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1

Zharkov, Maksim, Konstantin Veremeenko, Ivan Kuznetsov, and Andrei Pronkin. "Global Navigation Satellite System Spoofing Detection in Inertial Satellite Navigation Systems." Inventions 8, no. 6 (2023): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060158.

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The susceptibility of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) to interference significantly limits the possibility of their use. From the standpoint of possible consequences, the most dangerous interference is the so-called spoofing. Simultaneously, in most cases of GNSS use, an inertial navigation system (INS) or an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) is also present on the board of mobile objects. In this regard, the research goal is to assess the possibility of detecting GNSS spoofing in inertial satellite navigation systems. This paper examines the method for detecting GNSS sp
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Demyanov, Vladislav, and Yury Yasyukevich. "Space weather: risk factors for Global Navigation Satellite Systems." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 7, no. 2 (2021): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-72202104.

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Extreme space weather events affect the stability and quality of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) of the second generation (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou/Compass) and GNSS augmentation. We review the theory about mechanisms behind the impact of geomagnetic storms, ionospheric irregularities, and powerful solar radio bursts on the GNSS user segment. We also summarize experimental observations of the space weather effects on GNSS performance in 2000–2020 to confirm the theory. We analyze the probability of failures in measurements of radio navigation parameters, decrease in positio
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3

Krüger, G., R. Springer, and W. Lechner. "Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 11, no. 1 (1994): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1699(94)90049-3.

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4

Yasyukevich, Yury V., Baocheng Zhang, and Venkata Ratnam Devanaboyina. "Advances in GNSS Positioning and GNSS Remote Sensing." Sensors 24, no. 4 (2024): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041200.

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Scientists and engineers use data utilize global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) for a multitude of tasks: autonomous navigation, transport monitoring, construction, GNSS reflectometry, GNSS ionosphere monitoring, etc [...]
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Liu, Congliang, Yueqiang Sun, Weihua Bai, et al. "Effect of Multiple GNSS Integration on the Number and Spatiotemporal Coverage of Radio Occultation Events." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (2022): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050654.

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The development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and multi-system compatible radio occultation (RO) techniques provides favorable conditions and opportunities for increasing the number of occultation events and improving their spatiotemporal coverage. The performance of the multiple GNSS RO event number, spatiotemporal coverage, and uniformity need assessments by robust and functional approaches. Firstly, a simulation system of RO events, which took the orbit perturbations into account, was established, and the concepts of global coverage fraction and uniformity of RO events were
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6

S, Arun. "GIS and GNSS Integration Techniques for Earth Observations." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 7 (2024): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63584.

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Abstract: The term "GNSS," or global navigation satellite system, refers to any satellite navigation system with global coverage. To determine your current location, GNSS devices and receivers employ geolocation information from satellite navigation systems. Trilateration is the basis for how navigation satellites operate. An object's position on the spheroid is defined by its latitude, longitude, and altitude above mean sea level. Today, the utilisation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology is required for a wide range of uses, including engineering, cities, and defence. Ge
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Dimov, Stojce Ilcev. "Architecture of the global navigation satellite system for maritime applications." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 18, no. 3 (2020): 1600–1609. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i3.15640.

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This paper introduces architecture of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) networks in the function of the maritime space communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) for enhanced navigation and positioning of vessels deploying passive, active and hybrid global determination satellite systems (GDSS) networks. These GNSS networks have to enhance safety and control oceangoing ships in navigation across the ocean and inland waters, to improve logistics and freight of goods, security of crew and passengers onboard ships. The maritime GNSS networks integrated with geostationary earth
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8

Demyanov, Vladislav, and Yury Yasyukevich. "Space weather: risk factors for Global Navigation Satellite Systems." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 7, no. 2 (2021): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-72202104.

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Extreme space weather events affect the stability and quality of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) of the second generation (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou/Compass) and GNSS augmentation. We review the theory about mechanisms behind the impact of geomagnetic storms, ionospheric irregularities, and powerful solar radio bursts on the GNSS user segment. We also summarize experimental observations of the space weather effects on GNSS performance in 2000–2020 to confirm the theory. We analyze the probability of failures in measurements of radio navigation parameters, decrease in positio
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9

Yu, Xuyang, Zhiming Guo, and Liaoni Wu. "Research on Multi-Source Data Fusion and Satellite Selection Algorithm Optimization in Tightly Coupled GNSS/INS Navigation Systems." Remote Sensing 16, no. 15 (2024): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16152804.

