Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gold compounds

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gold compounds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gold compounds"

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Parish, R. V., and Stephanie M. Cottrill. "Medicinal gold compounds." Gold Bulletin 20, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03214653.

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Steggerda, J. J. "Platinum-Gold Cluster Compounds." Comments on Inorganic Chemistry 11, no. 2-3 (December 1990): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02603599008035821.

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Baukova, T. V., L. G. Kuz'mina, A. V. Churakov, N. A. Oleinikova, and P. V. Petrovskii. "Hypercoordinated gold (i) compounds." Russian Chemical Bulletin 47, no. 2 (February 1998): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02498963.

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Rapson, W. S. "Intermetallic compounds of gold." Gold Bulletin 29, no. 4 (December 1996): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03214750.

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Baukova, T. V., L. G. Kuzmina, and A. V. Churakov. "Hypercoordinated gold(I) compounds." Russian Chemical Bulletin 46, no. 12 (December 1997): 2127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02495267.

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Baukova, T. V., L. G. Kuz'mina, N. A. Oleinikova, and D. A. Lemenovskii. "Hypercoordinated gold(i) compounds." Russian Chemical Bulletin 44, no. 10 (October 1995): 1952–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00707234.

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Fackler, John P., Zerihun Assefa, Jennifer M. Forward, and Richard J. Staples. "Excited States of Gold(I) Compounds, Luminescence and Gold-Gold Bonding." Metal-Based Drugs 1, no. 5-6 (January 1, 1994): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1994.459.

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It has long been established by Khan that the superoxide anion, O2-, generates singlet oxygen, O21Δg, during dismutation. Auranofin, gold-phosphine thiols, β-Carotene, and metal-sulfur compounds can rapidly quench singlet O2. The quenching of the O21Δg, which exists at 7752 cm-1 above the ground state triplet, may be due to the direct interaction of the singlet O2 with gold(I) or may require special ligands such as those containing sulfur coordinated to the metal. Thus we have been examining the excited state behavior of gold(I) species and the mechanisms for luminescence. Luminescence is observed under various conditions, with visible emission ranging from blue to red depending on the ligands coordinated to gold(I). Triplet state emission can be found from mononuclear three coordinate Au(I) species, including species which display this behavior in aqueous solution. A description is given of the luminescent three coordinate TPA (triazaphosphaadamantane) and TPPTS (triphenylphosphine-trisulfonate) complexes, the first examples of water soluble luminescent species of gold(I).
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Sutton, Blaine M. "Gold compounds for rheumatoid arthritis." Gold Bulletin 19, no. 1 (March 1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03214639.

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JONES, G., and P. M. BROOKS. "INJECTABLE GOLD COMPOUNDS: AN OVERVIEW." Rheumatology 35, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/35.11.1154.

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Baukova, T. V., N. A. Oleinikova, D. A. Lemenovskii, and L. G. Kuz'mina. "Hypercoordinated compounds of gold(I)." Russian Chemical Bulletin 43, no. 4 (April 1994): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00699848.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gold compounds"

