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1
Garrine, Carmen Maria Lucas Pedro. "Genetic characterization of indigenous goat populations of Mozambique." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05082008-145341.
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Hopkins-Shoemaker, Carla Elaine Kerth Chris R. "Evaluation of sustainable forage systems for meat goat production in the southern U.S." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/HOPKINS_CARLA_48.pdf.
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Kyozaire, Joan Kitiibwa. "Microbiological quality of goat milk obtained under different production systems." Diss., Electronic thesis, 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03232005-130646/.
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Andrus, Karina Jane. "A heli-skiing and mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) habitat management model : a case study of the Skeena region interim wildlife management objectives /." PURL, 2005. http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/72486695.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Royal Roads University, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 71-75). Project presentation at BC Mountain Goat Workshop (March 1, 2005) also available electronically via Internet.
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Tran, Elizabeth. "Dragon Tiger Goat: A Novel." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1584453224864606.
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Pratiwi, Ni Made Werdi. "The quality and nutritive value of meat from male Boer and Australian feral goats /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18758.pdf.
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Kitching, Richard Paul. "Studies on sheep and goat pox." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482688.
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Santos, Maria Sara Martins Vicente Pratas dos. "Pain reduction in dairy goat kids'disbudding." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16135.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Cautery disbudding is a routinely done practice in intensive dairy goat farms as hornless animals are easier to handle, cause less damage and have lower space requirements. It is usually carried out within the kids’ first two weeks of life and, in spite of being extremely painful, no anaesthesia or analgesia is generally used. With this work we aimed to assess the efficacy of ketamine, either when used alone or in combination with an NSAID, in reducing pain related behaviours in disbudded kids. The effect of an anaesthetic and antiseptic gel effect on preventing immediate wound inflammation and infection after the procedure was also evaluated.
The behavioural response to ketamine at three different dosages was observed and registered for 1 h. 10mg/kg was considered to be the safest dose after a higher one resulting in a prolonged anaesthetic period and lethargic kids afterwards. Nine healthy goat kids were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: K – given ketamine; K+M – given ketamine and meloxicam; S – sham disbudded after being given ketamine. Ketamine was administered intramuscularly to all kids and meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) subcutaneously to K+M, 2 to 5 minutes and 5 minutes prior to disbudding, respectively. Vocalizations, tail flicking and leg movements were registered during disbudding. After the procedure, the frequency of pain-related behaviours was recorded for 3 h based on a previously developed ethogram. Sixteen healthy goat kids were randomly assigned to one of two groups after disbudding: D – application of an antibacterial spray on each cauterized horn bud site; TS – application of an anaesthetic and antiseptic gel. The same behaviours of the previous trial were registered for 3 h with D group results also being compared with K, K+M and S ones in the statistical analysis. Three days after the procedure, TS and D kids wounds were evaluated based on a 3-point healing scale.
K and K+M kids showed a lower frequency of leg movements during disbudding. Following the procedure, K kids had a higher frequency (p<0.05) of head shaking and head scratching than other groups in the second half-hour and of body shaking in the third hour. No significant differences were found between TS and D groups on wound infection but the use of the gel in detriment of the antibacterial spray may be beneficial in preventing antimicrobial resistance.
The use of ketamine either alone or in combination showed to be unsafe, unpractical and not cost-effective in spite of having some effect in reducing pain-related behaviours during disbudding.<br>RESUMO - REDUÇÃO DA DOR NA DESCORNA DE CABRITOS DE EXPLORAÇÕES INTENSIVAS DE LEITE - A descorna de cabritos por termocautério é um procedimento de rotina realizado em explorações intensivas de leite devido à maior facilidade de manipulação dos animais, redução dos danos e menores exigências de espaço. É geralmente efetuada nas duas primeiras semanas de vida do animal e, apesar de extremamente dolorosa, sem recurso anestésicos ou analgésicos. A eficácia da quetamina na redução de comportamentos de dor na descorna de cabritos, quer quando usada isoladamente ou em combinação com um AINE foi avaliada neste estudo, bem como o efeito de um gel anestésico e antisséptico na prevenção de infeções após a descorna.
A resposta comportamental à administração três doses diferentes de quetamina foi observada e registada durante 1 h. 10 mg/kg foi considerada a dose mais segura e utilizada nos ensaios subsequentes, após uma dose mais elevada ter resultado num período anestésico prolongado e em letargia. Nove cabritos saudáveis foram aleatoriamente atribuídos a um de três grupos de tratamento: K – administração de quetamina; K+M – administração de quetamina e meloxicam; S – simulação de descorna após administração de quetamina. Foi administrada quetamina a todos os cabritos e meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) ao grupo K+M, 2 a 5 e 5 minutos antes do procedimento, respetivamente. Vocalizações, movimentos dos membros e abanar da cauda foram comportamentos registados durante a descorna. Após a mesma, a frequência de comportamentos de dor foi registada durante 3 h com base num etograma previamente desenvolvido. Dezasseis cabritos saudáveis foram aleatoriamente atribuídos a um de dois grupos: D – aplicação de um spray antibacteriano no local do botão cornual cauterizado; TS – aplicação de um gel anestésico e antisséptico. Os mesmos comportamentos do ensaio anterior foram registados durante 3 horas e os resultados do grupo D foram comparados com os dos grupos K, K+M e S. Três dias após o procedimento, as feridas resultantes da cauterização foram avaliadas com base numa escala de cicatrização de 3 pontos.
Os grupos K e K+M apresentaram uma menor frequência de movimentos dos membros durante a descorna. Após a mesma, o grupo K demonstrou uma maior frequência de abanar e coçar a cabeça na segunda meia-hora e de abanar o corpo na terceira hora. Não existiram diferenças significativas entre TS e D quanto à presença de infeção, mas o uso do gel em detrimento do spray antibacteriano poderá ser benéfico na prevenção de resistências a antibióticos.
A administração de quetamina demonstrou-se pouco segura ou prática com baixo custo-benefício apesar de algum efeito na redução de comportamentos de dor durante a descorna.<br>N/A
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Henderson, Marilyn. "Some aspects of the production of cashmere fibre from nonselected Australian feral goats." Title page, contents and forward only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh497.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production
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Pieters, Anelle. "Genetic characterization of commercial goat populations in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26788.
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A genetic study of four commercial goat breeds in South Africa was performed using microsatellite markers. The commercial breeds included the Boer goat, Savanna, Kalahari Red and the Angora goat. Indigenous goat populations from Delftzijl and Groblersdal were also included in this study. Seventeen microsatellite markers were tested to determine the genetic variation. Genetic variation within the breeds were relatively high with heterozygosity values ranging from 57% for the Boer goat, 68% for the Kalahari Red, 69% for the Savanna goats and 70% for the Angora goats. First values indicated that the Savanna and Boer goat are genetically the closest (0.114), while the Kalahari Red and Boer goat are the least related (0.237). Phenotypic measurements included height, length, depth, heart girth, pelvic length and width for a phenotypic description. Significant differences were observed in the phenotypic measurements among all the breeds. The genetic and phenotypic differences indicate that these goats can be distinguished as different breeds. Results of this study contribute genotypic information of the commercial goats in South Africa. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Animal and Wildlife Sciences<br>unrestricted
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Sebsibe, Ameha. "Meat quality of selected Ethiopian goat genotypes under varying nutritional conditions." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-081206.
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Hillbrick, Gordon Colin, and kimg@deakin edu au. "THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF CASHMERE GOAT FIBRES." Deakin University, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031205.162817.
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This study examined the differences in the chemical composition, particularly fatty acids, of the lipid extracted from the fibre of bucks, does and castrated goats. The study provides a more detailed understanding of the chemical composition of buck fibre lipid and how it varies throughout the year, and also details the effect of body region and nutrition on the production and chemical composition of lipid from buck fibre.
Lipid was extracted with either petroleum ether (non-polar) or chloroform/methanol azeotrope (polar) and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The more polar solvent system extracted larger amounts of lipid and more of each individual fatty acid. The following buck specific ethyl branched fatty acids were identified: 2-ethylhexanoic, 4-ethylhexanoic, 2-ethyloctanoic, 4-ethyloctanoic, 6-ethyloctanoic, 2-ethyldecanoic, 4-ethyldecanoic, 2-ethyldodecanoic, 6-ethyldodecanoic, 4-ethyldodecanoic, 2-ethyltetradecanoic, 6-ethyltetradecanoic, 4-ethyltetradecanoic, 2-ethylhexadecanoic and 4-ethyloctadecanoic acids. Of these buck specific fatty acids only 4-ethylhexanoic (T), 4-ethyloctanoic, 4-ethyldecanoic, 4-ethyldodecanoic, 6-ethyldodecanoic (T), 4-ethyltetradecanoic, 2-ethylhexadecanoic (T) and 4-ethylhexadecanoic acids have been previously identified or tentatively identified (T) in buck fibre extracts. This shows that the chemical composition of buck fibre lipid is more complex than previously reported, and that it may be more difficult than previously thought to artificially duplicate the odour of the buck.
