology in optical network has been more used, mainly in auto-switching transmission network. GMPLS is an advanced protocol which is essential for managing a diverse and complex networks, GMPLS has caused technical challenges in its deployment in optical networks. In this paper, we analyze the evolution to optical network, and discuss the GMPLS technology and its applications. GMPLS will become the important protocol in future optical network.
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Chen, Kai-Sheng. "Label Stacking Scenarios in Hybrid Wavelength and Code-Switched GMPLS Networks." Electronics 7, no. 10 (2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100251.
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Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is a promising solution to implement high-speed internet protocol (IP) networks by reducing the layer number. To meet the increasing demand for data traffic, optical packet switching (OPS) is integrated under IP to provide high bandwidth to end users. Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) is perfectly compatible with the routing algorithm in IP/MPLS as it supports packet-switching functions. In this paper, we investigate the label stacking scenarios in GMPLS networks. In GMPLS, label stacking is done to reduce the node complexity by appending multiple labels to a single packet. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiplexing (OCDM) signals have been widely used as identifying labels. As the labels can be permutated among the wavelengths or code dimensions, the structure of a label stack can be varied. However, studies on the relationship between label stacking scenarios and network performance are limited. To investigate this issue, we propose three label stacking models: sequential code distribution; sequential wavelength distribution, and random label distribution. The simulation results show that the sequential wavelength assignment, wherein the labels are uniformly distributed among the wavelengths, exhibits the best system performance in terms of the label-error rate (LER).
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Chen, Kai-Sheng. "Packet Switching Strategy and Node Architecture of Extended Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Labels in GMPLS Networks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071513.
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We present packet switching applications based on extended spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) labels in generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) networks. The proposed approach combines the advantages of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA). The extended SAC labels preserve the orthogonal property to avoid the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) shown at the decoder. We investigate the node architecture of label generation/recognition based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Combining cyclic-shifted maximal length sequence (MLS) codes with the wavelength routed property of AWG simplifies the node structure. The simulation results show that the proposed labels achieve good performances against receiver noise due to the low average cross-correlation values. Under a given bit-error-rate (BER), the switching efficiency of the extended SAC labels outperforms the previous OCDMA schemes, as the network nodes are capable of processing a large number of labels simultaneously.
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Chen, Kai-Sheng, and Wien Hong. "Multi-Level Buffering Services Based on Optical Packet Encoding of Composite Maximal-Length Sequences in a GMPLS Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030730.
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Generalized multi-protocol label-switching (GMPLS) provides packet-switching with multiple speeds and quality-of-services (QoSs). Packet buffering in GMPLS reduces packet loss by resolving the conflicts between packets requesting for a common channel. Presently, due to the diversity of multimedia applications, enabling multiple services in networks has become necessary. In this paper, a family of codes known as composite maximal-length sequence (CMLS) codes is introduced into an optical buffering scheme based on code-switching. A given number of available CMLS codes is divided into several code subsets. The buffer selects an unused CMLS code from a code subset and assigns it to the incoming packet. When all codes in a specific subset have been distributed to the queued packets, a free CMLS code in another subset is chosen for the new arrival. To achieve multi-level buffering services, the partition scenario with a lower subset number but with a higher number of codes in an individual subset is used as a code-assigning method for buffering high-QoS users. A two-level buffering system is demonstrated by examining the QoS of each class in terms of packet-dropping probability (PDP). The results show that different levels of PDPs can be effectively supported by a common buffer architecture.
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Khalil, Abeer Twakol, A. I. Abdel-Fatah, and Hesham Ali Sakr. "Rapidly IPv6 multimedia management schemes based LTE-A wireless networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3077-3089.
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Ensuring the best quality of smart multimedia services becomes an essential goal for modern enterprises so there is always a need for effective IP mobility smart management schemes in order to fulfill the following two main functions: (I) interconnecting the moving terminals around the extended indoor smart services. In addition, (II) providing session continuity for instant data transfer in real-time and multimedia applications with negligible latency, efficient bandwidth utilization, and improved reliability. In this context, it found out that the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) over LTE-A network that offers many advanced services for large numbers of users with higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency. In GMPLS, there is an elimination of the routing searches and choice of routing protocols on every core LTE-A router also it provides the architecture simplicity and increases the scalability. A comparative assessment of three types of IPv6 mobility management schemes over the LTE-A provided by using various types of multimedia. By using OPNET Simulator 17.5, In accordance with these schemes, it was proven that the IPv6-GMPLS scheme is the best choice for the system's operation, in comparison to the IPv6-MPLS and Mobile IPv6 for all multimedia offerings and on the overall network performance.
