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Firoze Basu. "Goethe’s “Welt” poet in Bengal: The Influence of World Literature on Jibanananda Das and other Bengali Poets of the 1930s-40s." Creative Launcher 6, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.3.01.
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This study aims to establish a link between the concept of “Weltliteratur” or World Literature, in terms of the free movement of literary themes and ideas between nations in original form or translation, and the Bengali poets of the thirties and forties who actively translated French and German poets. It identifies Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's (1749-1832) concept of World Literature as a vehicle for the Kallol Jug poets. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe introduced the concept of “Weltliteratur” in a few of his essays in the first half of the nineteenth century to describe the international circulation and reception of literary works in Europe, including works of non-Western origin. My emphasis will be on Jibanananda Das (1899-1954) arguably the most celebrated poet in Bengali literature who was well versed in the contemporary Western Canons of Poetry. Jibanananda’s defamiliarization of the rural Bengal Landscape, his use of exotic foreign images owe a debt to contemporary European poets. Interestingly, Jibanananda had reviewed an English translation of German author Thomas Mann’s novel “Dr Faustus’ for a Bengali magazine “Chaturanga”. In the Bengali review he states that despite prevalent misconceptions (some critics considering the novel to be superior to the original Faust epic by Goethe) Goethe’s Faust was the first text to capture the hope, despair and crisis in the modern world and articulate it in such a manner that “true” literature of the age was created in its new light. In Jibanananda’s estimation, Thomas Mann deserves credit for treating the Faust legend in a unique and creative way.
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Shahar, Galili. "Goethe’s Song of Songs : Reorientation, World Literature." Prooftexts 40, no. 1 (2023): 110–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ptx.2023.a899251.
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Abstract: The engagement of the German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) with biblical Hebrew poetry already during the early stages of his career in the 1770s and later during the Divan period (1814–27) was associated with his study of Oriental literatures. Under the influence of his mentor and friend, Johann Gottfried Herder, Goethe devoted himself to studying and translating Hebrew and Arabic sources (mostly from the Latin), among them the Song of Songs, alongside chapters from the Qurʿan. In his late work his reflections on the Hebrew biblical poem were associated with his interpretation of Persian classical poetry, first and foremost the ghazals, the love poems by Hâfiz, while composing his work Der westöstlicher Divan . This article offers a comparative study of Goethe’s translation and interpretation of Song of Songs, discussing its major motives, the dialectic of profane love and the sacred, confusion and disorientation, drunkenness, erotic desire, and gender ambiguities. It refers to Goethe’s translation of the Hebrew poem also in conjunction with a critical, decolonial review of Weltliteratur (world literature). Goethe’s Song of Songs serves us as a map of literary interactions, in which the German, the Hebrew and the Persian are brought into conversation.
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Haas, L. F. "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.56.11.1148.
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Mannetstätter, Antje, and Christoph Friedrich. "Die Zürcher Arzt-Apotheker-Familie Lavater und Johann Wolfgang von Goethe." Gesnerus 55, no. 1-2 (November 27, 1998): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0550102002.
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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the connections between Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) and the physician and pharmacist family Lavater in Zurich. The analysis of the correspondence between Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770-1837) and the Lavater family and between the Lavater family and the government of the duchy of Weimar shows an interesting story about a picture "Goethe in Italy".
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Herrmann, Helmut. "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) und seine Hohenloher Vorfahren." Württembergisch Franken 84 (May 17, 2023): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/wfr.v84i.5620.
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Todd, Malcolm. "Goethe and prehistory." Antiquity 59, no. 227 (November 1985): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00057264.
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In this fascinating article, the Professor of Archaeology in the University of Exeter shows us that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) was not only the author of Faust, The Sorrows of Young Werther, and of beautiful lyrics, ballads and love-songs, but was keenly interested in prehistory and was well abreast of the subject as it was developing in Germany in the early nineteenth century.
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Kestler, Izabela Maria Furtado. "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: arte e natureza, poesia e ciência." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 13, suppl (October 2006): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702006000500003.