Buck fibre samples had lower average
concentrations of 2-methylpropanoic, 2-methylbutanoic, iso-pentadecanoic, anteiso-pentadecanoic, iso-hexadecanoic, anteiso-heptadecanoic, iso-octadecanoic and anteiso-nonadecanoic acids as compared with fibre samples from does, spayed does, or wethers that were castrated at one month of age. The reduced concentrations of these fatty acids in buck fibre extracts were likely to be due to the synthesis of ethyl branched derivatives of iso and anteiso fatty acids. Buck fibre samples had higher concentrations of benzoic acid as compared with fibre samples from does, spayed does, or wethers that were castrated at one month of age. The significance of these results is that non buck specific fatty acids may also make a contribution to the odour of bucks.
When fibre samples were collected at various times throughout the year, it was found that the bucks had increased amounts of lipid and ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples shorn from March to September, as compared with fibre samples shorn in November and January. The increase in the amount of lipid and ethyl branched fatty acids corresponded with both the rutting period of the buck and the period when the buck odour was increased. This suggests that ethyl branched fatty acids could be pheromones.
The variation in lipid content and fatty acid composition was also examined between fibre samples collected from different body regions of the buck during April, as alterations in sebaceous gland activity around the neck during rutting have been reported. It was found that the average amount of lipid in the neck region of the bucks was not statistically higher than the average amounts in the midside and hind regions. However, the ethyl branched fatty acid concentrations were statistically higher in the fibre from around the neck as compared with the fibre from the other body regions, which is consistent with the odour of the buck being most pronounced around the head and neck region.
The lipid content and composition of fibre samples from bucks fed high and low quality diets (lucerne and pangola grass, respectively) was examined to determine the effect of nutrition on buck specific components. The high quality diet increased the amount of lipid and ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples collected in April from the neck, midside and hind regions, as compared with fibre samples from the corresponding body regions from bucks fed the low quality diet. Thus it may be possible for the pheromone levels of bucks to be increased by simply providing them with good nutrition.
The lipid content and ethyl branched fatty acid concentrations of fibre samples increased earlier in the year for the lucerne fed bucks as compared with the pangola grass fed bucks. The lucerne fed bucks had increased concentrations of ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples shorn during December to June (6 months) whereas the pangola grass fed bucks had increased concentrations of ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples shorn during April to August (4 months). These observations show that good nutrition can result in both the earlier production of ethyl branched fatty acids and an extended period when ethyl branched fatty acids are produced. This suggests that nutrition can be used to manipulate pheromone levels in the buck. The period when the ethyl branched fatty acids were increased corresponded with the period when the plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations, odour and sebaceous gland volume of the bucks were increased, which supports the assumption that ethyl branched fatty acids are involved in odour production and act as pheromones.
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Lehloenya, KC, and JPC Greyling. "Embryo transfer using cryopreserved Boer goat blastocysts." South African Journal of Animal Science, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001198.
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The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of embryo cryopreservation techniques on the survivability of embryos and fertility following transfer to Boer goat does. The oestrous cycles of 27 mature recipients Boer goat does were synchronised using controlled internal drug release dispensers (CIDR’s) for 16 days. At CIDR removal, does were injected with 300 IU eCG. The recipient does were allocated to 3 groups (n = 9 per group), based on the technique of cryopreservation used for the embryos transferred. The in vivo produced embryos used were at blastocyst stage and surgically collected on day 6 following AI from Boer goat donors superovulated with pFSH. The first group received fresh embryos and served as the control, the second group of does received conventional slow frozen/thawed embryos and the third group received vitrified/thawed embryos. Two blastocysts were transferred per doe. A pregnancy rate of 85.7% (n = 6) was obtained following the transfer of fresh embryos and tended to be better than in does receiving slow frozen and vitrified embryos, (n = 4; 50.0% and n = 3; 37.5% does pregnant, respectively). The overall gestation period recorded for all does was 146.3 ± 3.0 d, with an overall litter size of 1.7 ± 0.5 being recorded. The kidding rate of the recipient does declined to 57.0% (4) and 25.0% (2) for fresh and conventional slow frozen groups, respectively. An embryo survival rate of 35.7% (n = 5) for fresh, 25.0% (n = 4) for conventional slow freezing and 31.3% (n = 5) for vitrification was recorded and was not affected by the number of CL’s present on the respective ovaries at the time of transfer. There was a tendency for more females to be born than males (ratio 1 : 2, male : female) but this could not be related to the cryopreservation technique. Although the pregnancy rate following the transfer of fresh embryos was satisfactory, the embryo survival rate following the transfer of either fresh or cryopreserved embryos tended to be less acceptable. More research is warranted with larger numbers of animals, directed at improving the survivability of embryos following fresh and cryopreserved goat embryo transfer.
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Kirk, Angela L. "Knowledge and attitudes of West Virginia extension agents and high school agricultural educators with regard to meat goats and the meat goat industry." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4571.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 78 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-61).
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Tracey, John Paul. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050708.103427/.
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Granlund, Henrik. "Integration of SVRS into the modelling tool GOAT." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51131.
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<p>This document is the final report to the thesis executed by Henrik Granlund at the University of Linköping. The thesis is a practical assignment which includes an extension of the currently existing modelling tool GOAT. The extension regards to a integration of the internet based security database, the SHIELDS SVRS. The report goes through an overview of how GOAT is designed and later also the parts that has been extended. There after follows a summary and discussion about the work.</p>
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Tracey, John Paul, and n/a. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Management, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050708.103427.
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(1) Reliable measures of population abundance are essential for managing wildlife
effectively. Aerial surveys provide a rapid and efficient means of surveying large mammals
and many techniques have been developed to adjust for the inability to count all animals
within transects. The probability of detection varies according to a range of factors which
are important to consider when estimating density. Standardised survey methods developed
in flat country are not readily transferable to steep terrain due to safety, access and
difficulties delineating transect widths. Other methods have logistic constraints and must
adhere to various other assumptions.
(2) Density estimators are seldom examined using actual population size, hence their
ability to correct for true bias is unknown. Studies that compare techniques are difficult to
interpret because of the uncertainty of adherence to their respective assumptions. Factors
influencing detection probability, estimators that correct for bias, the validity of their
assumptions and how these relate to true density are important considerations for selecting
suitable methods. The aim of this study was to obtain accurate and reliable methods for
estimating the density of feral goats by improving predictions of detection probability,
investigating the assumptions of aerial surveys, and examining the accuracy of 15 density
estimators by comparing with total counts of feral goats.
(3) Group size, vegetation and observer were the most important factors influencing the
probability of observing a group of goats during aerial surveys. However, different
approaches to analysing these data influenced the significance of variables and the
predicted probabilities. Goat colour, type of helicopter, site and rear observer experience in
hours were also found to be significant (P<0.05) when using likelihood equations based on
all animals in the population rather than only those in the sample. The slope of the terrain
was also shown to significantly (P=0.014) affect the probability of detection.
(4) Indices are commonly used in wildlife management for their simplicity and
practicality, but their validity has been questioned because of variable probability of
detection. Results of this study suggest aerial survey indices are useful in monitoring a
range of medium-sized mammal species across space and time if differences in detection
probability between species, group size, vegetation and observer are considered and their
effects are standardised.
(5) An assumption of most sampling regimes that is fundamental but rarely examined is
that animals are not counted more than once. In this study the behavioural responses of
feral goats to helicopters were investigated as a basis for estimating the probability that
goats were recounted. No long-term consequences were evident in feral goat behaviour of
responses to helicopters. However, helicopter surveys were found to alter the structure of
42% of groups observed, with 28% of groups merging with others and 14% splitting into
separate groups. Therefore, group size estimated from the air should not be considered as
biologically important, and when estimating density, researchers should also avoid using
group sizes determined from independent ground observations to correct group sizes
determined from aerial surveys. Goats were also more likely to flush further when
helicopters were within 150 m, which is close to or within standard helicopter strip widths.
Substantial movement occurred between transects and 21% of goats were estimated to be
available for recounting in adjacent transects.
(6) Different detection probabilities between groups of goats may be particularly
relevant when using double-counting, where multiple observers are �capturing� and
�recapturing� animals in the same instant. Many analyses test and adjust for this �unequal
catchability� assumption in different ways, with the approaches of Huggins and Alho
allowing prediction of unique probability values for a range of co-variates. The approach of
Chao attempts to correct for skewed distributions in small samples. The Horvitz-Thompson
approach provides a useful basis for estimating abundance (or density) when detection
probability can be estimated and is known to vary between observations according to a
range of independent variables, and also avoids errors associated with averaging group size.
(7) After correcting for recounting, the Alho estimator applied to helicopter surveys
was the most accurate (Bias = 0.02) and reliable of all techniques, which suggests that
estimates were improved by taking into account unconditional detection probability and
correcting individual observations according to their characteristics. The positive bias
evident in the Chao (Bias = 0.28) and Petersen (Bias = 0.15) aerial survey estimators may
have been a result of averaging detection probability across all observations. The
inconsistency and inaccuracy of the ground-based area-count technique emphasises the
importance of other assumptions in density estimation, such as representative sampling and
availability bias. The accuracy of index-manipulation-index techniques was dependent on
the indices used. Capture-recapture estimates using mustering showed slight negative bias
(Bias = -0.08), which was likely a result of increased probability of re-capture (i.e. trap
happy). Ground-based capture-resight estimates were labour intensive and positively biased
(Bias = 0.13), likely due to underestimating the area sampled, or overestimating the number
of unmarked individuals with each sample.