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Mathur, Tushar, Gokhan Sahin, and Donald R. Ucci. "A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks." Journal of Engineering 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3860685.
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Elastic optical networks (EONs) have emerged to provide higher spectrum efficiency than traditional Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (DWDM) by utilizing enabling technologies such as flexible spectrum grid, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and distance adaptive rate and modulation. The choice of the control-plane is an important consideration when deploying any new technology, especially in optical networks. This paper considers generic distributed and centralized spectrum assignment policies in conjunction with the accompanying connection set-up signaling protocols in EONs. A network simulator for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was developed with Forward Reservation Protocol and Backward Reservation Protocol signaling methods. These signaling techniques are used with the First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The paper discusses control elements (central and distributed architectures) decisions under busy hour and normal network conditions and presents a comprehensive performance analysis of key performance metrics such as connection success rate, connection establishment time, and capacity requirement.
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TAKEDA, T., and A. FARREL. "Latest Trends in Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Standardization." IEICE Transactions on Communications E90-B, no. 8 (2007): 1928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e90-b.8.1928.
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Brewka, Lukasz, Anders Gavler, Henrik Wessing, and Lars Dittmann. "Including 10-Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network under End-to-End Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Provisioned Quality of Service." Fiber and Integrated Optics 31, no. 2 (2012): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2012.659330.
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Qin, Panke, Jiawei Wang, and Jingru Wu. "RSVP-TE Bilateral-Recursive Region Re-Routing Crankback Mechanism for Large-Scale Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications, April 25, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0025.
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AbstractCloud computing services and real-time Internet applications have spawned a large variety of potential requirements for quality of service (QoS), especially the latency and connection setup time. However, with the optical networks develop toward to larger scale, wider coverage and more users access, conventional resource reservation protocol traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) signal hop by hop transmission scheme cannot meet the requirements of these new applications for real-time dynamic services and fast restoration with long propagation delays. This paper proposes a novel RSVP-TE bilateral-recursive region re-routing crankback mechanism (BRCB) base on distributed path computation element (PCE) for generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) optical networks. In this mechanism, the backtracking nodes re-route and update the region routing paths which bypass the crankback and re-routing failure nodes when crankback occurs. It not only reduces the influencing factors of the scale of network, signaling crankback position and frequency to path connection setup time, but also avoids the backtracking of teardown messages.
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Dhawan, Monika, Simranjit Singh, and Amit Wason. "Reduction of Blocking Probability in Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switched Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications, October 29, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0173.
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AbstractThe blocking probability is studied for improving the quality of service of the network. The call blocking model for mode of operation to determine the types of applications suitable for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switched (GMPLS) networks is proposed. The performance of optical network depends upon various parameters such as number of channels, number of sources, traffic intensity which directly affect the blocking probability of the network. A mathematical model of an optical network for blocking probability of cleared calls and holding calls is developed. In the proposed model, blocking probability of the network gets reduced with a large number of servers. The proposed models decrease the blocking probability of the network to a level of 10–40. In addition, the blocking performance for held calls is also analyzed to compare the amount of traffic intensity that can be handled and completed properly with that of the cleared calls probability. The blocking probability is less for cleared calls than that for held calls as more traffic intensity can be handled in case of cleared calls but the chances for call completion increases in case of held calls.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching)"
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Palkopoulou, Eleni. "Homing-Architekturen für Multi-Layer Netze: Netzkosten-Optimierung und Leistungsbewertung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-101633.
