Journal articles: 'Goal definition'

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LIAO, Dongsheng, Fang YANG, and Jingxuan ZHANG. "Unconscious Goal Prime: Definition, Mechanism and Application." Advances in Psychological Science 22, no. 11 (2014): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.01829.

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Wu, Xiu Guo. "Study of Goal-Oriented Migrating Workflow System Based on Mobile Computing Paradigm." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.322.

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Workflow systems provide the automation of business processes where a collection of tasks is organized between participants according to a set of defined rules to accomplish some business goals. However, due to the lack of flexible mechanisms, such as fast changing customer requirements and enterprise goal shifts, a static workflow definition designed at build time is inflexible to meet the complex, dynamic situations that happen at run time. This paper presents a goal- and agent-based migrating workflow model. Structure of goal model in goal-oriented migrating instance and a way how GoMI pursues its goals is presented. A case study on goal-oriented migrating workflow system using the proposed methodology is also illustrated in this paper, The major contribution of this paper includes: (1) a definition of GoMWf model adopted the mobile computing paradigm and a framework of GoMWf; (2) a definition of goal-oriented migrating instance (GoMI) and its architecture based on BDI model; (3) evaluation of goal-based workflow system and process-based workflow system.

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Fainsinger, Robin, Cheryl Nekolaichuk, Lara Fainsinger, Viki Muller, Lisa Fainsinger, Pablo Amigo, Amanda Brisebois, et al. "What is stable pain control? A prospective longitudinal study to assess the clinical value of a personalized pain goal." Palliative Medicine 31, no. 10 (April 24, 2017): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216317701891.

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Background: A universal consensus regarding standardized pain outcomes does not exist. The personalized pain goal has been suggested as a clinically relevant outcome measure. Aim: To assess the feasibility of obtaining a personalized pain goal and to compare a clinically based personalized pain goal definition versus a research-based study definition for stable pain. Design: Prospective longitudinal descriptive study. Measures: The attending physician completed routine assessments, including a personalized pain goal and the Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain, and followed patients daily until stable pain control, death, or discharge. Stable pain for cognitively intact patients was defined as pain intensity less than or equal to desired pain intensity goal (personalized pain goal definition) or pain intensity ⩽3 (Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain study definition) for three consecutive days with <3 breakthroughs per day. Setting/participants: A total of 300 consecutive advanced cancer patients were recruited from two acute care hospitals and a tertiary palliative care unit. Results: In all, 231/300 patients (77%) had a pain syndrome; 169/231 (73%) provided a personalized pain goal, with 113/169 (67%) reporting a personalized pain goal ⩽3 (median = 3, range = 0–10). Using the personalized pain goal definition as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity of the Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain definition were 71.3% and 98.5%, respectively. For mild (0–3), moderate (4–6), and severe (7–10) pain, the highest sensitivity was for moderate pain (90.5%), with high specificity across all three categories (95%–100%). Conclusion: The personalized pain goal is a feasible outcome measure for cognitively intact patients. The Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain definition closely resembles patient-reported personalized pain goals for stable pain and would be appropriate for research purposes. For clinical pain management, it would be important to include the personalized pain goal as standard practice.

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Bastianoni, Simone. "A definition of ‘pollution’ based on thermodynamic goal functions." Ecological Modelling 113, no. 1-3 (November 1998): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(98)00141-0.

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Quesenberry, P. J., and Ludwika Kreja. "Definition of the leukemic stem cell: An achievable goal." STEM CELLS 16, S2 (June 4, 2009): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.5530160811.

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Gethers, Marc, and Dale Thomas. "Utilization of Goal Function Trees for Robust Requirements Definition." INCOSE International Symposium 28, no. 1 (July 2018): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2018.00500.x.

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Moyer, R. Charles, Ramesh P. Rao, and Jean Francois Regnard. "Signalling and Mimicry: The Evidence from Firm Goal Definition." Managerial Finance 22, no. 8 (August 1996): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb018573.

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Briand, L. C., S. Morasca, and V. R. Basili. "An operational process for goal-driven definition of measures." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 28, no. 12 (December 2002): 1106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2002.1158285.

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Klüppel, Hans-Jürgen. "Goal and scope definition and life cycle inventory analysis." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2, no. 1 (March 1997): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02978707.

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Thompson, Ross A. "Emotion dysregulation: A theme in search of definition." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 3 (April 29, 2019): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000282.

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AbstractEmotion dysregulation is defined as patterns of emotional experience or expression that interfere with goal-directed activity. This paper considers this functionalist definition from a developmental perspective with the goal of elaborating this approach with respect to its central questions. What are the goals that are impeded by emotionally dysregulated responding, and what alternative goals might motivate emotion dysregulation? What are the developmental processes by which these goals take shape, and what are the influences of the family context, and especially of central relationships in the family, in their emergence? How does this functionalist account address the complex interaction of experience and developing biological processes that also influence emotion regulation and dysregulation? Drawing on research literature concerning children at risk for affective psychopathology and considering relevant examples of the interaction of biology and context, this discussion offers a portrayal of emotion dysregulation as a biologically dynamic, experience-based aspect of adaptation to environments and relationships that, in conditions of risk for the emergence of developmental psychopathology, motivates patterns of emotional responding that serve immediate coping often at the cost of long-term maladaptation. Implications for emotions theory and the study of developmental psychopathology are also considered.