(8) Helicopter survey using double-counting is recommended for estimating the density
of feral goats in steep terrain. However, consideration of recounting under intensive
sampling regimes and adjustments for the factors that influence unconditional detection
probability is required.
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Wigmore, Kip. "The primordial germ cells of the goat fetus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43237.pdf.
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Parker, Todd Avery. "Elucidating the immunoactivity of a goat serum peptide." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03072002-141009.
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Grosso, L. "HEALTH AND WELFARE IN ORGANIC DAIRY GOAT FARMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/243486.
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European and Italian dairy goat farming has increasingly turned towards organic method. This production system aims at ensuring high levels of animal health and welfare, by reducing the use of allophatic medicine and creating well-balanced agro-ecosystems. Despite the growing importance of organic farming, researches on this field are still relatively limited, in particular with respect to the evaluation of animal welfare in organic goats. New research would contribute to improve organic goat husbandry as well as to fulfil consumers’ demand.
This thesis investigates two fundamental health and welfare issues related to the use of pasture in organic dairy goat farming: 1) gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and their control strategies (Chapters 1 and 2), and 2) positive emotional state and its assessment in goats (Chapter 3). It relies on a series of experimental studies performed in a commercial organic dairy goat farm in Lombardy between 2012 and 2014.
Following a literature review on sustainable strategies to control GIN, the first study evaluates the efficacy of a commercial herbal product in controlling GIN compared to conventional allopathic anthelmintic.
The results show significant differences between treatments (conventional < phytotherapic) (P < 0.05) in terms of fecal egg count per gram (EPG), throughout the experimental period. Both the anthelmintic products (conventional and phytoterapic) showed low efficacy for GIN’s control: the allophatic product was effective only at 60 days post-treatment (fecal egg count reduction > 90%), while the phytotherapic product did not reach the threshold values during the whole study period. Furthermore the herbal anthelmintic showed great differences in individual responses within the group.
The second study aims at evaluating the efficacy of pumpkin seeds used as anthelmintics in traditional veterinary medicine, to reduce fecal egg count. No significant differences in EPG were found in the pumpkin seed-treated group compared to a negative control throughout the study period. In both these trials, the goats showed a great tolerance to GIN, suggesting the goats’ ability to cope with infections, and that preventive strategies, including grazing management, are paramount for GIN control.
The third study tests the validity and repeatability of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA), as a tool to assess positive emotional state and thus the “overall” welfare of dairy goats. Principal Component Analysis on QBA scores point out that goats’ demeanour on intensive and organic farms is different, showing that access to pasture has a positive effect on goats’ emotional state. Moreover, the results show a good inter-observer reliability across three dimensions of goat demeanour (PC1: r = 0.75, P = 0.001; PC2: r = 0.67, P = 0.006; PC3: r = 0.69, P = 0.004). These results highlight the promising role of QBA as part of welfare assessment protocols for goats, especially in organic farming.
As a broader conclusion, this thesis raises further questions on the extent to which GIN actually represent a serious problem for organic goats’ health and welfare. Answering this question would have practical implications for determining the most adequate treatment strategy for goats, both with phytotherapy as well as with traditional methods. In light of these results, further controlled studies are encouraged to assess the health and welfare of organic grazing goats from a multidimensional perspective and to develop standardized methods for their evaluation.
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Zhou, Xiaofeng. "Adoption of non-traditional enterprises by Virginia farmers." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040519/.
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Salvadeo, Vitor Manoel. "Projeto e análise térmica de tanques de resfriamento de leite de cabra "in natura" para quatro ordenhas /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91728.
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Orientador: Paulo César Razuk<br>Banca: Augusto Ronchi Junior<br>Banca: Waldemar Gastoni Venturini Filho<br>Resumo: O produtor de leite de cabra, com o apoio e incentivo de entidades governamentais, privadas e ONGs; agrega tecnologia ao leite garantindo uma melhor distribuição de renda e qualidade de vida, fixando-se cada vez mais no campo. O resfriamento do leite após a ordenha é a melhor medida para retardar a proliferação natural das bactérias e sua temperatura deverá ser reduzida de 36 ºC para 4 ºC no período máximo de 2 horas em cada ordenha. O tempo transcorrido entre a primeira ordenha e seu recebimento na usina de beneficiamento deverá ser, no máximo, de 48 horas. Neste trabalho propõe-se projetar e analisar tanques de resfriamento de leite com capacidades úteis de 320, 500 e 2000 litros em aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304, utilizando-se do coeficiente global médio (U) e das temperaturas médias de saturação do fluido de refrigeração (X) obtidos em ensaios experimentais. Um objetivo secundário foi verificar a possibilidade da utilização de caixas d'água de polietileno com a mesma capacidade dos tanques, por ser um produto acessível, de baixo custo e que atende as exigências sanitárias, visando obter um produto que possa substituir o aço inoxidável, mas descartou-se esta possibilidade, pois o fundo plano destas caixas dificultaria a retirada do produto e a limpeza. Nos cálculos envolvidos na geometria para a construção dos tanques, utilizou-se da relação entre a altura cilíndrica e o diâmetro que contemplasse respectivamente, o número... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The goat milk producer, with support and encouragement of governmental and private agencies as well as NGOs, aggregate technology to milk production ensuring a better distribution of income and life quality for all his family, making it possible the maintenance of the country life. The milk cooling ater the milking process is the best alternative to delay the natural proliferation of bacteria. The milk temperature should be reduced from 36 ºC to 4 ºC in a maximum period of time of two hours for each milking. The elapsed time between the first milking and the milk delivery in the processing plant shall be at most 48 hours. In this work, we propose to design and analyze milk cooling AISI 304 austenitic stainless ateel 320, 500 and 2000 liters tanks, using the mean global coefficient (U) and mean saturation temperatures of the refrigeration fluid (X), obtained experimentally. Besides stainless steel built tanks, accessible low cost polyethylene watertanks, with same dimensions of the steel tanks, attending the necessary sanitary requirements were used, aiming for an alternative product that can replace stainless steel. However, this possibility was rejected, because its flat basis would make it hard the product removal and its cleaning. During the geometric calculations in the manufacturing of the tanks, the relationship betwwen the cylindrical height and the diameter was defined in order to provide the golden ratio and batch square... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Roura, Llerda Montserrat. "Fatty acids goat follicular fluid: effect on oocyte competence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399336.
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Els àcids grassos (AAGG) són una important font d’energia pels oòcits en fase de creixement. Per tant, l’estudi del fluid fol·licular (FF) on aquests oòcits maduren és d’especial interès. En estudis previs, Romaguera i col. (2011) va concloure que els oòcits de fol·licles grans (≥ 3mm) eren més competents que els de fol·licles petits. A més, Catalá i col. (2015) van demostrar que hi havia una producció diferencial d’embrions entre les estacions de l’any, sent significativament més baixes a la tardor que a l’hivern.
La nostra hipòtesi va ser que el perfil d’AAGG de cabres adultes i prepúbers, així com de diferents mides de fol·licle i de diferents estacions de l’any, ens podria donar informació per poder-ho relacionar amb la competència oocitària. El nostre objectiu va ser determinar si es podria fer servir aquest perfil com a marcador molecular per la qualitat oocitària.
En l’experiment 1, vàrem analitzar el perfil d’AAGG en FF de cabres adultes i prepúbers, segons edat, mida del fol·licle i època de l’any. Entre d’altres, vàrem trobar diferències en el total d’AAGG poliinsaturats (PUFA), la ràtio n6:n3 segons edat de la femella i mida de fol·licle i per estacions de l’any.
En l’experiment 2, vàrem avaluar la competència de l’oòcit provinent de femelles prepúbers afegint diferents ràtios dels àcids linoleic (LA: n6 PUFA) i α-linolenic (ALA: n3 PUFA) en el medi de MIV. Vàrem observar que la ràtio LA:ALA 200:50 µM tenia un efecte perjudicial sobre el desenvolupament embrionari dels oòcits quan es comparava amb els grups control i la resta dels tractaments (100:50 i 50:50 µM), quan els oòcits eren fecundats in vitro (FIV) (2.63 % vs ≈ 13 %) però no quan eren activats partenogenèticament.
L’experiment 3 consistia en l’estudi de l’efecte de les diferents ràtios de LA:ALA en l’oòcit de cabra prepúber avaluant l’activitat i distribució mitocondrial, la concentració d’ATP i l’expressió gènica relativa. Vàrem observar que hi havia un canvi si es comparava els oòcits en el moment de recol·lecció i després de 24h de MIV en l’activitat mitocondrial, en la distribució d’aquests orgànuls i en la producció d’ATP. A més, en el grup de 200:50 µM l’activitat mitocondrial era més alta que en la resta de grups. Es van analitzar l’expressió relativa de 9 gens que es troben alterats si la cèl·lula pateix estrès, comprometent la seva viabilitat. D’entre aquests gens, es varen trobar diferències d’expressió entre les 0 i 24h de maduració pels gens: GPX1, RPL19 i SOD1, però no entre els diferents tractaments.