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Die schichtenübergreifende Steuerung von Multi-Layer Netzen ermöglicht die Realisierung fortgeschrittener Netzarchitekturen sowie neuartiger Konzepte zur Steigerung der Ausfallsicherheit. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist ein neues ressourcensparendes Konzept zur Kompensation von Core-Router-Ausfallen in IP-Netzen. Core-Router-Ausfälle führen zur Abkopplung der an Ihnen angeschlossenen Zugangsrouter vom Netz. Daher werden die Zugangsrouter üblicherweise mit jeweils zwei oder mehreren verschiedenen Core-Routern verbunden (engl.: dual homing) was jedoch eine Verdoppelung der Anschlusskapazität im IP Netz bedingt. Bei dem neuen Verfahren - Dual Homing mit gemeinsam genutzten Router-Ersatzressourcen (engl.: dual homing with shared backup router resources, DH-SBRR) - erfolgt die Zugangsrouter-Anbindung zum einen zu einem Core-Router des IP-Netzes und zum anderen zu einem Netzelement der darunterliegenden Transportschicht. Damit lassen sich Router-Ersatzressourcen, die im IP-Netz an beliebigen Stellen vorgehalten werden können, uber das Transportnetz an die Stelle eines ausgefallenen Core-Routers schalten. Die Steuerung dieser Ersatzschaltung geschieht über eine schichten übergreifende, d.h. das Transportnetz- und IP-Netz umfassende Control-Plane - beispielsweise auf Basis von GMPLS. Da beim Umschalten der Routerressourcen auch aktuelle Zustände (bspw. Routing-Tabellen) auf die Router-Ersatzressourcen mit übertragen werden müssen, beinhaltet das neue Verfahren auch Konzepte zur Router-Virtualisierung. Zum Vergleich und zur Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit des neuen DH-SBRR Verfahrens werden in der Arbeit verschiedene Zugangsrouter-Homing-Varianten hinsichtlich Netz-Kosten, Netz-Verfügbarkeit, Recovery-Zeit und Netz-Energieverbrauch gegenübergestellt. Als Multi-Layer Netzszenarien werden zum einen IP über WDM und zum anderen IP über OTN (ODU) betrachtet. Zur Bestimmung der minimalen Netz-Kosten ist ein generisches Multi-Layer Netzoptimierungsmodell entwickelt worden, welches bei unterschiedlichen Homing-Architekturen angewendet werden kann. Neben dem Optimierungsmodell zur Netzkostenminimierung wird auch eine Modellvariante zur Minimierung des Energieverbrauchs vorgestellt. Um die Rechenzeit für die Lösung der Optimierungsprobleme zu verringern und damit auch größere Netzszenarien untersuchen zu können bedarf es heuristischer Lösungsverfahren. Im Rahmen der Arbeit ist daher eine neue speziell auf die Multilayer-Optimierungsprobleme zugeschnittene Lösungsheuristik entwickelt worden. Aus der Netzkosten-Optimierung ergibt sich, dass durch den Einsatz von DH-SBBR signifikante Kosteneinsparungen im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Homing-Architekturen realisiert werden können. Änderungen der Verkehrslast, der Kosten der IP-Netzelemente oder der Netztopologie haben keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf dieses Ergebnis. Neben dem Kosten- und Energieeinsparungspotential sind auch die Auswirkungen auf die Netz-Verfügbarkeit und die Recovery-Zeit untersucht worden. Für die Ende-zu-Ende Verfügbarkeit bei Anwendung der verschiedenen Homing-Architekturen Können untere Grenzwerte angegeben werden. Zur Bestimmung der Recovery-Zeit bei Einsatz von DH-SBRR ist ein eigenes analytisches Berechnungsmodell entwickelt und evaluiert worden. Damit kann das DH-SBRR Verfahren zur Einhaltung vorgegebener Recovery-Zeiten (wie sie für bspw. Für bestimmte Dienste gefordert werden) entsprechend parametriert werden<br>The emergence of multi-layer networking capabilities opens the path for the development of advanced network architectures and resilience concepts. In this dissertation we propose a novel resource-efficient homing scheme: dual homing with shared backup router resources. The proposed scheme realizes shared router-level redundancy, enabled by the emergence of control plane architectures such as generalized multi-protocol label switching. Additionally, virtualization schemes complement the proposed architecture. Different homing architectures are examined and compared under the prism of cost, availability, recovery time and energy efficiency. Multiple network layers are considered in Internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing as well as Internet protocol over optical data unit settings - leading to the development of multi-layer optimization techniques. A generic multi-layer network design mathematical model, which can be applied to different homing architecture considerations, is developed. The optimization objective can be adapted to either minimizing the cost for network equipment or the power consumption of the network. In order to address potential issues with regard to computational complexity, we develop a novel heuristic approach specifically targeting the proposed architecture. It is shown that significant cost savings can be achieved - even under extreme changes in the traffic demand volume, in the cost for different types of network equipment, as well as in the network topology characteristics. In order to evaluate occurring tradeoffs in terms of performance, we study the effects on availability and recovery time. We proceed to derive lower bounds on end-to-end availability for the different homing architectures. Additionally, an analytical recovery time model is developed and evaluated. We investigate how service-imposed maximum outage requirements have a direct effect on the setting of the proposed architecture
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Kanj, Matthieu. "Intelligent supervision of flexible optical networks." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S138/document.
