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Tadesse, Dereje, Mengistu Urge, Getachew Animut, and Yoseph Mekasha. "Effects of diet on leather quality and longissimus muscle composition of three Ethiopian indigenous goat types." Animal Production Science 56, no. 11 (2016): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14961.
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A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of breed or genotype and levels of concentrate on muscle composition and skin and leather quality characteristics. The three indigenous goat genotypes used were Bati, Hararghe highland (HH), and short-eared Somali (SS), (12/genotype) with an average initial weight of 15.2 ± 0.245 kg. The goats were all males ~1 year of age. After grouping based on their initial weight, they were randomly assigned to two levels of concentrate feeding (six goats per genotype per treatment) and fed for 90 days. The two concentrate feeding levels were C1 and C2, where goats were fed at 1% and 1.5% of their bodyweights, respectively. At the end of the study, all goats were slaughtered and samples were taken from the longissimus muscle for chemical composition analysis. The skins were weighed, preserved and processed into leather for physico-chemical analysis. The longissimus muscle of SS goats had higher (P < 0.05) fat content (7.01%) than Bati (6.05%) and HH (6.02%) goats. Feeding concentrate at 1.5% bodyweight increased carcass weights (P < 0.01), and increased the protein and fat contents of the longissimus muscle by ~5.4% and 3.5%, respectively. Similarly, goats under C2 feeding group had heavier skin than those under C1. However, Bati and HH goats produced 250 g more heavier leather than SS goats. Leathers made from skins of HH goats were thicker (1.56 mm) than those from Bati (1.32 mm) and SS goats (1.23 mm). Leathers from SS goats tended to have lower (P = 0.07) tear strength and higher (P = 0.05) fat content than those from Bati and HH goats. Goats fed C2 produced leathers with higher (P < 0.05) tear strength (51.6 N/mm) and fat content (6.2%) than those fed C1. In conclusion, the study revealed that the meat obtained from the three goat types had low to medium fat content that can meet the needs of diversified consumers. Moreover, they produced quality leather comparable to the quality standard set for good quality leather despite leathers from SS goats tending to have lower tear strength and higher fat content.
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Salehi, M., I. Kadim, O. Mahgoub, Sh Negahdari, and R. S. Eshraghi Naeeni. "Effects of type, sex and age on goat skin and leather characteristics." Animal Production Science 54, no. 5 (2014): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13032.
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This study evaluated the potential of two goat types (hairy and cashmere) for quality and quantity of skin and leather production. Goat skins (200: males n = 80, and females n = 120) of two age groups (<1 year, n = 80; and 1–5 years, n = 120) representing two genotypes (hairy and cashmere) were used. There were significant differences between hairy and cashmere goats for skin area (43.7 ± 0.9 and 41.8 ± 0.9 dm2; P = 0.04). Cashmere goat leather had significantly higher values for thickness (1.01 ± 0.01 vs 0.96 ± 0.01 mm; P = 0.05) and percentage extension (66.4 ± 0.9 vs 63.1 ± 0.9%; P = 0.04) than hairy goat leather. There were no type effects on leather weight (P = 0.3), area or dimension (P = 0.6–0.1), breaking force (P = 0.8), or tensile strength (P = 0.06). Male goats had significantly (P < 0.0001) heavier skins (1288 ± 26.4 vs 804 ± 23.3 g) with greater area (49.2 ± 0.9 vs 35.3 ± 0.9 dm2) and greater thickness at all sites measured than females. In addition, male goats had significantly (P < 0.0001) heavier leather (568.1 ± 13.5 vs 321.2 ± 11.6 g) with greater area (71.4 ± 0.9 vs 53.8 ± 0.9 dm2), length (96.3 ± 1.1 vs 83.1 ± 0.9 cm), and width (65.4 ± 0.7 vs 60.8 ± 0.6 cm). Leather from male goats had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher breaking force (32.9 ± 0.8 vs 23.2 ± 0.7 kg), tensile strength (296.5 ± 5.6 vs 264.2 ± 4.9 kg force/cm2), and percentage extension (68.5 ± 1.0 vs 61.0 ± 0.9%) than females. Adult goats had significantly heavier (P < 0.0001) skins and leather with greater (P < 0.0001) area and greater (P = 0.0006–< 0.0001) leather thickness at all sites measured than kids. Leather from adult goats had significantly higher values for breaking force (29.6 ± 0.7 vs 26.5 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.001) and percentage extension (66.6 ± 0.9 vs 62.9 ± 1.0%; P = 0.006), but tensile strength was not significantly different (283.6 ± 5.1 vs 276.4 ± 5.1 kg force/cm2; P = 0.3). The region of sampling had significant (P < 0.0001) effects on physical properties of goat leather. The skin form hip, top shoulder, and back regions had highest thickness, followed by the rib and belt. Leather samples from shoulder showed significantly greater (P < 0.0001) breaking force and tensile strength (31.7 ± 0.7 kg, 313.4 ± 4.6 kg force/cm2) than hip (24.7 ± 0.7 kg, 226.6 ± 4.6 kg force/cm2) and rib (25.4 ± 0.7 kg, 294.4 ± 4.6 kg force/cm2), but had less extension (59.0 ± 0.9 vs 68.0 ± 0.9 and 65.4 ± 0.9%; P < 0.0001). Samples taken parallel to the backbone had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher force and strength (31.2 ± 0.7 kg, 314.3 ± 4.3 kg force/cm2) than perpendicular samples (23.4 ± 0.7 kg, 241.9 ± 4.3 kg force/cm2), although they showed smaller (P < 0.0001) percentage extension (59.9 ± 0.9, 68.4 ± 0.9%). Phenotypic correlation estimates among studied traits ranged from +0.4 for physical characteristics of leather with weight and area to +0.9 among weight, area, and thickness of skin and leather. This study showed that skin and leather differences were greater between males and females, and between kids and adults, than between hairy and cashmere goats.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Isolation and identification of fungi which associated with animal's leather." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 3 (September 7, 2008): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.5.3.324-329.
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The study included the investigation of fungi which associated with heavy animal's leather (Cows and Buffalos) and light (Sheep’s and Goats )through different processing stages (raw hides ,dehairing ,pickling,chrome tanned and stainning or finished stages)there were 10 genera and 25 species in addition to sterile fungi associated with animal leathers which included Alternaria ,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Fusarium, Mucor , Penicillium , Rhizopus , and Trichoderma .Aspergillus and Penicillium have observed in all leather samples and different processing stages, and that the first time isolate two genera Helminthosporium , Stemphylium form leather for staining stage.
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Ebrahiem, Mohammed Alhadi. "Leather quality of some Sudan desert sheep and goats." Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 19, no. 01 (March 24, 2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2016.19.01.15-21.
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ZHALDAK, MARYNA, NINA MEREZHKO, and VICTOR OSYKA. "FORMATION OF LEATHER QUALITY INDICATORS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEATHER RAW MATERIALS WITH THE USE OF MONTMORILONITE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 297, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-297-3-136-142.
