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1
Mugodzwa, Davidson Mabweazara. "Black Economic Empowerment, Employment Creation and Resilience: The Economic and Social Contribution of Lennox Mine to the Development of Zimbabwe, 1970-2016." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p6.
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<div><p><em>This research sets out to unravel the history of Lennox Mine from its inception in 1970 tracing the contribution of the mine to the economic development of Zimbabwe from its colonial beginnings up to the current period when the new visionary owner, Honourable Gandiwa Moyo, Deputy Minister of Mines who inherited a dysfunctional mining enterprise set it on course again as a pillar for economic production, under the erstwhile management of the Lennox General Mine Manager, Edgar Mashindi. The research seeks to explore how the mine management, operating under harsh economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe has empowered African entrepreneurs and employees and resuscitated life to the dying town of Mashava. Mashava is back on its former footing as a lively booming bedroom town of Masvingo City, forty kilometres away: supermarkets, bars, salons, housing projects, new shops are sprouting up once again as Mashava claims its proud place as a gold producing enclave of the Zimbabwean economy. Hundreds of unemployed youths from all over Zimbabwe have descended on Mashava, seeking employment and investment opportunities resulting in an unprecedented economic boom which is being felt country wide. Only recently hordes of flea female market traders opened shop at Mashava to sell clothes, shoes, household furniture and related paraphernalia to local residents and they reported that business was excellent and confirmed business plans to return every month end to sell their wares. A few years back Mashava was an abandoned mining town with all services shut down after the Capitalist oligarchic organization which owned Mashava ceased all operations and expropriated capital to Australia and Europe and started out new commercial ventures in those respective European countries. The Zimbabwean Electricity Supply Association [ZESA] shut down electricity supplies to Lennox Mine after the mine incurred a debt of close to a quarter of a million. Today, Lennox has agreed on a payment plan and electricity has been reopened triggering high gold productivity as the mine returns to its normal production levels.</em></p></div>
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Dzvimbo, Munyaradzi A., Colleen Ncube, and Monica Monga. "Scratching the Surface: Exploring Women's Roles in Artisanal and Small Scale Mining in Zimbabwe." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.398.
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Artisanal mining communities around the world are diverse, dynamic and distinct in nature they vary from culture-to-culture, region-to-region and mine-to-mine, and change over the course of time.Women within these communities are also heterogeneous and unique; however, they tend to be engaged in specific roles throughout the world.A qualitative approach in form of a descriptive survey research design was adopted, in which purposive systematic sampling was used and qualitative data was generated. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from predominantly mining towns Kadoma, Kwekwe and Shurugwi as well surrounding areas.The sample size was compelled by the different mining areas which are a considerable distance from each other with sparsely distributed population. The focus of data collection was on women’s responsibilities in mineral processing activities range from crushing, grinding, sieving, washing and panning, to amalgamation and amalgam decomposition in the case of gold mining.Typically, women are labourers (e.g. panners, ore carriers and processors), providers of goods and services (for instance cooks, shopkeepers) and are often solely responsible for domestic chores. The total number of artisanal miners for the three mining towns was 1500 and a sample of 10% (150 miners) of the three towns, with each town having 50 was sampled. The artisanal miners taken to be part of the population sample were systematic selected till the last person. The composition of the miners was made up 41% of the females while the remaining 59% were male respondents.
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Marther, Sibanda Sindiso, Mapuva Jephias, and Tambura Prudence. "Assessing the Role of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Poverty Alleviation: A Case of Barn Mining Area, Ward 25 Matopo: Matabeleland South Province." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v9i2.16990.
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This paper sought to assess the role of artisanal and small-scale mining in poverty alleviation, focusing on Barn mining area ward 25 Matopo (Matabeleland South Province). The study adopted a mixed method approach in data collection, comprising the use of questionnaires, interview guides, observation tools and focus group discussions. The study found that ASM contributes to income generation and employment creation and has become a major source of livelihood in many mineral resource endowed areas of Zimbabwe. It was concluded that ASM as an economic activity has improved livelihoods as the income affords the miners an improved standard of life in addition to the ability to buy agricultural inputs and sending their children to school. However, several challenges associated with ASM were identified. These include lack of financial and institutional assistance, gold wars and other unfound agreements made between miners and claim owners. Loss of life in mine accidents, spread of sexually transmitted diseases are some of the negative impacts identified. The study recommended that for the benefits of ASM to be realised in terms of poverty alleviation, ASM activities should be decriminalized and financial support availed to miners.
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Makwerere, David, Gillian Tafadzwa Chinzete, and Charles Massimo. "Accessing good quality water in hazardous mining environments: coping mechanisms for young women in selected districts of Mashonaland central, Zimbabwe." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 24, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v24i2.8.