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Les réseaux optiques dynamiques et flexibles font partie des scénarios d'évolution des réseaux de transport optique. Ceux-ci formeront la base de la nouvelle génération des réseaux optiques de demain et permettront le déploiement efficace des services tel que le Cloud Computing. Cette évolution est destinée à apporter flexibilité et automatisation à la couche optique, mais s'accompagne d'une complexité supplémentaire, notamment au niveau de la gestion et de la commande de cette toute nouvelle génération de réseau. Jusqu'à récemment, les protocoles de routage et de signalisation normalisés ont pris en compte plusieurs paramètres physiques tels que l'information spectrale de la bande passante, le format de modulation, et la régénération optique. Cependant, d'autres paramètres sont encore nécessaires (par exemple, les puissances optiques des liens, le gain des amplificateurs) afin de faire fonctionner efficacement de grands réseaux. Dans ce contexte, il y a un besoin d'étudier les réseaux optiques existants ainsi que les différentes méthodes de prise en compte de la couche photonique dans le plan de contrôle. Le but est d'avoir un réseau optique automatique, flexible et programmable, mais surtout efficace de point de vue économique et opérationnel. L'utilisation de la technologie à grille flexible a un impact sur les réseaux optiques existants, où presque tous les équipements devront être remplacés, ce qui entraînera un coût additionnel pour les opérateurs. Dans ce travail, nous étudions les réseaux optiques actuels et évaluons l'impact de la flexibilité sur les infrastructures existantes. Ensuite, nous identifions plusieurs paramètres optiques à contrôler et proposons des extensions protocolaires afin d'intégrer ces paramètres dans un plan de contrôle GMPLS. De plus, nous développons les algorithmes de routage et de signalisation qui permettent la mise en œuvre d'un plan de contrôle efficace qui répond au besoin de la flexibilité. Enfin, l'ensemble de nos propositions et de nos solutions sont évaluées sur plusieurs topologies réseaux avec des modèles de trafic différents dans le but de valider leur pertinence<br>Dynamic and flexible optical networks are among the evolution scenarios of the optical transport networks. These form the basis of the new generation of optical networks of tomorrow and enable the effective deployment of services such as cloud computing. This evolution is intended to provide flexibility and automation to the optical layer. However, it results in additional complexity, particularly in terms of the management and control of this new network generation. Until recently, the standardized routing and signaling protocols have been taking into account several optical parameters like the spectral bandwidth information, modulation format, and optical regeneration. However, other parameters (e.g., link optical powers, gain of optical amplifiers) are still required in order to efficiently operate large optical networks. In this context, there is a need to study the existing optical networks and the different integration methods of the photonic layer in a control plane. The goal is to get an automatic optical network that is flexible, programmable, and at the same time efficient from an economical and operational perspective. The use of flexible grid technology has an impact on existing optical networks, where almost all the equipment must be replaced, resulting in an additional cost to network operators. In this work, we study the current optical networks and evaluate the impact of flexibility on the existing infrastructures. Then, we identify several physical parameters to be controlled and propose protocol extensions in order to integrate these parameters in the GMPLS control plane. In addition, we develop the routing and signaling algorithms that allow the implementation of an efficient control plane that addresses the need for flexibility. Finally, the set of our proposals and solutions are evaluated on multiple network topologies with different traffic patterns in order to validate their relevance
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Mathur, Tushar. "STUDY OF SPECTRUM ALLOCATION SCHEMES IN GENERALIZED MULTI PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHED CONTROL PLANE ENABLED FLEXI GRID NETWORKS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438339701.