En conclusió, es va trobar que el perfil d’AAGG de FF de cabra és similar a la del fluid fol·licular de vaques, ovelles i dona. Les principals diferències trobades en les cabres es devien principalment a l'edat de la femella. Es va trobar una relació directa entre la ràtio n6:n3 present en el FF segons mida del fol·licle i estació de l’any amb resultats previs en el nostre laboratori en la producció in vitro d’embrions, suggerint que aquesta ràtio podria ser un bon biomarcador de la competència dels oòcits. L'efecte negatiu de la més alta ràtio de LA:ALA en la competència dels oòcits no estava relacionada, tal com s’havia observat en altres estudis, amb una funció mitocondrial alterada, ni amb un augment de la producció d’espècies reactives d’oxigen o d’estrès del reticle endoplasmàtic com a conseqüència dels resultats obtinguts en l'expressió relativa dels gens estudiats. Per tant, hem hipotetitzat que l'addició d'altes concentracions de LA: ALA es pot relacionar amb una alteració en l'estructura de la membrana plasmàtica causada per una incorporació d'aquests àcids grassos en els fosfolípids de la membrana acompanyats amb el consum d'ATP.<br>Fatty acids (AAGG) are an important source of energy for oocyte growth phase. Therefore, the study of follicular fluid (FF) where they mature, is of special interest. In previous studies, Romaguera et al. (2011) concluded that oocytes from large follicles (≥ 3mm) were more competent than the small follicles. Moreover, Catalá et al. (2015) showed that there was a differential production of embryos between seasons, being significantly lower in autumn than in winter.
Our hypothesis was that the FA profile of FF from prepubertal and adult goats, as well as from different follicle sizes and different seasons, could give us information of the oocyte competence. Our objective was to determine whether this profile could be used as a molecular marker for the quality oocytes.
In the first experiment, we analysed the profile of FA in FF. Among others, we found differences in total AAGG acids (PUFA), and n6: n3 ratio according to age, size of the follicle and seasons.
In the second experiment, we evaluate the competence of oocytes from prepubertal females adding different ratios of linoleic acid (LA: n6 PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA: n3 PUFA) in IVM. We observed ratio LA: ALA 200: 50 µM had a detrimental effect on embryo development of oocytes when compared with control groups and other treatments (100: 50 and 50:50 µM) when oocytes were in vitro fertilized (IVF) (≈ 2.63% vs 13%) but not when they were activated partenogenèticament.
According to the results of the experiment 2, the aim of the experiment 3 was to study the effect of LA:ALA ratios on prepubertal goat oocyte quality by assessing mitochondrial distribution and activity, ATP concentration and relative gene expression. Assessing mitochondrial activity, active mitochondria distribution and ATP concentration in the oocyte, we found that there was a change in this parameters when they were analysed on immature oocytes (collection point) compared to IVM oocytes (after 24 h of maturation). Moreover, the addition of 200:50 µM at IVM modified the mitochondrial activity of these oocytes, being higher compared with the other treatment groups, but no changes were observed in the active mitochondria distribution or ATP concentration. Concerning mRNA relative expression, we analysed 9 genes that are shown to be altered if the cell is under stress, and which development could be compromised: ATF4, DNMT1, GAPDH, GCLC, GPX1/GSH-Px, HSPA5/GPR78, RPL19, SLC2A1/GLUT1, SOD1/CuZnSOD. Among these genes, GPX1, RPL19 and SOD1 showed significant differences when comparing immature and IVM oocytes, but not among groups of treatment.
In conclusion, we found that FA profile of goat FF is similar to the follicular fluid found in cows, sheep and woman. The main differences that we found in goats were mainly due to the age of the female. However, we found a direct relationship between n6:n3 PUFA composition in follicular fluid regarding follicular size and season of the year, with previous results in our lab suggesting that this ratio could be a biomarker of oocyte competence. Moreover, we found that adding 200:50 µM LA:ALA had a detrimental effect on blastocyst production of prepubertal goat oocytes produced by IVF but not by parthenogenetic activation. Contrarily to what was previously concluded in another studies found in the literature, the negative effect of the highest LA:ALA ratio on oocyte competence was not related to impaired mitochondrial function, ROS production or ER stress according to the relative expression of the studied genes. Thus, we hypothesized that the effect of the addition of high concentrations of LA:ALA was related to an alteration on the structure of the plasma membrane caused for an incorporation of these fatty acids in the membrane phospholipids accompanied with ATP consumption.
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Knight, Erika Patrice. "Evaluation of consumer preferences regarding goat meat in Florida." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010284.
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Brown, Joanna R. "Investigation of factors influencing lactation persistency in the goat." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296957.
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Alibhai, Hatim Inayatali Kamruddin. "Caprine anaesthesia : aspects of inhalational anaesthesia in the goat." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367525.
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Tsukahara, Yoko. "Evaluation of crossbreeding for goat production in the tropics." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142345.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第16147号<br>農博第1883号<br>新制||農||991(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H23||N4617(農学部図書室)<br>28726<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 廣岡 博之, 教授 祝前 博明, 教授 松井 徹<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Rigby, Lawrence Dale. "Of goat glands, potency pills, and other conjugal acts /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988695.
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Neopane, Shreeram Prasad. "The genetics of productivity traits in a Nepalese hill goat herd." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265697.
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Lehloenya, KC, JPC Greyling, and S. Grobler. "Effect of season on the superovulatory response in Boer goat does." Elsevier, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000670.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of season on the superovulatory ovarian response and embryo recovery rate in Boer goat does. Twenty mature does (mean body weight of 55 kg) were synchronised for oestrus with the aid of CIDR devices for a period of 17 days and superovulated with pFSH (Folltropin®-Vetrepharm) during the natural breeding season (n = 9) and
non-breeding season (n = 11). The superovulation treatment entailed a total dose of 200 mg pFSH/doe given i.m. in 7 dosages at 12 h intervals, starting 48 h prior to CIDR removal (the first dose being 50 mg and all others 25 mg). Does were observed for signs of oestrous behaviour 3 times daily at 8 h intervals following CIDR withdrawal with the aid of teaser bucks to determine the onset
and duration of the induced oestrous period. Cervical inseminations with 0.1 ml fresh undiluted semen were performed 36 and 48 h following CIDR removal and the embryos surgically flushed 6 days following the second AI. Recovered structures (ova and
embryos) were microscopically evaluated and classified according to their morphology. The total number of structures in terms of unfertilised ova, fertilised ova, degenerated embryos and transferable embryos from each doe flushed was recorded. All the donor
does exhibited oestrus during the breeding and non-breeding season with the mean period to the onset of oestrus (24.9±4.8 h) being significantly (P < 0.05) earlier during the natural breeding season, compared to the non-breeding season (30.5±9.1 h). The duration of the induced oestrous period was also significantly (P < 0.05) longer during the natural breeding season (24.0±5.7 h)
than the non-breeding season (18.2±3.7 h). The mean ovulation rate per donor, total number of structures and embryos recovered per donor did not differ between seasons. The mean number of unfertilised ova per doe was significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the non-breeding season (3.3±2.8), compared to the natural breeding season (0.9±2.4). The total number of degenerated embryos
and transferable embryos however, did not differ between seasons. Season as such had an effect on the onset and duration of the induced oestrous period; however, it did not affect the oestrous response. Therefore, it would seem that superovulation in the Boer
goats is warranted, irrespective of season.
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Bederski, Hans Jurgen 1966. "Adaptation of goat rumen microflora and microfloral activity of non-adapted cow versus goat microflora to tannin rich shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278019.
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Tannins are polyphenolic compounds which precipitate, or conjugate, with proteins to make them indigestible. Tannins appear to confer anti-herbivore defense in shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella), a common browse in the interior chaparral of Central Arizona. The results of the present study indicate that the rumen microflora in goats can adapt to tannin rich diets thereby increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility of shrub live oak leaves. Major digestion inhibitors of shrub live oak appear to be fiber content (NDF, ADF, and lignin) and presence of condensed tannins in the leaves. In vitro dry matter digestibility of oak leaves appears to be higher in rumen microflora from goats than in rumen microflora from cows, although further research is needed to determine digestive efficiency among these species.
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Nassu, Renata Tieko. "Utilização de carne de caprinos no processamento de embutido fermentado, tipo salame." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254684.