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With the increase in the number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites and their operating frequencies, richer observation data are provided for the tightly coupled Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System (GNSS/INS). In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust combined navigation scheme to address the key issues of system accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency. The tightly combined system fuses multi-source data such as the pseudo-range, the pseudo-range rate, and dual-antenna observations from the GNSS and the horizontal attitude angle
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10

Kubáč, Tomáš, and Jakub Hospodka. "Assessment of the Implementation of GNSS into Gliding." MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development 5, no. 4 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mad.2017.04.01.

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Global navigation satellite systems are increasingly part of our lives and many industries including aviation. Glider flying is no exception in this trend. Global navigation satellite systems were part of gliding since the early 1990s. First as official recording devices for simple evidence of sporting performances, then as navigation systems, anti-collision systems and emergency location transmitters. Development of recording application was initiated and supported by International Gliding Commission of World Air Sports Federation in way of certifications for flight recorders. The use of navi
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11

Haddadi Amlashi, H., F. Samadzadegan, F. Dadrass Javan, and M. Savadkouhi. "COMPARING THE ACCURACY OF GNSS POSITIONING VARIANTS FOR UAV BASED 3D MAP GENERATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-443-2020.

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Abstract. GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System and is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage. The advantage of having access to multiple satellites is accuracy, redundancy, and availability at all the times. Though satellite systems do not often fail, if one fails GNSS receivers can pick up signals from other systems. If the line of sight is obstructed, having access to multiple satellites is also a benefit. GPS (Global Positioning System, USA), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System, Ru
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12

Hernando-Ramiro, Carlos, Óscar Gamallo-Palomares, Javier Junquera-Sánchez, and José Antonio Gómez-Sánchez. "Time to First Fix Robustness of Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Comparison Study." Sensors 25, no. 5 (2025): 1599. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051599.

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The time to first fix (TTFF) measures the time elapsed by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver from switch-on to provision of a navigation solution. This parameter is crucial for applications where a position, within an acceptable error, is needed as soon as possible after turning the device on. The quality of the TTFF depends mainly on the receiver, the environment, and the GNSS satellites employed. Although all four available GNSSs (BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS) are complementary, their constellations and signals differ, providing different TTFF performances. This become
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13

Stryhun, V., R. Barvinok, O. Bilous, and V. Tolmachov. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR TESTING OF NAVIGATION USER EQUIPMENT OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS USING A NAVIGATION SIGNAL SIMULATOR." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.6.2020.11.

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Satellite navigation technologies are widely used around the world. Existing systems are constantly being upgraded, new satellites are being launched, satellite signals are being improved, military signals that are more resistant to interference are being gated in, ground-based navigation systems are being deployed, and the characteristics of GNSS user equipment are being improved.
 The effectiveness of GNSS user equipment is influenced by many different factors - from its internal circuit to the signal transmission medium where it is used. Testing of GNSS equipment consists in characteri
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MACIUK, Kamil, and Yuriy RUDYK. "Usage of the global navigation satellite systems in safety and protection issues." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 109 (December 1, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2020.109.9.

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Currently, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) play a key role in the broad field of security and human life. In principle, almost every area of human activity (for example, mining, energy or construction) systems related to saving human life are introduced. Generally, satellite navigation is an indispensable element of this type of systems. In this paper, authors present basic principles of the GNSS operation and the current state of knowledge about usage of the global navigation satellite systems in the area of safety, protection and rescue issues.
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15

Cui, Haomeng, and Shoujian Zhang. "Satellite Availability and Service Performance Evaluation for Next-Generation GNSS, RNSS and LEO Augmentation Constellation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (2021): 3698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183698.