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Este artigo apresenta a obra científica do poeta alemão Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), a qual engloba os campos da anatomia humana e animal, ótica, geologia, mineralogia, química, botânica, morfologia e meteorologia. Goethe considerava que na natureza e na arte vigiam as mesmas leis, conceituadas por ele como leis da polaridade e da intensificação. Sua obra poética só pode ser avaliada e interpretada à luz de sua visão da harmonia entre homem e natureza, assim como da complementaridade entre espírito e matéria.
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Fein, I. Alan, and Gregg Y. Lipschik. "“We only see what we know”—Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [1749–1832]*." Critical Care Medicine 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31819305f3.
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Tocha, Veronika. "Dichtung und Wahrheit. Gesichtsmasken in der Berliner Gipsformerei." Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte 14, no. 1 (2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1863-8937-2020-1-27.
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) sah etwas "Fremdartiges, ja völlig Unwahres" im Medium der Totenmaske. Überhaupt schien ihm der Tod "ein sehr mittelmäßiger Porträtmaler", weshalb er sich nicht nur gegen die Abnahme seiner eigenen Totenmaske aussprach, sondern es auch ablehnte die Totenmasken seiner Freunde zu betrachten. Mit dieser Haltung nimmt Goethe im Kontext seiner Zeit eine Ausnahmestellung ein, waren Totenmasken von öffentlichen Persönlichkeiten und Geistesgrößen aller Art ab dem frühen 19. Jahrhundert doch höchst populär und wurde die Abformung des Totengesichts gerade deshalb praktiziert, weil sie - so der damalige Konsens - wie kein anderes bildgebendes Verfahren Realitätsnähe und Wahrheit verbürgte.
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Nawata, Yūji. "Phantasmagoric Literatures from 1827 : Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Sin Chaha, and Kyokutei Bakin1." Jahrbuch für Internationale Germanistik 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/jig541_145.
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The magic lantern as a projection technique, which has existed in Europe since the 17th century (at the latest), and phantasmagoria as a large-scale magic lantern occupy a prominent place in the world history of visual culture. As they spread across the world, these technologies encountered written cultures and produced fantastic literature—phantasmagorical literature, so to speak. This article analyzes phantasmagorical literature written or published circa 1827 by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) of Germany, (SIN Chaha, also called [SIN Wi], 1769–18452 of Korea, and (KYOKUTEI Bakin, 1767–1848) of Japan. This is a demonstration of a novel approach to comparative literature, which compares literary works in the light of global technological history, and this is an attempt to give an insight into the world history of visual culture from the perspective of 1827.
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LIRA, André Augusto Diniz, and Maria da Conceição PASSEGGI. "Autobiografia e formação humana." Pontos de Interrogação – Revista de Crítica Cultural 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30620/pdi.v11n2.p113.
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O objetivo do artigo é identificar processos de formação humana na autobiografia de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) – De minha vida: poesia e verdade – com foco na análise do prefácio à obra em que o autor responde a uma carta de amigos leitores, compreendida como um texto do próprio Goethe, e explicita pontos e contrapontos de sua opção por uma escrita autobiográfica para satisfazer o pedido de seus leitores. O presente estudo, situado no paradigma narrativo-(auto)biográfico, discute quatro dimensões do processo de autobiografização na linha da Bildung: enquanto processo autoral; tomada de consciência no entrecruzamentos com contextos históricos, contatos com pessoas próximas e distantes, assim como com outros autores; explicitação da multiplicidade e de metamorfoses do si mesmo, do ponto de vista sincrônico e diacrônico, na busca de uma articulação entre Poesia (arte) e Verdade (história) como entidades complementares na construção existencial, intelectual de homem público e autor de sua obra literária. A noção de Bildung é fundamental para se entender a autobiografia de Goethe e seus romances de formação (Bildungsroman) como proposta do autor sobre a formação humana. [Recebido em: 29 jul. 2021 – Aceito em: 30 out. 2021]
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Fleischer, Jürg, Michael Cysouw, Augustin Speyer, and Richard Wiese. "Variation and its determinants: A corpus-based study of German schwa in the letters of Goethe." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 37, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2018-0002.