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The tanning process is important in stabilizing the collagen structure of the derma. Сhrome tanning is the traditional option. The basic chromium sulfate is used in the production of 80% of leather in use. A peculiarity of chromium tanning turns out to be an inefficient use of chromium compounds, since almost 40% of tannins remain in wastewater. Considering the disadvantages of using chromium compounds, scientific research on the replacement and use of rather eco-friendlier substances has been conducted for a long time. One of the directions of ecologization of leather manufacturing is the use of modified montmorillonite dispersions in various technological processes such as tanning, filling, dyeing, fat-liquoring, etc. Researches have been aimed at identifying the feasibility of making leather for the uppers of children’s shoes from different types of leather raw materials using modified dispersions of montmorillonite at the stage of tanning. According to the technology of making leather, cattle (medium heifer), goat and sheep skins were used for the upper of the shoes. The analysis of leather quality indicators from different types of raw materials obtained with the use of chromefree tanning. It is proved that hides from raw materials of goats and sheepskins in comparison with cattle are characterized by increased yield area by 3.5-7.2 %, thickness by 0.8-2.6 %, volume yield by 4.5-6.1 % and uniformity of quality indicators in different topographic areas. The level of indicators of physical and mechanical, hygienic properties and chemical composition of leather of different types of raw materials is almost identical within the requirements of regulatory documents. It is advisable to use for children’s shoes leather from raw goat and sheepskin given the peculiarities of the manufacture of children’s shoes, dimensional characteristics of parts, requirements for dimensional stability and shape conservation.
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Yusuff, Afolabi T., Abdul-Hameed A. Badmos, and Timothy R. Fayeye. "Heterosis and Reciprocal Effect For Body Weight and Leather Properties in Hybrid Goats." ACEH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.2.2.8214.
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Kiraye, Michael, Mwinkione Mwinyihija, William Wanasolo, and Rosemary Nalwanga. "The Uganda’s perspective, status and implementation of the National leather value chain Strategies." Journal of Africa Leather and Leather Producuts Advances 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15677/jallpa.2018.v4i1.15.
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Uganda is transforming her leather value chain to a modern and competitive sub-sector, aiming at production of value-added leather materials and leather products from the abundant raw hides and skins at the slaughter houses and abattoirs. The challenge though is the exportation of about 95% of the wet blue product, which is the only processed leather material for export from Uganda. More still, the quantity of wet blue produced and exported from Uganda stands at 1.08 million pieces from hides and 2.01 million pieces from goats and sheep skins amounting to 17.28 m sq. ft and 7.04m sq. Ft, respectively. In total this translates to about 24.32m sq. ft of finished leather if it was to be processed from within Uganda. Taking an average square foot of 2.5 sq. ft per pair of shoes, then this output would give about 9.73m pairs of leather shoes. Since Uganda needs about 25 m pairs of leather shoes per annum, it implies that there would be a deficit of about 16.88 m pairs of shoes per annum. This deficit has been covered by importing about 0.5 m pairs of leather shoes per annum and about 23.5 m pairs of synthetic leather shoes and second-hand shoes combined. Now Uganda exports about 24.32 m sq. ft worth of leather (about 9.73m pairs of shoes) and imports about 0.5 m pairs of leather shoes which is a sixteenth of what is exported. Exportation of unfinished products for processing elsewhere goes with jobs and services as well. For this reason, wet blue product made in Uganda need to be further processed in the country to avail leather and leather products, service like Design Studios, facilities, e.g., incubation centers and jobs. The information about tanneries was obtained by use of a questionnaire in which respondents were tannery industry production managers. In addition, documentary review of the world population on Uganda, Ministry of Trade Industry and Cooperatives (MTIC) abstracts and UBOS census 2014 reports were also used as the source of data. According to the Uganda census 2014, the country’s primary and secondary going children are 10,113,201 students. If for example these students wear leather shoes at 35,000/= per pair per annum then the leather Sector would earn 353bn UGX per annum. This contribution would be about 56 times that which tourism is contributing towards the GDP of Uganda, implying that the leather sector in Uganda, if emphasised could stimulate economic growth of the country.
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Rao, T. V. S., and S. K. Bandyopadhyay. "A comprehensive review of goat pox and sheep pox and their diagnosis." Animal Health Research Reviews 1, no. 2 (December 2000): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252300000116.
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AbstractSheep and goats occupy a premier place in the livestock industry and contribute significantly to the world economy. Their populations are threatened by a number of health hazards, among the most notable of which are goat pox and sheep pox. These diseases inflict substantial losses in terms of reduced productivity and lower quality of wool and leather. They pose a major obstacle to the intensive rearing of sheep and goats and considerably hamper international trade. A comprehensive knowledge of goat pox and sheep pox would help in the diagnosis, prevention and control as well as the management of these diseases in a proper and effective manner. Although the two diseases are easily identified from the clinical signs and host species affected, laboratory tests are needed for confirmation. A battery of simple but highly efficient diagnostic methods and reagents is available for goat pox and sheep pox. However, the best way to control these diseases is the prophylactic immunization of all susceptible animals with a potent and efficacious vaccine, especially in areas where these diseases are endemic.
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Yusuff, A. T., A. A. Badmos, and T. R. Fayeye. "Pure and reciprocal crossing of Nigerian goats: Effects and correlation of the leather properties of resultant progenies." Small Ruminant Research 159 (February 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.12.006.
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Silva, Tamyres Izarelly Barbosa da, Artur Cesar de Carvalho Fernandes, Luiz Carlos Fontes Baptista Filho, Daniel Dias da Silva, Renata Gomes Revorêdo, and Lúcio Esmeraldo Honório de Melo. "Clinical-epidemiological study of caseous lymphadenitis in goats in the state of Pernambuco." Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811711932020329.
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Caseous lymphadenitis (CL), a contagious infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, stands out with great economic relevance for goat breeding in the country because it is one of the main causes of carcass condemnation and intense depreciation of the leather of small ruminants. The objective was to carry out a descriptive study of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of CL in goats in the state of Pernambuco and also to evaluate the detection of C. pseudotuberculosis in milk, blood, and stool samples by real-time PCR. Six hundred and forty-three goats were evaluated, of which 76 (11.8%) presented clinical signs suggestive of CL. And 88.9% (24/27) of the breeding was considered focus. Among symptomatic animals, 25 were selected and submitted to the collection of abscess content for bacteriological isolation. Milk, blood, and stool samples were analyzed for PLD gene detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 25 samples of abscess content, 72% (18/25) were positive. The PLD gene was detected in the frequencies of 8% (2/25) and 4% (1/25) in milk and blood samples, respectively. Caseous lymphadenitis is possibly widespread in the dairy herds of goats in the state of Pernambuco, especially in adult animals, with a higher occurrence of submandibular lymph node abscesses. The preliminary detection of C. pseudotuberculosis by mammary and hematogenous pathways may contribute to future approaches on the mechanisms of organic dissemination performed by the pathogen. However, it has little relevance to diagnosing the disease.
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Gofwan, P. G., S. D. Sudik, A. J. Dastu, H. Machido, S. A. Damter, and S. T. Magaji. "Incidence of helminthes infestation in small ruminants in three Local Government Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.258.
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Sheep and goats traditionally managed are usually neglected in terms of development programmes including the determination of their parasitic loads. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the incidence of helminthes infestation in small ruminants in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of 1800 faecal samples of sheep and goats were collected from June to September, 2020 in three Local Government areas namely Shendam, Mikang and Langtang South. Two hundred (200) samples were collected from each village given a total of 600 samples per LGA. Samples were collected inside white polythene leather, location, species, sex, age and season were carefully labeled. Microscopic examinations of faecal samples were carried out using standard laboratory methods of floatation and sedimentation techniques. Data was analyzed using Chi square test. The results showed that 60.00% of the faecal samples were infested with helminthes and 40% were negative. Majority (34.60%) of the positive samples had mixed parasite infestations while 25.40% had singled infestations. Shendam LGA had the highest (p<0.001) incidence (78.50%) helminthes infestation while Langtang South had the lowest (50.20%). The females’ sheep and goats were significantly infested (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively) higher (61.00%) than the males (55.20%) while the adult sheep and goats (7 months and above of age) were highly significantly (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) infested higher (57.40% and 63.70%, respectively) than the young (0-6 months of age) (50.60% and 60.20%, respectively). The sheep and goats infested in the wet season were significantly (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) higher (76.50%) than in the dry season (43.20%). It may be concluded that 60% of the sheep and goats studied had incidence of helminthes infestation. Therefore, proper housing, feeding, grazing systems, stocking density among other management practices are recommended to improve the productivity of sheep and goats in the area
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Faiz, Faadihilah Ahnaf, and Ahmad Azhari. "Tanned and Synthetic Leather Classification Based on Images Texture with Convolutional Neural Network." Knowledge Engineering and Data Science 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um018v3i22020p77-88.