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The study focused on how environmental degradation due to unregulated illegal mining activities is affecting the welfare of communities in general and women in particular with regards to access good quality water. The methodological design was a qualitative approach and focused on the two districts of Shamva and Bindura in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe. The study noted that the area of environmental policing has remained weak and compromised owing to a combination of factors, key among them being the difficult socio-economic environment which has often seen a lot of communities destroying the environment around them, political populism leading to the destruction of local ecologies and general disregard of responsibilities by companies operating mining, construction, and other enterprises.This has seen the gradual destruction and pollution of fresh water bodies across the communities.The study revealed that there is a considerable level of pollution on some water bodies in the two districts. The pollution is largely caused by the use of mercury and cyanide by the illegal gold panners and artisanal miners in the area. This has restricted opportunities for women’s access to safe domestic water. Women are using strategies such as outsourcing from neighboring communities with relatively safe water for domestic use, differentiating water for cooking and drinking and for other activities like bathing and laundry, water harvesting during rain seasons and buying from shops in extreme circumstances. In conclusion, the coping mechanisms only offer temporary relief and are not be sustainable in the long run.Keywords: Hazards, Coping Mechanisms, Mining, Environment, Legislation, Kyoto Protocol, Human Right
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Spiegel, Samuel J. "Legacies of a nationwide crackdown in Zimbabwe:Operation Chikorokoza Chaperain gold mining communities." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 4 (November 10, 2014): 541–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000469.
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ABSTRACTAlthough conflict in Zimbabwe's diamond mining sector has recently received much international scrutiny, very little research has examined conflict in Zimbabwe's gold mining sector. This article analyses how a nationwide crackdown calledOperation Chikorokoza Chapera(‘No More Illegal Mining’) affected – and ‘disciplined’ – livelihoods in profound ways in both licensed and unlicensed gold mining regions. Drawing on interviews conducted between 2006 and 2013 with artisanal miners in the Insiza, Umzingwani and Kadoma areas as well as miners who crossed the border to Mozambique, the study reveals how a highly politicised crackdown led to uneven consequences. The analysis highlights both structural and physical violence, with more than 25,000 miners and traders arrested between 2006 and 2009 and more than 9,000 still imprisoned in 2013. Situating the crackdown within evolving political and economic interests, the study contributes to an understanding of how simplified discourses on ‘eradicating illegal mining’ mislead and mask power dynamics, while policing activities transform patterns of resource control. The study also emphasises that conceptualisations of the crackdown's legacy should carefully consider the agency of artisanal miners' associations, which, in some cases, have been actively seeking to resist coercive policies and rebuild livelihoods in the aftermath ofOperation Chikorokoza Chapera.
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Wang, Wei Zhi, and Chun Guang Yang. "Comprehensive Utilization and Resources of Gold Mining Tailings." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1438.
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The gold mine discharges tailings massively every day,which results in gold and useful metal draining,simultaneously brings the enormous harm to the environment The approach to comprehensive utilization of tailings of gold mines, including recycle of usable mineral and direct use of ore tailings,is analyzed in the paper, laying a foundation for continuous development of gold mines，comprehensive utilization of resource，and protection of environment.
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Краденых, Ирина, Irina Kradenykh, Алексей Барчуков, and Alyeksyey Barchukov. "Organization and management of gold mines activity under exploration of placer mines." Russian Journal of Management 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19751.
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For the purpose to achieve the growth of efficiency of gold mines it is necessary to wipe out the lag in technological expansion and development, provide high quality of mining and recycling of gold-blearily rock as well as realize organization adjustment, suggest reconstruction of business activity and change of existing system of management.
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Spiegel, Samuel J. "Resource policies and small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe." Resources Policy 34, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.05.004.
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Redwood, Stewart D. "The history of mining and mineral exploration in Panama: From Pre-Columbian gold mining to modern copper mining." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): A180720. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3a180720.
