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Sciutti, Alessandra, Ambra Bisio, Francesco Nori, Giorgio Metta, Luciano Fadiga, and Giulio Sandini. "Robots can be perceived as goal-oriented agents." Interaction Studies 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.14.3.02sci.
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Understanding the goals of others is fundamental for any kind of interpersonal interaction and collaboration. From a neurocognitive perspective, intention understanding has been proposed to depend on an involvement of the observer’s motor system in the prediction of the observed actions (Nyström et al. 2011; Rizzolatti & Sinigaglia 2010; Southgate et al. 2009). An open question is if a similar understanding of the goal mediated by motor resonance can occur not only between humans, but also for humanoid robots. In this study we investigated whether goal-oriented robotic actions can induce motor resonance by measuring the appearance of anticipatory gaze shifts to the goal during action observation. Our results indicate a similar implicit processing of humans’ and robots’ actions and propose to use anticipatory gaze behaviour as a tool for the evaluation of human-robot interactions. Keywords: Humanoid robot; motor resonance; anticipation; proactive gaze; action understanding
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Maeda, Fumiko, Lisa Aziz-Zadeh, Annelie M. Persson, John Mazziotta, and Marco Iacoboni. "Modulation of cortico-spinal excitability by goal-oriented vs. non-goal-oriented hand actions." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92537-6.
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FATHI, MADJID, and ACHIM HÖFFMANN. "AN APPROACH TO GOAL-ORIENTED REASONING BASED ON FUZZY SETS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 02, no. 01 (March 1994): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488594000109.
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In this paper concepts for goal-oriented reasoning within the blackboard development environment QBB are presented. The architecture of QBB supports the selection of problem solving actions with respect to the achivement of quality goals. Furthermore, interactions of goals are explicitly taken into account in action selection. The features of QBB to support goal-oriented reasoning are presented. Especially, it is described how mutual influence of actions with respect to goal achievement can explicitly modeled as relationships between actions, the so-called compensation relations. The usefullness of compensation relations has been tested by goal-oriented modeling of the travelling salesman problem.
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Bozzacchi, Chiara, Maria Assunta Giusti, Sabrina Pitzalis, Donatella Spinelli, and Francesco Di Russo. "Awareness affects motor planning for goal-oriented actions." Biological Psychology 89, no. 2 (February 2012): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.020.
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Fardinpour, Ali, and Torsten Reiners. "The Taxonomy of Goal-oriented Actions in Virtual Training Environments." Procedia Technology 13 (2014): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.02.007.
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Connor, N. P., and James H. Abbs. "Movement-related skin strain associated with goal-oriented lip actions." Experimental Brain Research 123, no. 3 (November 16, 1998): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050565.
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Bozzacchi, C., R. Volcic, and F. Domini. "The role of egocentric and allocentric feedback in calibrating goal-oriented actions." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.412.
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Anikin, Valery M., Boris N. Poizner, and Eduard A. Sosnin. "The Contract Education as a Goal-oriented System of Activity." Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-3-35-49.
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The aim of the work is an application of the theory of Goal-oriented System of Activity to analysis and organization of effective contract targeted training at higher education institutions. The organization of targeted training of specialists is considered as one of the components of public administration to address staff problems in various regions and sectors of the economy in the context of rapidly changing demands of society, to implement promising youth policy and mitigate demographic problems. An algorithmic chain of meaningful actions is con structed on the basis of the methodology of the Goal-oriented System of Activity, which takes into account the real state of human, intellectual, material and economic resources and enables to minimize existing contradictions and, accordingly, ensure the establishment of partnerships between all interested participants in the process of targeted training (government agencies, employers, higher education institutions and students). As an example, four stages of contract teacher training have been considered.
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Koshelskaya, Ye V., V. N. Bazhenov, O. I. Buravel, L. V. Kapilevich, and V. I. Andreyev. "Biomechanic and physiological factors providing the technique of goal-oriented shot actions in football." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 8, no. 3 (June 28, 2009): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2009-3-53-57.
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Biomechnic peculiarities of the technique of shots in football have been studied. With the aid of electromyography and stabilography, 45 men aged from 18 to 27 were examined. It has been shown that stabilographic and electromyographic characteristics of ball shooting can serve indicators of technical development of sportsmen. The technique of direct kick is formed at the stage of perfection of basic skills, while that of lateral kicks is formed at the stage of top sport mastering. In football players of high qualification, the role of the visual analyzer in equilibrium control is insignificant, while in low- and moderate-qualified players, the equilibrium function works worse without visual control.
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Tsepkova, Anzhelika Nikolaevna. "University students’ behavioral culture development by means of personality-oriented education technologies." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982306.
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The paper substantiates that one of the ways to solve the problem of university students behavioral culture development is to use technologies of personality-oriented education. The specificity of actions-words and deeds-actions in human behavior is indicated. The distinction between the action-operation (considered without regard to its moral and moral significance) and the action-action (considered from the point of view of moral and moral value) is revealed. It justifies the effectiveness of technologies of personality-oriented education to form a culture of student behavior through an appeal to the main provisions of the paradigm of personality-oriented education: a statement on the values of personality-oriented education (personality, culture, creativity), a statement on the goal of a personality-oriented education (education of a culture person whose natural, social and cultural essence is interrelated); position about the functions of personality-oriented education (humanitarian, cultural, integrating). The specificity of personality-oriented education is shown. The triad Task - Dialogue - Game is considered as a base of technologies of personality-oriented education. The author gives examples of games built using the technologies of personality-oriented education and contributing to students behavioral culture development (the game Verbal behavior (confident, uncertain and rude); the game Non-verbal forms of confident, uncertain, rude behavior; the game Self-esteem; discussion game Be able to feel a person next to you; a game-metaphor, a game of self-criticism, a game - the choice of tactics).
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Jansen, Bart, and Jan Cornelis. "The Action Game." Interaction Studies 13, no. 2 (May 7, 2012): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.13.2.06jan.