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Coetzee, Karolien. "Gold complexes obtained from gold ylide preparations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21206.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This investigation comprised the synthesis and characterisation of new Au(I) phosphonium ylide complexes and other compounds formed during coordination reactions. These complexes could exploit the synergism between two pharmacologically active substances (gold complex unit and phosphorus ylide) to furnish an even more active substance. Four phosphonium salts were prepared, [C6H5CH2PPh3]Br (1), [Ph3P(CH2)3PPh3]Br2 (2a), p-[{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (3a) and m- [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (4a), by reacting PPh3 with the corresponding alkylbromides. The 13C and 1H NMR spectra of the compounds 1 – 4a indicated that many of the nuclei are magnetically inequivalent. The aromatic units in PPh3 are normally identical, but multiple, overlapping signals proved that the corresponding ortho, meta and para carbon and proton nuclei are in magnetically different environments from each other. Single crystal structures of salts 3a and 4a were determined. Different methods were followed to deprotonate the phosphonium salts to afford the corresponding ylides and to coordinate the ylides to gold precursor compounds. Most of the reactions yielded inseparable mixtures of products and pure compounds could not be isolated in large enough quantities for characterisation by all physical methods. Sufficient crystals for structure determination by X-ray diffraction were obtained. The product mixtures were characterised by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Characteristic downfield chemical shift changes after coordination of the ylides to Au(I) were observed for the carbon and phosphorus nuclei, while the protons displayed upfield shifts. Reaction of (C6F5)Au(tht) with the salts 1 – 4a, and subsequent deprotonation yielded the gold(I) ylide complexes [C6H5CH(AuC6F5)PPh3] (5), [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2CH2] (6), p-[{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (8), and m- [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (9). The crystal and molecular structures of compounds 5 and 9 were determined. Deprotonation of 4a with n-BuLi, followed by reaction with (C6F5)Au(tht) yielded complexes 9 and [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4][BrAuC6F5]2 (10). The crystal structure of compound 10 was determined. Two aurocyclic compounds, [μ- {(Ph3PCH)2CH2}2Au2][BF4]2 (12) and [μ–{(Ph3PCH)2C6H4}2Au2][BF4]2 (13) were synthesised by deprotonating salts 2b and 3b with n-BuLi and subsequently reacting the corresponding bisylides with ClAu(tht). Reaction procedures in which Ag2O was used as deprotonating agent for the phosphonium salts 2a, 3a and 4a, yielded mixtures of products. Single crystals of complexes m-[Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)C6H4CH3] (14), [C6F5Au(tht)] (15) and [(C6F5)2Au][(Ph3PCH2)2C6H4] (16) were isolated from the reaction mixtures and subjected to X-ray crystal structure determination. The molecular structure of 15 exhibited unusual aurophilic interactions and represents the first example of a linear gold chain in which the gold···gold distances systematically alternate between 3.13Å, 3.31Å and 3.20Å. Salt 2b was reacted with Ph3PAu(acac) to afford the desired compound, [{Ph3PCH(AuPPh3)}2CH2](BF4)2 (19), along with [CH3C(O)C(AuPPh3)2C(O)CH3] (17) and some byproducts. Compound 17 was characterised by single crystal Xray diffraction. The fluorobiphenylgold(I) complexes, 4,4’-[(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (21) and 2,2’- [(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (22) were synthesised by reaction of ClAuPPh3 with the lithiated 2,2’-dibromooctafluorobiphenyl and 4,4’-dibromooctafluorobiphenyl respectively. The molecular structure of 21 revealed that one of the C–Au–P bond angles deviates from linearity by 12.5°, probably as a result of π-stacking of the tetrafluorophenyl rings and steric requirements of the bulky PPh3 units. The other C–Au–P bond angle is linear [177.9(3)°].