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Palkopoulou, Eleni. "Homing-Architekturen für Multi-Layer Netze: Netzkosten-Optimierung und Leistungsbewertung." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A18770.
Full textAbstract:
Die schichtenübergreifende Steuerung von Multi-Layer Netzen ermöglicht die Realisierung fortgeschrittener Netzarchitekturen sowie neuartiger Konzepte zur Steigerung der Ausfallsicherheit. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist ein neues ressourcensparendes Konzept zur Kompensation von Core-Router-Ausfallen in IP-Netzen. Core-Router-Ausfälle führen zur Abkopplung der an Ihnen angeschlossenen Zugangsrouter vom Netz. Daher werden die Zugangsrouter üblicherweise mit jeweils zwei oder mehreren verschiedenen Core-Routern verbunden (engl.: dual homing) was jedoch eine Verdoppelung der Anschlusskapazität im IP Netz bedingt. Bei dem neuen Verfahren - Dual Homing mit gemeinsam genutzten Router-Ersatzressourcen (engl.: dual homing with shared backup router resources, DH-SBRR) - erfolgt die Zugangsrouter-Anbindung zum einen zu einem Core-Router des IP-Netzes und zum anderen zu einem Netzelement der darunterliegenden Transportschicht. Damit lassen sich Router-Ersatzressourcen, die im IP-Netz an beliebigen Stellen vorgehalten werden können, uber das Transportnetz an die Stelle eines ausgefallenen Core-Routers schalten. Die Steuerung dieser Ersatzschaltung geschieht über eine schichten übergreifende, d.h. das Transportnetz- und IP-Netz umfassende Control-Plane - beispielsweise auf Basis von GMPLS. Da beim Umschalten der Routerressourcen auch aktuelle Zustände (bspw. Routing-Tabellen) auf die Router-Ersatzressourcen mit übertragen werden müssen, beinhaltet das neue Verfahren auch Konzepte zur Router-Virtualisierung.
Zum Vergleich und zur Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit des neuen DH-SBRR Verfahrens werden in der Arbeit verschiedene Zugangsrouter-Homing-Varianten hinsichtlich Netz-Kosten, Netz-Verfügbarkeit, Recovery-Zeit und Netz-Energieverbrauch gegenübergestellt. Als Multi-Layer Netzszenarien werden zum einen IP über WDM und zum anderen IP über OTN (ODU) betrachtet.
Zur Bestimmung der minimalen Netz-Kosten ist ein generisches Multi-Layer Netzoptimierungsmodell entwickelt worden, welches bei unterschiedlichen Homing-Architekturen angewendet werden kann. Neben dem Optimierungsmodell zur Netzkostenminimierung wird auch eine Modellvariante zur Minimierung des Energieverbrauchs vorgestellt. Um die Rechenzeit für die Lösung der Optimierungsprobleme zu verringern und damit auch größere Netzszenarien untersuchen zu können bedarf es heuristischer Lösungsverfahren. Im Rahmen der Arbeit ist daher eine neue speziell auf die Multilayer-Optimierungsprobleme zugeschnittene Lösungsheuristik entwickelt worden.
Aus der Netzkosten-Optimierung ergibt sich, dass durch den Einsatz von DH-SBBR signifikante Kosteneinsparungen im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Homing-Architekturen realisiert werden können. Änderungen der Verkehrslast, der Kosten der IP-Netzelemente oder der Netztopologie haben keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf dieses Ergebnis.