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The history of mining and exploration in Panama is a case study of the evolution of mining in a tropical, island arc environment in the New World from prehistoric to modern times over a period of ~1900 years. Panama has a strong mineral endowment of gold (~984 t), and copper (~32 Mt) resulting in a rich mining heritage. The mining history can be divided into five periods. The first was the pre-Columbian period of gold mining from near the start of the Current Era at ~100 CE to 1501, following the introduced of gold metalwork fully fledged from Colombia. Mining of gold took place from placer and vein deposits in the Veraguas, Coclé, Northern Darien and Darien goldfields, together with copper for alloying. Panama was the first country on the mainland of the Americas to be mined by Europeans during the Spanish colonial period from 1501-1821. The pattern of gold rushes, conquest and settlement can be mapped from Spanish records, starting in Northern Darien then moving west to Panama in 1519 and Nata in 1522. From here, expeditions set out throughout Veraguas over the next century to the Veraguas (Concepción), Southern Veraguas, Coclé and Central Veraguas goldfields. Attention returned to Darien in ~1665 and led to the discovery of the Espíritu Santo de Cana gold mine, the most important gold mine to that date in the Americas. The third period was the Republican period following independence from Spain in 1821 to become part of the Gran Colombia alliance, and the formation of the Republic of Panama in 1903. This period up to ~1942 was characterized by mining of gold veins and placers, and manganese mining from 1871. Gold mining ceased during World War Two. The fourth period was the era of porphyry copper discoveries and systematic, regional geochemical exploration programs from 1956 to 1982, carried out mainly by the United Nations and the Panamanian government, as well as private enterprise. This resulted in the discovery of the giant porphyry copper deposits at Cerro Colorado (1957) and Petaquilla (Cobre Panama, 1968), as well as several other porphyry deposits, epithermal gold deposits and bauxite deposits. The exploration techniques for the discovery of copper were stream sediment and soil sampling, followed rapidly by drilling. The only mine developed in this period was marine black sands for iron ore (1971-1972). The fifth and current period is the exploration and development of modern gold and copper mines since 1985 by national and foreign companies, which started in response to the gold price rise. The main discovery methods for gold, which was not analyzed in the stream sediment surveys, were lithogeochemistry of alteration zones and reexamination of old mines. Gold mines were developed at Remance (1990-1998), Santa Rosa (1995-1999 with restart planned in 2020) and Molejon (2009-2014), and the Cobre Panama copper deposit started production in 2019. The level of exploration in the country is still immature and there is high potential for the discovery of new deposits.
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Morony, Michael. "The Early Islamic Mining Boom." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 1 (December 6, 2019): 166–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341477.
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AbstractThe present article shows that, according to archaeological and literary evidence, an expansion in mining occurred in the early Islamic world as a result of changes in mining technology at the end of Late Antiquity. The production of gold, silver, copper, iron, and other minerals is shown to have peaked in the eighth and ninth centuries and then to have declined during the tenth and eleventh centuries due to insecurity and/or exhaustion of the mines. Mining development was financed privately, and mines were usually private property.
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Neil Phillips, G. "Metamorphic fluids and gold." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 388 (September 1993): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.02.
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AbstractLow-salinity fluids (T > 200°C reduced S, modest CO2) and high geothermal gradients are common to many gold deposits and provinces. In contrast, host rocks, hosting structures, depth of formation (in the crust during deposition), subsequent metamorphic overprint, alteration mineralogy and isotopic signatures can vary dramatically within single deposits or provinces. Gold deposits with co-product base metals are an exception to the above comments, and probably relate to saline fluids.The low salinity fluids inferred for major gold-only deposits are not easily explained by seawater, basinal brines, meteoric fluid or common magmatic processes. In contrast, metamorphic devolatilisation of mafic/greywacke rocks is one effective way to produce low-salinity metamorphic fluids with characteristics matching the gold fluids. Such an origin also explains the link to geothermal gradients.The transition from chlorite—albite—carbonate assemblages to amphibole-plagioclase assemblages (commonly greenschist—amphibolite facies boundary) involves considerable loss of metamorphic fluid whose composition is buffered by the mineral assemblage, and is a function of P and T. This low salinity, H2O-CO2 fluid is evolved at T > 400°C commonly carries reduced sulphur, and may contain Au complexed with this sulphur. This auriferous fluid is likely to mix with other fluid types during times of elevated temperature, especially magmatic fluids at depth, and upper crustal fluids at higher levels.Gold deposits in Archaean greenstone belts exhibit good evidence of low salinity, H2O-CO2 fluids of T > 300°C these include examples from Canada, Australia, Brazil, Zimbabwe, India, and South Africa. Turbidite-hosted (slate-belt) deposits exhibit similar evidence for such fluids but commonly with appreciable CH4; the Victoria and Juneau (Alaska) goldfields are examples. The Witwatersrand goldfields also show evidence of low salinity, H2O-CO2 fluids carrying reduced sulphur and gold, but their distribution and timing are not well established. Epithermal (sensu lato) gold deposits have evidence for low salinity fluids carrying Au and S, but are much more diverse in character than those from the previously mentioned gold provinces: this probably arises from mixing of several fluid types at high crustal levels. Together these four types of gold provinces account for over 80% of the primary gold mined to date.
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Colwell, David, Thomas Henker, John Ho, and Kingsley Fong. "Real Options Valuation of Australian Gold Mines and Mining Companies." Journal of Alternative Investments 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2003): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jai.2003.319080.
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Chipangura, Njabulo. "Towards the decriminalisation of artisanal gold mining in Eastern Zimbabwe." Extractive Industries and Society 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.09.003.
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Blenkinsop, Tom G., and David J. Sanderson. "Are gold deposits in the crust fractals? A study of gold mines in the Zimbabwe craton." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 155, no. 1 (1999): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.155.01.11.