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This article introduces a computational model which illustrates how a population of agents can coordinate a vocabulary for goal oriented behavior through repeated local interactions, called “Action Games”. Using principles of self organization and specific assumptions on their behavior, the agents learn the goals and a vocabulary for them. It is shown that the proposed model can be used to investigate the coordination of vocabularies for goal oriented behavior both in a vertical (e.g. between a single teacher and student) and in a horizontal (e.g. in a population of agents which have no a priori repertoire of goals and no vocabularies) transmission scheme. Furthermore, it is shown that in this model shared vocabularies can only be learned from multiple demonstrations consisting of exactly these actions that are strictly required to reach the goal. Keywords: robot imitation; self organization; vocabularies
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Zhao, Wei, Chun He Xia, Yang Luo, Xiao Chen Liu, and Wei Kang Wu. "A Computer Network Defense-Oriented Scheme Description Language." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1739.
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Existing defense policy description language can describe some aspects of defense only, such as protection or detection but cannot express relationship among actions. Thus, it cannot accomplish a joint defense goal with the linkage of all kinds of defense mechanism for large-scale, distributed network attacking, such as Botnet. To solve this problem, we proposed a computer network defense-oriented scheme description language (CNDSDL), which can describe protection, detection, analysis, response, and recover actions as well as relationship among actions. These relations include sequence-and, sequence-or, concurrent-and, concurrent-or, and xor. It provides a unified coupling language description for linkage defense of different security devices. At last, we realized the simulation of schemes which are described by CNDSDL. The experiments results show that CNDSDL can be transformed to detailed technique rules and realize the defense effect of expression.
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Tuzlukova, A. V. "Competitive Strategy in Employees with Self-Oriented and Socially-Oriented Perfectionism." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-183-190.
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The present research featured competitive strategy aimed at achieving different goals in professional activity of employees with different intensity of perfectionism. It resulted in a definition of perfectionism based on the role of personality orientation in competitiveness, the subject content of personality orientation, and available publications on the subject content of perfectionism, its types, and their relationship. The type of perfectionism depends on personal characteristics that manifest themselves in competitive environment. Therefore, perfectionist orientation shapes completive strategy in employees. The research involved 142 employees (112 women, 30 men) aged 19–62. The procedure for identifying various types of perfectionist orientation combined the type of perfectionism, achievement motivation, and cognitive attitudes. The paper also introduces criteria for distinguishing self-oriented and socially-oriented perfectionism. The main goal of competition strategy in subjects with self-oriented perfectionism was formulated as demonstration of individual work pattern, while in subjects with sociallyoriented perfectionism it was high quality of activity. The first appeared to be fuelled by the internal motivation and dependence on others. However, criticism and disapproval can affect the desire to achieve the goal. The second was fuelled by security reasons and resulted in actions aimed at retaining the achieved advantages. Both groups hardly saw colleagues as rivals.
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Cresswell, Stephen N., Thomas L. McCluskey, and Margaret M. West. "Acquiring planning domain models using LOCM." Knowledge Engineering Review 28, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888912000422.
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AbstractThe problem of formulating knowledge bases containing action schema is a central concern in knowledge engineering for artificial intelligence (AI) planning. This paper describes Learning Object-Centred Models (LOCM), a system that carries out the automated generation of a planning domain model from example training plans. The novelty of LOCM is that it can induce action schema without being provided with any information about predicates or initial, goal or intermediate state descriptions for the example action sequences. Each plan is assumed to be a sound sequence of actions; each action in a plan is stated as a name and a list of objects that the action refers to. LOCM exploits assumptions about the kinds of domain model it has to generate, rather than handcrafted clues or planner-oriented knowledge. It assumes that actions change the state of objects, and require objects to be in a certain state before they can be executed. In this paper, we describe the implemented LOCM algorithm, the assumptions that it is based on, and an evaluation using plans generated through goal-directed solutions, through random walk, and through logging human-generated plans for the game of freecell. We analyze the performance of LOCM by its application to the induction of domain models from five domains.
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Sycheva, S. M., and T. B. Shramchenko. "ROLE OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD IN PROJECT-ORIENTED ORGANIZATIONS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-2-148-155.
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The concepts of “balanced scorecard”, “project-oriented organization” have been revealed. The role of a balanced scorecard in the development of the organization, including a project-oriented one, which connects the points between such elements of strategy as overall picture, mission (our goal), vision (what we strive for), core values (what we believe), strategic areas (topics, results and / or goals) and more operational elements such as goals (continuous improvement actions), indicators (or key performance indicators or KPIs that track strategic effectiveness), goals (desired level of performance) and initiatives (projects, which help you achieve your goals), has been shown.
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Liu, Hangxin, Chi Zhang, Yixin Zhu, Chenfanfu Jiang, and Song-Chun Zhu. "Mirroring without Overimitation: Learning Functionally Equivalent Manipulation Actions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018025.
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This paper presents a mirroring approach, inspired by the neuroscience discovery of the mirror neurons, to transfer demonstrated manipulation actions to robots. Designed to address the different embodiments between a human (demonstrator) and a robot, this approach extends the classic robot Learning from Demonstration (LfD) in the following aspects:i) It incorporates fine-grained hand forces collected by a tactile glove in demonstration to learn robot’s fine manipulative actions; ii) Through model-free reinforcement learning and grammar induction, the demonstration is represented by a goal-oriented grammar consisting of goal states and the corresponding forces to reach the states, independent of robot embodiments; iii) A physics-based simulation engine is applied to emulate various robot actions and mirrors the actions that are functionally equivalent to the human’s in the sense of causing the same state changes by exerting similar forces. Through this approach, a robot reasons about which forces to exert and what goals to achieve to generate actions (i.e., mirroring), rather than strictly mimicking demonstration (i.e., overimitation). Thus the embodiment difference between a human and a robot is naturally overcome. In the experiment, we demonstrate the proposed approach by teaching a real Baxter robot with a complex manipulation task involving haptic feedback—opening medicine bottles.
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Kravitz, James F. "Of Mice and Pen: Effects of Input Device on Different Age Groups Performing Goal-Oriented Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 1 (October 2007): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705100110.