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Positioning accuracy is affected by the combined effect of user range errors and the geometric distribution of satellites. Dilution of precision (DOP) is defined as the geometric strength of visible satellites. DOP is calculated based on the satellite broadcast or precise ephemerides. However, because the modernization program of next-generation navigation satellite systems is still under construction, there is a lack of real ephemerides to assess the performance of next-generation constellations. Without requiring real ephemerides, we describe a method to estimate satellite visibility and DOP
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16

Krishna Samalla and P. Naveen Kumar. "Global Navigation Satellite System in the Civil Surveillance." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v4i1.100.

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In the contemporary landscape dominated by widespread Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) usage for various navigational applications across aerial and terrestrial domains, route determination efficiency is increasingly reliant on the accuracy of inputs derived from GNSS, primarily facilitated by GPS and associated modules. However, the rising occurrence of spoofing mechanisms has introduced distortions in this realm, necessitating thorough examination. The discernible impact of GNSS signals on seamless navigation underscores their pivotal role in precise path determination. Yet, sophis
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17

Bhardwaj, Ashutosh. "Terrestrial and Satellite-Based Positioning and Navigation Systems—A Review with a Regional and Global Perspective." Engineering Proceedings 2, no. 1 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08262.

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Satellite-based navigation techniques have revolutionized modern-day surveying with unprecedented accuracies along with the traditional and terrestrial-based navigation techniques. However, the satellite-based techniques gain popularity due to their ease and availability. The position and attitude sensors mounted on satellites, aerial, and ground-based platforms as well as different types of equipment play a vital role in remote sensing providing navigation and data. The presented review in this paper describes the terrestrial (LORAN-C, Omega, Alpha, Chayka) and satellite-based systems with th
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18

Han, Yi, Jia Luo, and Xiaohua Xu. "On the Constellation Design of Multi-GNSS Reflectometry Mission Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (2019): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120807.

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Due to the great success of the CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission, the follow-on GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) missions are being planned. In the perceivable future, signal sources for GNSS-R missions can originate from multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) including Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo, GLONASS, and BeiDou. On the other hand, to facilitate the operational capability for sensing ocean, land, and ice features globally, multi-satellite low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations with global coverage and high spatio-temporal resolutions should
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Yang, Chaoqun, Bo Zang, Bowen Gu, et al. "Doppler Positioning of Dynamic Targets with Unknown LEO Satellite Signals." Electronics 12, no. 11 (2023): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112392.

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A new concept of global navigation based on Doppler measurements from a large low Earth orbit (LEO) constellation is investigated that has potential to serve as a complement or backup to global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) to provide navigation and positioning services in GNSS denial environments. In this work, we investigate the potential of LEO communication satellite opportunity signals in dynamic navigation, establish LEO satellite Doppler positioning equations, derive the main error sources affecting the Doppler positioning results of a dynamic target, and analyze the impact of ea
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20

Krishna, K. Siva, and D. Venkata Ratnam. "Analysis of differential code biases and inter-system biases for GPS and NavIC satellite constellations." AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering 5, no. 3 (2021): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021011.

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<abstract> <p>Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays an essential role in navigation and geodesy fields for positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. The predominant challenge of multi-GNSS is hardware bias errors such as Differential code Bias (DCB) and Inter System Biases (ISB). The estimation of DCB and ISB are essential for analyzing the GNSS system performance to improve the positional accuracy. Navigation with the Indian Constellation (NavIC) system consists of the entire constellation of seven Geo-Stationary satellites to cater to Position Navigation
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Yin, Cong, Feixiong Huang, Junming Xia, et al. "Soil Moisture Retrieval from Multi-GNSS Reflectometry on FY-3E GNOS-II by Land Cover Classification." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (2023): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041097.

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The reflected GNSS signals at the L-band is significantly advantageous in soil moisture monitoring as they are sensitive to the dielectric properties determined by the volumetric water content of topsoil, and they can penetrate vegetation, except in very dense forests. The Global Navigation satellite system Occultation Sounder (GNOS-II) with a reflectometry technique onboard the Fengyun-3E (FY-3E) satellite, launched on 5 July 2021, is the first mission that can receive reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals from GPS, BeiDou and Galileo systems. This paper presents the soi
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Jin, Shuanggen, Qisheng Wang, and Gino Dardanelli. "A Review on Multi-GNSS for Earth Observation and Emerging Applications." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (2022): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163930.