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Nanay, Bence. "Unconscious goals: Specific or unspecific? The potential harm of the goal/gene analogy." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002124.

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AbstractHuang & Bargh's (H&B's) definition of goals is ambiguous between “specific goals” – the end-state of a token action I am about to perform – and “unspecific goals” – the end-state of an action-type (without specifying how this would be achieved). The analogy with selfish genes pushes the authors towards the former interpretation, but the latter would provide a more robust theoretical framework.

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Kovalеva, V. V. "Definition of the Enactment by Supreme Judicial Institutions." Rossijskoe pravosudie 5 (April 17, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2020.5.26-33.

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Up to the present time there is no legislative definition of the enactment, whereas the quantity of the enactments grows because of the intensification of the law-making, and respectively the number of the law cases about their impeachment increases, so the definition of the enactment, laid down in the Resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation gains a special meaning. The goal of the present research is the analysis of definitions of the enactment, being contained in the acts of supreme judicial institutions in contemporary Russia. To reach this goal the following tasks are to be solved. Firstly, to analyze the Resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court containing definitions of the enactment, which were adopted at different time. Secondly, to find out special aspects of the enactment in given regulations. The undertaken study permitted to come to a conclusion about an evolution of the legal definition of the enactment as a reflexion of the development of post sovjet and contemporary legal system Russia. The legal definition of the enactment is a necessary legal means for the support of a permanent legal regulation process. The author used the materialist dialectic, logical and technical legal methods or the research of the enactment definition.

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Ravindra,, Saranya, and Alexander Miras. "Moving goal posts: Definition of diabetes remission after bariatric surgery." Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Research 2, no. 1 (2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2347-9906.148605.

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Andersson, Birger, Ilia Bider, Paul Johannesson, and Erik Perjons. "Towards a formal definition of goal‐oriented business process patterns." Business Process Management Journal 11, no. 6 (December 2005): 650–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150510630846.

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Jan, Naeem, Kifayat Ullah, Tahir Mahmood, Harish Garg, Bijan Davvaz, Arsham Saeid, and Said Broumi. "Some Root Level Modifications in Interval Valued Fuzzy Graphs and Their Generalizations Including Neutrosophic Graphs." Mathematics 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7010072.

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Fuzzy graphs (FGs) and their generalizations have played an essential role in dealing with real-life problems involving uncertainties. The goal of this article is to show some serious flaws in the existing definitions of several root-level generalized FG structures with the help of some counterexamples. To achieve this, first, we aim to improve the existing definition for interval-valued FG, interval-valued intuitionistic FG and their complements, as these existing definitions are not well-defined; i.e., one can obtain some senseless intervals using the existing definitions. The limitations of the existing definitions and the validity of the new definitions are supported with some examples. It is also observed that the notion of a single-valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG) is not well-defined either. The consequences of the existing definition of SVNG are discussed with the help of examples. A new definition of SVNG is developed, and its improvement is demonstrated with some examples. The definition of an interval-valued neutrosophic graph is also modified due to the shortcomings in the current definition, and the validity of the new definition is proved. An application of proposed work is illustrated through a decision-making problem under the framework of SVNG, and its performance is compared with existing work.

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Shcherbatykh, Vladislav Igorevich. "Vexed questions of legal definition of unfair competition." Право и политика, no. 5 (May 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.5.32971.

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The subject of this research is the legal definition of the concept of “unfair competition” established by the Federal Law “On Protection of Competition”. The goal of this research is to analyze the content of this legal definition, determine its elements, as well as assess the legal definition from the perspective of its unambiguousness and correspondence to the goal of regulation of relations pertaining to protection from unfair competition, including through the analysis of the existing views within the doctrine. The novelty of this research consists in the critical analysis of the existing within legal science approaches towards assessment of legal definition of unfair competition formulated in Russian legislation, as well as postulation of a previously undiscussed problem pertaining to establishment of such sign of unfair competition as possibility of causing losses. The conclusion is made on correspondence of the legal definition of unfair competition in the current legislation to the goals of efficient protection of competition contrary to critical assessments that are prevalent within the doctrine, as well as on the necessity to form a uniform approach of the practice towards proving the possibility of inflicting losses as a sign of unfair competition.

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Wilkins, Stephen, and Laura Rumbley. "What a Branch Campus Is: A Revised Definition." International Higher Education, no. 93 (March 29, 2018): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.0.93.10416.

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Although international branch campuses have become an established part of the cross-border higher education landscape, there is still debate about what an international branch campus actually is. The purpose of this article is to propose a revised definition of “international branch campus” that is clearer and more implementable than existing definitions. To achieve this goal, we considered how the terms “branch” and “campus” are used in business and higher education, and then identified the core features of these campuses.

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Wilkins, Stephen, and Laura Rumbley. "What a Branch Campus Is: A Revised Definition." International Higher Education 2, no. 93 (March 29, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2018.93.10379.

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Although international branch campuses have become an established part of the cross-border higher education landscape, there is still debate about what an international branch campus actually is. The purpose of this article is to propose a revised definition of “international branch campus” that is clearer and more implementable than existing definitions. To achieve this goal, we considered how the terms “branch” and “campus” are used in business and higher education, and then identified the core features of these campuses.