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Convertible tablet PCs can use a pen or a mouse for input. The pen is better suited than the mouse for some tasks because of its interaction properties, and research has shown it may ameliorate age-related decrements in performance. This study compared the pen and mouse on a series of realistic tasks for older (55–69) and younger (18–30) adults. Precision tasks were better served by the mouse, while ballistic tasks with strong analogs to real-world actions were served equally well by the pen or the mouse. Older adults were slower than younger adults on both devices, but contrary to the research hypothesis, no benefits were observed specifically for older adults with the pen. This study reinforces findings regarding the importance of task demands when selecting input devices. Younger adults seemed more willing than older adults to embrace the pen.
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Ribino, Patrizia, and Carmelo Lodato. "A Norm Compliance Approach for Open and Goal-Directed Intelligent Systems." Complexity 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7895875.
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The increasing development of autonomous intelligent systems, such as smart vehicles, smart homes, and social robots, poses new challenges to face. Among them, ensuring that such systems behave lawfully is one of the crucial topics to be addressed for improving their employment in real contexts of daily life. In this work, we present an approach for norm compliance in the context of open and goal-directed intelligent systems working in dynamic normative environments where goals, services, and norms may change. Such an approach complements a goal-directed system modifying its goals and the way to achieve them for taking norms into accounts, thus influencing the practical reasoning process that goal-oriented systems implement for figuring out what to do. The conformity to norms is established at the goal level rather than at the action level. The effect of a norm that acts at the goal level spreads out at the lower level of actions, thus also improving system flexibility. Recovery mechanisms are provided to face exceptional situations that could be caused by normative changes. A case study in the field of the business organizations is presented for demonstrating the strengths of the proposed solution.
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Ryu, Jihye, and Elizabeth Torres. "The Autonomic Nervous System Differentiates between Levels of Motor Intent and End Effector." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10030076.
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While attempting to bridge motor control and cognitive science, the nascent field of embodied cognition has primarily addressed intended, goal-oriented actions. Less explored, however, have been unintended motions. Such movements tend to occur largely beneath awareness, while contributing to the spontaneous control of redundant degrees of freedom across the body in motion. We posit that the consequences of such unintended actions implicitly contribute to our autonomous sense of action ownership and agency. We question whether biorhythmic activities from these motions are separable from those which intentionally occur. Here we find that fluctuations in the biorhythmic activities of the nervous systems can unambiguously differentiate across levels of intent. More important yet, this differentiation is remarkable when we examine the fluctuations in biorhythmic activity from the autonomic nervous systems. We find that when the action is intended, the heart signal leads the body kinematics signals; but when the action segment spontaneously occurs without instructions, the heart signal lags the bodily kinematics signals. We conclude that the autonomic nervous system can differentiate levels of intent. Our results are discussed while considering their potential translational value.
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KIM, JIN HONG. "ON POSITIVELY CURVED FOUR-MANIFOLDS WITH S1-SYMMETRY." International Journal of Mathematics 22, no. 07 (July 2011): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x11007197.
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It is well known by the work of Hsiang and Kleiner that every closed oriented positively curved four-dimensional manifold with an effective isometric S1-action is homeomorphic to S4 or CP2. As stated, it is a topological classification. The primary goal of this paper is to show that it is indeed a diffeomorphism classification for such four-dimensional manifolds. The proof of this diffeomorphism classification also shows an even stronger statement that every positively curved simply connected four-manifold with an isometric circle action admits another smooth circle action which extends to a two-dimensional torus action and is equivariantly diffeomorphic to a linear action on S4 or CP2. The main strategy is to analyze all possible topological configurations of effective circle actions on simply connected four-manifolds by using the so-called replacement trick of Pao.
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Navarro-Yáñez, Clemente J. "The Effectiveness of Integral Urban Strategies: Policy Theory and Target Scale. The European URBAN I Initiative and Employment." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 6251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116251.
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Integrated urban development strategies are shaping a new policy frame to cope with the complexity of urban problems. This implies multi-level policy mixes involving multiple goals, the collaboration between different actors, and policy theories based on complementarity between different policy tools (and their causal processes). As in other policies, the third aspect has been less analysed. This article studied the theory behind policy mixes developed in the European Union URBAN I Initiative framework and the effects on its employment inclusion goal. The policy theory suggests complementary effects between policy actions oriented toward economic activities and those oriented at increasing employment skills to, in turn, increase residents’ inclusion in the labour market. The quasi-experimental approach applied at the neighbourhood level in Spain showed a moderate influence on employment among the youngest age cohorts and a more evident impact on business density. Nevertheless, evidence concerning the complementarity between actions oriented at improving labour market demand and labour market supply in targeted neighbourhoods suggested in the program theory is less convincing. This exercise showed the methodological challenges in assessing the effectiveness of integral urban initiatives and offered some suggestions regarding the policy theory behind them through a European Union case.
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Jeannerod, M. "The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, no. 2 (June 1994): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00034026.
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AbstractThis paper concerns how motor actions are neurally represented and coded. Action planning and motor preparation can be studied using a specific type of representational activity, motor imagery. A close functional equivalence between motor imagery and motor preparation is suggested by the positive effects of imagining movements on motor learning, the similarity between the neural structures involved, and the similar physiological correlates observed in both imaging and preparing. The content of motor representations can be inferred from motor images at a macroscopic level, based on global aspects of the action (the duration and amount of effort involved) and the motor rules and constraints which predict the spatial path and kinematics of movements. A more microscopic neural account calls for a representation of object-oriented action. Object attributes are processed in different neural pathways depending on the kind of task the subject is performing. During object-oriented action, a pragmatic representation is activated in which object affordances are transformed into specific motor schemas (independently of other tasks such as object recognition). Animal as well as human clinical data implicate the posterior parietal and premotor cortical areas in schema instantiation. A mechanism is proposed that is able to encode the desired goal of the action and is applicable to different levels of representational organization.