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Szychowska-Krąpiec, Elżbieta. "Dendrochronological Studies of Wood from Mediaeval Mines of Polymetallic Ores in Lower Silesia (Sw Poland)." Geochronometria 26, no. -1 (January 1, 2007): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-007-0004-3.
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Dendrochronological Studies of Wood from Mediaeval Mines of Polymetallic Ores in Lower Silesia (Sw Poland)The paper presents results of dendrochronological dating of wood encountered in abandoned mines in the eastern part of Lower Silesia. The research was carried out in gold mines in Złoty Stok, Głuchołazy, and Zlate Hory, a polymetallic-ore mine in Marcinków as well as old mines in the Sowie Mts: the Silberloch adit, an adit on the hillside of Mała Sowa, a graphite mine, and the silver and lead mine Augusta. Altogether 69 samples were taken from timbers of coniferous tree species:Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abiesandLarix decidua.The oldest wood, from the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was encountered in the gold mines in Zlate Hory and Głuchołazy. In the gold mine in Złoty Stok, graphite mine in Sowie Mts and in Marcinków there was identified wood from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Generally, timbers from the nineteenth century were prevailing, and in three cases there was even encountered relatively young twentieth-century wood in the gold mine in Złoty Stok and in the Silberloch adit. The analyses carried out were only preliminary. Broader, interdisciplinary investigations, including dendrochronology, archaeology, geology, mining, and palaeobotany, would substantially contribute for learning the history of the mining in the whole region.
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Das Jennifer, Praveena, and P. Porchelvan. "An approach to assessment of post mining-induced seismic hazard in Kolar Gold Fields mines – a review." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 3 (May 12, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/27784.
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A common challenge faced in underground hardrock mines worldwide is post mining-induced seismicity, as the events have been quite disastrous, causing risk to the structures and lives. In the recent years, many of the worked out mining areas are slowly getting populated and in due course of time shall be posing environmental threat to the people residing above and to the surface structures like sudden void formations or sudden ground collapse becoming visible on the surface. Worked out or closed mines have most of the time shown existence of post mining-induced seismicity signatures. Some of the closed mines showing post mining induced seismicity in Korea, South Africa, Sweden and India are being discussed. Post mining induced seismicity observed in Kolar Gold Fields worked out mine still being felt since closure of deeper levels is discussed. As mining depth increases especially in hard rock mines, magnitude of stress increases, hence, the occurrence and severity of postmining induced seismicity also increases. The problem becomes more serious if proper fund allocation is not done to investigate these areas, may be due to the absence of economic interest once the mine site has been abandoned and in many cases, direct investigations inside the mines may not be possible due to stability problems or due to the ingress of water into the void spaces of the mining area. Several approaches and techniques adopted by researcher’s world over are being discussed in this paper, with a view to gaining insight into the techniques of evaluation of seismic hazard. Seismic vulnerability assessment should integrate the effects of all the seismic events occurring at different locations of mining area during mining and post mining, along with their uncertainties also being considered. Based on the recorded data and some of the derived parameters from previous years, an attempt should be made to evaluate the existing risk prone areas. The past records of induced seismicity due to mining should be used as a precursor for identification of impending future events and their expected probable locations of occurrence. The methods discussed here for assessment of seismic hazard are based on direct waveform and seismic source parameters, parameters from indirect waveform methods, frequency-magnitude relationship based, and frequency content analysis based. From the assessment it is found that the choice of method that can be used depends on the period of monitoring (short-term monitoring, intermediate-term or long-term monitoring) and the objective of the study required to be achieved, this varies on site-to-site basis. The main focus is to show the importance and need to install a micro seismic monitoring system for long term assessment of seismic risk especially in abandoned/worked out mines showing post mining-induced seismicity.
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Ermolaev, A. N. "GOLD MINING IN SALAIR IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-4-32-38.
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The research determines the dynamics of gold mining and identifies the specifics of the development of the gold industry in Salair in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The Salair ridge was then under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty. At the end of the XIX century, the Cabinet spent a lot of money on geological survey of the ridge and invested in the development of the local gold mines. The extraction of gold during this period fluctuated within 6–8 poods (1 pood = 16 kg). At the beginning of the XX century, the Cabinet leased the Salair mines to private entrepreneurs and joint-stock companies. Such agreements were signed by Prince A. von Thurn und Taxis and Dr. Josef Jeanne (Austria), Arthur Stanley and mining engineer Farrukh Bek-Vezirov (Great Britain), State Councilor Berezin (Russia), and The Russian Gold Mining Company. Private companies operated more successfully than the Cabinet. In the XX century the extraction of gold in Salair increased. However, after the companies had developed the ready retrievable gold deposits, they ceased operating. As the calculations have shown, more than 3.6 tons of gold were mined on the Salair Ridge in 1892 – 1915. The main feature of the Salair gold mining was that gold was extracted both by the Cabinet and private companies, which means that state and private capital acted in parallel.