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie behels die sintese en karakterisering van nuwe fosfoniumylied goud(I)-komplekse en ander verbindings wat gedurende koördinasiereaksies vorm. Sulke komplekse kan sinergisme tussen twee farmakologies-aktiewe entiteite (goud(I) en fosfoniumylied) om ʼn meer aktiewe verbinding te vorm meebring. Vier fosfoniumsoute is berei, [C6H5CH2PPh3]Br (1), [Ph3P(CH2)3PPh3]Br2 (2a), p- [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (3a) en m-[{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (4a), deur PPh3 met die ooreenstemmende alkielbromiedes te reageer. Die 13C- en 1H- KMR-spektra van dié verbindings toon dat ʼn aantal kerne in aromatiese ringe magneties onekwivalent is. Normaalweg is die koolstowwe in PPh3-eenhede ekwivalent, maar meervoudige, oorvleuelende pieke het nou getoon dat die ooreenstemmende orto-, meta- en para-koolstof sowel as die ooreenstemmende protonkerne in verskillende magnetiese omgewings voorkom. Die kristalstrukture van die soute 3a en 4a hierbo is met behulp van X-straal tegnieke bepaal. Verskillende metodes is gevolg om die fosfoniumsoute te deprotoneer na die ooreenstemmende yliede en om die yliede dan aan goud-bevattende uitgangstowwe te probeer koördineer. Die meeste reaksies het nie-skeibare mengsels gevorm en enkelprodukte kon nie in groot genoeg konsentrasies geïsoleer word om hulle afsonderlik te karakteriseer nie. Kristalle vir X-straal kristalstruktuur bepalings is verkry. Die produkmengsels is gekarakteriseer met behulp van 1H-, 13C- en 31P- KMR-spektroskopie en massaspektrometrie. Karakteristieke veranderinge in chemiese verskuiwings na laer veldsterktes vir die koolstof en fosfor kerne is waargeneem na koördinasie van die yliede aan Au(I), terwyl die protone na höer veldsterktes verskuif het. Die reaksie tussen (C6F5)Au(tht) (tetrahidrotiofeen) en soute 1 – 4a gevolg deur deprotonering, vorm die goud-yliedkomplekse [C6H5CH(AuC6F5)PPh3] (5), [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2CH2] (6), p-[{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (8), en m- [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (9). Die kristalstrukture van komplekse 5 en 9 het al die molekulêre interaksies daarin blootgelê. Deprotonering van 4a met n-BuLi, gevolg deur reaksie met (C6F5)Au(tht) lewer komplekse 9 en [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4][BrAuC6F5]2 (10). Die kristal- en molekulêre struktuuur van kompleks 10 is bepaal. Twee aurosikliese verbindings, [μ- {(Ph3PCH)2CH2}2Au2][BF4]2 (12) en [μ–{(Ph3PCH)2C6H4}2Au2][BF4]2 (13) is gesintetiseer deur gedeprotoneerde bisyliede verkry van 2b en 3b met substitusie van tht aan die ClAu-eenheid te koördineer. Reaksieprosedures waarin Ag2O vir deprotonering van die fosfoniumsoute 2a, 3a en 4a gebruik is, het tot mengsels van produkte aanleiding gegee. Enkelkristalle van komplekse [Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)C6H4CH3] (14), [C6F5Au(tht)] (15) en [(C6F5)2Au][(Ph3PCH2)2C6H4] (16) is geïsoleer uit die reaksies en kristalstruktuurbepalings is uitgevoer. Die molekulere struktuur van 15 toon ongewone aurofiliese interaksies en verteenwoordig die eerste voorbeeld van ʼn linieêre goudketting; met goud···goud afstande wat sistematies varieër tussen 3.13Å, 3.31Å en 3.20Å. Sout 2b is met Ph3PAu(acac) gereageer om die gewenste produk, [{Ph3PCH(AuPPh3)}2CH2](BF4)2 (19), saam met [CH3C(O)C(AuPPh3)2C(O)CH3] (17) en ander byprodukte te vorm. Verbinding 17 is as enkelkristalle Xstraalkristallografies gekarakteriseer. Die fluorobifeniel goud(I)-komplekse, 4,4’-[(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (21) en 2,2’- [(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (22), is gesintetiseer deur koördinasie van AuPPh3 aan die gelitieërde 2,2’-dibromooktafluorobifeniel en 4,4’-dibromooktafluorobifeniel respektiewelik. Die molekulere struktuur van 21 het getoon dat een van die C-Au- P bindingshoeke met 12.5º afwyk van 180º, waarskynlik as gevolg van π- interaksie van die tetrafluorofenielringe en die steriese vereistes van die groot PPh3-eenhede. Die ander C-Au-P bindingshoek is linieêr [177.9(3)°].
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Yang, Yi. "Gold(I) oxo, imido, hydrazido complexes and gold clusters /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841362.