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has drawn the attention of scientists and users all over the world for its wide-ranging Earth observations and applications. Since the end of May 2022, more than 130 satellites are available for fully global operational satellite navigation systems, such as BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Galileo, GLONASS and GPS, which have been widely used in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), e.g., precise orbit determination and location-based services. Recently, the refracted, reflected, and scattered signals from GNSS can remotely sense the Eart
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Lan, Xiang, Liuying Wang, Jinxing Li, Wangqiang Jiang, and Min Zhang. "Maritime Multiple Moving Target Detection Using Multiple-BDS-Based Radar: Doppler Phase Compensation and Resolution Improvement." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (2021): 4963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13244963.

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With the realization of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) completion, GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) has become increasingly popular due to the advantages of global coverage and the availability of multiple sources in terms of earth remote sensing. This paper analyzes the Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) signal reflection detection of multiple satellites and multiple moving targets under multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems and proposes a series of methods to suppress multiple Doppler phase influences and improve the range detection property. The simulation resu
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Wang, Wei, Cheng Cai Lv, and Xin Li. "Assessment Models and Rules of GNSS Interoperability." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.808.

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interoperability could make use of the information from different navigation satellite systems. To estimate GNSS interoperability at the system level, an innovative assessment algorithm was presented in this paper. First of all, three assessment parameters, namely, Dilution Of Precision (DOP), Navigation Satellite System Precision (NSSP) and Navigation Satellite System Integrity (NSSI) were introduced. Secondly, availability and continuity of the assessment parameters were adopted to quantify the GNSS performance. A further step was then taken to focus
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Aleem KF, Babayo A, and QO Aderoju. "Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and other geospatial tools for various applications." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 5, no. 2 (2022): 067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.5.2.0205.

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Nowadays the Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS) play a fundamental role in many areas as civil aviation, maritime and land navigation and geomatics, owing to the ability to provide worldwide, tridimensional, all-weather position, and velocity and time synchronization. The final product of the Global Navigation Satellite System exercise is the Three - Dimensional coordinates (3D) of the receiving station. These coordinates have been found reliable for most geospatial applications. However, some applications in data management required other information apart from geodetic coordinates. H
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Bong, Jae Hwan, Doyoung Kim, and Seongkyun Jeong. "GNSS performance enhancement using measurement estimation in harsh environment." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0292116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292116.

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Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are commonly used to measure the position and time globally. A GNSS is convenient owing to its ability to measure accurate position relatively without using assistive tools for navigation by comparing with other sensors. Based on these benefits, the applicable area is expanding to commercial and social uses (e.g., vehicle navigation, smart grids, and smartphone apps). In the future, various services and technologies (e.g., the use of autonomous vehicles, unmanned delivery, and industrial field robots), which make Internet of Things (IOT) more active,
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Jin, Shuanggen, Xuyang Meng, Gino Dardanelli, and Yunlong Zhu. "Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System for Earth Observation: Recent Developments and New Progress." Remote Sensing 16, no. 24 (2024): 4800. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244800.

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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has made important progress in Earth observation and applications. With the successful design of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), four global navigation satellite systems are available worldwide, together with Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS. These systems have been widely employed in positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). Furthermore, GNSS refraction, reflection, and scattering signals can remotely sense the Earth’s surface and atmosphere with powerful implications for environmental remote sensing. In this paper, the recent developments
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Zhai, Yawei, Mathieu Joerger, and Boris Pervan. "Fault Exclusion in Multi-Constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 6 (2018): 1281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000383.

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This paper comprehensively investigates the fault exclusion problem in multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In future GNSS, the heightened likelihood of fault detection events will cause more interruptions in the continuity of the navigation operation. The main contribution of this paper is to establish the theoretical basis to quantify the contributions of fault events on continuity risk, therefore allowing us to assess the desired exclusion function performance based on specific continuity requirements. Accordingly, a new real-time exclusion algorithm is developed,
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Liao, Shilong, Zhaoxiang Qi, and Zhenghong Tang. "A Differential Measurement Method for Solving the Ephemeris Observability Issues in Autonomous Navigation." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 6 (2015): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000417.