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Orientador: Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T15:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Nassu_RenataTieko_D.pdf: 3549167 bytes, checksum: b400fef240ae9317332443f4b20ac6f3 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1999<br>Resumo: Carne de caprinos foi utilizada como principal matéria-prima na elaboração de embutido fermentado. Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes teores de gordura, a utilização de diferentes culturas starters e a incorporação de carne de caprinos junto de carne suína nas características físico-químicos, químicas, sensoriais e microbiológicas nos produtos finais obtidos. A estabilidade oxidativa de embutido fermentado de carne de caprinos, com dois níveis de antioxidante natural (alecrim - Rosmarinus officinalis), à temperatura ambiente, também foi avaliada através de análises periódicas de pH, Aw, TBARS, aceitação global e perfil sensorial descritivo de atributos relacionadas à oxidação dos produtos, durante 90 dias. A formulação com 20% de gordura foi considerada a mais adequada. Os produtos obtidos pela adição de diferentes culturas starters apresentaram-se seguros do ponto de vista microbiológico, com notas de aceitação sensorial similares, porém com diferentes valores finais de pH, Aw e % de ácido lático. Durante estocagem à temperatura ambiente, as amostras apresentaram níveis microbiológicos satisfatórios. No estudo de estabilidade oxidativa, valores iniciais de TBARS indicaram que ocorreu oxidação de lipídios durante as etapas de processamento dos produtos. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre valores de TBARS e análise sensorial, com exceção do atributo "aroma oxidado" para amostra controle. A formulação com 0,05 % de alecrim apresentou melhores características em relação à estabilidade oxidativa, com menor valor de TBARS inicial, maiores somatórios de notas acima de 6 de aceitação sensorial e maior valor de notas sensoriais para o atributos cor vermelha e menores para aroma e sabor oxidado em relação à amostra com 0,025% de alecrim<br>Abstract: Goat meat was used for fermented sausage processing. The effect of different fat levels, starter cultures and mixture of goat meat and pork meat in the physico-chemical, chemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics of final obtained products were evaluated. Oxidative stability of goat meat fermented sausage, containing two different levels of natural antioxidant (rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis), at room temperature was also evaluated through periodical analysis of pH, water activity, TBARS, overall acceptance and descriptive sensory profile of lipid oxidation related attributes, during 90 days. Sample with 20% fat content was considered as the most suitable. Products obtained by addition of different starter cultures were safe from the microbiological point of view, showing similar overall acceptance scores, but different final values of pH, water activity and % lactie acid Microbiologieal analysis were satisfatory during room temperature storage for all studied treatments. Initial values of TBARS indicate that lipid oxidation occured during processing steps of fermented sausages. Significant correlations were not found between TBARS values and sensory analysis, except for oxidized aroma in the control sample. Formulation with rosemary 0,05% showed the best characteristics in relation to oxidative stability, with the lowest TBARS initial value, highest sum of overall acceptance sensory scores and highest value for red color, and lowest for oxidized aroma and flavor, when compared to sample with rosemary 0,025%<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Leung, Lia Mun-Tu. "Representing the real, a design for crime on Goat Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38562.pdf.
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Mengistu, Urge. "Performance of the Ethiopian Somali goat during different watering regimes /." Uppsala : Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200753.pdf.
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Sibanda, Lindiwe Majele. "Studies on the productivity and nutrition of the Matabele goat." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316120.
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Gebbie, Fiona E. "Control of seasonal breeding and coat development in the goat." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2747/.
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The aim of this work was to study the interaction of melatonin and prolactin in the control of seasonal breeding and coat development in goats. British Saanen goats (n=5) were maintained for 8 weeks in long days (20L: 40) followed by 8 weeks exogenous melatonin. Group treatment was staggered over the year in an attempt to dissociate breeding season advance from advanced coat growth. To assess the effect of prolactin suppression, the 20L:4D treatment from January was repeated in consecutive years but followed in March by melatonin (Year 1) or bromocriptine (Year 2). To study further the interaction of melatonin and prolactin on coat development and reproductive advance, goats (n=5) were maintained as follows: 1) natural photoperiod and temperature, Jul-Juni 2) 16L: 8D, natural temperature, Jul-Deci 3) 16L:8D, 17°C, Jul-Decj 4) 8L:16D, 8°C, Dec-Jun. To study melatonin suppression of prolactin, the secretagogues arginine vasopressin, serotonin and thyrotropin releasing hormone were given to goats (n=6) maintained in sequence under 8L:16D, 20L:4D and simulated short days (20L:4D+melatonin). Depending on long-day Imelatonin treatment onset, the breeding season was advanced from November to May, August or September. With 20L:4D followed by melatonin or bromocriptine the spring prolactin rise was delayed. A corresponding delay in winter coat moulting was observed only under melatonin. However, a winter secondary to primary (SIP) follicle ratio was retained with both treatments. Prolactin may determine coat structure, whilst melatonin influences the duration of fibre retention. Under conditions of summer or winter solstice hold, the seasonal prolactin variation was inhibited and initial SIP follicle ratios were retained. A tendency for a spontaneous change in prolactin secretion suggested existence of an endogenous rhythm. Maintained seasonal temperature did not influence melatonin secretion. Dusk and dawn prolactin peaks corresponded with the rise and fall in nocturnal melatonin. Basal prolactin concentrations and peak responses to the secretagogues altered with photoperiod, being low under 8L:16D and increased under 20L:4D. Exogenous melatonin under 20L:4D did not suppress prolactin to short-day concentrations. Invol vement of another factor mediating photoperiodic changes in prolactin secretion is suggested.
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Modiba, Mothupi. "Agricultural commercialisation through innovation platforms: a case for goat production." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32818.
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Empirical evidence has shown that goats are of significance in marginalised, poor, and rural economies and this information has been well documented in scholarly research. Despite its importance and potential contribution, goat farming remains underutilised and undeveloped in the rural economy - particularly in South Africa. Developmental intervention has focused on improving productivity with minimal effort aimed at the integration of key role players in the value chain, and even less emphasis on improving farmers' attitudes. The largest goat population in South Africa is found in the Northern Cape where there is great potential to be realised for goat farming. The main objective of this study was to identify supply side (production) factors constraining subsistence goat production in South Africa, with the view of identifying key actors to establish an innovation platform through vertical integration. By transforming the subsistence farming orientation of goat farmers into a commercial (market) orientation, the welfare of communities can be improved through the commercialisation of smallscale goat farmers. Studies highlight the need to enhance goat production beyond subsistence goat rearing and towards commercialisation through access to markets, veterinary services, credit facilities, and government support. Furthermore, a focus on market development, value chain integration and innovation platforms can improve the efficiency of the goat farming sector. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on goat farming in South Africa and offers an innovation platform to foster partnerships among the actors along the value chain, creating an enabling environment for the easy flow of market information and infrastructure development. A praxis model is incorporated into this research. This takes the form of a business model and is provided in Appendix B as a practical way of applying the knowledge gathered in this research.
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Decker, Richard E. Jr. "Production and Biocompatibility of Spider Silk Proteins in Goat Milk." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7288.
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Due to its strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility, spider silk is a highly appealing material for applications in the medical field. Unfortunately, natural spider silk is difficult to obtain in large quantities because spiders are territorial and cannibalistic, making them impractical to farm. Synthetic spider silk proteins produced by transgenic hosts such as bacteria and goats have made it possible to obtain the quantities of spider silk needed to study it more fully and to investigate its potential uses. The spider silk proteins produced in our laboratory do not have an optimal purification method to remove all of the non-biocompatible contaminants and have not previously been tested for their biocompatibility. The first focus of this dissertation was to create goat cells that can be used to create new goats. These new goats will produce proteins that can be purified more efficiently and more completely. The second focus of this dissertation was to perform biocompatibility tests on goat-derived spider silk proteins. Prior to performing any biocompatibility tests, a method was established for removing endotoxins – an impurity that causes an immune response in the body – from the proteins. This work has shed light on areas for improvement in the silk protein purification process and laid groundwork for the production of new goat-derived proteins. These steps will help make it possible for synthetic spider silk to progress further toward becoming a viable biomaterial.
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Van, der Merwe Daniel Andre. "Developing a model for feedlot production of Boer goat slaughter kids." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97903.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, the effects of energy content of the feedlot diet as well as the length of the production period were investigated for Boer goat slaughter kids. The kids were housed in individual pens on the Elsenburg experimental farm, Western Cape, South Africa. Boer goat castrate kids were weaned at approximately 18 weeks of age (weighing 22.2 ± 3.5 kg) and were randomly allocated to one of three trial diets that varied in energy content; namely a low, medium and high energy diet (11.3, 12.0 and 12.7 MJ ME/ kg feed respectively) which were supplied ad libitum. The goats were further randomly allocated to one of five slaughter groups that were slaughtered at five week intervals at a commercial abattoir. The first group of goats was slaughtered at the start of the trial in order to serve as a baseline reference. During the study the effects of dietary energy content, and time spent in the feedlot were investigated for the feedlot production and slaughter characteristics of Boer goat kids. Additionally the effect of the energy content of the feedlot diets on the sensory and chemical properties of goat meat were evaluated.
During the production period individual feed intake and live weight gain were monitored on a weekly basis. It was observed that live weight of the goats increased throughout the production period. Quadratic functions were used to describe the change in average daily gain and dry matter intake of the goats during the feeding period. Goats that were fed the low and medium energy diets exhibited higher daily gains (P= 0.02) and dry matter intakes (P< 0.01) than goats on the high energy diets. Dietary energy content and age of the animal in the feedlot did not influence the feed conversion ratio to produce a unit of live weight. A linear function was used to model the growth of the goats during this production period. The goats were not able to reach the point of inflection on the growth curve. Therefore the sigmoidal growth curve could not be plotted which could have been modelled by a function similar to the Gompertz model.