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Macharis, Cathy, and Dorit Kerret. "The 5E Model of Environmental Engagement: Bringing Sustainability Change to Higher Education through Positive Psychology." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010241.
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What is the role of universities in advancing sustainability? This paper delineates a unique program for promoting sustainability that was applied in Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB). The unique characteristics of the program are described in light of the positive sustainability framework. The five components of the program are designed to promote sustainable behavior of participants, through promoting goal-oriented hope: setting a goal; believing that one can successfully achieve the chosen goal (agency thinking); viewing the potential paths for achieving the goal (pathway thinking); and trusting other members of society to follow the same desired goal (social trust). The five components of the program are designed to jointly raise all the elements of hope. It starts with goal setting (estimate), which is aimed at evaluating the impact of the university on the physical environment. Secondly, the entire community of the university should be engaged in achieving the desired goal. The third component of the method is education about the potential options and actions for achieving the designed goal. Then, enabling the achievement of the goal takes place (meaning making it easy). Lastly, participants should be encouraged to pursue the goal by positive rewarding.
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Groves, Patricia S., Jacinda L. Bunch, Ellen Cram, Amany Farag, Kirstin Manges, Yelena Perkhounkova, and Jill Scott-Cawiezell. "Priming Patient Safety Through Nursing Handoff Communication: A Simulation Pilot Study." Western Journal of Nursing Research 39, no. 11 (October 19, 2016): 1394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945916673358.
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Understanding how safety culture mechanisms affect nursing safety-oriented behavior and thus patient outcomes is critical to developing hospital safety programs. Safety priming refers to communicating safety values intended to activate patient safety goals. Safety priming through nursing handoff communication was tested as a means by which cultural safety values may affect nursing practice. The mixed-methods pilot study setting was an academic medical center’s high-fidelity simulation lab. Twenty nurses were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a safety priming intervention; all participants were observed for completing appropriate actions in response to patient safety risks embedded in a scenario. Stimulated recall interviews were conducted following simulation completion. Nurses receiving the safety priming intervention performed slightly but non-significantly more safety actions than nurses who did not (60.5% vs. 57.9% of 43 actions). Implications for both research and practice are discussed for interventions targeting routine versus safety goal-directed nursing actions.
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Wiesing, Lambert. "Toward a Phenomenology of Luxury." Cultural Politics 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-4312916.
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The aim of this article is to introduce the idea of a phenomenology of luxury. The thesis is that luxury cannot be a characteristic of things or of actions, but that it arises through a private aesthetic experience, which can be identified as a functional equivalent to play as it is found in Friedrich Schiller. If an autonomous subject possesses something exaggeratedly, superfluously, or irrationally elaborate, and if that subject further experiences ownership as liberation from the forceful demands of goal-oriented rationality and utilitarian thinking, then that something is luxury.
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Stefanowitsch, Anatol. "The goal bias revisited: A collostructional approach." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2018-0007.
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Abstract There is a goal bias in the description of motion events: adverbials specifying goals are preferred over adverbials specifying source. Two broad explanations have been suggested to account for this: first, a general cognitive bias towards the aims of human actions, and second, the higher information value of goal adverbials in conceptualizing a motion event in its entirety. The second explanation predicts that the goal bias should be verb-specific. In particular, verbs whose lexical semantics focus on trajectories or sources of motion events (such as stroll and escape respectively), should not display a goal bias but instead prefer adverbials corresponding to this focus. Stefanowitsch and Rohde (2004) present case studies of ten English motion verbs that confirm this prediction. The current study takes up this research and complements it with a collostructional analysis over a large sample of 248 English motion verbs. The study shows, first, that goal adverbials dominate among strongly-associated pairs of motion verbs and prepositions in the English Intransitive Motion Construction, confirming a general goal bias for this construction; and second, that while goal adverbials are significantly associated with generic motion verbs as well as motion verbs specifying trajectories, trajectory adverbials and goal adverbials are significantly associated with trajectory- and goal-oriented verbs respectively, adding largescale quantitative confirmation to the previous study.
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Lobosco, Gianni, and Vittoria Mencarini. "and climate change." Convergences - Journal of Research and Arts Education 13, no. 26 (November 30, 2020): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53681/c1514225187514391s.26.39.
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The contribution presents the results of a research project carried out within the main framework of the “Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan” for the Ravenna Municipality, one of the signatories of the “Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy”. The project goal is to provide decision makers and city planners with landscape-oriented strategies capable of improving the territorial resilience vis-a-vis climate change impacts in the next decades. The research focuses on the construction of future alternative scenarios on a 2100 horizon. From their comparison, a short-term vision (2050) open to alternative developments has been designed. The study provides an overall view, on a municipal scale, of the main adaptation actions that can be implemented; then, it tests their potential effectiveness on smaller case-studies illustrating some recurring landscape units of the territory.
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Oskoz, Ana, and Idoia Elola. "Digital stories: Bringing multimodal texts to the Spanish writing classroom." ReCALL 28, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344016000094.
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AbstractDespite the availability and growing use of digital story software for authoring and instructional purposes, little is known about learners’ perceptions on its integration in the foreign language writing class. Following both a social semiotics approach and activity theory, this study focuses on six advanced Spanish learners’ perceptions about the production of a digital story in which they integrated a variety of modes (written, oral, images, sounds) and manipulated the semiotic resources within each mode (size, color, lines in the image mode), to convey meaning. Analyzing participants’ reflections, questionnaires, and online journals, results highlight learners’ (a) interpretation of the tools and artifacts and their effect on their understanding of a final product, (b) connections between short-term goal-oriented actions and the longer-term object-oriented activity of developing a multimodal text, and (c) linguistic reorientations when creating a digital story.
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Duminy, Nicolas, Sao Mai Nguyen, Junshuai Zhu, Dominique Duhaut, and Jerome Kerdreux. "Intrinsically Motivated Open-Ended Multi-Task Learning Using Transfer Learning to Discover Task Hierarchy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11030975.