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Winardi, Winardi, Eko Haryono, Sudrajat Sudrajat, and Endang Sutariningsih Soetarto. "Potential of Soil Bacteria as Mercury Bioremediation Agent in Traditional Gold Mining." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v11i1.16688.
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Mandor Village has developed as a tradisional gold mining area since years ago. It involved activities that have led to extreme land condition and the release of mining residues, i.e., mercury, to the soils. The study examined the potential of soil bacteria as mercury bioremediation agent based on their population and activity in former mines with different ages. The bacterial population was measured by isolating soil bacteria on solid media using the pour plate method, and the colonies were enumerated during the incubation. The Nutrient Agar (NA) medium was used to obtain the total population, whereas the Salt Base Solution (SBS) was to determine the presence of mercury-tolerant bacteria. The addition of HgCl2 affected the number of the colonies. The colony only grew until the concentration of HgCl2 reached 5 mg/l, and the total colony was larger in older mines. The observation of bacterial activity showed that biotransformation performance was lower when the concentration of mercury was the same as its natural presence in soils (0.1-0.5 mg/l) compared with higher mercury level (1 mg/l). The research showed that lower mercury concentrations in nature reduced the natural ability of bacteria to transform pollutants. This study provides information that can assist the development of a technological approach to control mercury pollution in former traditional gold mines in an environmentally friendly manner using indigenous soil bacteria.
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Kim, Yangkyun, and Sean S. Lee. "Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Assessing Mining Subsidence Risk." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041302.
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Subsidence at abandoned mines sometimes causes destruction of local areas and casualties. This paper proposes a mine subsidence risk index and establishes a subsidence risk grade based on two separate analyses of A and B to predict the occurrence of subsidence at an abandoned mine. For the analyses, 227 locations were ultimately selected at 15 abandoned coal mines and 22 abandoned mines of other types (i.e., gold, silver, and metal mines). Analysis A predicts whether subsidence is likely using an artificial neural network. Analysis B assesses a mine subsidence risk index that indicates the extent of risk of subsidence. Results of both analyses are utilized to assign a subsidence risk grade to each ground location investigated. To check the model’s reliability, a new dataset of 22 locations was selected from five other abandoned mines; the subsidence risk grade results were compared with those of the actual ground conditions. The resulting correct prediction percentage for 13 subsidence locations of the abandoned mines was 83–86%. To improve reliability of the subsidence risk, much more subsidence data with greater variations in ground conditions is required, and various types of analyses by numerical and empirical approaches, etc. need to be combined.
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Tran, Hieu Quang, Nam Xuan Bui, Hoang Nguyen, Tuan Anh Nguyen, and Long Quoc Nguyen. "Applicable posssibility of advanced technologies and equipment in surface mines of Vietnam." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktlt2020.02.
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Vietnam has abundant and diversified mineral resources with more than 5, 000 mines of 60 discovered and exploited minerals. Besides of surface coal mines mainly located in Quang Ninh, the types of minerals being exploited by surface mining method consist of metal ores (iron, titanium, manganese, gold, zinc, copper, antimony) and non - metallic ores, and construction materials (stone, sand, gravel, etc.). In the paper, authors researched and proposed the advanced technologies and equipment based on Industry 4.0, that can apply effectively for surface mines in Vietnam in order to ensure safety and enhance surface mining effect.
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Mainardi, Stefano. "Geological occurrence and economic feasibility in closing decisions by gold mines." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 2, no. 2 (June 30, 1999): 240–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i2.2576.
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With successful exploration of deposits often lagging behind mineral extraction, and the international price of gold showing no signs of recovery, mining companies are under pressure to reassess their strategies. The decision whether or not to close a mining activity is the outcome of a process of adapting expectations to a changing economic and geological environment. Part of the literature emphasizes the role of the mineral price and operating costs. However, the extent, pace and intertemporal allocation of metal recovery is in practice determined by a complex interaction of both these with other factors. Following a review of theoretical interpretations, and a reformulation of associated hypotheses, binary-response models are applied to a sample of gold mines in mainly three major southern hemisphere producers (Australia, South Africa and Chile).
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LIANG, Wei-zhang, Guo-yan ZHAO, Hao WU, and Ying CHEN. "Optimization of mining method in subsea deep gold mines: A case study." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 29, no. 10 (October 2019): 2160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(19)65122-8.
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Hewlett, L., D. Craw, and A. Black. "Comparison of arsenic and trace metal contents of discharges from adjacent coal and gold mines, Reefton, New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 7 (2005): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05018.