Dressing percentages of the carcasses varied throughout the production period for all the diets, with goats on the low energy diet having the lowest dressing percentage (45.8%; P= 0.04). The energy content of the trial diets had no effect on the yield of the offal components and retail cuts of the carcass. Generally it was observed that the yields of the hindquarter and neck cuts decreased whilst that of the forequarter increased with the age of the goats at slaughter. The degree of carcass fatness increased with time spent in the feedlot, with the majority of fat being deposited in the abdominal cavity, rather than in the subcutaneous fat depot.
Dietary energy content was expected to influence the levels of intramuscular fat, which in turn would affect the eating quality of the meat. However, the levels of energy in the diets fed to goats did not influence the tenderness, juiciness or the aroma and flavour profiles of the goat meat as observed during descriptive sensory analysis of the meat by a trained panel. Chemical analysis of the cooked meat samples also showed that the levels of intramuscular fat did not vary between the samples, resulting in the lack of differences detected between treatments in the sensory evaluation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is die effek van die energie-inhoud van die voerkraal dieet, tesame met die lengte van die produksie tydperk, vir Boerbok lammers ondersoek. Die lammers is in individuele kampies gehuisves op die Elsenburg proefplaas, Wes- Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die gekastreerde Boerbok lammers is gespeen op ’n ouderdom van ongeveer 18 weke (gewig van 22.2 ± 3.5 kg) en is ewekansig toegewys aan een van die drie proefdiëte waarvan die energie-inhoud gewissel het; naamlik 'n lae, medium en hoë-energie dieet (11.3, 12.0 en 12.7 MJ ME / kg voer onderskeidelik) wat ad libitum verskaf is. Die bokke is verder lukraak toegewys aan een van vyf slag groepe, wat met vyf weke tussenposes by ’n kommersiële abattoir geslag is. Die eerste groep bokke is aan die begin van die proef geslag om sodoende as basislyn verwysing te dien. Tydens die studie is die effek van die verskil in energie-inhoud van die dieet en die tyd wat in die voerkraal gespandeer is, op die voerkraal produksie en slag eienskappe van die Boerbok lammers ondersoek. Daarbenewens is die effek van die verskil in energie-inhoud van die voerkraal dieet op die sensoriese en chemiese eienskappe van bokvleis geëvalueer.
Tydens die produksie periode is individuele voerinname en liggaamsgewig toename op ’n weeklikse basis gemonitor. Dit is waargeneem dat die liggaamsgewig van die bokke tydens die hele produksie tydperk toegeneem het. Kwadratiese funksies is gebruik om die verandering in die gemiddelde daaglikse toename tydens die voerperiode, sowel as die droëmateriaal inname van die bokke te beskryf. Bokke wat die lae en medium-energie diëte gevoer is, het hoër daaglikse toenames (P = 0.02) en droë materiaal inname (P< 0.01) as bokke op die hoë-energie dieet getoon. Die voeromset verhouding benodig om ’n eenheid lewendige gewig te produseer is nie beïnvloed deur die energie-inhoud van die dieet, of die ouderdom van die bokke in die voerkraal nie. ’n Lineêre funksie is toegepas om die groei van die bokke gedurende die produksie tydperk te modelleer. Die groei van die bokke kon nie die infleksiepunt van die groeikurwe bereik nie. Dus kon die sigmoïdale groeikurwe nie getrek word nie, wat deur ’n funksie soortgelyk aan die Gompertz model gemodelleer kon word.
Uitslag persentasies van die karkasse het l regdeur die produksie tydperk varieër vir al die diëte; bokke op die lae-energie dieet het die laagste uitslagpersentasie gehad (45.8%; P = 0.04). Die energie-inhoud van die proefdiëte het geen effek op die opbrengs van die afval komponente en handelsnitte van die karkasse gehad nie. Oorhoofs is dit waargeneem dat die opbrengs van die agterkwart en neksnitte afgeneem het, terwyl dié van die voorkwart toegeneem het met slag ouderdom. Die vetheidsgraad van die karkas het toegeneem met tyd spandeer in die voerkraal, met die meerderheid van die vet gedeponeer in die buikholte, eerder as in die onderhuidse vetlaag.
Daar is verwag dat die energie-inhoud van die dieet die vlakke van binnespierse vet sal beïnvloed, wat op sy beurt ‘n effek op die eetkwaliteit van die vleis sal hê.. Teenstrydig met verwagtinge het die vlakke van energie in die dieet van die bokke geen invloed gehad op die sagtheid, sappigheid of die aroma en geur profiele van bokvleis nie, soos waargeneem deur middel van beskrywende sintuiglike analise van die vleis deur 'n opgeleide paneele. Chemiese ontleding van die gaar vleismonsters het ook geen verskillein die vlakke van binnespierse vet tussen die verskillende monsters getoon nie, wat gelei het tot daar geen verskille tussen die behandelings in die sensoriese evaluasie waargeneem is nie.
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Ait, Saidi Adel. "Implementing electronic identification for performance recording in sheep and goat farms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283364.
Full textAbstract:
Los costes de implementación de la identificación electrónica (e-ID) para cumplir la legislación europea preocupan el sector ovino y caprino. Con el motivo de cuantificar los beneficios secundarios del uso de la e-ID para el ganadero, se realizaron 4 experimentos para evaluar los resultados productivos, costes y beneficios de implementar un sistema manual (M; crotales visuales y anotación en papel) o semi-automatico (SA; bolos electrónicos y descarga automática de datos) para el registro de producciones in caprino y ovino.
En Exp.1, se utilizaron 24 cabras Murciano-Granadina para comparar el uso de M y SA en el control lechero realizado con 1 ordeño/d (×1) y en una sala 2×12. No se observaron diferencias en el tiempo de control lechero, pero SA fue 75% más rápido en la descarga de datos que el M. El uso de SA ahorró 8 s/cabra en el tiempo total. No se observaron diferencias entre M y SA en los errores de datos (0.6%), pero M produjo un 1.1% más de errores de descarga de datos. La reducción del coste de trabajo con SA varió según el tamaño del rebaño (24-480 cabras) y se evaluó por el 40% del coste de implementación de e-ID.
En el Exp.2, se utilizó un rebaño de 48 ovejas lecheras para comparar los sistemas M y SA (HHR, e-ID con bolos; PDA, agenda electrónica e ID visual) en condiciones de ×1 (n = 24) o ×2 (2 ordeños/d; n = 24) y una sala de 2×12. No se observó interacción entre día × sistema indicando una experiencia previa del operador. La descarga de datos fue más rápida en ambos sistemas SA que en M. Como resultado, el control lechero incluyendo la descarga de datos, fue más rápido en SA que en M, siendo el ahorro de 7 y 15 s/oveja para ×1 y ×2, respectivamente. Los errores en M fueron 3.6%, no detectándose en SA.
En el Exp.3 se compararon los sistemas M y SA para el control de paridera, utilizando 2 rebaños de 73 ovejas de leche y 80 de carne, durante 2 periodos distintos. A pesar de que la prolificidad fue similar, el tiempo de control de paridera fue mayor en ovejas de leche que en carne, debido a la menor experiencia del operador y la suciedad de crotales. El tiempo total de control de paridera fue mayor en M que SA en las ovejas de leche y de carne, resultando con un ahorro de 36 y 48 s/oveja, respectivamente. Los errores de descarga de datos sólo ocurrieron en M (4.9%).
Finalmente, en Exp.4, se implementaron los sistemas M y automático (AU) para el registro de peso vivo (PV) utilizando una báscula electrónica en un rebaño de 120 ovejas de leche y 120 de carne. El tiempo medio de pesado, descarga de datos y el tiempo total, fueron mayores en M que AU, resultando con un ahorro de medio de 22 s/oveja. Los errores de descarga de datos sólo ocurrieron en M (8.8%).
Los resultados de las Exp. 2, 3 y 4 se integraron en un estudio coste-beneficio para 4 tipos de granjas de ovino tipo de carne (700 ovejas; sistema extensivo o intensivo) y de leche (400 ovejas; control lechero ×1 o ×2). Los beneficios de usar SA o AU variaron según la raza, el número de controles/año, el coste de lectores y el tamaño del rebaño. Como conclusión, el uso de e-ID para el control de producciones ahorró el 50% de tiempo y mejoró la fiabilidad de los datos. En el caso de e-ID opcional, los costes del control de producciones cubrieron del 15 al 70% la inversión inicial. En el caso de e-ID obligatoria o cuando se usó la PDA, los ahorros pagaron la totalidad de los costes. El coste de los lectores fue responsable del 40 al 90% del total en los 2 escenarios.<br>European legislation made mandatory the use of electronic identification (e-ID) for sheep and goats which cost is questioned in practice. This thesis aimed to quantify the costs and derived benefits of using e-ID at farm level. Thus, 4 experiments were carried out to assess the performance and the cost-benefit of manual (M; visual ear tags and paper forms) or semi-automated (SA; e-ID boluses and automated data downloading) systems implemented for performance recording.
In Exp.1, 24 dairy goats were used to compare M and SA (standard boluses) for milk recording under once daily milking (×1). No difference in milk recording time was observed but SA was 75% faster in uploading data into a computer than M. Use of SA instead of M saved 8 s/goat in total time of milk recording. Although, no difference in data error was detected between M and SA at milk recording, 1.1% of errors occurred only at M data uploading. Reduction in labor time cost varied by herd size and accounted 40% of e-ID implementation costs. Results highlighted the need of operator training in SA system.