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Tanned leather is an output from complex processes called tanning. Leather tanning is an important step that used to protect the fiber or protein structure of animal’s skin. Another reason of tanning process is to prevent the animal’s skin from any defect or rot. After the tanning is complete, the leather can be applied to produce a wide variety of leather products. Thus, the leather prices usually more expensive because it takes longer time in process. Another way to get cheaper price is make non-animal leather that usually known as synthetic or imitation leather. The purpose of this paper is to classify the tanned leather and synthetic leather by using Convolutional Neural Network. The tanned leather consist of cow, goat and sheep leathers. The proposed method will classify into four class, they are cow, goat, sheep and synthetic leathers. In each class consist of 160 images with 448x448 pixels size as the input data. With CNN method, this research shows a good result for the accuracy about 92.1%.
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Luna-José, Azucena de Lourdes, Linda Montalvo-Espinosa, and Beatriz Rendón-Aguilar. "Los usos no leñosos de los encinos en México." Botanical Sciences, no. 72 (June 1, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1671.
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A review based on literature and herbarium voucher information on the non-wood uses of oaks in Mexico is presented. Fifty-five species of Quercus are gathered and used for different purposes, mainly in those states located in the central and south regions of the country. No relationship was found between species diversity by state and number of useful species. Five different uses were recorded: (1) medicinal, related mainly to digestive apparatus sicknesses: (2) food, including consumption of different structures, both fresh and processed; (3) handcraft, to elaborate different manufactured crafts, like rosaries and toys; (4) fodder, for goats and pigs; (5) tannins and dyes, to turning raw skins into leather and to act like mordant and to dye fibers. There is a relationship between the presence of ethnic groups and the use of the oaks in a given region, indicating the cultural value of these species in addition of their importance as a complementary plant resource.
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PYERINA-CARMEN, GHIȚULEASA, BULACU CEZAR, CARPUS EFTALEA, ENCIU ANA, DOROGAN ANGELA, and VISILEANU EMILIA. "Insulation materials for buildings – a successful research & development collaboration for the Romanian wool fibres manufacturing." Industria Textila 69, no. 05 (November 1, 2018): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.05.1579.
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Having in view the sustainable development context, the textile sector represents a strong pillar of the Romanian manufacturing industry, which is able to contribute to the valorization of natural indigenous raw materials. The paper presents economic aspects in the base of the results obtained through developing/ implementing a research project financed by the National Sectorial Program, coordinated by the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, aiming to establish strategic solutions for capitalization of Romanian coarse wool fibers. There are emphasized the project’s results obtained by the collaboration of three important actors from research activity and economic environment: the National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather – INCDTP Bucharest, the only R&D Institute in Romania, SC MINET SA Company, Râmnicu Vâlcea county – a representative manufacturing company for nonwoven materials and the Research Institute for Sheep and Goats Breeding, Palas, Constanța county, partners in the consortium coordinated by the National Research and Development Institute in Constructions, Urban Planning and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC Bucharest.
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Mylnikov, V. P. "Technologies Involved in Manufacturing Wooden Horns for the Ceremonial Masks of Horses from the Pazyryk Tombs in the Altai." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2018.46.4.049-058.
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We present the results of a technological analysis of details of the horse harness—the most numerous and the most representative category of wooden artifacts found in the Scythian Age (Pazyryk) tombs. Basic techniques and specific operations involved in the manufacturing of horse masks are described. Especially noteworthy are the tops of these masks, fashioned like horns of mountain goats. Such masks were found in nearly all high-ranking burials. We reconstruct the carpentry of the Early Iron Age nomads. Wooden horns, being the principal elements of the horse’s headgear, differ in terms of technique and complexity: some are solid, while others are composed of two and more parts. In terms of size and shape, some horns are robust, and some are thin and elegant. Separate groups include composite horns with sophisticated carved figurines of feline carnivores, bone collets, bipartite semicircular inserts, and leather tops shaped like antlers. The analysis of horse harness decoration from burials differing in status suggests that wooden horns were mostly attributes of the nomadic elite members. Their size, accessory ornaments, and intricacy were markers of social status.
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Aleksic, S., V. Pantelic, and C. Radovic. "Livestock production: Present situation and future development directions in Republic of Serbia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906267a.
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Livestock production is important branch of agriculture in Republic of Serbia. Over 700.000 households are engaged in this production, which is over 55% of total number of households. Livestock production provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs) for nutrition of domestic population. Also, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry (dairy plants, slaughterhouses, meat industry, conditory industry and leather industry). Livestock production is expected to provide high quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb meat. Chance/opportunity for export exists also for cheeses of high quality (especially sheep and goat cheeses) of defined origin and quality. Based on available data, current situation in livestock production is assessed as inviolable. Number of heads of all species of domestic animals and poultry has been constantly decreasing over the period of last 12 years. The greatest decrease of number of heads of livestock was recorded in years 2000, 2001 and 2002, in all species of domestic animals. During this period, number of cattle decreased by 18,6%, of pigs by 11,8%, sheep by 12,3%, number of goats by 54,1%, horses by 66,0% and poultry by 28,0%. So, by the end of 2007, number of cattle was 1.087.000, pigs 3.832.000, sheep 1.606.000, goats 149.000, horses 18.000 and poultry 16.422.000. Republic of Serbia will in its near future become member of European Union (EU) and World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that livestock production should prepare for competition on unique developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia has been preparing for this since 2006 when it signed bilateral agreement on free trade with neighbouring countries - Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and in this way became part of the market and accepted the competition rules on the free market. Accession to EU and WTO includes liberalization of trade in livestock products, low possibility for import protection, implementation of quality standards (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), reduction of the level of domestic support, discontinuing of export subsidies, increase of profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market.
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ROHAETI, Eli, Nur Isna Melati PUTRI, Kun Sri BUDIASIH, and Anna RAKHMAWATI. "THE USE OF Cyperus kyllinga EXTRACT IN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE TO ENHANCE QUALITY OF GOAT LEATHER." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (December 20, 2020): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.175_periodico36_pgs_159_170.pdf.
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Improving leather quality with antifungal, antibacterial, and superior mechanical properties is an ongoing effort. The objectives of this research were to synthesize silver nanoparticle using Cyperus kyllinga extract as a bio-agent and to deposit synthesized silver nanoparticle into goat leather by ex situ and in situ, and also to characterize the properties of antibacterial, antifungal, mechanical, and contact angle of goat leather before and after modification. Preparation of silver nanoparticles by reduction method by adding Cyperus kyllinga’s leaf extract. The silver nanoparticle was characterized by using spectrophotometer UltraViolet-Visible and Particle Size Analyzer. The addition of Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) compound on the leather sample to know hydrophobicity properties of the leather. The leather was modified by adding silver nanoparticle and silane compounds. The antibacterial and antifungal test was conducted by the diffusion method and tested the significance by using statistical analysis. The mechanical properties were tested through tensile strength test, elongation, and also modulus Young by using a tensile tester. The modified goat leather surface was tested the contact angle by using the sessile drop method. The characterization results indicated that silver nanoparticles were formed at a wavelength of 406.60 nm, with their particle size were 200.1 nm. The results of the antimicrobial test showed that modified goat leather using two methods of preparation had a different significance to inhibit the S. epidermidis and E. coli, and also fungi of C. albicans. The leather, after modification with nanoparticle via in situ method, had the highest antibacterial activities against S. epidermidis and E. coli. However, leather after modification with adding nanoparticle and MTMS via ex situ method has the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans. The leather after modification nanoparticle and MTMS via in situ method has the highest tensile strength and the largest toughness. All modified leathers had larger antimicrobial activity, contact angle, and also toughness compared to unmodified leather.