Neben dem Kosten- und Energieeinsparungspotential sind auch die Auswirkungen auf die Netz-Verfügbarkeit und die Recovery-Zeit untersucht worden. Für die Ende-zu-Ende Verfügbarkeit bei Anwendung der verschiedenen Homing-Architekturen Können untere Grenzwerte angegeben werden. Zur Bestimmung der Recovery-Zeit bei Einsatz von DH-SBRR ist ein eigenes analytisches Berechnungsmodell entwickelt und evaluiert worden. Damit kann das DH-SBRR Verfahren zur Einhaltung vorgegebener Recovery-Zeiten (wie sie für bspw. Für bestimmte Dienste gefordert werden) entsprechend parametriert werden.<br>The emergence of multi-layer networking capabilities opens the path for the development of advanced network architectures and resilience concepts. In this dissertation we propose a novel resource-efficient homing scheme: dual homing with shared backup router resources. The proposed scheme realizes shared router-level redundancy, enabled by the emergence of control plane architectures such as generalized multi-protocol label switching. Additionally, virtualization schemes complement the proposed architecture. Different homing architectures are examined and compared under the prism of cost, availability, recovery time and energy efficiency. Multiple network layers are considered in Internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing as well as Internet protocol over optical data unit settings - leading to the development of multi-layer optimization techniques.
A generic multi-layer network design mathematical model, which can be applied to different homing architecture considerations, is developed. The optimization objective can be adapted to either minimizing the cost for network equipment or the power consumption of the network. In order to address potential issues with regard to computational complexity, we develop a novel heuristic approach specifically targeting the proposed architecture. It is shown that significant cost savings can be achieved - even under extreme changes in the traffic demand volume, in the cost for different types of network equipment, as well as in the network topology characteristics.
In order to evaluate occurring tradeoffs in terms of performance, we study the effects on availability and recovery time. We proceed to derive lower bounds on end-to-end availability for the different homing architectures. Additionally, an analytical recovery time model is developed and evaluated. We investigate how service-imposed maximum outage requirements have a direct effect on the setting of the proposed architecture.
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Kai-ShengChen and 陳楷升. "Investigation of Spectral-Amplitude Coding Labels for Packet-Switching Applications over Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Network." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fa9e72.
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博士<br>國立成功大學<br>電腦與通信工程研究所<br>105<br>Internet protocol (IP) is the most widely used protocol for high-bandwidth data transmission and it has been thought as a solution to provide different high-quality services in the future. As the internet traffic increases rapidly, the network size is extended. Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is proposed to reduce the IP processing time because only label is processed during the packet transmission between nodes. Although MPLS partially releases the burden of IP network, packet routing still faces a bottleneck when the number of users is large. Optical packet switching (OPS) overcomes this difficulty by simplifying several layers into IP over optical network.
To implement MPLS over optical work, optical codes (OC) are used as labels for packet switching in Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) network. Among several label approaches, spectral amplitude coding (SAC) lowers system complexity and is compatible with label stacking. The label of an optical pocket is composed by different wavelength components, which are encoded according to a signature code pattern. However, due to the incoherent property of light source, the phase intensity induced noise (PIIN) appears at the forwarding node when the optical code label is de-coded. PIIN cannot simply removed by increasing the signal power because its value is proportional to the detected optical current. Therefore, we design three optical code labelling (OCL) scenarios, to increase the probability of correctly decoding the label in core nodes (CNs). Since the packet is sent to the appropriate path, the label error rate (LER) at edge node (EN) is decreased.
In the first approach, stuffed quadratic congruence code (SQC code) is proposed for optical label implementing. Because of its low cross-correlation value, the effect of PIIN can be decreased significantly. If the label can be decoded correctly, the forward node would generate proper control signal to direct the packet to a suitable path. This reduces the probability of packet missing and lowers the value of LER when optical packet is de-modulated at the end node. For the case of label stacking, labels with SQC codes can provide greater system improvements. To meet practical applications, the relation between SAC-labels and optical MPLS network performance is also analyzed in this dissertation by numerical simulation.
In the second approach, a hybrid label for optical packet switching in GMPLS network is proposed by combining SAC optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The author considers two label assignment scenarios. Hybrid labels are sequentially assigned to path segments in a label switching path (LSP) based on code index or wavelength index. LER performance of these two label assignment scenarios are also analyzed. Better LER results is achieved by sequential wavelength assignment, due to the similar label numbers among wavelengths. Furthermore, the optimal channel number is derived to minimize the LER under a specific number of stacked labels.