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Historic gold and coal mines in the same catchment near Reefton, New Zealand allow comparison of environmental effects of the different mines in the same climate and topography. Gold mine discharge waters (neutral pH) deposit hydrated iron oxide (HFO) abundantly at mine entrances, whereas coal mine discharge waters (low pH) precipitate HFO tens to hundreds of metres downstream as pH rises. Waters leaving historic mines have up to 59 mg L−1 dissolved arsenic, and HFO at gold mines has up to 20 wt% arsenic. Coal mine discharge waters have low dissolved arsenic (typically near 0.01 mg L−1) and HFO has <0.2 wt% arsenic. Minor dissolved Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn are being leached from background host rocks by acid solutions during sulfide oxidation, and attenuated by HFO downstream of both gold and coal mines. A net flux of 30 mg s−1 arsenic is leaving the catchment, and nearly all of this arsenic flux is from the gold mining area, but >90% of that flux is from background sources. The present study demonstrates that elevated trace metal concentrations around mines in a wet climate are principally from non-anthropogenic sources and are readily attenuated by natural processes.
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WERTHMANN, KATJA. "GOLD MINING AND JULA INFLUENCE IN PRECOLONIAL SOUTHERN BURKINA FASO." Journal of African History 48, no. 3 (November 2007): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370700326x.
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ABSTRACTThe ‘Lobi’ region in what is today southern Burkina Faso is frequently mentioned in historical accounts of gold mining in West Africa. However, little is known about the actual location of the gold mines or about the way gold mining and trade were organized in precolonial times. This article points out that some previous hypotheses about precolonial gold mining, trade and the sociopolitical organization of this region are flawed, partly because ‘Lobi’, as the name for both the region and its inhabitants, is misleading. In fact, the references to ‘Lobi’ merge two distinct gold-producing zones along the Mouhoun river, about 200 km from each other. The present-day populations of southern Burkina who have settled there since the eighteenth century do not know who was mining gold prior to their arrival, and many of them have not been involved in gold mining at all due to conceptions of gold as a dangerous substance.
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Kandasamyhariramguptha, Karthikeyan. "Socio-economic Impact of Unsystematic Mine Closure: A case of Kolar Gold Fields." Academic Research Community publication 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i2.499.
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This paper aims to study the Socio-Economic impact of un-systematic mine closure on the community and the neighborhood which is completely dependent on the mining. The sudden closure of the mines will affect the community’s entire livelihood and has counter effect on health, employment, environment, population and economy. India as a developing nation with its rich minerals content contributes sufficient towards the economic growth of the mining industry but the livelihood of the mining workers and their family are always kept in high level of risk. The policies and acts to control un-planned mine closure and counter its effects on the community should be made strong by the government. Kolar Gold fields, Karnataka (KGF) which holds an history of 120 years of mining and second deepest mine in the world has been chosen for the study. It is one among of the mines in the country which experienced the un-systematic closure in 2001 and facing its effects due to mill tailings, land contamination and loss of employment till date. These issues and challenges faced by the people of KGF will be addressed and can be improved if the government, mining company and people shows their support and interest for reviving the town.
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Shakherov, Vadim. "Investment Policy of the State Bank of Russia as a Factor of Monopolization of the Siberian Gold Industry." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 19, no. 3 (October 15, 2018): 406–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2018.19(3).406-432.
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The article studies the issues of development of gold mining in the Leno-Vitimsky district in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Monopolization of the fisheries has led to the emergence of large joint stock companies. Bank investments played a crucial role in expanding gold production and developing mining infrastructure. Lending to large gold industry contributed to the growth of the influence of the Irkutsk branch of the state Bank of Russia, increased its role in the economic life of the region. Large Bank investments led to the expansion of gold-bearing areas and contributed to the introduction of new technologies and technical devices in the mines. The article traces specific examples of the investment policy of the state Bank of Russia and the role of its regional branches in Irkutsk and Bodaybo. The constant increase in the cost of developing new mines, supply, hiring workers and purchasing equipment increased competition and helped monopolize the industry. As a result, large Bank loans played a more significant role. The state Bank of Russia not only saved «Lensky Gold Industrial Partnership» from financial collapse, but also contributed to its transformation into the largest gold mining enterprise in Russia with its favorable investment policy. By controlling the activities of «Lenzoto», the state, through Bank investments, not only received significant profits, but also strengthened its influence in the gold mining industry as an important area of the Russian financial system.
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Ravengai, Seedwel, David Love, Maideyi Mabvira-Meck, Kudzai Musiwa, and William Moyce. "Water quality in an abandoned gold mining belt, Beatrice, Sanyati Valley, Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 30, no. 11-16 (January 2005): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2005.08.026.
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van Straaten, Peter. "Mercury contamination associated with small-scale gold mining in Tanzania and Zimbabwe." Science of The Total Environment 259, no. 1-3 (October 2000): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00553-2.