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Sattarova, Nargiz. "TRADE TASKS BETWEEN MANUFACTURERS AND CONSUMERS CONNECTION STATE." INNOVATIONS IN ECONOMY 4, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9491-2021-2-4.

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This article presents the definitions of the concept of trade services by various scientists, the place and role of trade services in all spheres and sectors of society, as well as a new definition of trade services given by the author.If the main goal of the current stage of economic transformation is to create favorable conditions for the effective operation of trade enterprises, then the main goal of the article is an in-depth study of the essence and content of the concept of trade services as an independent economic entity.

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Haavisto, Ira, and Jarrod Goentzel. "Measuring humanitarian supply chain performance in a multi-goal context." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 5, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 300–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2015-0028.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to deepen the understanding of supply chain performance objectives in the humanitarian context by striving to understand the underlying goals and conceptual variables behind the measurement of performance, such as efficiency. Design/methodology/approach – The research is an in-depth case study with one humanitarian organization. The data are gathered with mixed methods over a two-year period. Interviews were conducted in August 2010 and April 2012, and a survey conducted in October 2012. Findings – Misalignments are detected among different groups in humanitarian operations and between their goals and processes. These misalignments could possibly be corrected through long-term thinking in short-term operations by considering sustainability aspects throughout humanitarian assistance, for example. In addition, efficiency was a commonly identified objective in the case organization, although the definition varied widely and extended beyond the traditional definition of productivity to include planning, accountability and quality. Practical implications – Better communication and definition of terms is necessary to align goals and the power hierarchy in humanitarian supply chains, where operations seem to be structured more according to donor requirements then beneficiary needs. Originality/value – This is an in-depth case study, applying goal-setting theory to study supply chain performance. The study further responds to the public “aid efficiency” discussion by striving to recognize how efficiency is understood and how it can be measured in a humanitarian supply chain.

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Smeets, Wim. "Identity and Spiritual Care." Journal of Empirical Theology 25, no. 1 (2012): 22–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157092512x635734.

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AbstractThis article is an empirical study of the attitudes of spiritual caregivers in health care institutions in the Netherlands towards identity and the goals of their profession. Identity can be classified into a personal aspect (definition of oneself in general) and a worldview aspect (attitudes towards life). A distinction is made between an immediate professional goal (communication on worldviews) and an ultimate goal (contribution to spiritual health). We examine the effects of beliefs about identity on professional goals while controlling for relevant population and institutional characteristics. Orientation to the immediate and ultimate goals of spiritual care is influenced mainly by personal identity attitudes and attitudes towards suffering. The relation between identity and its relevance to patients’ health (the ultimate goal of spiritual care) needs further research.

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Becker, Pablo, Guido Tebes, Denis Peppino, and Luis Olsina. "Applying an Improving Strategy that embeds Functional and Non-Functional Requirements Concepts." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16666038.19.e15.

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Organizations should set and reach business goals for varied purposes using the suitable strategies. Basically, a strategy specifies the activities, methods and another related resources that should be considered in order to achieve a given goal purpose. Goal purposes and their associated strategies can aim at evaluating, testing, developing, or maintaining some entity. Some concrete evaluation purposes such as to understand or monitor can be achieved by strategies embracing non-functional requirements definition, measurement, evaluation and analysis activities. Other specific evaluation purposes such as to improve or control also imply changing the target entity; therefore, strategies should embrace functional requirements definition activities as well. Moreover, specific development and maintenance purposes always involve functional requirements. In this work, we relate business and information need goals with functional and non- functional requirements concepts, which are paramount for well-defined strategies. Therefore, we specify vocabularies for them, and illustrate the applicability of an improving strategy –which embeds these concepts- in the context of a running example. Having well-structured vocabularies serving as common ground for diverse strategies may promote a more effective operationalization of projects dealing with evaluation, testing, development and maintenance goal purposes.

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Stoilov, Todor, Krasimira Stoilova, and Miroslav Vladimirov. "Explicit Value at Risk Goal Function in Bi-Level Portfolio Problem for Financial Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042315.

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The mean-variance (MV) portfolio optimization targets higher return for investment period despite the unknown stochastic behavior of the future asset returns. That is why a risk is explicitly considering, quantified by algebraic characteristics of volatilities and co-variances. A new probabilistic definition of portfolio risk is the Value at Risk (VaR). The paper makes explicit inclusion and minimization of VaR as a quantitative measure of financial sustainability of a portfolio problem. Thus, the portfolio weights as problem solutions will respect not only the MV requirements for risk and return, but also the additional minimization of risk defined by VaR level. The portfolio problem is defined in a new, bi-level form. The upper level minimizes and evaluates the VaR value. The lower level evaluates the optimal assets weights by minimizing portfolio risk and maximizing the return in MV form. The bi-level model allows to have extended set of portfolio solutions with the portfolio weights and the value of VaR. Graphical interpretation of this bi-level definition of the portfolio problem explains the differences with the MV portfolio definition. Thus, the bi-level portfolio problem evaluates the optimal weights, which makes maximization of portfolio return and minimization of the risk in its algebraic and probabilistic form of definition.

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Song, Young-Woo, Michael Herzog, and Beate Bender. "Understanding the Initial Requirements Definition in Early Design Phases." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.382.