In the final approach, bipolar OCL is employed in GMPLS network to improve the efficiency of label-recognition and network throughput. Label switching capabilities in LER is greatly reduced since the proposed bipolar OCL enlarges the Hamming distance of the star diagram of the decoded label signals. The proposed label mapping mechanism is also achieved through SAC in physical layer. In performance analysis, a numerical simulation of LER is presented to quantify the switching efficiency. Results show the proposed bipolar coding technique reduces LER in switching process, resulting in an extension of LSP in GMPLS core network.
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Chen, Chang. "An Optimization Method Design Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Routing With Intelligent Multipurpose Genetic Algorithms." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-2901200700003600.
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Chang, Chen, and 張錚. "An Optimization Method Design Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching Routing With Intelligent Multipurpose Genetic Algorithms." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05062781947487235977.
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博士<br>元智大學<br>電機工程學系<br>95<br>As a cutting-edge high-speed network communication technique, GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) plays a role of conversion and interface in various network communication hardware and optical communications, allowing different network hardware systems to be connected with one another and co-exist in a single network system. The progress in optical techniques facilitates the skyrocketing demands for optical networks in urban network. At present, the most significant challenge in digital services is the integration of Internet protocol (IP) and optical layers, which will be the core for the next expansion of Internet. GMPLS has greatly improved the difficulties of IP-based networks used currently. The traffic engineering improvement in it automatically creates IP tunnels, as well as crosses the transmission platform of the 2nd layer transmission of ATM and that of the 3rd layer transmission of IP, simplifying the management of networks and reducing system complexity. However, the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) technique used in GMPLS adopts the Dijkstra''s Algorithm to obtain the Shortest Path Tree needed for network communications and to transmit packets. Yet, this way is unable to handle the actual dynamic conditions and situations in network, which does not place the path at the optimal status, as well as results in partial network congestion. This dissertation investigates the algorithms for GMPLS routing and proposes Genetic Algorithms (GAs) architecture to replace to current OSPF algorithm. The application of Genetic Algorithms, with their genetic characteristics and the ability of self-evolution, is not only applied to GMPLS routing, traffic management and routing algorithm, but also provides better QoS (Quality of Service), allowing improvement of aggressiveness and progressiveness in the ability of GMPLS transmission in path selection, while enabling high-speed optical networks to provide the optimized performance。
Book chapters on the topic "GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching)"
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Medeiros, M. C. R., and N. S. C. Correia. "Survivability Mechanisms of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching." In Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-993-9.ch083.
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Internet protocol (IP) over optical (IP-over-optical) networks is the widely accepted solution to meet the ever increasing demands of IP traffic. In an IP-over-optical network, the IP routers are attached to an optical core network, composed by optical cross-connects (OXC) that are interconnected by dynamically established optical wavelength channels called lighpaths (Rajagopalan, Pendarakis, Saha, Ramamoorthy, & Bala, 2000). To control such lightpaths in a dynamic, efficient, and realtime manner, generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) based control plane has been proposed by the Internet engineering task force (IETF) in the RFC 3945 edited by Mannie (2003).
Conference papers on the topic "GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching)"
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Papadimitriou, Dimitri, Bela Berde, Ricardo Martinez, Javier Ordas, Remi Theillaud, and Sofie Verbrugge. "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Unified Control Plane Validation." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2006.255190.
Full textReports on the topic "GMPLS (Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching)"
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Mannie, E., ed. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture. RFC Editor, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3945.
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Lang, J., B. Rajagopalan, and D. Papadimitriou, eds. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Recovery Functional Specification. RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4426.
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Berger, L., ed. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description. RFC Editor, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3471.
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Kompella, K., and Y. Rekhter, eds. Routing Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). RFC Editor, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4202.
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Kompella, K., and Y. Rekhter, eds. OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). RFC Editor, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4203.
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Kompella, K., and Y. Rekhter, eds. IS-IS Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). RFC Editor, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5307.
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Mannie, E., and D. Papadimitriou, eds. Recovery (Protection and Restoration) Terminology for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). RFC Editor, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4427.
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Ashwood-Smith, P., and L. Berger, eds. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Extensions. RFC Editor, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3472.
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Kompella, K., and Y. Rekhter. Label Switched Paths (LSP) Hierarchy with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE). RFC Editor, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4206.
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Berger, L., ed. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions. RFC Editor, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3473.
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