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Chipangura, Njabulo. "The archaeology of contemporary artisanal gold mining at Mutanda Site, Eastern Zimbabwe." Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2019.1611184.
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Tangri, Daniel. "Popular Fiction and the Zimbabwe Controversy." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171818.
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The “Zimbabwe controversy” is a name by which disputes over the origins of the people who produced stone ruins and mines in southern Africa are known. Those disputes occurred between informed and lay opinion; informed opinion being represented by archeologists, and lay opinion by local cult archeologists and, at the turn of the century, explorers and excavators. One aspect of lay opinion that has seldom been discussed is the role of popular fiction. Popular novels are often mentioned in works on the Zimbabwe controversy as representing particular viewpoints, but there have been no detailed analyses of their role in that controversy. This paper will set popular novels into the context of the ideologies that influenced them, and gauge their influence on lay opinion and the degree to which they reflected viewpoints that were expressed in political disagreements over the site of Great Zimbabwe.There are four major nineteenth-century novels that are pertinent to the Zimbabwe controversy: H. M. Walmsley's The Ruined Cities of Zululand, and three works by H. Rider Haggard—King Solomon's Mines, She, and Elissa? The first novel was published in time to incorporate knowledge of recently-reported stone ruins and gold mines. In the 1820s and 1830s stone kraals were known to have been built by black people. By the 1860s, however, when other explorers “discovered” stone ruins, they argued that black people could not have built them. Their arguments were based on prevalent systems of classifying humanity. It was generally believed that races were tied to discrete levels of culture by their average intelligence and their blood. Consequently, races could be characterised in terms of a set number of items of culture. It was also generally accepted that the overall record of humanity was one of cultural progress, or step-by-step advancement toward ever better and more complex cultures. Racial characters were thought to set a limit on the level that each race could reach. It was argued, for instance, that black Africans had reached the limit of their potential progress, whereas Europeans were still undergoing advancement. Consequently, Europeans were seen to belong to the most advanced races in the world; other races were ranked below them, and were thought to represent primitive stages through which Europeans had already passed.
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D Franzmann, Peter, Rebecca B Hawkes, Christina M Haddad, and Jason J Plumb. "Mining with microbes." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 3 (2007): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07124.
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As early as 166 AD, biotechnology was applied to the extraction of metals from ores in the copper mines of Cyprus, and in 1928 in Kennecott, USA, ?dump leaching? ? the use of microorganisms to extract copper from low grade mine waste material ? was conducted on commercial scale. It was not until 1947 that Colmer and Hinkle 1 demonstrated the role that microorganisms play in the oxidation of mineral sulfides for the release of metals in solution. Currently, 20% of annual global copper production results largely through the bioleaching of chalcocite (Cu2S). Many other metals, such as gold, cobalt, nickel, uranium and zinc are also being produced through bioleaching technology. Today, biotechnology is used to improve the environmental outcomes in a range of mining operations such as the use of sulfate-reducing bioreactors for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), and heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic biofilm reactors for the degradation of cyanide products from gold processing and for the destruction of organic wastes such as oxalate from Bayer liquors during alumina production.
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Wittwer, Paul D. "Epithermal Precious Metal Deposits in South Korea—History and Pursuit." SEG Discovery, no. 125 (April 1, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.2021-125.fea-01.
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Abstract The gold and silver endowment of Korea has historically been well known, with records alluding to production as far back as 1122 BC. The main gold production period was from 1925 to 1943 during the Japanese occupation of Korea, with more than 1 Moz recorded in 1939. Muguk was the most productive gold mining operation, located within the central region of South Korea, with a recorded 590 koz of gold produced from 1934 to 1998 (first mined in AD 912). The majority of the historical mining operations were closed by government order in 1943 during the Second World War and never reopened. A number of small mines operated between 1971 and 1998, with limited production during a period of gold prices generally lower than at present (~25–50% of current inflation adjusted prices, apart from a four-year period 1979–83). It is likely that significant resources remain within these historical mining areas. Gold-silver deposit types historically recognized and exploited in Korea include placers and orogenic and intrusion-related vein systems. Only more recently have epithermal vein and breccia systems been recognized. This is not surprising, given that the geologic and tectonic setting of the Southern Korean peninsula is prospective for epithermal precious metal deposits, spatially associated with basin-scale brittle fault systems in Cretaceous volcanic terranes. South Korea is an underexplored jurisdiction, with limited modern exploration and drilling until the mid-1990s, when Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. discovered the Gasado, Eunsan, and Moisan epithermal gold-silver deposits, all of which became mines. Exploration was limited for another 20 years until Southern Gold Ltd., an Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed company, commenced regional-scale exploration for epithermal deposits, using a strategy similar to that successfully employed by Ivanhoe.