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AbstractThe definition of initial requirements in the early phase of product development is characterised as a decision process under highest uncertainties. Studies show that projects often deviate from their planned goals or even fail due to ill-defined requirements. Despite the importance and criticality of this task, a detailed description and risk-oriented explanation is missing in the product development literature. The goal of this paper is to develop an explanation model/frame which establishes a link between the development context and an appropriate procedure for the initial requirements definition based on general risk treatment strategies. In a first step, risk-driving context factors with high influence on this task are identified. Then two case studies are compared to analyse the interrelations between their context factors and the applied risk treatment strategies that are implemented in their procedures for defining initial requirements.

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Kochubey, A. V., O. B. Chernyakhovsky, G. E. Salamadina, V. V. Kochubey, and A. K. Burtsev. "Medical Rehabilitation Through the Prism of Legally Approved Definitions." Bulletin of Restorative Medicine 99, no. 5 (October 29, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2020-99-5-19-25.

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As part of an analytical review of federal law “On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”, an attempt was made to distinguish the conceptual independence of medical rehabilitation among categories such as medical care and treatment. The analysis showed that the definition of “treatment” indicates the same goal as for the hierarchically higher category “medical care”. For this reason, the definition of treatment meets the goal of another hierarchically equal category of “medical rehabilitation”. The absence of an ideological difference between the concepts of “treatment” and “medical rehabilitation” raises doubts about the independence of the latter term. The approved definitions of other hierarchically equal categories “prevention”, “diagnostics”, “medical rehabilitation” have their own independent target orientation, cascading with the purpose of providing medical care. Due to the identity of “treatment” and “medical rehabilitation” terms it is impossible to divide them according to objects or methods of exposure. Within the framework of the fixed concepts, treatment and rehabilitation impacts the same objects: structures, functions, and categories of life. There are no differences in the methods of exposure during treatment and medical rehabilitation, i.e. between medical interventions and interventions of a medico-psychological nature, whereas the current definition of “medical intervention” includes manipulations performed by a nonmedical professional, concerning persons’ physical or mental state of and having a rehabilitation orientation. Dividing the concepts of “treatment” and “medical rehabilitation” by subjects responsible for achieving the goal is not enough to distinguish the category of “treatment”. The independence of this category could be emphasized by narrowing the definition of treatment, defining its purpose solely as “elimination or relief of the disease or condition manifestations”. Such a concept meets the boundaries of medical care goal, but refers only to its part, it has its own hierarchy level in the medical care compounds, but it does not occupy the area of “medical rehabilitation” and other hierarchically equal categories.

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Conroy, David E., Andrew J. Elliot, and Scott M. Hofer. "A 2 × 2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport: Evidence for Factorial Invariance, Temporal Stability, and External Validity." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.4.456.

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Achievement goals in sport have traditionally been defined according to the definition of competence alone (i.e., mastery/task, performance/ego). Emerging research and theory from the academic domain indicates that the utility of the achievement goal construct can be enhanced when the valence (i.e., approach, avoidance) of goals is also considered in conjunction with the definition of competence. The present study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of scores for mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals from a measure of achievement goals in sport. The a priori 2 × 2 model fit the data better than any of the plausible alternative models. In a series of longitudinal factorial invariance and latent growth curve analyses, scores for the four subscales exhibited structural invariance, and both differential and latent mean stability over a 21-day period. Achievement goal scores conformed to theoretical predictions regarding their relationship with fear-of-failure scores. The AGQ-S would be an appropriate instrument for future research using the 2 × 2 model of achievement goals in sport, particularly for experimental/intervention research on change processes associated with achievement goals.

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GROSSMAN, PETER Z. "The Four-Decade Quest for an “Energy Independence” Policy: Chasing a Trope Through Time." Journal of Policy History 33, no. 1 (January 2021): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030620000251.

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AbstractSince the presidency of Richard Nixon, policymakers have sought “energy independence” as the goal of energy policy. But that goal, unclear to begin with, has grown more opaque over time. “Energy independence” has meant different things at different times with no clear definition. Nevertheless, the goal is evocative, with symbolism that draws on key narratives from American history. This article argues that the idea of “energy independence” has become a trope and as such a major component of the energy-policy discourse. It describes the shifting (often only apparent) definitions of the trope both in energy-policy rhetoric and in energy legislation, and also explains how the discourse has shifted in recent years due to resource development and the realities of climate change.

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Zimmerman, M., J. N. Galione, I. Chelminski, J. B. McGlinchey, D. Young, K. Dalrymple, C. J. Ruggero, and C. Francione Witt. "A simpler definition of major depressive disorder." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 3 (July 23, 2009): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709990572.