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Coetzee, Jacorien. "New developments in the coordination chemistry of gold(1), gold(II) and gold(III) with C-, N-, P-and S-Donor ligands /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/412.

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Yau, John. "The chemistry of gold(I) compounds." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338901.

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Haggitt, Jane Louise. "Cluster compounds of platinum and gold." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334859.

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Elsome, Amanda Maria. "Some biological interactions of gold compounds." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283198.

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LeBlanc, Daren James. "Thiol complexes of gold(I) : structure and chemistry of the gold based anti-arthritis drugs /." *McMaster only, 1996.

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Chiffey, Andrew Francis. "Bimetallic compounds of palladium, platinum and gold." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294602.

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肖紅 and Hong Xiao. "Photochemical, photophysical properties and structures of polynuclear gold(I) clusters and organometallic gold(I) complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31235438.

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Xiao, Hong. "Photochemical, photophysical properties and structures of polynuclear gold(I) clusters and organometallic gold(I) complexes /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19669471.

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Books on the topic "Gold compounds"

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Saul, Patai, and Rappoport Zvi, eds. The chemistry of organic derivatives of gold and silver. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Antonio, Laguna, ed. Modern supramolecular gold chemistry: Gold-metal interactions and applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008.

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Simpozium "Nanogeokhimii︠a︡ zolota" (2008 Vladivostok, Russia). Nanogeokhimii︠a︡ zolota: Trudy simpoziuma, Vladivostok, 17-18 apreli︠a︡ 2008 g.. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2008.

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Simpozium "Nanogeokhimii︠a︡ zolota" (2008 Vladivostok, Russia). Nanogeokhimii︠a︡ zolota: Trudy simpoziuma, Vladivostok, 17-18 apreli︠a︡ 2008 g.. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka, 2008.

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1915-, Dirkse T. P., Michalowski T, Akaiwa H, and Izumi F, eds. Copper, silver, gold and zinc, cadmium, mercury, oxides and hydroxides. Oxford: Pergamon, 1986.

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Watterson, John R. A pyrolysis-gas chromatographic study of organic matter from Snake River flake-type placer gold particles. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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S, Leventhal Joel, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A pyrolysis-gas chromatographic study of organic matter from Snake River flake-type placer gold particles. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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S, Leventhal Joel, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A pyrolysis-gas chromatographic study of organic matter from Snake River flake-type placer gold particles. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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S, Leventhal Joel, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A pyrolysis-gas chromatographic study of organic matter from Snake River flake-type placer gold particles. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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S, Leventhal Joel, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A pyrolysis-gas chromatographic study of organic matter from Snake River flake-type placer gold particles. [Reston, Va.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gold compounds"

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Chipperfield, J. R. "Compounds of Gold." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 360. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145289.ch144.

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Berners-Price, Susan J., and Peter J. Barnard. "Therapeutic Gold Compounds." In Ligand Design in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry, 227–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118697191.ch9.

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Shaw, C. Frank. "Gold." In Metal Compounds in Cancer Therapy, 46–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1252-9_3.

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Macintyre, J. E. "Au Gold." In Dictionary of Organometallic Compounds, 42–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6847-6_4.

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MacIntyre, Jane E. "Au Gold." In Dictionary of Organometallic Compounds, 20–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6848-7_4.

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Macintyre, J. E., F. M. Daniel, D. J. Cardin, S. A. Cotton, R. J. Cross, A. G. Davies, R. S. Edmundson, et al. "Au Gold." In Dictionary of Organometallic Compounds, 15–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4966-3_4.

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Nagy, Zoltán. "Au—Gold." In Electrochemical Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds, 17–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0545-1_5.

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Barker, M. G. "Of Alkali-Metal-Gold Compounds." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 310. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145289.ch101.

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Hu, Di, Chun-Nam Lok, and Chi-Ming Che. "CHAPTER 5. Anticancer Gold Compounds." In Metal-based Anticancer Agents, 120–42. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016452-00120.

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Mueting, A. M., B. D. Alexander, P. D. Boyle, A. L. Casalnuovo, L. N. Ito, B. J. Johnson, L. H. Pignolet, et al. "Mixed-Metal-Gold Phosphine Cluster Compounds." In Inorganic Syntheses, 279–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132609.ch63.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gold compounds"

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Dyussembayeva, Kulyash. "THE INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF GOLD WITH LEAD." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/ba1.v2/s04.016.

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Bisheng, Wang, Liao Jinzhi Lois, and Li Xiaomin. "Characterization of interfacial intermetallic compounds in gold wire bonding with copper pad." In 2018 IEEE 20th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2018.8654394.

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Vertyanov, Denis V., Igor A. Belyakov, Sergey P. Timoshenkov, Anna V. Borisova, and Vitaly N. Sidorenko. "Effects of Gold-aluminum Intermetallic Compounds on Chip Wire Bonding Interconnections Reliability." In 2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus49466.2020.9039518.

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Chang, C. Y., C. Y. Kuo, P. K. Huang, W. C. Tian, and C. J. Lu. "Volatile organic compounds sensor with stacked interdigitated electrodes coated with monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters." In 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2013.6626981.

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Antonijevic, Marko, Jelena Đorovic Jovanovic, Ana Kesic, Dejan Milenkovic, and Zoran Markovic. "КOMPLEKSI ZLATA KAO POTENCIJALNI SUPLEMENTI SA ANTIKANCEROGENIM I ANTIVIRUSNIM DELOVANJEM." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.429a.