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Chaudhry, Zafar I., Aga Saiddain, Naveed Sabir, Naeem A. Malik, Sahan Azeem, and Abdul Sajid. "Prevalence of pathological conditions causing skin damage and consequently reducing its market value in domestic ruminants of Punjab, Pakistan." Veterinary Science Development 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2011.2444.
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Data regarding the prevalence of skin diseases reducing the market value of skins and hides and ultimately refined leather were not available in Pakistan. The current study was conducted in the hide/skin markets and abattoirs of Lahore and Faisalabad and tanneries of Sheikhupura, Kasur and Sialkot. The record of various skin diseases and conditions damaging the skin/hide of cattle, goat and sheep was made. Lesions, extent and type of damage were recorded. A total of 21,671 skins / hides were examined out of which 3918 of skins and 600 hides were examined at the abattoirs of Lahore and Faisalabad, 6784 Skins and 1399 hides at hide markets and 8091 skins and 879 hides at tanneries. Out of total 21,671 skins / hides, 66.12% were normal and 33.88% were having some sort of damage. The data were gathered on questionnaire sheets. The prevalence of skin diseases was assessed through Strata V.9 software program. The correlation of the disease and area was analyzed by the chi-square. The prevalence of various diseases and damages due to mal-management in sheep, goats and cattle has been discussed in detail. The damages in goat skins were significantly less as compared with cattle and sheep. However, the type of defects and severity varied amongst various ruminants studied. The most common damages observed, overall in all species studied were atrophy of skin (Thin skin) 6.38%, followed in descending order observed was lesions of wounds 4.94%, old lesions of pox 4.82%, flaying cuts 3.17%, tick infestation 3.08%, lesions caused by mites infestation 2.45%, scratches 2.33%, lesions caused by warble fly larvae 1.47%, decomposition 1.32%, charr (fibrosis) 1.28%, ringworm infection 1.10%, extensive soiling by dung 0.84%, chronic abscesses 0.46%, and Lice infestation 0.17%.
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Sundari, Natarajan. "Extraction and optimization of Mucuna pruriens for dyeing of leather." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0030.
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Abstract The present study reports on the leaching of natural pigment from Mucuna pruriens for dyeing of chrome tanned leather samples. The experiments were performed at temperature (30-70°C), time (30-90 min), feed to solvent ratio (1:3-1:7) and particle size (0.25-0.75 mm) using ethanol as solvent. The influence of process variables on percentage yield has been studied and the conditions were optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimized conditions for intensified extraction was found to occur at a temperature of 60°C, extraction time of 1 hr, for a feed to solvent ratio of 1:5 and 0.75 mm particle size. The % yield under optimized conditions was found to be 47%. The extraction results were found to agree well with the statistical model (R2 = 0.9740). The colouring ability of extracted dye has been tested on wet blue goat leathers. The dyed leather exhibited a better colour value, strength and fastness properties as inferred from reflectance and visual assessment tests.
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Urena-Nunez, Fernando, Enrique Vigueras-Santiago, Susana Hernandez-Lopez, Karla Linares-Hernandez, and Isabel Linares-Hernandez. "Structural, thermal and morphological characterization of UV-graft polymerization of acrylated-epoxidized soybean oil onto goat leather." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2008): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.03.191.
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Graft of acrylated-epoxidized soybean oil onto goat leather was achieved using UV-radiation. Graft percentage, structural, morphological and thermal characterizations are discussed in terms of: morphology of the leather grafted face and the UV-radiation dosage. The obtained results are of importance since an environmental friendly monomer could be used to change or improve some properties of leather articles.
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Shen, Yichao, Yong Jin, Shuangquan Lai, Liangjie Shi, Yutang Zhou, and Rong Zhou. "Nonionic Short-Chain Fluorinated Surfactants in the Fatliquoring of Chrome-Tanned Goat Skin." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i7.3833.
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Surfactants as essential auxiliaries are used in almost all chemical processes in leather production. In this work, a series of nonionic short-chain fluorinated surfactants (Fn-Fn, where n = 2, 4, or 6) were successfully prepared and used as fatliquoring auxiliaries in the fatliquoring process of chrome-tanned goat skin. The chemical structure of these nonionic short-chain fluorinated surfactants was characterized by FTIR and the molecular weight was determined by GPC. The surface tension measurement results revealed that these three fluorinated surfactants showed excellent surface activities. The effect of type and dosage of Fn-Fn as well as fatliquoring temperature on fatliquoring properties of chrome-tanned goat skin were estimated by the softness and physical mechanical properties characteristic of resultant leather. The results revealed that the leather treated with 1 wt% F4-F4 at the fatliquoring temperature of 40oC showed the best overall performance, whose softness and physical mechanical properties were improved significantly. Moreover, the collagen fiber morphology and waterproof performance of leather treated with Fn-Fn were also investigated which showed that the addition of Fn-Fn in the fatliquoring process could promote the loosening of collagen fibers while effectively enhancing the water repellency of the leather surface. Therefore, such types of nonionic short-chain fluorinated surfactants are promising to be as desired fatliquoring auxiliaries in the leather industry.
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Yavorskaya, Liliya. "New Data on the Role of Madzhar in Golden Horde Trade of Skin and Leather Products: Archeozoological Aspect." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, no. 1 (July 2020): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2020.1.11.
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Documentary sources on Italian sea trade of the 13th – 14th centuries report about the export of large volumes of animal skins and processed leathers from the Golden Horde. A significant problem was the finding out places of slaughtering livestock and processing raw materials of animal origin by archaeological methods, since organic remains are not preserved in the cultural layers of settlements and cities of the Golden Horde. The article analyzes three collections of animal bones from archaeological excavations in the craftsmen’s quarter of the Golden Horde city of Madzhar during 2014–2017. In the 2014 year’s collection at excavation site no. X (10), where the master of bone carving lived, a fact of special selection of goat and ram horns for products being manufactured of their horn covers was identified, aside from production wastes of a dense horn. In pit no. 2 (2016), an archaeozoological research has revealed a specific anatomical set of domestic ungulates remains: shattered heads and distal parts of the legs, which can be formed only as a result of massive slaughter of livestock to obtain skins. At excavation site no. XIII of 2017, archaeozoological research was able to record not only a specific anatomical set, but also traces of the use of small cattle bones in leather processing devices, which, combined with the archaeological context, made it possible to identify the presence of a specialized seasonal leather workshop on this site. It was established that cattle was slaughtered right in the cities, as well as artisans processed the obtained skins on specially equipped seasonal workshop sites. Thus, archaeozoological research showed that Madzhar, like other cities, participated in the production of animal skins and leather, which subsequently became the most important export products of the Golden Horde state.
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Sepehri, Samaneh, Mohammad Amani Tehran, and Fatemeh Zeighami. "Improvement of Leather Flame Retardancy through Nano Clay Addition." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i11.4181.
