Academic literature on the topic 'GOAT'

Thesis (M.S.)--Royal Roads University, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 71-75). Project presentation at BC Mountain Goat Workshop (March 1, 2005) also available electronically via Internet.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Cautery disbudding is a routinely done practice in intensive dairy goat farms as hornless animals are easier to handle, cause less damage and have lower space requirements. It is usually carried out within the kids’ first two weeks of life and, in spite of being extremely painful, no anaesthesia or analgesia is generally used. With this work we aimed to assess the efficacy of ketamine, either when used alone or in combination with an NSAID, in reducing pain related behaviours in disbudded kids. The effect of an anaesthetic and antiseptic gel effect on preventing immediate wound inflammation and infection after the procedure was also evaluated. The behavioural response to ketamine at three different dosages was observed and registered for 1 h. 10mg/kg was considered to be the safest dose after a higher one resulting in a prolonged anaesthetic period and lethargic kids afterwards. Nine healthy goat kids were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: K – given ketamine; K+M – given ketamine and meloxicam; S – sham disbudded after being given ketamine. Ketamine was administered intramuscularly to all kids and meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) subcutaneously to K+M, 2 to 5 minutes and 5 minutes prior to disbudding, respectively. Vocalizations, tail flicking and leg movements were registered during disbudding. After the procedure, the frequency of pain-related behaviours was recorded for 3 h based on a previously developed ethogram. Sixteen healthy goat kids were randomly assigned to one of two groups after disbudding: D – application of an antibacterial spray on each cauterized horn bud site; TS – application of an anaesthetic and antiseptic gel. The same behaviours of the previous trial were registered for 3 h with D group results also being compared with K, K+M and S ones in the statistical analysis. Three days after the procedure, TS and D kids wounds were evaluated based on a 3-point healing scale. K and K+M kids showed a lower frequency of leg movements during disbudding. Following the procedure, K kids had a higher frequency (p<0.05) of head shaking and head scratching than other groups in the second half-hour and of body shaking in the third hour. No significant differences were found between TS and D groups on wound infection but the use of the gel in detriment of the antibacterial spray may be beneficial in preventing antimicrobial resistance. The use of ketamine either alone or in combination showed to be unsafe, unpractical and not cost-effective in spite of having some effect in reducing pain-related behaviours during disbudding.<br>RESUMO - REDUÇÃO DA DOR NA DESCORNA DE CABRITOS DE EXPLORAÇÕES INTENSIVAS DE LEITE - A descorna de cabritos por termocautério é um procedimento de rotina realizado em explorações intensivas de leite devido à maior facilidade de manipulação dos animais, redução dos danos e menores exigências de espaço. É geralmente efetuada nas duas primeiras semanas de vida do animal e, apesar de extremamente dolorosa, sem recurso anestésicos ou analgésicos. A eficácia da quetamina na redução de comportamentos de dor na descorna de cabritos, quer quando usada isoladamente ou em combinação com um AINE foi avaliada neste estudo, bem como o efeito de um gel anestésico e antisséptico na prevenção de infeções após a descorna. A resposta comportamental à administração três doses diferentes de quetamina foi observada e registada durante 1 h. 10 mg/kg foi considerada a dose mais segura e utilizada nos ensaios subsequentes, após uma dose mais elevada ter resultado num período anestésico prolongado e em letargia. Nove cabritos saudáveis foram aleatoriamente atribuídos a um de três grupos de tratamento: K – administração de quetamina; K+M – administração de quetamina e meloxicam; S – simulação de descorna após administração de quetamina. Foi administrada quetamina a todos os cabritos e meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) ao grupo K+M, 2 a 5 e 5 minutos antes do procedimento, respetivamente. Vocalizações, movimentos dos membros e abanar da cauda foram comportamentos registados durante a descorna. Após a mesma, a frequência de comportamentos de dor foi registada durante 3 h com base num etograma previamente desenvolvido. Dezasseis cabritos saudáveis foram aleatoriamente atribuídos a um de dois grupos: D – aplicação de um spray antibacteriano no local do botão cornual cauterizado; TS – aplicação de um gel anestésico e antisséptico. Os mesmos comportamentos do ensaio anterior foram registados durante 3 horas e os resultados do grupo D foram comparados com os dos grupos K, K+M e S. Três dias após o procedimento, as feridas resultantes da cauterização foram avaliadas com base numa escala de cicatrização de 3 pontos. Os grupos K e K+M apresentaram uma menor frequência de movimentos dos membros durante a descorna. Após a mesma, o grupo K demonstrou uma maior frequência de abanar e coçar a cabeça na segunda meia-hora e de abanar o corpo na terceira hora. Não existiram diferenças significativas entre TS e D quanto à presença de infeção, mas o uso do gel em detrimento do spray antibacteriano poderá ser benéfico na prevenção de resistências a antibióticos. A administração de quetamina demonstrou-se pouco segura ou prática com baixo custo-benefício apesar de algum efeito na redução de comportamentos de dor durante a descorna.<br>N/A

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production

A genetic study of four commercial goat breeds in South Africa was performed using microsatellite markers. The commercial breeds included the Boer goat, Savanna, Kalahari Red and the Angora goat. Indigenous goat populations from Delftzijl and Groblersdal were also included in this study. Seventeen microsatellite markers were tested to determine the genetic variation. Genetic variation within the breeds were relatively high with heterozygosity values ranging from 57% for the Boer goat, 68% for the Kalahari Red, 69% for the Savanna goats and 70% for the Angora goats. First values indicated that the Savanna and Boer goat are genetically the closest (0.114), while the Kalahari Red and Boer goat are the least related (0.237). Phenotypic measurements included height, length, depth, heart girth, pelvic length and width for a phenotypic description. Significant differences were observed in the phenotypic measurements among all the breeds. The genetic and phenotypic differences indicate that these goats can be distinguished as different breeds. Results of this study contribute genotypic information of the commercial goats in South Africa. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Animal and Wildlife Sciences<br>unrestricted