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The pharmacologic properties of gold compounds have been known since the end of the 19th century. They have been used for different studies, even though they are usually used for the treatment of arthritis. In the last decade, gold complexes have received increased attention due to the variety of their applications. Primary, they have been investigated as potential anticancer and chemotherapeutic agents. It is well known that gold(III) complexes are very similar to platinum(II) compounds, so they could exhibit prospective anticancer, cytotoxic and antitumor properties. In this paper, were investigated the interactions of the gold(III) complexes, [Au(DPP)Cl2]+ and [Au(DMP)Cl3] where DPP=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and DMP=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) with SARS-CoV2 protease. The obtained results indicate that the square-planar [Au(DPP)Cl2]+ complex shows good inhibitory activity, compared to FDA approved drugs, cinanserin and chloroquine.
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Rapa, M., G. Vinci, S. Ciano, S. Cerra, and I. Fratoddi. "Gold nanoparticles-based extraction of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater: A rapid and sustainable method." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRENDS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND INVENTIVE MATERIALS: ICTMIM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0023606.

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Whetten, Robert L., M. M. Alvarez, T. Bigioni, J. T. Khoury, B. E. Salisbury, T. G. Schaaff, Marat N. Shafigullin, and I. Vezmar. "Giant gold-cluster compounds—gaps in optical and charging spectra, and an electronic origin of abundance anomalies." In The 12th international winterschool on electronic properties of novel materials: progress in molecular nanostructures. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.56482.

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Asrar, Nausha. "Lead-Free Solder/Gold Metallization Interdiffusion in Electronic Interconnects – Challenges and their Control." In ISTFA 2008. ASM International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2008p0053.

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Abstract While considerable amount of researches and investigations have been made on lead-free solder joint reliability, limited number of literatures are available on the effect of gold content on lead-free solder joint performance. The challenges of lead-free solder/gold metallization interdiffusion during high temperature application/test are: gold embrittlement, intermetallics growth, void formation, and tin-whisker formation. Tin whiskers causing system failures in earth and space-based applications have been reported. This paper illustrates a few case histories of such challenges. The results confirmed that the synergistic effects of void formation, intermetallic compounds formation due to the thick gold plating, and coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between organic and ceramic substrates resulted in brittle fracture of the solder joint. The tin whisker formation was attributed to the compressive stress in the tin solder material, which was caused by diffusion of the end-cap metallization, formation of intermetallics, and thermal cycling of the soldered components.
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Nichols, R., G. Ramos, R. Taylor, P. Schreier, and S. Heinemann. "The influence of intermetallic compounds on high speed shear testing with a specific interest in Electroless Palladium and Autocatalytic Gold." In 2017 IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (ICSJ). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsj.2017.8240056.

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Syed, Yasir I., Chris O. Phillips, Juan J. Rodriguez, Neil Mac Parthalain, Ludmila I. Kuncheva, Reyer Zwiggelaar, Tim C. Claypole, and Keir E. Lewis. "Correlation Between Breath Profiles Of Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds (eVOCs) And Global Initiative For Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) COPD Stage." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4518.

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Reports on the topic "Gold compounds"

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Nyongesa, Benjamin Simiyu. Management of a severely curved canal with Proglider and WaveOne gold compounded with a separated instrument. Science Repository OU, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ord.2018.01.003.

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Sisler, Edward C., Raphael Goren, and Akiva Apelbaum. Controlling Ethylene Responses in Horticultural Crops at the Receptor Level. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580668.bard.