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The autonomous navigation of navigation and positioning systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) was motivated to improve accuracy and survivability of the navigation function for 180 days without ground contact. These improvements are accomplished by establishing inter-satellite links in the constellation for pseudo-range observations and communications between satellites. But observability issues arise for both ephemeris and clock since the pseudo-range describes only the relative distance between satellites. A differential meas
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Popov, Petrica, Maria Emanuela Mihailov, Lucian Dutu, and Dumitru Andrescu. "Enhancing Maritime Navigation: A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Quality Monitoring System for the North-Western Black Sea." Atmosphere 16, no. 5 (2025): 500. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050500.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are the primary source of information for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in the maritime sector; however, they are vulnerable to unintentional or deliberate interference, such as jamming, spoofing, or meaconing. The continuous monitoring of GNSS signals is crucial for vessels and mobile maritime platforms to ensure the integrity, availability, and accuracy of positioning and navigation services. This monitoring is essential for guaranteeing the safety and security of navigation and contributes to the accurate positioning of vessels and pla
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Ji, Gun-Hoon, Ki-Ho Kwon, and Jong-Hoon Won. "GNSS Signal Availability Analysis in SSV for Geostationary Satellites Utilizing multi-GNSS with First Side Lobe Signal over the Korean Region." Remote Sensing 13, no. 19 (2021): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13193852.

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This paper verifies the applicability of multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) and side lobe signal utilization in Space Service Volume (SSV), especially for Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) missions over the Korean region. Unlike the ground or terrestrial systems, various constraints of space exploration in SSV cause a problem when estimating position using GNSS. This is mainly due to the limit of GNSS signal availability where its dominant variables include altitude, side lobe issues, as well as longitude because of different constellations of several GNSS. The numerical simula
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Farah, A. "Code Single Point Positioning Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)." Artificial Satellites 42, no. 3 (2007): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-008-0007-y.

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Code Single Point Positioning Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have an endless number of applications in industry, science, military, transportation and recreation & sports. Two systems are currently in operation namely GPS (the USA Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (the Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), and a third is planned, the European satellite navigation system GALILEO. The potential performance improvements achievable through combining these systems could be significant and expectations are high. The ne
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Farah, A. "Double-Difference Carrier-Phase Network Solution Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)." Artificial Satellites 43, no. 2 (2008): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-009-0007-6.

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Double-Difference Carrier-Phase Network Solution Using Nominal Gnss Constellations (Future Perception)Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have an endless number of applications in industry, science, military, transportation and recreation & sports. Two systems are currently in operation namely GPS (the USA Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (the Russian GLObal NAvigation Satellite System), and a third is planned, the European satellite navigation system GALILEO. The potential performance improvements achievable through combining these systems could be significant and expectation
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Zhang, Zhetao, Guorui Xiao, Zhixi Nie, Vagner Ferreira, and Giuseppe Casula. "High-Precision and High-Reliability Positioning, Navigation, and Timing: Opportunities and Challenges." Remote Sensing 16, no. 23 (2024): 4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16234403.

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The research scope of the papers published in this Special Issue mainly focuses on high-precision and high-reliability positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) or multi-source sensors, resilient PNT with GNSSs or multi-source sensors in challenging environments, integrated PNT with GNSSs and multi-sensor systems, applications of PNT with GNSSs or multi-source sensors, etc.
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Liubarets, Ihor. "Celestial Navigation as the Emergency GNSS Backup: Enhancing Navigational Reliability." Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, no. 129 (2024): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26408/129.01.

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The development of Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) has revolutionised navigation on ships. GNSS, together with electronic chart display information system (ECDIS), has made navigation more accurate, efficient, and safer for sailors. However GNSS signals can be affected by various factors such as spoofing, jamming, ionospheric disturbances etc., while no backup means of position fixing in the open sea are available on board ships. Over-reliance on GNSS without the development of an alternative backup will jeopardise safe navigation of ships. However, most of the alternatives availa
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Powell, C. E., Christopher S. Ruf, Darren S. McKague, Tianlin Wang, and Anthony Russel. "An Instrument Error Correlation Model for Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry." Remote Sensing 16, no. 5 (2024): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16050742.