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BackgroundThe DSM-IV symptom criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are somewhat lengthy, with many studies showing that treatment providers have difficulty recalling all nine symptoms. Moreover, the criteria include somatic symptoms that are difficult to apply in patients with medical illnesses. In a previous report, we developed a briefer definition of MDD that was composed of the mood and cognitive symptoms of the DSM-IV criteria, and found high levels of agreement between the simplified and full DSM-IV definitions. The goal of the present study was to replicate these findings in another large sample of psychiatric out-patients and to extend the findings to other patient samples.MethodWe interviewed 1100 psychiatric out-patients and 210 pathological gamblers presenting for treatment and 1200 candidates for bariatric surgery. All patients were interviewed by a diagnostic rater who administered a semi-structured interview. We inquired about all symptoms of depression for all patients.ResultsIn all three samples high levels of agreement were found between the DSM-IV and the simpler definition of MDD. Summing across all 2510 patients, the level of agreement between the two definitions was 95.5% and the κ coefficient was 0.87.ConclusionsAfter eliminating the four somatic criteria from the DSM-IV definition of MDD, a high level of concordance was found between this simpler definition and the original DSM-IV classification. This new definition offers two advantages over the current DSM-IV definition – it is briefer and it is easier to apply with medically ill patients because it is free of somatic symptoms.

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Пирожкова, Ирина, Irina Pirozhkova, Алла Карташова, and Alla Kartashova. "Quasi-judicial institutions in the legal space: definition and approaches to the definition." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-3-49-54.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the terminological apparatus associated with the phenomenon of quasi-judicial justice. The goal is to consider the legal interpretation of the concepts of “quasi-judicial justice” as a set of bodies and institutions providing alternative judicial means of resolving conflicts in society. The research methodology consisted of formal legal and analytical methods. The paper uses methods of linguistic analysis. The study determines the formal and essential (material) approaches to the definition of quasijudicialness. There is a diversity of phenomena that form quasi-judicial institutions in the historical and modern sense and the lack of certainty of word usage in the legal field: normative acts and the doctrine of law. The conclusions are based on the departure from tradition, the negative coloring of the phenomenon of quasi-judicial justice, which is based on the practice of applying the decisions of administrative justice bodies as a tool for building an authoritarian political model of the USSR.

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Roger, Atsa Etoundi, Fouda Ndjodo Marcel, and Atouba Christian Lopez. "A Goal Oriented Approach for the Definition of a Business Process Requirement Model." International Journal of Computer Applications 9, no. 7 (September 10, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/1401-1890.

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Porzsolt, F., A. Wirth, R. Mayer-Steinacker, P. Suhr, N. Warszawski, M. Schulte, G. Negri, et al. "Quality Assurance in Oncology: Definition of Treatment Goal and Assessment of Its Achievement." Oncology Research and Treatment 17, no. 4 (1994): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000218454.

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Schreiner, Drew C., Rafael Renteria, and Christina M. Gremel. "Fractionating the all‐or‐nothing definition of goal‐directed and habitual decision‐making." Journal of Neuroscience Research 98, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 998–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24545.

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Klüppel, Hans-Jürgen. "ISO 14041: Environmental management — life cycle assessment — goal and scope definition — inventory analysis." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 3, no. 6 (November 1998): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02979337.

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Hwang, Yuan-Shin, and Joel Saltz. "Interprocedural Definition-Use Chains of Dynamic Pointer-Linked Data Structures." Scientific Programming 11, no. 1 (2003): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/154169.

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This paper presents a flow-sensitive algorithm to compute interprocedural definition-use chains of dynamic pointer-linked data structures. The goal is to relate the statements that construct links of dynamic pointer-linked data structures (i.e. definitions) to the statements that might traverse the structures through the links (i.e. uses). Specifically, for each statementSthat defines links of pointer-linked data structures, the algorithm finds the set of statements that traverse the links which are defined by S. This algorithm solves the definition-use chaining problem by performing backward iterative data flow analysis to compute the set of upward exposed uses at each statement. The results of this algorithm can be used to identify parallelism in programs even with cyclic pointer-linked data structures.

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Gibney, Ed, and Tanya Wyatt. "Rebuilding the Harm Principle: Using an Evolutionary Perspective to Provide a New Foundation for Justice." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i3.1280.

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Following Mill’s (1859) definition, the ‘harm principle’ came to dominate legal debates about crime and the appropriate response of the justice system, effectively replacing official talk of morality in modern secular societies. However, the harm principle has collapsed without an accepted definition of harm or a method to adjudicate between competing claims. To address this, we propose a definition of ‘good’ derived from evolutionary perspectives. From this, a universal goal for society can be recognised, specific objectives to reach that goal can be listed, and a new definition for harm can be used to repair the harm principle and restore its ability to underpin criminal law and the principles of justice in society.

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van Vollenhoven, R., G. Bertsias, A. Doria, D. Isenberg, E. F. Morand, M. A. Petri, B. Pons-Estel, et al. "OP0296 THE 2021 DORIS DEFINITION OF REMISSION IN SLE – FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS FROM AN INTERNATIONAL TASK FORCE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 181.1–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1192.