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Ethylene is a plant hormone that controls many plant responses, such as growth, senescence, ripening, abscission and seed germination. Recently, 1-methy- cyclopropene (1-MCP), was shown to bind to ethylene receptor for a certain period of time and prevent ethylene action. The objectives of this research were to synthesize analogues of 1-MCP and test their potency to block the ethylene receptor and inhibit ethylene action. During the course of this project, procedures for synthesis and shipment of the cyclopropene compounds were developed as well assay procedures for each compound were worked out. Thirteen new compounds were synthesized. All of them are structural analogues of 1-MCP, with substitution in the 1-position and a side chain containing 2 to 10 carbons. After preliminary studies, nine promising compounds were selected for in-depth study. The potency of the compounds to inhibit ethylene action was tested on a wide scope of systems like: climacteric fruits (banana, avocado and tomato), the triple response (etiolated peas), and leaf abscission (citrus). As the putative inhibitors are suspected to compete for the site of binding and a competitive type of inhibition could be considered, a high concentration of ethylene (300 m1.L-1) was used to induce ripening and other physiological processes. The tests were conducted under extreme conditions which hasten ripening like treatment and storage at 22 to 25oC. There were fluctuations in the responses as related to the concentrations of the inhibitors. Some required much higher concentration to exert the same effect, while some, when applied at the same concentration, blocked the receptor for a longer period of time than the others. Some fruits and other plant organs responded differently to the same inhibitor, indicating differences in characteristics and availability of the ethylene receptors in the various tissues. The potency of the putative inhibitors was found to be greatly affected by their molecular structural and size. In addition, it was found that treatment with the inhibitor should be given before the onset of ethylene action In the case of fruit, treatment should be carried out before the pre-climacteric stage. Simultaneous treatment with ethylene and the inhibitors reduced the inhibitors' effect. The relationship between ethylene and the inhibitors is of a non-competitive nature. All the fruits treated with the putative inhibitors resumed normal ripening after recovery from the inhibition. This fact is of great importance when considering the inhibitors for practical use. The advantage of using inhibitors of ethylene action over inhibitors of ethylene production lies in the ability of the inhibitors of ethylene action to protect the tissue against both endogenous and exogenous ethylene, thus providing better overall protection. Our findings indicate that 1-MCP and its structural analogues are potent inhibitors of ethylene action capable of providing good protection against endogenous and exogenous ethylene. The fact that the compounds are in a gas phase and are non-phytotoxic, odorless and effective at minute concentrations, renders them promising candidates for commercial use. However, the development of water-soluble inhibitors will expand the potential use of the inhibitors in agriculture.
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Annunziato, Dominick. HPLC Sample Prep and Extraction SOP v1.3 for Fungi. MagicMyco, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61073/sopv1.3.08.11.2023.

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medicine, industry, and biotechnology. Fungi produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, antibiotics, antifungals, immunomodulators, anticancer agents, enzymes, and vitamins. However, these compounds are often locked inside the fungal cell wall, which is composed of chitin, a tough substance that is dif�icult to digest by humans1. Therefore, it is essential to have a good extraction technique that can break down the chitin and release the valuable compounds from the fungi, this is especially essential in the laboratory for accurate lab assays and potency determination during routine HPLC chromatography analysis. During licensure and/ or certi�ication any given lab will be required to take a pro�iciency test which gauges the lab’s pro�iciency at measuring a given matrices for accurate evaluation. They evaluate our abilities to run the gear and accurately measure the potency of what was extracted; however, at the time of this writing none existed for extraction of the fungal material itself, so this remains a variable between testing labs. It is important that we openly share our extraction techniques for evaluating fungi materials speci�ically for the clean extraction of active alkaloids for which potency can be measure via chromatography and/or spectrometry devices. In this way hopefully creating less variables between testing lab and more concise results. In this paper, we present a novel sample prep and extraction technique for fungi that uses speci�ic solvent composition in conjunction with M.A.E (microwave assisted extraction) in 75% methanol , 25% water which helps break the cell wall to release the compounds. Also used is an ultrasonication unit and vortex mixer. Our technique quickly releases all the available alkaloids for accurate chromatography measurements in just two hours, forty-�ive minutes with minimal handling. We demonstrate the effectiveness and ef�iciency of our technique by applying it to magic mushroom fruit bodies for the extraction of tryptamines namely psilocybin and its active derivative psilocin; however, this technique can be used for other species of fungi and compounds like Cordyceps/ cordycepin or Lions’ mane/ erinacines, etc.. We also compare our technique with other popular methods in terms of extraction techniques, digestion times and solvent compositions. Our results show that our technique is superior to the others in terms of time and effectiveness while pulling all the active compounds and not degrading them. Our extraction technique for fungi chromatography analysis offers a new and improved way to access the natural products of fungi and explore their potential for various biotechnological applications. We hope that our technique will inspire further research and innovation in the field of fungal extraction and natural product.
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Wilson, D., Chris Pettit, Vladimir Ostashev, and Matthew Kamrath. Signal power distributions for simulated outdoor sound propagation in varying refractive conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48774.