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All sensing systems have some inherent error. Often, these errors are systematic, and observations taken within a similar region of space and time can have correlated error structure. However, the data from these systems are frequently assumed to have completely independent and uncorrelated error. This work introduces a correlated error model for GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) using observations from NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS). We validate our model against near-simultaneous observations between two CYGNSS satellites and double-difference our results with modeled o
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Geng, Jianghui, and Maorong Ge. "Editorial for Multi-Constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Methods and Applications." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (2018): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10122023.

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Guan, Meiqian, Tianhe Xu, Min Li, Fan Gao, and Dapeng Mu. "Navigation in GEO, HEO, and Lunar Trajectory Using Multi-GNSS Sidelobe Signals." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (2022): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020318.

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Positioning of spacecraft (e.g., geostationary orbit (GEO), high elliptical orbit (HEO), and lunar trajectory) is crucial for mission completion. Instead of using ground control systems, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) can be an effective approach to provide positioning, navigation and timing service for spacecraft. In 2020, China finished the construction of the third generation of BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3); this global coverage system will contribute better sidelobe signal visibility for spacecraft. Meanwhile, with more than 100 GNSS satellites, multi-GNSS navigati
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Zmysłowski, Dariusz, Michał Kryk, and Jan Kelner. "TESTING GNSS RECEIVER ROBUSTNESS FOR JAMMING." Aviation and Security Issues 4, no. 2 (2023): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55676/asi.v4i2.64.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) providing positioning, navigation and synchronization, has become an important element of modern systems and devices that have a crucial impact on many economy branches and the life of an common person. Literature analysis and reports from recent armed conflicts show that the use of techniques for jamming and spoofing GNSS signals is becoming increasingly. This reduces the level of safety in transport and increases the risk of improper operation of GNSS-based systems, like cellular telephony or bank sector. This paper focuses on the methodology for t
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Szabova, Martina, and Frantisek Duchon. "Survey Of GNSS Coordinates Systems." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 24 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p33.

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The use of satellite positioning systems to determine position in reference frame can introduce serious practical difficulties. The problem can be in the fields of navigation, map revision or cadastral surveying. It arises because in local area the local coordinate system were used. The problem can be solved by transformation between coordinates frame. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) don’t use same reference frame and it is important to know transformation between this systems. This paper works with information of many international organizations and their documents. It contains inf
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Przestrzelski, Paweł, and Mieczysław Bakuła. "Study Of Differential Code GPS/GLONASS Positioning." Annual of Navigation 21, no. 1 (2014): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2015-0010.

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AbstractThis paper presents the essential issues and problems associated with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) code differential positioning simultaneously using observations from at least two independent satellite navigation systems. To this end, two satellite navigation systems were selected: GPS (Global Positioning System, USA) and GLONASS (GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, Russia). The major limitations and methods of their elimination are described, as well as the basic advantages and benefits resulting from the application of the DGNSS (Differential GNSS) position
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Vegni, C., M. Tosti, and A. M. Vegni. "Innovative Radiating Systems for Train Localization in Interference Conditions." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/623950.

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The design of innovative radiating systems based on the metamaterial technology for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) applications in radio frequency (RF) interference conditions is proposed. To this aim, firstly two typical adaptive array techniques (i.e.,nullingandbeam-forming) are discussed and tradeed off. Secondly, FRPA (Fixed Radiation Pattern Antenna) and CRPA (Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna) phased array configurations of miniaturized patch antennas are studied by means of electromagnetic commercial tools and phased array optimization algorithms. This process leads to the
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Timilisina, Sushmita, and Bibek Nepal. "GNSS Practice in Survey Department." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 17, no. 1 (2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v17i1.23009.

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Control Networks for Nepal was originally defined through the use of conventional measurements. Conventional mapping methods have led to a static and inactive networks of control point. This network of control served us very well until the devastating earthquake hit Nepal and disturbed it. Determination of precise ground locations is essential for various tasks such as engineering works, earth observation, location-based technologies, emergency service providers, etc. Global Navigation Satellite System plays a very important role in providing quick and reliable positioning/navigation data. The
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Moret-Tatay, Carmen, Maddalena Boccia, Alice Teghil, and Cecilia Guariglia. "Testing a Model of Human Spatial Navigation Attitudes towards Global Navigation Satellite Systems." Sensors 22, no. 9 (2022): 3470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093470.