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Leather is widely used in various industries including apparel, safety clothing, aircraft and automotive, due to its unique properties such as softness, air permeability, chemical resistance, high flexibility and reasonable mechanical resistance. Since leather products usually contain flammable organic compounds such as tanning, fatliquoring, dyeing and finishing materials, improvement of its flame retardancy is very important. A lot of flame retardants have been synthesized and applied to improve flame retardancy of leather. One of the best materials is nanoclay because it is easily available, environment-friendly and has a low cost. In this research, we propose a process that reduces the burning length of the leather and increases its thermal stability. For this purpose, clay nanoparticles by 1, 3, and 5 mass percent (relative to wet leather mass) were added to wet-blue bovine and goat leather under certain (temperature and time) conditions during the re-tanning process. The results of the TGA test on bovine leather samples showed that by increasing the amount of nanoclay, the thermal stability of samples was increased. SEM images prepared from the grain and cross-sections of bovine and goat leather samples showed that with a high percentage of nanoclay, particle agglomeration is partially visible. The results of the vertical flammability test also showed that the presence of clay nanoparticles reduced the burning length of leather samples. Tensile strength of bovine leather samples containing clay nanoparticles increased compared to the control sample. However, the tear strength of them did not differ significantly.
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Mwinyihija, Mwinyikione. "A Review on the Importance of Developing Evidence-Based Curriculum to Revitalize Leather Based Training." Journal of Africa Leather and Leather Products Advances 5, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15677/jallpa.2019.v5i2.21.
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The review paper attempts to focus on the circumstances the leather sector is experiencing in aspects of declining skilled workforce, apathy on enrolling numbers of students and diverted focus of higher education institutions to conduct other courses and non-leather based research themes. In the process, four summarised thematic issues based on the problem reflected upon and critical questions identified. The review subsequently identified that our approach to training and set up of programmes in HE lacks Evidence-Based Curriculum and this has preambles the issues experienced in the various value chain stratums’ at national, regional and global level and impacts. Therefore, the review study evaluates what type of assumptions, theories and methodologies could assist in revitalising the leather sector training goals and incentivise learning and teaching in HE institutions globally. Africa Leather and Leather Products Institute (ALLPI) studies the Africa scenario with the learnt experience therein reflecting and providing replicable recommendations for a global platform. However, the study is a ‘tip of the iceberg’ that intends to stimulate discussion in a situation that is worsening and negatively impacting the leather sector worldwide. Conspicuously, constraining factors requiring further research is the need to determine if resolving challenges associated with evidence related to curriculum development, would positively impact on adequacy of professional skilled capacity, improve enrollment rates at HE and tertiary and deter apathetic aspects of various institutions on Rand D. Indeed, as a positive gesture in Africa is that many countries have established policies that identify leather as a priority sector and depicts this study relevant is sustaining the intended progress for the national, regional and global leather value chain. Thusly, in Africa, in particular, the support for successful implementation of evidence-based curricula would lead to specialised skills development that assists the continent to transform its set goals in the realms of highly specialised education and preparedness to globalisation.
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Sendrea, Claudiu, Cristina Carsote, Mihai Radu, Elena Badea, and Lucretia Miu. "The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Shrinkage Activity of Collagen in Vegetable Tanned Leather." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 7 (August 15, 2017): 1535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.7.5711.
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The dose dependent effect of gamma irradiation on collagen in vegetable tanned leather was studied by the MHT method. Examination of the irradiated samples at 3 months after the irradiation treatment revealed variations of the main shrinkage temperatures and intervals. Up to 25 kGy, the shrinkage temperature does not vary while the total shrinkage interval decreases suggesting cross-linking as the main process. At higher doses, the decrease of shrinkage temperature is accompanied by the increase of the total shrinkage interval indicating that peptide chain scission becomes predominat. Quebracho-tanned sheep leather shows to be the less resistant to the deterioration effect of gamma radiations, while both mimosa-tanned goat leather and quebracho-tanned calf leather better withstand the destabilization effects.
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Polidovych, Yu B. "PRECIOUS ITEMS FROM THE SHUMEIKO BARROW." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 33, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.24.
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The paper deals to the finds from the barrow near the Shumeiko farm in the Sula river basin (now Sumy region of Ukraine) which was excavated by Sergei Mazaraki in 1899. Objects of Scythian culture were found in the mound: weapons, horse bridles, and vessels. Mikhail Rostovtsev mistakenly attributed to these finds the fragment of ancient Greek kylix of the end of the 6th century BC. Modern researchers date the barrow assemblage near the Shumeiko farm to the first half of the 6th century BC (Igor Bruyako, Denis Grechko, Denis Topal, Oleksandr Shelekhan). Sergey Polin attributes it to Early Scythian time.
In the paper three precious items from the barrow are described in detail. This is a sword, the handle of which is plaqued with gold. The ancient craftsman used the granulation technique for decoration. Not only the ancient Greek jewelers used this technique. The masters of Urartu applied it as well. It was used in the decoration of the sword from the Kelermes barrow in the Kuban region, as well as on various adornments. The iron sword has an original shape and belongs to the Shumeiko type (according to Denis Topal, Oleksandr Shelekhan). Such swords were most common in the first half of the 6th century BC. The scabbard was decorated by the gold plate with images of animals and the gold tip. The analysis shows that the images of wild goats and predators are made in the early Scythian animal style. The sheath tip also corresponds to the early Scythian tradition and finds analogies in the Pre-Scythian time. On the contrary, at a later time (the end of the 6th — beginning of the 5th century BC), according to other principles (barrow No 6 near the Oleksandrivka village, Gostra Mogyla near the Tomakovka village) the tips of the scabbard were made. Near the sword the gold plate in the form of a running hare was found. It was made in the Scythian animal style. This plate was probably part of the sheath decor and adorned a side leather ledge that helped to attach the scabbard to the belt. A preliminary conclusion is made about the belonging of precious items from the Shumeiko barrow to the Kelermes horizon of antiquities of the Early Scythian culture.
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Indah Astiani, Sri Rezeki, and Djamaluddin Ramlan. "STUDI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PENYAMAKAN KULITDI PT BUDI MAKMUR KECAMATAN GEDONG KUNING YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2014." Buletin Keslingmas 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v34i1.3020.
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PT Budi Makmur is one of the made leather industry that located in Yogyakarta. Itprocessing a raw leather which from goat leather that processed into wolves, shoes, etc. PT BudiMakmur also produce water waste that flows to the river and if the waste is not produced in the rightway, the waste will be very dangerous for the ecosystem in that river.The aim of this research areto know the process of the liquid waste producing leather tanning, the parameter of the liquid wastebefore and after through the producing process (COD, BOD, TSS dan pH) , and the condition of the liquidwaste producing leather tanning.The kind of this research is descriptive. The research done by collecting the field data anlaboratorium, and then analyzed and compared with the existing theory and quality of the liquid wasteproducing leather tanning.The result show that the source of the waste produce from the leather tranning. Liquid waste thatproduced is about 8.000-12.000 gallon per 1.000 wet leather pond that produced. The quality of theinfluent is BOD 1.946mg/lt, COD 1965mg/lt, TSS 1.774mg/ltd and pH 7.50. The quality of the effluent isBOD 98.61mg/lt, COD 100mg/lt, TSS 1130mg/lt and pH 7,49. The step of the liquid wasteprocessing are: filtering ink, equalitation ink, sedimentation, aeration and active mud.The writer conclude that PT Budi Makmur has already optimal to decrease the content thatcontained in the leather-liquid waste producing but the effluent that is produced still exceed the exsistingstandart quality. The suggestion to PT Budi Makmur is to more care about the liquid waste producing.