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In open-ended continuous environments, robots need to learn multiple parameterised control tasks in hierarchical reinforcement learning. We hypothesise that the most complex tasks can be learned more easily by transferring knowledge from simpler tasks, and faster by adapting the complexity of the actions to the task. We propose a task-oriented representation of complex actions, called procedures, to learn online task relationships and unbounded sequences of action primitives to control the different observables of the environment. Combining both goal-babbling with imitation learning, and active learning with transfer of knowledge based on intrinsic motivation, our algorithm self-organises its learning process. It chooses at any given time a task to focus on; and what, how, when and from whom to transfer knowledge. We show with a simulation and a real industrial robot arm, in cross-task and cross-learner transfer settings, that task composition is key to tackle highly complex tasks. Task decomposition is also efficiently transferred across different embodied learners and by active imitation, where the robot requests just a small amount of demonstrations and the adequate type of information. The robot learns and exploits task dependencies so as to learn tasks of every complexity.
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Syrbayeba, Sh Zh, Z. U. Adilshinova, M. S. Zhangozieva, and R. K. Turniyazov. "TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS TO USE INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION." BULLETIN Series Psychology 64, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7847.08.
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The article is devoted to preparing future teachers to use innovative educational technologies in the context of digitalization of education. The authors reveal the main goal of innovative educational technologies, conduct a comparative analysis of traditional and innovative teaching methods. Also, based on the research work carried out , it reveals the main features that distinguish innovative activity from innovation-oriented activity: the level of significance of new ideas, the level of changes made; the level of adjustment of its actions. It is stated that in the modern global information society, the most important quality and one of the competitiveness criteria for any specialist is the level of readiness for innovation
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Putri, Rahmi, and Syafruddin Syafruddin. "Rasionalitas Beragama Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK)." Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v2i2.113.
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This paper aims to explore religious rationality among prostitutes. This study is a case study with a qualitative descriptive method at the Panti Sosial Karya Wanita Andam Dewi Solok. Data was collected using in-depth interview techniques. Using Max Weber's rationality theory as an analytical tool, this study found several important findings. First, the choice to enter the world of prostitution is a rational action taken by prostitutes. The act of prostitution that is carried out is an action that is goal-oriented (instrumentally rational). Actions of prostitution are rationally strived to gain utility, either to show "himself" as a woman or as a person who is responsible in his family. Second, for prostitutes, between prostitution and religion, both are profitable. Prostitution can empower families and improve the economic sector, while religion can reduce and eliminate the sin of prostitution. Religion is not only interpreted as a doctrine that only regulates ritual aspects such as prayer, fasting and all kinds of things, but more than that religion is interpreted as an antidote for any sexual act committed in prostitution.
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Malmqvist, P. A., E. Kärrman, and B. Rydhagen. "Evaluation of the ReVAQ project to achieve safe use of wastewater sludge in agriculture." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.759.
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The use of wastewater sludge on arable land in Sweden has been limited for some years due to the low quality, in some respects, of the sludge and to the reluctance of farmers and the food industry to use it. To improve the quality of the sludge, the ReVAQ project has been started, and it now involves seven municipal wastewater organisations. The goal of the project is to introduce a process in which the quality is successively improved by a series of actions taken by society. These actions include tracking and eliminating sources of heavy metals and other substances. As there are numerous sources of some of the substances, the work concentrates on the major sources. Another important activity is to provide information to the users of the wastewater system. The project is being evaluated by Urban Water AB. The results from the first two years indicate that it may be possible to reach the primary technical goal: to obtain a sludge quality that corresponds to that of household wastewater. The more ambitious goal of reaching a quality corresponding to that of WC water (the sum of urine and faeces) does not seem realistic without far-reaching changes in society. The organisations involved, which take the work seriously and are goal-oriented, have achieved measurable results in a short time. The work is also accepted and supported by the board members. More effort is needed, however, to inform the users about the system, and to [motivate them to] change their behaviour regarding matters such as the purchase of everyday products and the use of the toilet facilities.
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Karahanoğlu, Armağan, Rúben Gouveia, Jasper Reenalda, and Geke Ludden. "How Are Sports-Trackers Used by Runners? Running-Related Data, Personal Goals, and Self-Tracking in Running." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113687.
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The purpose of this research is to explore the roles that sports trackers and running-related data play in runners’ personal goal achievement. A two-week diary study and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 runners to explore how runners engage with their running-related data to set and achieve their running goals. We found that participants pursued and transitioned between different running goals as their needs, abilities, and surrounding environment changed. We also found multiple motivations that shaped the use of sports trackers. We identified two main categories in runners’ motivations for using trackers and data to achieve their goals. These categories were (i) documenting and tracking in running, and (ii) supporting goal-oriented reflections and actions, with various reasons for use while preparing for and during running. This study provides insights into the psychological effects of running-related data and signals practical implications for runners and developers of tracking technology.
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Antić, Jelena. "Legal aspects of problem loans in Serbia: The issue of liability." Civitas 10, no. 1 (2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/civitas2001194a.
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The paper is motivated by the author's research into the issue of problem loans which present a serious obstacle to economic development. Taking into consideration the fact that a large amount research has been done with a goal of mitigating the effects of problem loans, the author attempts to investigate the causes of their and discusses the issue of the relationship between legal and social liability. The paper presents an analysis of the liability provisions of participants in the context of problem loans. Problem loans, in a broader sense, refer to any loans where there are problems in repayment, i.e. there is a risk in terms of an inability of a debtor to repay their debt. The main hypothesis is that each participant of the loan activity is liable for their actions, be they legal in nature or not. Applying logical, axiological, goal-oriented, and comparative law method, the author concludes that there is a need to strengthen liability and control mechanisms.
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Livne, Yacov, and Yossi Goldstein. "“Let My People Go”: The Beginnings of Israel’s Operation to Open Soviet Immigration Gates." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 47, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763324-20201368.