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Probability distributions of acoustic signals propagating through the near-ground atmosphere are simulated by the parabolic equation method. The simulations involve propagation at four angles relative to the mean wind, with frequencies of 100, 200, 400, and 800 Hz. The environmental representation includes realistic atmospheric refractive profiles, turbulence, and ground interactions; cases are considered with and without parametric uncertainties in the wind velocity and surface heat flux. The simulated signals are found to span a broad range of scintillation indices, from near zero to exceeding ten. In the absence of uncertainties, the signal power (or intensity) is fit well by a two-parameter gamma distribution, regardless of the frequency and refractive conditions. When the uncertainties are included, three-parameter distributions, namely, the compound gamma or generalized gamma, are needed for a good fit to the simulation data. The compound gamma distribution appears preferable because its parameters have a straight forward interpretation related to the saturation and modulation of the signal by uncertainties.
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Wilson, D., Matthew Kamrath, Caitlin Haedrich, Daniel Breton, and Carl Hart. Urban noise distributions and the influence of geometric spreading on skewness. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42483.

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Statistical distributions of urban noise levels are influenced by many complex phenomena, including spatial and temporal variations in the source level, multisource mixtures, propagation losses, and random fading from multipath reflections. This article provides a broad perspective on the varying impacts of these phenomena. Distributions incorporating random fading and averaging (e.g., gamma and noncentral Erlang) tend to be negatively skewed on logarithmic (decibel) axes but can be positively skewed if the fading process is strongly modulated by source power variations (e.g., compound gamma). In contrast, distributions incorporating randomly positioned sources and explicit geometric spreading [e.g., exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG)] tend to be positively skewed with exponential tails on logarithmic axes. To evaluate the suitability of the various distributions, one-third octave band sound-level data were measured at 37 locations in the North End of Boston, MA. Based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence as calculated across all of the locations and frequencies, the EMG provides the most consistently good agreement with the data, which were generally positively skewed. The compound gamma also fits the data well and even outperforms the EMG for the small minority of cases exhibiting negative skew. The lognormal provides a suitable fit in cases in which particular non-traffic noise sources dominate.
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Pichersky, Eran, Alexander Vainstein, and Natalia Dudareva. Scent biosynthesis in petunia flowers under normal and adverse environmental conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699859.bard.

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The ability of flowering plants to prosper throughout evolution, and for many crop plants to set fruit, is strongly dependent on their ability to attract pollinators. To that end many plants synthesize a spectrum of volatile compounds in their flowers. Scent is a highly dynamic trait that is strongly influenced by the environment. However, with high temperature conditions becoming more common, the molecular interplay between this type of stress and scent biosynthesis need to be investigated. Using petunia as a model system, our project had three objectives: (1) Determine the expression patterns of genes encoding biosynthetic scent genes (BSGs) and of several genes previously identified as encoding transcription factors involved in scent regulation under normal and elevated temperature conditions. (2) Examine the function of petunia transcription factors and a heterologous transcription factor, PAPl, in regulating genes of the phenylpropanoid/benzenoid scent pathway. (3) Study the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by several petunia transcription factors and PAPl of scent genes under normal and elevated temperature conditions by examining the interactions between these transcription factors and the promoters of target genes. Our work accomplished the first two goals but was unable to complete the third goal because of lack of time and resources. Our general finding was that when plants grew at higher temperatures (28C day/22C night, vs. 22C/16C), their scent emission decreased in general, with the exception of a few volatiles such as vanillin. To understand why, we looked at gene transcription levels, and saw that generally there was a good correlation between levels of transcriptions of gene specifying enzymes for specific scent compounds and levels of emission of the corresponding scent compounds. Enzyme activity levels, however, showed little difference between plants growing at different temperature regimes. Plants expressing the heterologous gene PAPl showed general increase in scent emission in control temperature conditions but emission decreased at the higher temperature conditions, as seen for control plants. Finally, expression of several transcription factor genes decreased at high temperature, but expression of new transcription factor, EOB-V, increased, implicating it in the decrease of transcription of BSGs. The major conclusion of this work is that high temperature conditions negatively affect scent emission from plants, but that some genetic engineering approaches could ameliorate this problem.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Kwesiga, Victoria, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Compliance to GMP guidelines for Herbal Manufacturers in East Africa: A Position Paper. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317428.