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Abstract This paper studies some factors governing the presence or absence of word-final schwa in German. To obtain data as homogeneous as possible we focus on three adverbs outside morphological paradigms, namely, heut(e) ‘today’, gern(e) ‘willingly’, and bald(e) ‘soon’, in one particular text type, the letters written by one and the same person, the writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832). Apart from lexical differences between the items studied and change over time, various phonological factors are shown to be important, most prominently the accent pattern of the following word (schwa tends to be present if the first syllable of the following word is accentuated), foot structure, and the initial segment of the following word. Statistical analyses, both for the individual factors and their (potential) interactions, reveal significant patterns at work behind the variation. For gern(e) the most important factors are purely phonological while for heut(e) the type of the following boundary and the position in the sentence is crucial.
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Pires, Pedro Giovanetti Cesar. "Cultura e formação: os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister e o desencantamento de Goethe frente ao mundo burguês." Século XXI – Revista de Ciências Sociais 6, no. 2 (March 24, 2017): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236672526328.
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No presente artigo, gostaríamos de apresentar uma caracterização do contexto histórico que subjaz ao romance de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister (1796). Uma vez que o romance viria a se tornar uma peça-chave do gênero “romance de formação”, o contexto histórico do romance pode nos ajudar a entender justamente como a noção alemã de formação se cristalizou a partir da experiência histórica dessa nação. Mais especificamente, a cristalização da noção alemã de Bildung relaciona-se tanto com a posição da intelligentsia burguesa na estrutura social alemã, como também com o contexto mais amplo da emergência do mundo burguês. O romance em questão também relaciona-se intimamente com o percurso social de seu autor, e procuraremos analisar as possíveis influências desse percurso para a visão que o romance apresenta da modernidade emergente. A reconstrução do contexto histórico é feita a partir da obra de Norbert Elias 'O processo Civilizador', bem como a partir dos livros 'The German tradition of self-cultivation: Bildung from Humboldt to Thomas Mann' e 'Culture and Socitey in Classical Weimar 1775-1806' do historiador Walter Bruford.
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Schweizer, C. "Geological travellers in view of their philosophical and economical intentions: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) and Caspar Maria Count Sternberg (1761–1838)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 287, no. 1 (2007): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp287.6.
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Makhmudova, Muattar Makhsatilloevna. "FUNDAMENTALS AND IDEOLOGICAL CONTENT OF THE CREATION OF Y.V. GOETHE'S "WEST-EAST COLLECTION OF POEMS"." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/5/11.
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Background. The article tells about the work of the famous German writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe and about the history of the creation of the famous "West-Eastern Divan". Methods. The famous German writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832) was a poet, playwright, literary critic, jurist, orientalist, historian and philosopher, painter, theater critic, naturalist, and scientist and statesman who made discoveries in biology and mineralogy. He was one of the first to use the term "world literature." His 143-volume artistic and scientific legacy includes his works such as Faust, The Sufferings of Young Werther, West-east collection of poems, Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), Tawrida Iphigenia, Roman Elegies, Torquato Tasso, "The Evolution of Nabotot", "The Magic Whisper", "Information about Color", as well as more than three thousand poems have attracted the attention of readers around the world. Results. In particular, Goethe's main idea in his artistic heritage was to bring together the cultures of all the peoples of the world and to open the way to world literature. "West-east collection of poems" brought him a lot of fame. At that time, the poet was 70 years old. Discussion. Before Goethe created the "West-east collection of poems" (or “Mag‘ribu Mashriq devoni”), he began to study the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, which the Orient worships. At that time, the Qur'an was translated into German, as well as into Latin, English and French. Although the poet was still young, more precisely, twenty-four years old, he studied these translations by comparing them because he knew all the languages listed above. He even mastered the Arabic orthography, through which he tried to understand and study the essence of the verses of the Qur'an. He also took a keen interest in studying the life of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the hadeeths that are his sayings. The full manuscript of Surat an-Nas, written by Goethe in Arabic, includes "Allah," "Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." The manuscript is still housed in the House Museum in Weimar, Germany. Conclusion. Thus, Goethe, who from an early age was interested in the languages, history, literature, religious and philosophical views, customs and traditions of the peoples of the East, wrote the "West-east collection of poems", primarily under the influence of the Qur'an and hadiths, mystical teachings. as well as in the interpretation of the ghazals of such famous representatives of Eastern poetry as Rudaki, Firdavsi, Hafiz Sherozi, Saadi, Anvari, Nizami, Rumi, Jami, Navoi. He even chose the oriental nickname "Hotam" to create it
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Saatci, Edibe Nuray. "Goethe’nin Eserlerinde İslâm ve İslâm Tasavvufu." Üsküdar Üniversitesi Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 1, no. 1 (May 2022): 41–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/ustad.2022.1.16.