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Hashem, MA, MS Nur A. Tomal, and BK Mondal. "Generation of fleshings at beamhouse in tannery and its environmental impact assessment: Bangladesh perspective." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50, no. 3 (November 5, 2015): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v50i3.25590.
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Leather processing involves the conversion of putrescible hide/skin into imputrescible leather and consequently huge amount of solid waste generated in tanning process. In tannery at beamhouse, fleshing is one of the most indispensable mechanical operations in leather processing where significant amount of solid waste (termed as fleshings) is produced. A work was carried out to estimate the generated fleshing and to assess its environmental impact. In Bangladesh yearly 20.1×103 MT fleshings was generated only from cow hide and goat skin where 10.3×103 MT for cow hide and 9.8×103 MT for goat skin. The generated fleshings are usually kept indiscriminately inside or outside the industrial area as green. In rainy season, all fleshings including other solid wastes are washed away and finally fall in to the river, Buriganga. Fleshings contained alkaline pH (12.3±0.2), fat, proteins, lime and sulphide. Improper management of fleshings has negative effect on human health, air, water, land and plant.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 227-232, 2015
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Astiani, Sri Rejeki Indah, and Djamaluddin Ramelan. "STUDI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PENYAMAKAN KULITDI PT BUDI MAKMUR KECAMATAN GEDONG KUNING YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2014." Buletin Keslingmas 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v34i1.21.
Full textAbstract:
PT Budi Makmur is one of the made leather industry that located in Yogyakarta. It processing a raw leather which from goat leather that processed into wolves, shoes, etc. PT Budi Makmur also produce water waste that flows to the river and if the waste is not produced in the right way, the waste will be very dangerous for the ecosystem in that river.The aim of this research are to know the process of the liquid waste producing leather tanning, the parameter of the liquid waste before and after through the producing process (COD, BOD, TSS dan pH) , and the condition of the liquid waste producing leather tanning.The kind of this research is descriptive. The research done by collecting the field data an laboratorium, and then analyzed and compared with the existing theory and quality of the liquid waste producing leather tanning.The result show that the source of the waste produce from the leather tranning. Liquid waste that produced is about 8.000-12.000 gallon per 1.000 wet leather pond that produced. The quality of the influent is BOD 1.946mg/lt, COD 1965mg/lt, TSS 1.774mg/ltd and pH 7.50. The quality of the effluent is BOD 98.61mg/lt, COD 100mg/lt, TSS 1130mg/lt and pH 7,49. The step of the liquid waste processing are: filtering ink, equalitation ink, sedimentation, aeration and active mud.The writer conclude that PT Budi Makmur has already optimal to decrease the content that contained in the leather-liquid waste producing but the effluent that is produced still exceed the exsisting standart quality. The suggestion to PT Budi Makmur is to more care about the liquid waste producing.
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Zheng, Xue Jing, Shu Hao Huo, Jie Liu, Kun Wang, and Ke Yong Tang. "Effect of Thermocycling on the Properties of Goat Skin Leather." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1573.
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The pickled goat skins were crosslinked by chromium, aluminum, wattle extract and chestnut extract, respectively. The samples were thermal treated in a container held at different temperature for 5 h for different cycles. The xerothermic stability, water vapor permeability and dimensional stability of the samples were characterized before and after thermal treatment. The effect of thermocycling on the properties of tanned samples was discussed. It was found that the thermocycling at moderate temperature (50 °C) exerted little influence on the xerothermic shrinkage temperature (Txs) of the tanned collagen fibers. The treatment at higher upper limit temperature (100 °C and 150 °C) decreases the Txs and results in an impaired thermal stability. The water vapor transmission rate was decreased after the thermal treatment, likely due to the reduction of the amount of hydrophilic groups of collagen macromolecules as well as the decrease of the pore ratio of leather. Treatment at high temperature damaged the dimensional stability of the specimens.
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Santos Filho, Edmilson Q., Pedro Henrique Feijó de Sousa, Pedro P. Rebouças Filho, Guilherme A. Barreto, and Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque. "Evaluation of Goat Leather Quality Based on Computational Vision Techniques." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 39, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 651–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01180-4.
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Emawati, Shanti, Endang Siti Rahayu, Sutrisna Hadi Purnomo, Ayu Intan Sari, Endang Tri Rahayu, and Winny Swastike. "ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA KERAJINAN KALIGRAFI KULIT KAMBING DI KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO." SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 13, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v13i1.14244.
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The research was conducted to determine the feasibility of financial on SMEs calligraphy goat leather in Sukoharjo District. Research was done from January 6 to March 26, 2015 in located in Sukoharjo District. Survey methods was done to collect primary data from respondents and secondary data from related institution. Census method was applied to sellect respondents. Criteria used to analyze the feasibility of financial on SMEs calligraphy goat leather were consisted of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PPC), based on 6 years investment and 12% annual discount factor. The result showed that based on NPV, IRR, BCR and payback period analysis, the most feasible of respondents was achieved on scale of 3 with value of NPV = Rp. 434,852,752.00, IRR = 37.93%, BCR = 1.92, followed by on scale of 2 with value of NPV = Rp. 76,481,554.00, IRR = 22.51%, BCR = 1.37 and on scale of 1 with value of NPV = Rp. 34,883,505.00, IRR = 20.41% dan BCR = 1.28. In term of payback period, respondents who had SMEs calligraphy goat leather on scale of 3 were able to return the investment during 2.39 years while on scale of 2 and on scale of 1 were 3.72 and 3.79 years, respectively.
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Oliveira, R. J. F., R. G. Costa, W. H. Sousa, A. N. Medeiros, M. A. B. Dal Monte, D. Aquino, and C. J. B. Oliveira. "Influence of genotype on physico-mechanical characteristics of goat and sheep leather." Small Ruminant Research 73, no. 1-3 (November 2007): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.01.017.
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Sureshkumar, P. S., P. Thanikaivelan, M. Ashokkumar, and B. Chandrasekaran. "Structure-Property Relation between Non-Mulberry Silk Fabrics and Goat Suede Leather." Polymers from Renewable Resources 2, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791100200101.
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Farida, Siti Ning, and Herlina Suksmawati. "Destination Branding of Shopping Tourism in Magetan Regency." Prosiding Semnasfi 1, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/semnasfi.v1i1.1143.
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Magetan Regency has been well known by the people of archipelago as the region of fine raw leather materials artisan ranging from the process of raw materials into the finished products, as well as various types of processed equate leather vastly produced in this area. The goal of this research is to describe the formation stage and element of destination branding of shopping tourism formation in hide industry center in Magetan regency. The theory utilized in this study is the model of message production and goals-plans-action model from Dillard. This qualitative research is the main data collection through interview. The outcomes of this study reveal the establishment stage of hide industry center as the destination branding of Magetan Regency, beginning with determining the market segmentation, then further into the identity build and the last is to implement the existence of hide industry center as destination branding. The establishment elements of hide industry center as a destination branding Magetan regency is on products owned by the hide industry center. The characteristics and advantages of products owned by the leather industry centers create the brand identity and brand essence as well as brand culture element in Magetan’s destination branding.
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Shamsheer, Hafiza Bushra, Tahira Aziz Mughal, Attiya Ishaq, Sana Zaheer, and Kiran Zahid. "Extraction of Ecofriendly Leather Dyes from Plants Bark." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 60, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.60.2.2017.96.100.