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Abstract This article deals with the fate of Soviet Jewry during the period between Stalin’s death and the outbreak of the Sinai War (1956). It focuses on the attitudes of Israeli government circles, and their actions oriented towards opening Soviet immigration to Israel (Aliyah) gates. The goal of Aliyah stood high on the agenda of Israeli decision makers. Nevertheless, until the end of 1955, its treatment was quite limited. We describe the chain of events that transformed this situation. The article is based largely on documents from Israeli and Soviet archives, including many that have not yet been published. We also use Nativ organization documents, which are shown here for the first time.
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Кузнецова and Marina Kuznetsova. "Higher-Priority Goals of the Russian Language Training at Primary School: Are the Goals Achievable?" Primary Education 3, no. 4 (August 17, 2015): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13095.
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The paper considers the problem of the Russian language teaching at primary school in the context of requirements, set forth by the Federal State
Educational Standard of Primary General Education (FGOS NOO) of the second generation. It is emphasized, that achievement of the priority
goals is closely related to the goal of making education more practice-oriented, which implies: more active cognitive work with linguistic units;
operating with knowledge gained; mastering the special set of modes of actions. Also described are the features of the test work on the Russian
language discipline, wherein such work is characterized as providing control over the students’ training outcomes at both the basic and the
advanced levels.
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Sergeeva, Bella, and Kristina Kalachina. "Model for the formation of educational actions of self-control in elementary school students." KANT 35, no. 2 (June 2020): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-35.66.
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The relevance of the article is determined by the need for primary school teachers to develop a model for the formation of educational actions of self-control in younger students in the lessons of the world and its justification. The purpose of the work is to develop and test the model we have created for the formation of educational self-control actions in the lessons of the surrounding world in elementary school and in highlighting its components. Sources of study were academic work in the field of philosophy and methodology of psychological and pedagogical research, theses of modern pedagogy and psychology affecting the social conditioning of personality formation in activities; works of domestic and foreign scientific researchers on the structure, development and conditions for the development of abilities and creativity. This article talks about the formation of educational actions of self-control in elementary school students in the framework of the subject "The World Outside" on the basis of a methodology that includes the following structural components: methodological, goal-oriented, substantive, organizational-active, and productive-evaluative. The developed model for the formation of educational actions of self-control can be included in the educational process of primary schools in order to increase the effectiveness of primary school teachers.
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Tünger, Çetin, and Şule Taşlı Pektaş. "A comparison of the cognitive actions of designers in geometry-based and parametric design environments." Open House International 45, no. 1/2 (June 17, 2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2020-0008.
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Purpose This paper aims to compare designers’ cognitive behaviors in geometry-based modeling environments (GMEs) and parametric design environments (PDEs). Design/methodology/approach This study used Rhinoceros as the geometric and Grasshopper as the parametric design tool in an experimental setting. Designers’ cognitive behaviors were investigated by using the retrospective protocol analysis method with a content-oriented approach. Findings The results indicated that the participants performed more cognitive actions per minute in the PDE because of the extra algorithmic space that such environments include. On the other hand, the students viewed their designs more and focused more on product–user relation in the geometric modeling environment. While the students followed a top-down process and produced less number of topologically different design alternatives with the parametric design tool, they had more goal setting activities and higher number of alternative designs in the geometric modeling environment. Originality/value This study indicates that cognitive behaviors of designers in GMEs and PDEs differ significantly and these differences entail further attention from researchers and educators.
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Hollingsworth, Leslie D., Paula Allen-Meares, Trina R. Shanks, and Larry M. Gant. "Using the Miracle Question in Community Engagement and Planning." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 90, no. 3 (July 2009): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3897.
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Actively engaging community members in the revitalization of their neighborhoods is a goal of numerous planning initiatives. In this article, we provide a case example of how the solution-focused brief therapy's “miracle question” was used to engage members of a major metropolitan community in visualizing their dreams and planning strategies for change. Similar to outcomes with therapy clients, community members participated actively and were enthusiastic in communicating their outcomes. Dreams were realistic and important to participants, and suggested strategies were oriented toward first steps and recognized as involving effort by the community. Engagement and retention were sufficient to move forward with immediate actions and longer-term preparation. Benefits and suggested modifications are offered for community practitioners and researchers employing this method.
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Callen, Jeffrey L., Mindy Morel, and Christina Fader. "An Empirical Analysis of the Incentive-Action-Performance Chain of the Principal-Agent Model." Journal of Management Accounting Research 20, s1 (January 1, 2008): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2008.20.s-1.79.
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ABSTRACT: This study empirically investigates the incentive-action-performance chain on cross-sectional plant data in the context of a just-in-time (JIT- plant manufacturing environment. Incentives in this study are of the “soft” goal-oriented variety rather than direct compensation. The empirical analysis is implemented using ordinary least squares and Heckman two-stage regressions to account for the potential endogeneity of the JIT adoption decision. We find that plant performance outcomes are associated with actions, namely, the breadth and intensities of plant JIT practices adopted by plant management, but are not associated with performance incentives. However, we find that the JIT adoption decision is associated with incentives. We further find that it is the essential inventory incentive aspects of JIT, such as increasing inventory turns and reducing scrap/waste, that motivate JIT adoption rather than other, arguably less central incentive aspects of JIT, such as product quality. Overall, our results are consistent with the predictions of the implicit “career” incentives Principal-Agent model but not with predictions of the standard explicit incentives Principal-Agent model.
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Gulluscio, Carmela, Pina Puntillo, Valerio Luciani, and Donald Huisingh. "Climate Change Accounting and Reporting: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 5455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135455.
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During the last few years, sustainability has become an increasingly important dimension for corporations. Many stakeholders expect companies to implement sustainability-oriented practices and report on these actions and their results. As a consequence, corporate accountability and, more specifically, corporate accounting and reporting, should focus not only on financial, social, and environmental performance, but also on sustainability-related aspects. Among these aspects, climate change is becoming increasingly important for companies, which must take action to counter the effects of their activities on climate change and inform their stakeholders about these actions and their effects. Given the initial state of research about climate change accounting and reporting, the authors focused on the sustainable development goal (SDG) no. 13, “climate action”, in order to highlight the current state and the future directions of this area of inquiry. They used a mixed approach to perform a systematic literature review about sustainability accounting/reporting and climate change: (1) a qualitative analysis according to a qualitative analytical framework, and (2) a bibliometric (descriptive statistical) approach. The authors found that: (1) the main perspectives addressed in the selected articles relate to sustainability accounting and reporting in a broad sense; (2) there was a lack of contributions about management of climate change-related aspects, with specific reference to strategic and operational planning, accounting, and control of the actions implemented by the management of firms to counter climate change problems. The authors suggested the topics accounting scholars should focus their future research upon and underscored the social responsibilities of accounting scholars to increasingly integrate climate change mitigation into their accounting foci. They reviewed the main areas of climate change accounting/reporting literature and identified the gaps to be filled.