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Bilindiği üzere Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832), Almanya’nın gelmiş geçmiş en ünlü şair ve edibidir. Çok iyi bir eğitim almış olan Goethe’nin bilgisi ve merakı sadece edebiyat alanıyla sınırlı kalmamıştır. Kendisi çok yönlüdür; doğa bilimleri, resim, mûsıkî, felsefe, teoloji ile ilgilenip, bu dallarda da kendini geliştirmiştir. Daha çocuk yaşlarında çeşitli dillerde ders almıştır. Fransızca, İngilizce, Latince ve Grekçe’nin yanı sıra İbranice de bilmektedir ve Arapça’ya da ilgi duyup öğrenmeye başlamıştır. Kendisi hukuk okumuş ve devlet bakanı olarak görev yapmıştır. Protestan bir ailede yetişen Goethe, Hristiyan dini öğretisine, İncil’e hem lisan hem de içerik olarak çok iyi hâkimdir. Goethe 83 senelik yaşamında daima hakikat peşinde koşmuştur ve bu bağlamda birçok dini incelemiştir. İslâm dinini de yakından araştıran Goethe, ünlü Goethe uzmanı Prof. Katharina Mommsen’e göre kendi din anlayışına, bilhassa Allah’ın birliği, Allah’ın tecellileri, peygamberlere iman, Allah’a teslimiyet, kader ve kazaya inanma gibi konularda, İslâm dinini en yakın bulmuştur. Daha 23 yaşında Kur’ân’ı okumaya başlamış ve 11 sûreden oluşan Almanca bir Kur’ân özeti (Koran-Auszüge) düzenlemiştir. Gene genç yaşlarında Hz. Muhammed’e 72 mısralık Mahomets Gesang (Muhammed Kasîdesi) isimli bir övgü şiiri yazmıştır. İslâm, Kur’ân ve Peygamber Efendimiz hakkındaki bilgi birikiminin üzerine ileri yaşlarda kendinden 400 sene evvel yaşamış Hâfız diye tanınan Şemsüddîn Muhammed Şîrâzî’nin (ö. 1390) Dîvân’ının tarihçi Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (ö. 1856) tarafından yapılmış Almanca tercümesi eline geçer. Bu eserden Goethe o kadar etkilenir ki, 65 yaşında ikinci büyük eseri olan Doğu-Batı Divanı’nı yazmaya başlar. Doğu-Batı Divanı’ndaki şiirler İslâmî kavramlar ve Kur’ân âyetlerine atıflar barındırmaktadır. Goethe’nin de Hristiyan bir ailede yetişmiş ve hakikat peşinde koşan bir şair olarak, araştırmaları neticesinde İslâm öğretisini kendi inanç anlayışına en yakın bulması ve bunu eserlerinde hiç çekinmeden dile getirmesi çok önemli bir husustur. Dünyaca bilinen ve edebi üslubu ile herkesi etkileyen bir dâhînin, İslâm, Hz. Muhammed ve Kur’ân-ı Kerim hakkındaki övgü ve saygı dolu eserlerinin okuyucalarının, bilhassa biz Müslümanların üzerindeki etkisi büyüktür. Diğer taraftan da onun eserlerinin tasavvufî açıdan inceden inceye araştırılıp, İslâm tasavvuf kültür ve edebiyatına kazandırılması, özellikle dünya barışı ve barış dini olan İslâm açısından çok önemlidir.
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Sassoon, Judyth. "The metamorphosis of the Megatherium: Examples of Goethe's heterodox palaeontology." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, May 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03080188241239532.