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Background:Remission is the stated goal for both patient and care-giver (1), but consensus on a definition of remission has been lacking. Previously, an international task force consisting of patient representatives and medical specialists published a frame-work for such a definition (2), but without making a final recommendation.Objectives:To achieve consensus around a definition of remission in SLE (DORIS).Methods:The DORIS task force met annually from 2015 to 2020 and consisted of patient representatives and specialists in rheumatology, nephrology, dermatology, and clinical immunology. Systemic literature reviews of several key topics were done and specific research questions were examined in suitably chosen datasets. The findings were discussed, reformulated as recommendations, and voted upon. Level of evidence (LoE), strength of recommendation (SoR), and agreement were determined in standard fashion. The final recommendation for the DORIS definition of remission was established by electronic vote after finalization of the minutes of the most recent task force meeting.Results:Based on data from the literature and from several SLE-specific data sets, five key recommendations were endorsed (Table 1) that should be seen as additions to those published previously (2). Literature reviews identified strong support for the face-, content-, construct- and criterion validity of the definition based on the clinical SLEDAI (not including anti-DNA and complement) equal to zero plus low physician global assessment and allowing stable medical treatment. Thus, the DORIS Task Force recommended a single definition of remission in SLE, based on clinical SLEDAI = 0, evaluator’s global assessment <0.5 (0-3), prednisone 5 mg/day or less, and stable antimalarials, immunosuppressives and biologics.Table 1.Vote in favorLoESoRAgreement1.Inclusion of serology [anti-DNA, complement] in the DORIS definition of remission-on-treatment does not meaningfully alter the construct validity and therefore it is not recommended to include it90%2aB8.382.While the goal of treatment is sustained remission, a definition of remission should be able to be met at any point in time; therefore, duration should not be included in the definition100%5C9.023.To date, the SLEDAI-based definitions of remission have formally been investigated more extensively than BILAG-or ECLAM-based definitions. The SLEDAI-based definitions can therefore more confidently be recommended91%2aB9.254.Remission off treatment, while the ultimate goal for many patients and providers, is achieved very rarely. In clinical research and as an outcome in clinical trials, the definition for remission-on-treatment is recommended92%2aB9.525.In clinical trials, the LLDAS definition for low disease activity and the DORIS definition of remission are both recommended as outcomes100%5C9.25The 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE:Conclusion:The 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE was established. It is recommended for use as an aspirational treatment target in clinical care, a clear concept in education, and a key outcome in research including clinical trials and observational studies.References:[1]van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:958-67.[2]van Vollenhoven R, Voskuyl A, Bertsias G, et al. A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS). Ann Rheum Dis 2016.Disclosure of Interests:Ronald van Vollenhoven Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Galapagos, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Biotest, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier, UCB, Vielabo, Grant/research support from: BMS, GSK, Lilly, UCB, George Bertsias: None declared, Andrea Doria: None declared, David Isenberg: None declared, Eric F. Morand: None declared, Michelle A Petri: None declared, Bernardo Pons-Estel Consultant of: GSK, Janssen, Anisur Rahman: None declared, Manuel Ugarte-Gil Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer, Alexandre Voskuyl: None declared, Laurent Arnaud Consultant of: Alexion, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, BMS, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, LFB, Lilly, Menarini France, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche-Chugaï, UCB., Ian N. Bruce: None declared, Ricard Cervera Consultant of: GSK, Alexion, Eli Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Termo-Fisher, Rubió, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau: None declared, Caroline Gordon Speakers bureau: UCB, Consultant of: Center for Disease Control, Astra-Zeneca, MGP, Sanofi, UCB, Frederic Houssiau: None declared, Marta Mosca: None declared, Matthias Schneider: None declared, Michael Ward: None declared, Cynthia Aranow: None declared.

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Chu, Tih Ju, An Pi Chang, Chao Lung Hwang, and Jyh Dong Lin. "Intelligent and Green Buildings Project Management Scope Definition Using Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI)." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 3008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.3008.

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The development of the intelligent green building project (IGBP) is the pursuit of a business strategy of an enterprise in principle and the launch of the project in practice. The IGBP is integrated with the application of the Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) in order to combine the needs of pre-project planning. These are the steps to enhance the performance of project execution. The IGBP-PDRI model proposed to construct in this study is based on the life cycle of the engineering to set up different phases of work for process evaluation. The model of evaluation is divided into 4 sections, 11 categories, and 60 elements. Pre-project planning helps to forecast possible risks in the development of the project. In the course of project execution, quality requirement is satisfied through monitoring and control. These help to ensure the operation efficiency of the project, to the extent that the automated system of the building supported by green construction can meet the goal of sustainable development.

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Martirosyan, Danik M., and Jaishree Singh. "A new definition of functional food by FFC: what makes a new definition unique?" Functional Foods in Health and Disease 5, no. 6 (July 1, 2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v5i6.183.

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Background: Functional food science has gained momentum recently in response to the changing health status of developed countries. As healthcare costs and average life expectancy rise, the public has sought ways to become healthier and develop higher qualities of life. The concept of “functional food” developed as a convenient and inexpensive solution to chronic health problems, and is becoming influential in numerous branches of science and policy. Since its conception in 1984, “functional food” changed its meaning per country and culture. The term migrated from Japan to the EU and the United States where it generated profit but bred confusion among experts and non-experts. In this chapter, we review how “functional food” has been defined and redefined over the past 30 years, as well as the benefits of our current definition. The goal of this new definition is to strengthen communication between nutrition scientists, the public, and other groups as well as legitimize functional food science around the world.Keywords: Functional foods definition; bioactive compounds; biomarkers

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Lin, Shu-Cheng, Han-Wen Tuan, and Peterson Julian. "An Improvement for Fuzzy Stochastic Goal Programming Problems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8605652.

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We examined the solution process for linear programming problems under a fuzzy and random environment to transform fuzzy stochastic goal programming problems into standard linear programming problems. A previous paper that revised the solution process with the lower-side attainment index motivated our work. In this paper, we worked on a revision for both-side attainment index to amend its definition and theorems. Two previous examples were used to examine and demonstrate our improvement over previous results. Our findings not only improve the previous paper with both-side attainment index, but also provide a theoretical extension from lower-side attainment index to the both-side attainment index.