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DIAS, MARIA ACCIOLY, CARLOS FREDERICO B. LOUREIRO, LEANDRO CHEVITARESE, and CECÍLIA DE MELLO E. SOUZA. "THE MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF ECOVILLAGES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIETAL ALTERNATIVES." Ambiente & Sociedade 20, no. 3 (September 2017): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc0083v2032017.
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Abstract Despite today’s widespread reference to sustainability, initiatives are still quite incipient. Ecovillages are communities that carry out an array of sustainable practices and aim to influence society as models for alternative lifestyles. The goal of this paper is to analyze the meanings associated with these communities in the academic literature and their relevance to sustainability debates. Regardless of the conceptual imprecision of the term ‘ecovillage’ and important challenges and limitations regarding their social role in society, ecovillage initiatives (many that are educational) have propagated by diffusing alternative ideas and practices throughout society. They are increasingly linked with other movements and social institutions, functioning as key nodes in sustainability-oriented networks. As they promote concrete actions in the construction of societal alternatives, ecovillages significantly contribute to efforts of rethinking sustainability.
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Kyriazis, Dimosthenis. "Protection of Service-Oriented Environments Serving Critical Infrastructures." Inventions 3, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3030062.
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The emergence of service-oriented architectures has driven the shift towards a service-oriented paradigm, which has been adopted in several application domains. The advent of cloud computing facilities and recently of edge computing environments has increased the aforementioned paradigm shift towards service provisioning. In this context, various “traditional” critical infrastructure components have turned to services, being deployed and managed on top of cloud and edge computing infrastructures. However, the latter poses a specific challenge: the services of the critical infrastructures within and across application verticals/domains (e.g., transportation, health, industrial venues, etc.) need to be continuously available with near-zero downtime. In this context, this paper presents an approach for high-performance monitoring and failure detection of critical infrastructure services that are deployed in virtualized environments. The failure detection framework consists of distributed agents (i.e., monitoring services) to ensure timely collection of monitoring data, while it is enhanced with a voting algorithm to minimize the case of false positives. The goal of the proposed approach is to detect failures in datacenters that support critical infrastructures by targeting both the acquisition of monitoring data in a performant way and the minimization of false positives in terms of potential failure detection. The specific approach is the baseline towards decision making and triggering of actions in runtime to ensure service high availability, given that it provides the required data for decision making on time with high accuracy.
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Parrish, Christopher W., Ruby L. Ellis, and W. Gary Martin. "Improving Mathematics Discourse through Action Research." Mathematics Teacher 112, no. 4 (January 2019): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.112.4.0302.
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NCTM identified eight Mathematics Teaching Practices within its reform-oriented text, Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All (2014). These practices include research-informed, high-leverage processes that support the in-depth learning of mathematics by all students. Discourse within the mathematics classroom is a central element in these practices. The goal of implementing the practice facilitate meaningful discourse is to give students the opportunity to “share ideas and clarify understandings, construct convincing arguments regarding why and how things work, develop a language for expressing mathematical ideas, and learn to see things from other perspectives” (NCTM 2014, p. 29). To further support implementing meaningful discourse, mathematics educators must become adept at posing questions that require student explanation and reflection, hence, pose purposeful questions, which is another of the eight practices. Posing purposeful questions allows “teachers to discern what students know and adapt lessons to meet varied levels of understanding, help students make important mathematical connections, and support students in posing their own questions” (NCTM 2014, pp. 35-36).
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Fouqueray, Timothée, Lucile Génin, Michel Trommetter, and Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste. "Efficient, Sustainable, and Multifunctional Carbon Offsetting to Boost Forest Management: A Comparative Case Study." Forests 12, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040386.
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Research highlights: Funding forest management with subsidies from carbon offsetters is a well-documented mechanism in tropical regions. This article provides complementary insights into the use of voluntary offset contracts in temperate forests. Background and objectives: The mitigation of greenhouse emissions has become a major global issue, leading to changes in forest management to increase the capacity of forests to store carbon. This can lead to conflicts of use with other forest ecosystem services such as timber production or biodiversity conservation. Our main goal is to describe collective actions to fund carbon-oriented forestry with subsidies from carbon offsetters and to analyze how their governance and functioning prevent conflicts pertaining to multi-functionality. Materials and methods: We assembled an interdisciplinary research team comprising two ecologists, a social scientist, and an economist. Drawing on a conceptual framework of ecosystem services, social interdependencies, and collective action, we based our qualitative analysis on semi-structured interviews from two French case studies. Results: Carbon-oriented intermediary forest organizations offer offset contracts to private firms and public bodies. Communication is geared toward the mitigation outcomes of the contracts as well as their beneficial side effects in providing the ecosystem services of interest to the offsetters. Subsidies then act as a financial lever to fund carbon-oriented forestry operations. Scientific committees and reporting methodologies serve as environmental, social, and economic safeguards. Conclusions: These new intermediary forest organizations use efficient forest operations and evaluation methodologies to improve forest carbon storage. Their main innovation lies in their collective governance rooted in regional forest social-ecological systems. Their consideration of multi-functionality and socioeconomic issues can be seen as an obstacle to rapid development, but they ensure sustainability and avoid conflicts between producers and beneficiaries of forest ecosystem services. Attention must be paid to interactions with broader spatial and temporal carbon policies.