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Present study is focused on the isolation of ecofriendly dyes from the bark of different plants.Aqueous extracts of the bark of Mangifera indica L., Syzygium cumini L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensisDehn were used to dye the crust blue leather of goat. Four different types of mordents CuSO4, FeSO4,KMnO4 and Potash Alum were used. The fastness properties (washing, heating, sunlight and rubbing) werealso evaluated by grey scale. Syzygium cumini L extract showed more variation in colours. M. indica L.showed good fastness properties as compared to others. The formation of light and soft colours withdifferent mordants was observed.
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Liu, Min, Jianzhong Ma, Bin Lyu, Dangge Gao, and Jing Zhang. "Enhancement of chromium uptake in tanning process of goat garment leather using nanocomposite." Journal of Cleaner Production 133 (October 2016): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.156.
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Brandt, Luise Ørsted, Jannie Amsgaard Ebsen, and Kirstine Haase. "Leather Shoes in Early Danish Cities: Choices of Animal Resources and Specialization of Crafts in Viking and Medieval Denmark." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.2.
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This article presents the findings of the minimally destructive biomolecular species identification method known as ZooMS (zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry) to identify the use and choices of resources for manufacturing leather shoes in urban contexts in Viking and medieval Denmark. Whereas parchment and historical skin samples have been previously analysed by ZooMS, the potential of the method is demonstrated here for archaeological, vegetable-tanned, and waterlogged leather from the eleventh to thirteenth-century Danish cities of Ribe, Odense, and Viborg. Sheep, goat, and cattle were used to produce shoes, with explicit choices of species for specific purposes. The selection seems to be largely based on the skins’ material properties, suggesting that functionality was more important than signalling. The urban environment is seen as promoting synergy among providers of resources, crafts, and customers.
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Krishnaraj, Kaliappa, Palanisamy Thanikaivelan, Kavati Phebeaardn, and Bangaru Chandrasekaran. "Effect of sewing on the drape of goat suede apparel leathers." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (October 5, 2010): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556221011071820.
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Perdana, Riezka Aditya, Shanti Emawati, and Ayu Intan Sari. "Analisis Pemasaran Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah Kerajinan Kaligrafi Kulit Kambing di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Sukoharjo." Sains Peternakan 14, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v13i2.11480.
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<p>This research aimed to find out the marketing channel pattern, price, marketing cost,<br />marketing margin, profit and marketing efficiency of goat calligraphy handicraft marketing in<br />Sukoharjo Sub District of Sukoharjo Regency. The sample used is 30 goat leather calligraphy<br />handicraft producers, 3 intermediaries and 6 retailers. This study was conducted using survey; the<br />methods of analyzing data used were cost analysis, margin, profit, and marketing efficiency analyses.<br />The result of research showed that there were 3 marketing channels for goat leather calligraphy<br />handicraft: First Channel: Producer to Consumer, Second Channel: Producer to Retailer to<br />Consumer, and Third Channel: Producer to Intermediary to Retailer to Consumer. The highest<br />marketing cost in the third channel was IDR 921.00 and the lowest one was IDR 0.00. The highest<br />marketing margin occurred in the third channel of IDR 10,000.00 and the lowest one in the first<br />channel of IDR 0.00. The highest marketing profit occurred in the third channel of IDR 9,079.00,<br />while the lowest one was IDR 0,00 occurring in the first channel. The Highest marketing efficiency<br />occurred in the first channel was 100%, followed by second channel 89%, third channel 73%. The<br />three marketing channels had been efficient because the efficiency value obtained was >50%. The<br />most efficient marketing was the first channel but the most widely used by producer was the third<br />channel.</p>
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Mohammed, Shegaw Ahmed, Balaraman Madhan, Berhanu Assefa Demissie, Brindha Velappan, and Alagumuthu Tamil Selvi. "Rumex abyssinicus (mekmeko) Ethiopian plant material for preservation of goat skins: Approach for cleaner leather manufacture." Journal of Cleaner Production 133 (October 2016): 1043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.043.
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Caglayan, Pinar, Meral Birbir, Cristina Sánchez-Porro, and Antonio Ventosa. "Detection of industrially potential enzymes of moderately halophilic bacteria on salted goat skins." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 43, no. 3 (October 18, 2017): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2017-0127.
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Abstract Aim: This study aimed to isolate moderately halophilic bacteria from salted goat skins, to characterize these microorganisms and to determine their industrially important enzymes such as amylase, catalase, oxidase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, lipase, lecithinase, protease, pullulanase, urease, phospholipase, xylanase and β-galactosidase. Methods: Enzymes of these bacteria, isolated from skin samples belonging to eight countries and identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods, were examined in agar media. Results: Thirty-nine isolates were fairly similar to species of genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Salinicoccus, Gracilibacillus, Chromohalobacter and Halomonas. Various carbon sources were utilized, and all isolates produced enzyme. Enzyme-producing species were Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus, Staphylococcus arlettae, Bacillus pumilus, Gracilibacillus dipsosauri, Salinicoccus roseus, Bacillus licheniformis, Chromohalobacter beijerinckii, Staphylococcus xylosus, Halomonas eurihalina, Staphylococcus equorum subsp. equorum, Halomonas zhanjiangensis, Halomonas venusta and Chromohalobacter canadensis. Fairly high percentage of isolates produced protease (87%) and catalase (100%). While more than 50% of isolates produced lipase (64%), β-galactosidase (59%) and oxidase (56%), less than 50% of isolates produced urease (46%), caseinase (28%), amylase (26%), lecithinase (8%) and cellulase (5%). Conclusion: We detected that moderately halophilic bacteria on skins produced important enzymes, which may be used in diverse industrial applications in leather, feed, detergent, paper, food, chemical, medical, pharmaceutical, textile industries.
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Basuki, Mahmud. "Identifikasi Cacat Prioritas pada Proses Shaving untuk Pengendalian Mutu Kualitas." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem & Industri (JRSI) 6, no. 02 (December 29, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jrsi.v6i02.378.
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PT XYZ is a company engaged in leather tanning since 1966. The skin used by PT XYZ is sheep skin and goat skin, each of which has a composition of 50%. This study aims to analyze product defects in the process of shaving (tanning) by using statistical quality control and knowing the factors that cause product defects using Ishikwa diagrams. The results showed that there were three types of disabilities, namely tear, lorek, and thinness. By using the control chart p (p-chart) there are 5 out of control data observations with prioritization of repairs that must be done first is the type of tear, thinness, and finally lorek which analyzed the causes of product defects using Ishikawa diagram.
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Bengouga, Khalila, L. LahmadiSalwa, Reguia Zeguerou, Moufida Maaoui, and Youcef Halis. "Livestock in rural piedmont regions of Algeria." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 2 (2019): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1902199b.
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A livestock survey conducted during 2013/2015 as part of a CRSTRA project in 4 villages situated at North east Biskra and south Batna in Algeria. These regions are located at elevation ranging around 250-831m asl, experiencing arid and semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Respondents of 86 families demonstrated that livestock is an integral part of the region?s mixed farming systems. Low livestock numbers per most households at present reflect the self-consumption breeding mode adapted in these regions. Currently, farmers focus on four main livestock types; goat, sheep, chicken and bee keeping in two regions, it is the case of Beni Souik and Branis , while Maafa includes beyond these types, turkey and pigeon whereas Ain Zaatout includes duck and swine beside the previous livestock types. In the same context; goat ranked first in the four regions, goat and sheep secondly then goat and poultry with goat combined to sheep and poultry in third place. Thus; most families use a combination of grazing, agriculture sub-products and industrial products for the nutrition of their livestock. Families keep livestock as source of milk, butter, wool or hair, leather and other products that are strongly used as nutritional, weaving supply or stocking covering resources for the family members or friends and in some cases for sell to seekers of animal products of indigenous territory origins. Most families use these products for family and friend consumption while a minority sell some of them on local markets.