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With the global increase in the use of traditional and complementary remedies for the prevention and treatment of illness, the quality and safety of these medicines have become a significant concern for all regulatory authorities. Herbal medicines are the most commonly used form of traditional and complementary medicines in the world and the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines, like conventional medicines, largely depends on their quality from planting to harvesting, preprocessing and final processing. Due to the inherent complexity of herbal medicines, often containing an array of active compounds, the primary processing of herbal medicines has a direct influence on their quality. Quality concerns are the reason why the medicines regulatory agencies insist that manufacturers of medicines strictly follow Good Manufacturing Practices since it is an essential tool to prevent instances of contamination, mix-ups, deviations, failures and errors. However, a strict application of GMP requirements is expensive and would drive the prices of the manufactured products up. As a result, a maturity level grading of facilities is proposed as a way of justifying the costs incurred for manufacturers desiring to reach a broader market and investing in continuous improvement. 36 Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports of local herbal manufacturers conducted by National Drug Authority were analyzed to establish the type and extent of deficiencies to GMP requirements for local herbal manufacturers in Uganda. The different GMP chapters and related sub-parameters constituted the variables used for the analysis of conformity to requirements. The primary outcome variable was the conclusion regarding compliance or noncompliance of the inspected local herbal manufacturing facility. GMP parameters that were frequently defaulted by local herbal manufacturers and the corresponding frequencies were identified. The Pearson Chi-square test was applied independently on each category to find the association that existed between conformity and the questions in each category. Only 22% (8) of the 30 inspected facilities were found to comply with GMP requirements, as per National Drug Authority (NDA) guidelines; while the majority of the facilities, 28 (78%), were found not to comply. Of the facilities inspected, 25 were undergoing GMP inspection for the first time. A total of 1,236 deficiency observations were made in the 36 inspection reports reviewed for the study. The mean for all deficiencies was 34.3, and the standard deviation was 15.829. 91.5% of the facilities did not have mechanisms for a record of market complaints; 80.9% did not meet documentation requirements; 78.9% did not have quality control measures in place, and 65.7% did not meet stores requirements. By encouraging a culture of self/voluntary improvement through the introduction of listing of manufacturers based on a maturity level grading, the National Drug Authority will improve the Herbal Medicines sector as per the mandate of improving the herbal medicine industry. Also, increased sensitization of all relevant stakeholders regarding the requirements for GMP should be intensified.
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Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari, and Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.

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The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types and viscosities. Laboratory simulations of leakage were carried out for the most viscous product (i.e. dilbit) in order to capture plume dispersion in semi-real time, and to allow numerical predictions to be assessed against experimental data. Direct comparisons between observed plume dimensions over time and numerically predicted behavior suggested a good match under low moisture conditions, providing confidence that the numerical simulation was sufficiently reliable to model field-scale applications. Following a simulated two year initialization period, the leakage of products, their associated gas phase migration, thermal and geomechanical effects were simulated for a period of 365 days. Comparisons between product leakage rate, product type and soil moisture content were made and the spatial impacts of leakage were summarized. Variably compacted backfill within the trench, surrounded by undisturbed and more compacted natural soils, results porosity and permeability differences which control the migration of liquids, gases, thermal effects and surface heave. Dilbit migration is influenced heavily by the trench, and also its increasing viscosity as it cools and degases after leakage. Diesel and gasoline liquid plumes are also affected by the trench structure, but to a lesser extent, resulting in wider and longer plumes in the subsurface. In all cases, the migration of liquids and gases is facilitated by higher permeability zones at the base of the pipe. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) migrate along the trench and break through at the surface within days of the leak. Temperature changes within the trench may increase due liquid migration, however the change in predicted temperature at the surface above the leak is less than 0.5�C above background. For gasoline, the large amount of degassing and diffusion through the soil results in cooling of the soil by up to 1�C. Induced surface displacement was predicted for dilbit and for one case of diesel, but only in the order of 0.2cm above baseline. Based upon the information gathered, recommendations are provided for the use and placement of generic leak detection sensor types (e.g liquid, gas, thermal, displacement) within the trench and / or above the ground surface. The monitoring locations suggested take into account requirements to detect pipeline leakage as early as possible in order to facilitate notification of the operator and to predict the potential extent of site characterization required during spill response and longer term remediation activities.
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