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Djaouti, Damien, Julian Alvarez, Jean-Pierre Jessel, Gilles Methel, and Pierre Molinier. "A Gameplay Definition through Videogame Classification." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/470350.

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This paper is part of an experimental approach aimed to raise a videogames classification. Being inspired by the methodology that Propp used for the classification of Russian fairy tales, we have identified recurrent diagrams within rules of videogames, that we called “Gameplay Bricks”. The combinations of these different bricks should allow us to represent a classification of all videogames in accordance with their rules. In this article, we will study the nature of these bricks, especially the link they seem to have with two types of game rules: the rules that allow the player to “manipulate” the elements of the game, and the rules defining the “goal” of the game. This study will lead to an hypothesis about the nature of gameplay.

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De Fine Licht, Karl, and Anna Folland. "Defining “Social Sustainability”: Towards a Sustainable Solution to the Conceptual Confusion." Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, no. 2 (November 18, 2019): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v13i2.2913.

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The interest in "social sustainability" has recently increased in the field of urban development. We want societies, cities, and neighborhoods to be economically and environmentally sustainable, but we also want urban areas that are safe, diverse, walkable, and relaxing, just to mention a few examples. Strikingly, however, there is no consensus regarding what definition of "social sustainability" should be employed. Additionally, some people are skeptical about the prospect of finding a useful definition at all and claim it is impossible to satisfactorily define the concept for various reasons, such as its complexity. A potential first step towards navigating this conceptual maze is to provide desiderata for a definition of social sustainability. We defend a list of nine desiderata and thereby create a theoretical framework for analyzing and constructing a definition of "social sustainability". We also examine the skeptical arguments and find that it is premature to conclude that the goal of finding a useful definition is hopeless. With the criteria in place, the future debate can proceed by assessing definitions of "social sustainability" in a more structured and transparent manner. This activity is of upmost importance if we want to create just cities. Keywords: Social Sustainability, Definition, Purposes and Aims, Conditions of Adequacy

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Windzio, Michael. "The “Social Brain,” Reciprocity, and Social Network Segregation along Ethnic Boundaries." Human Nature 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-020-09382-5.

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AbstractHow does segregation along ethnic boundaries emerge in social networks? Human evolution resulted in highly social beings, capable of prosociality, mindreading, and self-control, which are important aspects of the “social brain.” Our neurophysiologically “wired” social cognition implies different cognitive goal frames. In line with recent developments in behavioral theory, the present study defines network ties as episodes of social exchange. This dynamic definition can account for shifts in goal frames during an exchange episode: whereas deliberate choice and hedonic or gain goals drive the initiation of a tie, given the opportunity structure, the normative goal frame activates a strong dynamic effect of reciprocity, which limits actors’ choice set and appears as “self-organization” at the network level. Longitudinal analyses of 18 birthday party networks comprising 501 students support the definition of network ties as exchange episodes, as well as the relevance of humans’ inherent tendency to reciprocate. However, reciprocation is much stronger in dyads of the same ethnicity than in dyads of different ethnicities. Network segregation along ethnic boundaries results from deliberate decisions during the initiation of an episode, but also from different commitments to reciprocity during the ongoing exchange process, depending on intra or interethnic dyadic constellations.

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Rodrigues da Silva, Andreia, Fernando Rodrigues de Almeida Júnior, and Placido Rogerio Pinheiro. "Applying a Goal Programming Model to Support the Selection of Artifacts in a Testing Process." Advances in Software Engineering 2012 (December 30, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/765635.

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This paper proposes the definition of a goal programming model for the selection of artifacts to be developed during a testing process, so that the set of selected artifacts is more viable to the reality of micro and small enterprises. This model was based on the IEEE Standard 829, which establishes a set of artifacts that must be generated throughout the test activities. Several factors can influence the definition of this set of artifacts. Therefore, in order to consider such factors, we developed a multicriteria model that helps in determining the priority of artifacts according to the reality of micro and small enterprises.

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Schooler, Nina. "FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AS A LONG-TERM TREATMENT GOAL: DEFINITION AND ASSESSMENT IN CLINICAL TRIALS." Schizophrenia Research 117, no. 2-3 (April 2010): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.109.

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Mihelčič, Miran. "An Extension of Lipovec’s Definition of Organisation and the Most Relevant Goal-Oriented Relationships." Dynamic Relationships Management Journal 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17708/drmj.2012.v01n01a02.

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Dreyer, Louise, and Michael Hauschild. "Scoping Must be Done in Accordance with the Goal Definition, also in Social LCA." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, no. 2 (March 2006): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2006.02.004.

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Inbar, Dan E., and Rita Sever. "The transformation of a goal definition: The story of a “second chance” evaluation study." Studies in Educational Evaluation 12, no. 2 (January 1986): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-491x(86)90007-6.

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Kononenko, Oksana. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION BRAND MANAGEMENT." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 1 (15) (March 31, 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2021.15.076.