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Nishimura, Satoshi, Munehiko Sasajima, Yoshinobu Kitamura, Akemi Nakamura, Hiroe Takahashi, Akemi Hirao, Kanetoshi Hattori, and Riichiro Mizoguchi. "Development of CHARM Pad: a Multi-viewpoint Knowledge Browsing System Towards Goal-oriented Learning of Nursing Actions and its Practical Use in Training of Novice Nurses." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 30, no. 1 (2015): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.30.22.
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Islam, Zahid. "The Effect of Experience-Based Tangible User Interface on Cognitive Load in Design Education." International Journal of Virtual and Augmented Reality 4, no. 2 (July 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvar.2020070101.
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Inclusion of tangible user interfaces can facilitate learning through contextual experience, interaction with the provided information, and epistemic actions, resulting in effecting learning in design education. The goal of this study is to investigate how tangible user interface (TUI) affects design learning through the cognitive load. Extended reality-based TUI and traditional desktop-based GUI were utilized to deliver the same information to two groups of students. The NASA TLX tool was used to measure students' perceived cognitive load after receiving information through the two modalities. Contemporary design pedagogy, the potential use of XR, design cognition, today's design learners experience-oriented lifestyle were combined to provide a theoretical framework to understand how information delivery modalities affect design learning. The results reveal that the use of XR-based TUIs decreases cognitive load resulting in enhanced experience and effective learning in design studios.
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Diaz-Sarachaga, Jose Manuel. "Analysis of the Local Agenda 21 in Madrid Compared with Other Global Actions in Sustainable Development." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 30, 2019): 3685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193685.
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Over the last two decades, numerous towns have been involved in the Local Agenda 21 program in Spain, which is founded on social participation. In the wake of this initiative, the recent promotion of the new Spanish Urban Agenda by the national government seeks to implement the 2030 Agenda in municipalities nationwide. This research aims to examine the Local Agenda 21 process by using Madrid as a case study to determine the lessons learned to enable the effective application of the new Spanish Urban Agenda. A total of 3712 activities included in the action plans of the 21 districts of Madrid were analyzed to identify linkages with the Sustainable Development Goals and the targets of Sustainable Development Goal # 11 (“Sustainable cities and communities”). Methodologies used were solely oriented to develop an ad hoc Local Agenda 21 plan for each district, hindering the comparison of schemes and findings. Social, institutional, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development were not equally considered by the plans, being the first two aspects the most predominant. Social engagement hardly reached 0.44% of the registered population. The contribution of all action plans to the sustainable development of Madrid was not assessed due to the absence of indicators in the program.
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Bègue, Indrit, Michael Pereira, Yann Cojan, Stefan Kaiser, and Patrik Vuilleumier. "M137. HIGH CONFIDENCE FOR VISUOMOTOR ACTION RECRUITS THE VENTRAL STRIATUM – A METACOGNITIVE APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS?" Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S187—S188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.449.
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Abstract Background Metacognition refers to the ability to discriminate between one’s own correct and incorrect decisions, thus representing a key function for goal-oriented behavior. The neurobiological underpinnings of metacognition have mainly been studied in perceptual decision-making and memory-related processes; therefore, mechanisms and neural correlates underlying metacognitive processes during visuomotor actions are still poorly characterized and the specific role of confidence remains to be elucidated. This is of particular interest as deficits in goal-directed behavior and insight both are a hallmark of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods We examined 31 healthy controls who were asked to draw straight reaching trajectories towards a visual target, while measuring their brain activity with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Deviations were introduced in 70% of the trajectories seen on the screen. Participants then reported awareness of deviations (first-order), followed by (second-order) confidence in their response. The amount of deviation was titrated to reach a 71% average detection rate using an adaptive staircase procedure. Metacognition was measured using the M-Ratio, which estimates the ratio of first-order information available for confidence computation (Maniscalco & Lau, 2012). Whole brain activity was analyzed via a parametric general linear model (GLM). Results Participants showed good metacognitive abilities at evaluating the correctness of their first-order responses (M-Ratio: 0.98±0.25). Movements were decomposed into two phases based on peaks in the variance of the trajectory deviation and actual joystick position. We found that confidence ratings after deviated trials were explained by a combination of the trajectory deviation in the initial phase (p=0.006; linear mixed model) and the amount of motor correction in the final phase of the movement (p<0.001). At the neural level, as expected, conscious detection of deviation engages strongly the visual cortex, whereas higher visuomotor corrections engage primarily the primary motor cortex. Importantly, we show that high confidence specifically recruits the ventral striatum bilaterally (p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons), suggesting a role for confidence in motivating action. Discussion Taken together, these results show for the first time in healthy controls that confidence for visuomotor action strongly engages motivational regions in line with a key role of metacognition in goal directed behavior and accurate insight into self-performed actions. These results in healthy controls are currently being tested in a cohort of schizophrenia patients and our hypothesis is that patients with higher level of apathy will display lower metacognitive confidence and lower ventral striatum activity
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Walentowski, Helge, Bettina Kietz, Jürgen Horsch, Thomas Linkugel, and Wolfgang Viöl. "Development of an Interdisciplinary Master of Forestry Program Focused on Forest Management in a Changing Climate." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060632.
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Concerted efforts are required to achieve the essential UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. This concept paper is focused on the development of a new Master of Forestry (MF) degree program at our University of Applied Sciences (UAS). With this move, we want to outline how capacity building and valuable synergy effects can be obtained from close cooperation in teaching and research, in order to educate our scientifically trained and practice-oriented forestry students in applying new management responses to natural disturbance impacts and sustainable use of terrestrial natural resources for forest resource-dependent communities. Specifically, we show how the emergent issues of global warming and the associated increased vulnerability of temperate deciduous forests can be tackled. Actions to overcome knowledge transfer barriers will provide sound solutions for SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), SDG 15 (life on land), and SDG 17 (partnerships to achieve the goal). Focusing on the Global Sustainable Development Goals can trigger intra and inter-faculty processes of cooperation, exchange programs, and optimized interfaces of previously separated disciplines that complement each other perfectly to form a knowledge hub.