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Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) can provide better data quality for different purposes; however, some age groups might lie outside its use. Understanding the barriers to its adoption is of interest in different fields. This work aims at developing a measurement instrument of the adoption attitudes towards this technology and examining the relationship of variables such as age and gender. A UTAUT model was tested on 350 participants. The main results can be summarised as follows: (i) the proposed GNSS scale on human spatial navigation attitudes towards geopositioning technology showe
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Chen, Yongchang, Chuanzhen Sheng, Qingwu Yi, Ran Li, Guangqing Ma, and Jingkui Zhang. "Analysis and improvement of the Bancroft algorithm for GNSS satellite orbit determination." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac4434.

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Abstract Satellite orbit information is crucial for ensuring that global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) provide appropriate positioning, navigation and timing services. Typically, users can obtain access to orbit information of a specific accuracy level from navigation messages or precise ephemeris products. Without this information, a system will not be able to provide normal service. In response to this problem, initial orbit information of a certain level of precision must be obtained to support subsequent applications, such as broadcasting or precise ephemeris calculations, thereby e
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Capuano, Vincenzo, Francesco Basile, Cyril Botteron, and Pierre André Farine. "GNSS-based Orbital Filter for Earth Moon Transfer Orbits." Journal of Navigation 69, no. 4 (2015): 745–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000843.

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Numerous applications, not only Earth-based, but also space-based, have strengthened the interest of the international scientific community in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) as navigation systems for space missions that require good accuracy and low operating costs. Indeed, already successfully used in Low Earth Orbits (LEOs), GNSS-based navigation systems can maximise the autonomy of a spacecraft while reducing the burden and the costs of ground operations. That is why GNSS is also attractive for applications in higher Earth orbits up to the Moon, such as in Moon Transfer O
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Turchyn, O. "Prognostic Model of the State of GNSU Using Big Data Analysis and Neural Networks." COMPUTER-INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRODUCTION, no. 54 (March 27, 2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/6775-2524-0560-2024-54-05.

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This research aims at creation of a prognostic model for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNNS) by combination of big data analysis and refined neural networks. Problem solving comes to the front where we plan to improve the reliability and resiliency of satellite navigation systems with the help of data analytics and using both historical and real-time data. Methodology: Research methodologies cover the integrating of datasets on satellites telemetry, environment and historical system, involving processing and collection of the data systematically. Analyses of Big Data use to reveal hidde
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Krošelj, Boštjan, and Dalibor Igrec. "OVERVIEW OF GNSS SYSTEMS AND THEIR OPERATION." Journal of Energy Technology 15, no. 2 (2023): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.18690/jet.15.2.31-42.2022.

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In this paper, we present the beginnings of navigation and what it was that drove its development forward. We will also present the development of global navigation satellite systems, known as GNSS, as well as all the most important GNSS systems and their development. Finally, the basic operation of such systems and the differences between them will be presented.
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Czaplewski, Krzysztof, and Adam Weintrit. "The Identification of Possible Applications of the E-Loran System." Annual of Navigation 25, no. 1 (2018): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aon-2018-0012.

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AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) more and more affect many areas of human activity in the world. Every day human activity around the world depends upon satellite systems for positioning, navigation and timing. As these systems are commonly used further efforts must be made to make GNSS more immune to on occurring more and more frequently incidents of jamming and spoofing. It seems that eLoran system is currently the best the technical and scientific solution to allowing for effective protection of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Last year the authors presented eLoran
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Snieosikov, O. A., O. P. Nariezhnii, and T. O. Hrinenko. "Models and methods for protecting an autonomous differential correction system for global navigation sat-ellite systems against cyber threats." Radiotekhnika, no. 220 (April 10, 2025): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.30837/rt.2025.1.220.05.

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Ensuring stable, accurate, and secure satellite navigation requires not only investment in cybersecurity systems for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), but also continuous research into emerging cyber threats, as well as finding effective methods to neutralize them, particularly in the post-quantum era. Among the key protection mechanisms, the following should be highlighted: secure signal transmission protocols that prevent data interception and tampering; authentication mechanisms that enable the identification of legitimate satellite signals; anti-spoofing technologies that detect
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