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The subject matter of research in the article is the development of the concept of "brand", as well as modern approaches to the process of brand formation of the organization. Recent decades the concept of "brand" has become widespread. It is applied to the individual, to the enterprise, and also to government initiatives. However, in the literature there is no single point of view on the definition of this concept. The goal of the article is to analyze the existing definitions of the concept of "brand" and modern approaches to the process of brand formation of the organization. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to collect the definitions of the concept of a brand, given by organizations, scientists, specialists, to analyze these definitions and their dynamics, to analyze the main features of strategic brand management. The system analysis method was applied to achieve the goal of the work. Results. The most well-known definitions of the concept of "brand" are given. It is shown that it can be considered from the standpoint of a company that creates goods or provides services under its own brand, or from the standpoint of a buyer who perceives this brand. The way this concept evolves over time is analyzed. It is shown that the brands are a combination of tangible and intangible elements that can be combined into the following groups: visual design elements, distinctive product features (quality, individuality, sounds, aroma, taste, etc.), intangible aspects of customer interaction with the product or company. quality of customer service, etc.). Based on the analysis of existing concepts, the own definition of the concept of "brand" is proposed, which meets the requirements of modernity. The definition of "branding" is considered. It is shown that brand management uses a variety of marketing tools and techniques to increase the value of branded goods in the eyes of buyers and that a large proportion of buyers are willing to pay more for the product of your favorite brand. The main stages of strategic brand management include: determining the position and value of the brand, planning and implementation of the brand marketing program, measuring brand effectiveness, increasing and maintaining brand value. The concept of "brand book" and the advantages of its use are considered. The structure of the brand book is described. It is shown that it is important for the development of companies to create a marketing strategy for rebranding. In the process of rebranding, there are usually four main stages, namely: marketing audit, brand repositioning, restyling of its visual attributes and changing the principles of communication. Conclusions: the definition of "brand" and the use of strategic brand management and rebranding will form the brand of the organization, which will be better perceived by consumers and will have a positive image in society.

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Lee, Crystal Man Ying, Stephen Colagiuri, Mark Woodward, Edward W. Gregg, Robert Adams, Fereidoun Azizi, Rafael Gabriel, et al. "Comparing different definitions of prediabetes with subsequent risk of diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis involving 76 513 individuals and 8208 cases of incident diabetes." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 7, no. 1 (December 2019): e000794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000794.

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ObjectiveThere are currently five widely used definition of prediabetes. We compared the ability of these to predict 5-year conversion to diabetes and investigated whether there were other cut-points identifying risk of progression to diabetes that may be more useful.Research design and methodsWe conducted an individual participant meta-analysis using longitudinal data included in the Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Collaboration. Cox regression models were used to obtain study-specific HRs for incident diabetes associated with each prediabetes definition. Harrell’s C-statistics were used to estimate how well each prediabetes definition discriminated 5-year risk of diabetes. Spline and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to identify alternative cut-points.ResultsSixteen studies, with 76 513 participants and 8208 incident diabetes cases, were available. Compared with normoglycemia, current prediabetes definitions were associated with four to eight times higher diabetes risk (HRs (95% CIs): 3.78 (3.11 to 4.60) to 8.36 (4.88 to 14.33)) and all definitions discriminated 5-year diabetes risk with good accuracy (C-statistics 0.79–0.81). Cut-points identified through spline analysis were fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.1 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.0% (31 mmol/mol) and cut-points identified through ROC analysis were FPG 5.6 mmol/L, 2-hour postload glucose 7.0 mmol/L and HbA1c 5.6% (38 mmol/mol).ConclusionsIn terms of identifying individuals at greatest risk of developing diabetes within 5 years, using prediabetes definitions that have lower values produced non-significant gain. Therefore, deciding which definition to use will ultimately depend on the goal for identifying individuals at risk of diabetes.

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Majewski-Schrage, Tricia, Todd A. Evans, and Brian Ragan. "Development of a Core-Stability Model: A Delphi Approach." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 23, no. 2 (May 2014): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0001.

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Context:Despite widespread acceptance, there is currently no consensus on the definition, components, and the specific techniques most appropriate to measure and quantify core stability.Objective:To develop a comprehensive core-stability model addressing its definition, components, and assessment techniques.Design:Delphi technique.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:15 content experts from United States and Canada, representing a variety of disciplines.Main Outcome Measure:The authors distributed an open-ended questionnaire pertaining to a core-stability definition, components, and assessment techniques specific to each expert. They collected data over 2 rounds of telephone interviews. They concluded data collection once a consensus was achieved that equated with 51% agreement among respondents.Results:The authors developed a working definition of core stability as the ability to achieve and sustain control of the trunk region at rest and during precise movement. Eighty-three percent of the experts considered the definition satisfactory. Therefore, the definition was accepted. Furthermore, the experts agreed that muscles (14/15 = 93.3%) and neuromuscular control (8/12 = 66.7%) were components of core stability. Assessment techniques were identified and inconsistencies were highlighted; however, no consensus was established.Conclusions:A consensus core-stability definition was created and 2 components were identified. However, of the initial definitions provided by the experts, no 2 were identical, which revealed the inconsistencies among experts and the importance of this study. Nonetheless, the goal of obtaining a consensus definition was obtained. Although a consensus for the assessment techniques of core stability could not be reached, it was a beneficial starting point to identify the inconsistencies that were discovered among the content experts.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Goal definition'

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