In Exp.2, a flock of 48 dairy ewes was used to compare M and SA (HHR, handheld reader and small-boluses; PDA, personal digital assistant and v-ID) milk recording systems under ×1, (n = 24) or twice- (×2, n = 24) daily milkings. No interaction between system×test-day was observed, agreeing with the operator expertise. Data transfer was markedly faster for both SA systems than in M. Consequently, total milk recording was faster for both ×1 and ×2 in SA systems than for M, saving 7 and 15 s/ewe, respectively. Data errors averaged 3.6% in M, whereas no errors were found in SA. Results demonstrated the time-affectivity of HHR and PDA systems for milk recording in dairy ewes.
In Exp.3, Data recording at lambing by M and HHR systems were compared using 2 flocks of 73 dairy and 80 meat ewes. Time for lambing recording was greater in dairy than in meat ewes, due to the lower operator experience and ear tag dirtiness. Overall time for lambing recording was greater in M than HHR for both dairy and meat flocks, saving 36 and 48 s/ewe, respectively. Data uploading errors only occurred in M (4.9%).
Finally, in Exp.4, BW recording of 120 dairy and 120 meat ewes using an electronic scale was performed by M and AU (automatic using e-ID and stationary reader) systems. In both flocks, mean BW recording and data uploading times, as well as overall BW recording time, were greater in M than in AU, saving on average 22 s/ewe. Uploading errors only occurred in M (8.8%). In conclusion, e-ID for SA and AU performance recording saved time and increased the reliability of the collected data.
Results of Exp.2, 3 and 4 were integrated into a whole cost-benefit study for typical meat (700 ewes; extensive or intensive) and dairy (400 ewes; ×1 or ×2 milk recording daily) farms. Benefits of using SA or AU mainly depended on sheep breed, test-days per yr, reader prices and flock size. Use of e-ID increased the cost of performance recording in the optional scenario, partially paying the investment made (15 to 70%). For mandatory e-ID or by using PDA, savings paid 100% of the extra-costs in all farm types, indicating their cost-effectiveness for sheep performance recording. In both scenarios, reader price was the most important extra-cost (40 to 90%) of e-ID implementation.
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Midence, Diaz Luis Fernando. "THE GOAT OR, WHO IS SYLVIA?: A PERFORMANCE AT MIAMI UNIVERSITY." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1179850855.
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Wasse, Alexander Michael Richard. "The development of goat and sheep herding during the Levantine Neolithic." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318011/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the development of goat and sheep herding in the Levant during the Neolithic period, and focuses particularly on the emergence of caprines as major early domesticates and the development of specialised pastoral economies. It is divided into two sections. The first consists of a critical review of published palaeoclimatic, archaeological, archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data, which are integrated to provide baseline interpretations of caprine domestication and the development of specialised pastoral economies. The second section presents the results of a zooarchaeological analysis of the faunal assemblage from the Neolithic site of 'Ain Ghazal, located in the Jordanian Highlands, which are evaluated in the context of the two baseline interpretations presented in the first section. The relative merits of the different methods by which archaeological caprine remains can be identified to species are also discussed. It is argued that goats were probably first domesticated in or immediately adjacent to the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains during the 10th millennium b.p., and that mouflon were probably first domesticated in the piedmont zones of the Taurus and Zagros Mountains during the first half of the 9th millennium b.p. The independent domestication of goats in the Zagros Mountains during the first half of the 9th millennium b.p. is regarded as a strong possibility. It is concluded that the concepts of there have been a temporal gap between the appearance of the earliest permanent agricultural villages and the earliest domestic caprines, and that significant periods of loose-herding preceded the full domestication of these species, may need to be reconsidered. Pastoral economies during the Levantine Neolithic seem to have been based on sedentary animal husbandry aimed at subsistence-orientated meat production. There is however some evidence that simple forms of distant pastures husbandry, still focused on subsistenceorientated meat production, may have developed during the Neolithic period.
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Slabbert, Johannes Tobias. "Identification of two CYP17 alleles in the South African Angora goat." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53455.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes:
1. The isolation of total RNA and mRNA from Angora goat adrenals.
2. Synthesis and nucleotide sequence alignment of Angora goat CYPI7 cDNA. Two DNA
sequences were produced, identifying two CVP 17 alleles in an Angora goat from the
Swartland district.
3. The development of a CYPI7 genotype test for Angora goats.
4. Genotyping of Angora goats and Boer goats with the developed genotype test.
S. Mapping of the substituted amino acids in the amino terminal of CVP 17 to a specific
CYPI7 genotype.
6. Partial synthesis and alignment of Angora goat genomic nucleotide CYPI7 sequences.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf:
1. Die isolering van totale RNA en mRNA van Angorabok byniere.
2. Sintese en nukleotied volgorde oplyning van Angorabok CYP17 eDNA. Twee DNA
volgordes is geproduseer, en so is twee CYP17 allele in 'n Angorabok van die Swartland
omgewing geïdentifiseer.
3. Die ontwikkeling van 'n CYP17 genotipe toets vir Angorabokke.
4. Genotipering van Angorabokke en Boerbokke met die ontwikkelde genotipe toets.
5. Korrelering van die omgeruilde aminosure in die aminoterminaal van CYPl7 met 'n
spesifieke genotipe.
6. Gedeeltelike sintese en oplyning van Angorabok genomiese CYPl7 nukleotied volgordes.
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Dlamini, Bhekisisa Chushuta. "Acid adaptation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in fermented goat milk." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02102009-102022.
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Alberti, E. G. "INVESTIGATING THE HOST¿PARASITE INTERACTION: INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN A GOAT MODEL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216314.
Full textAbstract:
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infect small ruminants throughout the world and are an important cause of disease and production loss. Our research focused on the nematode–host interactions in the goat and the work was developed through different approaches. In particular we studied the effects of GIN infection on milk yield and quality; the trends of FEC under natural and experimental infection comparing the egg emission between a local goat breed (Nera di Verzasca) and a more selected one (Alpine); the levels of parasite-specific circulating antibodies to investigate if the differing susceptibilities to nematode infection found in the two goat breeds were due to differences in the humoral immune response. The studies showed that the milk production in goats was affected by the parasite burden and that this effect could be stronger in the first lactation and decreased in the following lactations. This resilience was also found to be different among goat breeds, with the local breed showing fewer effects on production than the more selected breeds. Testing the effect of different classes of infection on milk yield and quality, our study showed a high significance of the interaction of the class of infection with breed and days in milk, giving evidence that high levels of GIN infection can lead to production losses and that the level of EPG necessary to cause the loss in production may be different among breeds. Comparing the EPG emission under natural infection for a whole year between goats of Verzasca and goats of Alpine breed reared together, we found resistance to nematodes in the Nera di Verzasca goats. This breed confirmed its resistance also under experimental infection, after a single challenge with mixed GIN infective larvae. Finally, investigating the specific antibody response against Teladorsagia circumcincta L3, our research confirmed the role of IgE in the protection against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats.
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Menezes, Jakilane Jacque Leal de [UNESP]. "Desempenho e características de carcaça de cabritos de diferentes grupos raciais e pesos de abate." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104159.
Full textAbstract:
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menezes_jjl_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 474876 bytes, checksum: 82409fc0d1f015b020c4ba9a5d6f5abd (MD5)<br>Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do grupo racial, peso de abate e sexo nas 10 características de desempenho e medidas biométricas de caprinos jovens, provenientes 11 de rebanhos leiteiros, como produtores de carne, em sistema intensivo de criação. 12 Foram avaliados o peso ao nascimento, 28 e 60 dias, idade aos 25, 30 e 35 kg e medidas 13 biométricas de cabritos de cinco grupos raciais: Alpino, ½ Boer + ½ Alpino (½ BA), ½ 14 Anglo Nubiano + ½ Alpino (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpino (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpino 15 + ½ Anglo Nubiano (Tricross), com três pesos de abate (25, 30 e 35 kg) em sistema de 16 confinamento, com utilização de dieta completa. As características de medidas 17 biométricas avaliadas foram escore, comprimento corporal, altura anterior e posterior, 18 perímetro da perna e largura da garupa e do peito. A participação das raças Boer e 19 Anglo Nubiano em cruzamentos com a raça Alpina melhorou o escore corporal e peso 20 aos 28 e 60 dias. Os caprinos machos chegaram ao peso de abate aos 30 e 35 kg mais 21 precocemente que as fêmeas. O grupo racial Alpino foi mais tardio para atingir os 25, 22 30 e 35 kg em relação aos mestiços Boer e Anglo Nubiano. Com o aumento do peso de 23 abate houve aumento do escore corporal e medidas biométricas.<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype Alpine, ½ 6 Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA), ½ Anglo Nubiano + ½ Alpine (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine 7 (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpine + ½ Anglo Nubiano (Tricross) gender and slaughter weight 8 (25, 30 and 35 kg) on the performance and biometric measures of kids from dairy goat 9 herds reared on intensive feeding systems. The evaluated traits were: weight at birth, 28 10 and 60 days old and age at 25, 30 and 35 kg. Biometrics measures: score, body length, 11 previous and posterior height, leg perimeter and rump and chest width. Boer and Anglo 12 Nubiano crossbred with Alpine improved corporal score and weight at 28 and 60 days 13 old. Males reached slaughter weight at 30 and 35 kg more precociously than females. 14 Crossbreed Boer and Anglo Nubiano reached earlier 25, 30 and 35 kg than Alpine. The 15 greater was the slaughter weight the higher was corporal score and biometric measures.