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In this paper I present the well-known German literary giant Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) as a heterodox thinker in palaeontology. In Britain, Goethe is best known as a poet, playwright and man of letters, despite producing substantial and detailed scientific studies to which he occasionally attached highly controversial interpretations. In his scientific studies and perhaps especially in palaeontology, Goethe was at times orthodox and at other times highly heterodox. His fundamental project was to comprehend the unifying principle within all nature and in that respect he was one of the early, great holistic thinkers. Goethe proposed a theory of a dynamic unifying ‘type’ for both plants and animals, working together with an inherent creative drive, which he believed was present in all nature. Here I show how he used this model to interpret the morphologies of extinct Plio-Pleistocene mammals such as the aurochs and giant sloth, and also demonstrate how Goethe's dynamic thinking led to some tentative pre-Darwinian transformationist (‘evolutionary’) propositions.
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TEKİN, Habib. "GOETHE’NİN MAHOMETS GESANG İSİMLİ ŞİİRİNDEKİ NEHİR METAFORU VE İSLAMİYET’İN YAYILIŞINA İLİŞKİN BİR İNCELEME." Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, September 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16985/mtad.1149342.
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) Alman Edebiyatının en önemli yazarlarındandır. Hayatının son zamanlarında doğu, şark ve İslam hakkında yoğun ilgi duymuş, Arapça öğrenmiş ve bu yönde birçok eser ele almıştır. Bu çalışmada hedeflenen İslam dininin peygamberi Hz. Muhammed üzerine ele alınan biyografik eserlere dayanılarak, tamamlanmamış bir yapıt olarak kalan Mahomet tragedyasına ve özellikle yapıtın içinde yer alan Mahomets Gesang isimli şiire odaklanılacak ve şiir, İslam’ın yayılışında önemli bir simge olarak öne çıkan nehir metaforu ışığında yorumlanarak bir çözümleme girişiminde bulunulacaktır. Makalede; bu bağlamda günümüze kadar yapılan araştırmalardan farklı bir yön benimsenerek, şiire bütün olarak farklı bir metodoloji ile yaklaşılarak, yeni bir anlam yüklemek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu farklı yaklaşım, nehrin gitgide artan akış hızının, Hz. Muhammed’in egemenliği altındaki İslam dininin yayılışı olarak anlaşılabileceği varsayımına ve tarihî karşılaştırmalara dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada, Hz. Muhammed döneminde tarihsel olduğu kadar simgesel benzerliklerin ve karşılaştırmaların yanı sıra tarihsel gerçeklik yardımıyla da ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenen bilgi, nehir metaforunun İslam tarihinin gelişiminde ne ölçüde yer aldığıdır. Çözümlememizin merkezinde; İslamiyet’teki Tanrı algısının başında yer alan Tanrı’nın peygamberlerle gece vakitlerinde haberleşmesi, Tanrı’nın her zaman her yerde olma niteliği ve Tanrı’nın doğa yoluyla algılanması bulunmaktadır.
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Stegmann, Ulrich E. "A willow drawing from 1786: the earliest depiction of intraspecific trait variation in plants?" Annals of Botany, May 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa091.
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Abstract Background and Aims The study of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in plants has a long history, dating back to the fourth century BC. Its existence was widely acknowledged by the end of the 18th century, although systematic and experimental studies commenced only a century later. However, the historiography of ITV has many gaps, especially with regard to early observations and visual documents. This note identifies an early depiction of plant ITV. Methods The botanical works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), a German writer and naturalist, were subjected to close reading. This included all publications and unpublished sources related to botany between 1785 and 1832 (e.g. notes, drafts, diaries, letters, drawings). This material is accessible in the multi-volume historical-critical edition of Goethe’s studies in natural science (Leopoldina-Ausgabe). Key Results A diary entry from 9 September 1786 described changes in leaf morphology along an elevation gradient in the Bavarian Alps. The leaves of an unidentified species of willow (Spix sp.) and gentian (Gentiana sp.) were said to become narrower with increasing elevation; leaves also stood further apart on twigs, and the latter became thinner. A crude drawing of two willow twigs illustrated the differences. Goethe conjectured that the differences were due to environmental conditions. Conclusions Goethe’s notes were anecdotal, and it is unclear whether the observed plant individuals actually belonged to the same species. Nevertheless, the notes represent an early and clear articulation of the hypothesis that changes in environmental conditions can cause ITV in a natural plant population. The drawing may be the earliest visual record of environmentally caused plant ITV in the wild.