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Karuppiah, Koppiahraj, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan, Syed Mithun Ali, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, and R. K. A. Bhalaji. "Inhibitors to circular economy practices in the leather industry using an integrated approach: Implications for sustainable development goals in emerging economies." Sustainable Production and Consumption 27 (July 2021): 1554–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.03.015.
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Patriani, Peni, Nurzainah Ginting, Uswatun Hasanah, and R. Edhy Mirwandhono. "Application of silase waste fruit leather technology in Suka village, Kecamatan Tigapanah, Karo District." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v4i2.3669.
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Karo Regency is one of the biggest coffee producing regions in North Sumatra Province. Plantation waste by-product from coffee production is the coffee seed waste which is usually discarded and causes environmental pollution. The purpose of this community service is to apply the waste of coffee fruit skin into sheep and goat feed using silage technology so that it can reduce the cost of feed for farmers. The method used is interviews and finding solutions to problems, training accompanied by practice using teaching media such as guidebooks, leaflets and banners, assistance and reinforcement supported by equipment from the service team so farmers are more interested. Outcomes of community service programs are improving farmers 'knowledge and skills, reducing the cost of animal feed using abundant coffee seed waste, reducing environmental pollution, developing the concept of business integration between plantations and animal husbandry so as to increase farmers' incomes. The results obtained are based on a long-term indicator that the utilization of coffee fruit seed waste using silage technology for animal feed can reduce feed costs, increase livestock production, increase farmers' skills and knowledge and can overcome waste pollution. It was concluded that silage technology using coffee seed waste is very effective to improve science, environmental health, income and farmers' standard of living.
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Dagne, Henok, R. Karthikeyan, and Sisay Feleke. "Waste to Energy: Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Leather Fleshing Waste." Journal of Energy 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7329269.
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Background. The demand for diesel fuel is constantly increasing, requiring its alternate that could be sustainable, technically feasible, price competitive, and ecologically acceptable. Biodiesel is one of ecologically acceptable substitute for the conventional fuels. Methods. Sufficient lime fleshing waste was collected from Addis Ababa tannery share company. The limed fleshing waste in the wet condition was delimed using boric acid, dried, chopped, and subjected to Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether solvent. The oil was treated by orthophosphoric acid and distilled water to remove gums. The pretreated oil was subjected to homogeneous base catalyzed transesterification. Response surface was used to optimize the process variables. GC-MS was used to see composition of the biodiesel produced. Result. The oil yield of the goat, hide, and sheep delimed fleshing wastes were 23.08%, 12.05%, and 26.7%, respectively. The conversion to biodiesel by KOH-catalyzed transesterification was achieved above 96% under optimum conditions: a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 1 % w/w, and reaction temperature of 60°C for an hour reaction time. Conclusion. It was proven that fleshing wastes from tanneries whose storage and disposal are both troublesome and costly could be transformed to a fuel with low emission values and a performance close to diesel fuel.
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Szymański, Andrzej. "Księga praw miejskich Głubczyc (Codex Iuris Lubschicensis)." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, no. 4 (1) (September 17, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1204.
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In the paper, a unique monument in the area of town charters history is presented, that is The Town Charter of Głubczyce. At present, housed by the National Archives in Opole, it was written in Gothic. On the both sides of each of the 241 parchment pages of goat skin in two columns (several pages have got only ruled lines). It was bound later on (the beginning of the 20th century) in oak boards, covered with brown leather. The corners of the both covers and their insides have brass bindings of open-work with the motif of a crown and cone knobs – feet. The book has the following dimensions 40 x 29.5 [cm] and is well preserved. The legal regulations contained in it became the basis of functioning of many towns in Silesia, Czech and Moravia, laying the foundation for the family of the town rights of Głubczyce.
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Purwanto, Inaaratul Chusna Ichda, Yohanes Anton Nugroho, and Suseno Suseno. "OPTIMASI PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN ALGORITMA HARMONY SEARCH DI PT ADI SATRIA ABADI (ASA." Jurnal DISPROTEK 11, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdpt.v11i1.826.
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PT Adi Satria Abadi (ASA) is a company engaged in the processing of leather, especially sheep skin and goat skin, which is used for the manufacture of golf gloves. The problem faced by the company is the production process that exceeds the due date to other customers who order products at PT ASA. From the research, it is known that the cause is a company scheduling method that has not been organized so that the production sequence is concurrent. Selection of methods Harmony Search algorithms in scheduling are caused by delays. The Harmony Search algorithm can provide a better makespan value than the company method. The results of the company method obtain 0.9 months makespan average, the Harmony Search Algorithm method produces an average 0.8 months makespan. In addition, the use of the Harmony Search Algorithm method can reduce the average value of 0.1 months makespan. The results of the study in three months experienced time savings of 0.6 months, 0.6 months and 0.1 months respectively.
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Cahyana, Muhammad Aziz, Ulfah Amalia, and Slamet Suharto. "POTENSI PANKREAS KAMBING SEBAGAI BATING AGENT ALAMI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK KULIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromus niloticus) TERSAMAK(Pancreas Potential Of Goat As A Natural Bating Agent On Tilapia (Oroeochromus niloticus) Leather)." SAINTEK PERIKANAN : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.14.2.123-127.
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Pankreas kambing mengandung enzim proteolitik yang berpotensi sebagai bating agent dalam proses penyamakan kulit.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bating agent dari pankreas kambing terhadap karakteristik fisik kulit ikan nila tersamak dan mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik dari penggunaan bating agent pankreas kambing. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit ikan niladan pankreas kambing segar. Metode penelitian ini bersifat experimental laboratories menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali pengulangan dengan 4 konsentrasi bating agent yaitu (0,5%, 1%, 1,5% dan 2%) kulit ikan tersamak diuji dengankekuatan tarik, kemuluran, kekuatan sobek, kadar krom oksida, dan suhu kerut. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan bahan bating agent berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik kulit ikan tersamak (P<0,05). Konsentrasi bating agent sebesar 2% memberikan hasil yang terbaik sebagai berikut: kekuatan tarik 1300,45 N/cm², kemuluran 87,70%, kekuatan sobek 273,90 N/cm², kadar krom oksida 3,46 %, dan suhu kerut 99,75°C. Kulit ikan nila tersamak hasil penelitian semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4586-1998 kecuali untuk parameter kemuluran tidak memenuhi syarat. Goat pancreas, containing proteolytic enzymes which the potential as a bating agent in the process of tanning the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using bating agent from goat pancreas on the physical characteristics of tilapia skin and knowing the best concentration of using the goat pancreatic agent. The material used in this study is the skin of tilapia and fresh goat pancreas. This research method is experimental laboratories using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three repetitions with 4 concentrations of bating agent namely (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) the skin of tanned fish is tested with tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, chrome oxide content, and wrinkle temperature. The results of the study resulted in bating agent material affecting the characteristics of tanned fish skin (P <0.05). Bating agent concentration of 2% gave the best results as follows: tensile strength 1300.45 N / cm², elongation 87.70%, tear strength 273.90 N / cm², chrome oxide content 3.46%, and wrinkle temperature 99, 75 ° C. The results of this study produced a total nitrogen of 2.65% of the goat pancreas which has great potential to be used as bating material. The skin of tanned tilapia from the results of this study meets the requirements of SNI 06-4586-1998 except for elongation parameters that do not meet the requirements.