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Wahed, R. A. "Stall-feeding barley straw to goats : the effect of refusal-rate allowance on voluntary intake and selection." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376202.
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Hammami, Sondes. "In vitro embryo production from prepubertal goat oocytes in different culture media." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283650.
Full textAbstract:
Los ovarios de cabras prepúberes proporcionan una población de ovocitos de pequeño diámetro con una menor competencia para el desarrollo hasta blastocisto después de la maduración, fecundación y posterior cultivo in vitro (MIV, FIV y CIV). Las condiciones del cultivo in vitro aportan los requerimientos necesarios a los ovocitos e influyen sobre su posterior desarrollo embrionario. En esta tesis hemos llevado a cabo dos estudios para evaluar los efectos de la adición de diferentes suplementos a los medios de MIV y CIV sobre el desarrollo embrionario y la calidad de los blastocistos obtenidos a partir de ovocitos de cabras prepúberes.
En ovocitos de hembras prepúberes, la adición de sustancias, incluyendo las hormonas gonadotrópicas, factores de crecimiento, fuentes de proteínas y antioxidantes, como son el complejo insulina-transferrina-selenio (ITS) y el L-ácido ascórbico (AA), han demostrado producir una mejora en la maduración citoplasmática de los ovocitos y su subsiguiente desarrollo embrionario in vitro. El objetivo del primer estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la adición de AA, ITS y un bajo nivel hormonal en el medio de MIV sobre el desarrollo embrionario y la calidad de los blastocistos obtenidos. En concreto, hemos utilizado 4 medios maduración: Medio Tradicional (MT), Medio de Crecimiento (MC): MT + ITS + AA + bajo nivel hormonal, Medio Tradicional modificado (MTm): MT + bajo nivel hormonal y Medio de Crecimiento modificado (MCm): MT + ITS + AA + nivel hormonal normal. Los complejos–ovocito-cúmulus (COCs) se clasificaron en dos grupos según el diámetro ovocitario: pequeños (<125μm) y grandes (≥125μm). Los ovocitos ≥125μm fueron madurados en MT mientras que los ovocitos <125μm fueron madurados en combinaciones de MT, MC, MTm y MCm. Después de la MIV, los ovocitos fueron fecundados in vitro y posteriormente los embriones fueron CIV durante 8 días. En este estudio se observó que el desarrollo embrionario de los ovocitos <125 μm no mejoró en las diferentes combinaciones de medios de MIV estudiadas (MT, MC, MTm y MCm). El mayor desarrollo hasta blastocisto se obtuvo en el grupo de embriones procedentes de ovocitos ≥125μm. Sin embargo, cuando los ovocitos de menor diámetro se maduraron en MC, se observó una mejoría significativa en la calidad de los blastocistos obtenidos, optimizando la supervivencia de los embriones tras la descongelación comparado con el MT (53.3% vs 30.8%, respectivamente; P<0.05).
En el segundo estudio se analizó el efecto de la suplementación de los medios de MIV y CIV con activina-A sobre el desarrollo embrionario. La activina-A es un miembro de la superfamilia del factor de crecimiento transformante β (TGF-β) y cumple un papel importante en la proliferación y diferenciación celular. Con el fin de determinar el efecto de la activina-A sobre los ovocitos de cabras prepúberes, se realizaron 2 experimentos, analizando la maduración nuclear de los ovocitos, su posterior desarrollo embrionario y calidad de los blastocistos obtenidos. En el primer experimento se estudió la suplementación del medio de MIV con varias concentraciones de activina-A (0, 10 y 100 ng/mL) y en el segundo experimento se evaluó la adición de 10 ng/mL de activina-A a los medios de MIV y CIV. Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que la suplementación del medio de MIV con diferentes concentraciones de activina-A proporciona similares porcentajes de maduración nuclear y de blastocistos comparado con la MIV sin activina-A. Además, la adición de 10 ng/mL de activina-A durante el CIV aumentó significativamente las tasas de desarrollo hasta blastocisto en comparación con el grupo control (19.5 ± 2.21% vs. 13.1 ± 2.37%, respectivamente; P<0.05). Sin embargo, no se observó una mejora en la calidad de los blastocistos cuando se añadió activina-A en el medio de MIV (evaluada por la tinción de Hoechst 33342) y/o en el de CIV (evaluado por la tinción diferencial).
En conclusión, la maduracíon in vitro de los ovocitos de cabras prépuberes de diámetro <125 μm en medio de crecimiento sería una alternativa útil para mejorar la calidad de los blastocistos producidos in vitro, mientras que la presencia de activina-A durante el cultivo in vitro incrementa el porcentaje de embriones desarrollados hasta el estadío de blastocisto.<br>The prepubertal goat ovary shows a large number of small oocytes with a compromised competence to develop up to blastocyst stage following IVM, IVF and IVC. Culture conditions used to support in vitro embryo production appears to be an important factor to suit the requirements of these oocytes and to increase the blastocyst yield. In the present thesis work, we have carried out two studies to evaluate the effects of addition of different supplements to in vitro maturation and culture media on embryo development and the quality of resultant blastocyst in prepubertal goat oocytes.
In oocytes from prepubertal females, different types and concentrations of substances including gonadotrophic hormones, growth factors, protein sources and antioxidants, such as insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) and L-ascorbic acid (AA), have been shown to improve oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and embryo development. The aim of the first study was to assess the effects of adding low level of hormones and/or ITS plus AA to IVM medium through the developmental competence and embryo quality of small oocytes from prepubertal goats. Specifically, we tested four maturation media: conventional IVM medium (CM), CM+ITS+AA and low level of hormones (named as Growth Medium; GM), CM with low level of hormones (modified CM; mCM) and CM+ITS+AA and normal level of hormones (modified GM; mGM). Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes (COCs) were classified into two categories according to oocyte diameter: small (<125 μm) and large (≥125 μm) oocytes. Large oocytes were matured in CM and small oocytes were matured in different combination of CM, GM, mCM or mGM. After IVM, oocytes were fertilized and after 24h presumptive zygotes were cultured for 8 days. Results of this study showed that using different combinations of CM, GM, mCM, and mGM for IVM of prepubertal goat small oocytes did not have a beneficial effect on the percentage of blastocysts. The high blastocyst rate was only related to oocyte diameter. However, the culture of small oocytes in GM improved the quality of blastocysts and enhanced their survival post-warming compared to CM (53.3% vs 30.8%, respectively; P<0.05).
The second study examined the effect of activin-A during IVM and embryo culture on the blastocyst rate of prepubertal goat oocytes. Activin is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily that plays a functional role in the process of cellular proliferation and differentiation. In experiment 1, with a view to search for optimal concentration of recombinant human activin-A during IVM, three concentrations (0, 10 and 100 ng/mL) were tested on oocytes meiotic maturation and subsequent in vitro embryo development. The experiment 2 was performed to evaluate the effect of adding 10 ng/mL activin-A at the IVM and/or IVC media on embryo development and blastocyst quality. Results of this study demonstrated that the addition of activin-A to IVM yielded similar percentages of maturation and blastocyst. Moreover, the addition of 10 ng/mL of activin-A throughout the whole embryo culture significantly increased rates of development to the blastocyst stage as compared with the control group (19.5 ± 2.21% v. 13.1 ± 2.37%, respectively; P<0.05). Blastocyst quality was not improved in the presence of activin-A neither during IVM evaluated after Hoechst 33342 staining, nor during IVM and/ or IVC evaluated by differential staining.
In conclusion, IVM of prepubertal goat small oocytes in GM would be useful to improve the intrinsic quality of blastocysts produced in vitro and the presence of activin-A during IVC enhances embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes.
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Wen-Tsui, Wu, and 吳文翠. "Escape/Goat : (Carambola)." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06602513273677939724.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立藝術學院<br>戲劇學系戲劇碩士班<br>87<br>Escape/Goat : (Carambola) is a series of searching about history (Taiwan’s straight) and environment (Taiwan’s horizontal). There is a plan name 「the song of lotus」, Escape/Goat : (Carambola) is part II.
Why is carambola?
In Taiwan carambola has mixed many kinds of memory ──the sense of taste, the sense of sight, the sense of smell, the sense of tough……..
Why call it 「escape/goat」?
Because all of us have a desire to escape ──escaping from people who are around us, events and things that puzzle us, some kind of state that make us sick. We need the relation with them (people, events, things, state), but 「this relation」is too long and too heavy let us can not breathe. All of us need breathe and leave us along sometimes. This desire to escape call「escape/goat」.
First escape, and then come back again.
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Defabachew, Eyassu Seifu. "Application of the lactoperoxidase system to improve the quality and safety of goat milk and goat cheese." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25031.
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