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Morrell, Robert. "Farmers, Randlords and the South African state: Confrontation in the Witwatersrand Beef Markets, c. 1920–1923." Journal of African History 27, no. 3 (November 1986): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023306.
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The pervasive importance of gold mining in modern South Africa has become embedded in South African historiography. Despite this, little research has been done to ascertain its impact on the other major sector of the economy, agriculture.The gold mines had a profound effect upon one particular branch of agriculture – beef farming. The mines purchased large amounts of beef and were able to use their buying power to confront beef farmers in the marketplace. In the recession following the First World War, the mines were caught in a profitability crisis that was to lead to the Rand Revolt in 1922. One of the ways in which mining attempted to ease its position was by cutting back on the cost of the meat it supplied to its African labour force. This initially involved co-operation with a powerful cold-storage company, big ranchers and a number of smaller farmers to form a Meat Producers Exchange. This fragile alliance fell apart when farmers, themselves on the verge of bankruptcy, attempted to take control of the Exchange and raise beef prices. The farmers failed and in 1923 the exchange collapsed.The victory of the mining and cold-storage companies rested on a number of factors. Farmers were unable to organize effectively because of the defection of ranchers to the mines. Changing economic conditions in 1922 and 1923 permitted the mines to terminate their co-operation with beef farmers. Finally the mines were able to call upon the state for support. The state ensured the demise of the Exchange and the defeat of the beef farmers. In the process it showed itself capable of intervening decisively to protect the interests of certain sections of capital.
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Siahaan, Antonius. "ANALYSING THE RELATION OF OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PARAMETERS TO TOTAL SHAREHOLDER VALUE OF LISTED GOLD MINING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA AND FIVE OTHER COUNTRIES." Ultima Management : Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen 12, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/manajemen.v12i2.1772.
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Even though Indonesia was famous due to its mineral resources, only few gold mining companies is listed in the Indonesia stock exchange. In the other hand, there is a need to increase investment in the mining sector from stock market as reserve has been stagnant while production keeps going. To understand the nature of published gold mining companies, this study is conducted to analyze the effect of published operational parameter: ore processed, gold production, mining grade, process recovery, as well as external factors such as gross-domestic product and gold price to the share return of public listed gold mining companies. From panel data regression of quarter reports of eighteen (18) world mining companies in the period 2012 to 2017, it shows that process recovery and gold price is significant to the change of share price. Furthermore, the study finds that when operational parameter of existing mines can be good and positively increase, mining companies still need to look at their reserve to ensure sustainability of the business in the long run.
Key Words: Public Listed Gold Company, Share Return, Panel Data Regression, Operational Parameters, External Factors
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Hehamahua, Hayati. "Bagi Hasil Tambang Emas dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Pada Tambang Emas Gogorea Kec.Waeapo. Kab.Buru)." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v7i2.19597.
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The Gogorea Village Gold Mine is located on the eucalyptus area of the village of Gogorea, which is the owner of the heir of King Liliyali. Community gold mining that occurs in the Mount Botak gold mining area is a lesson for the owner of the Gogorea gold mine to make local rules or laws in managing gold mines. This study aims to determine the profit sharing system of gold mining management between miners and gold mining area owners from an Islamic economic perspective with a qualitative approach. Humans only borrow and use natural resources that Allah has provided, and have no right to control them absolutely. In an Islamic perspective, muamalah transactions take place honestly and transparently in order to avoid conflict and mafsadah (damage). With an Islamic economic approach, the research findings are (a). Initially, the Gogorea gold mining area was an eucalyptus land owned by the heir of King Liliyali so that bargaining power belongs to the heir's family, (b). The internal regulations that have been implemented have been able to reduce conflicts in the Gogorea gold mining area. (c). The existence of this local law is able to guarantee harmony and fraternal relations between miners and mining area owners.
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Vent, Glenn. "ACCOUNTING FOR GOLD AND SILVER MINES: THE DEVELOPMENT OF COST ACCOUNTING." Accounting Historians Journal 13, no. 2 (September 1, 1986): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.13.2.77.
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This study found evidence which supports the thesis that cost accounting techniques evolved rapidly during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The cost accounting system employed by the leading mines of the Comstock Lode during the 1870's is compared to a system used in the Cripple Creek district of Colorado during the first decade of the twentieth century. The cost accounting techniques of the mining industry appear to have developed rapidly during this period from crude to sophisticated systems.
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Wilson, Paula A., and Fern Zabriskie. "When the Gold is Gone: Reporting of Asset Retirement Obligations for the Ultimate Cleanup of Closed Mining Operations." Accounting and the Public Interest 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2010.10.1.57.
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ABSTRACT: Hardrock mining companies contribute positively to the U.S. economy. However, they also cause serious degradation to the surrounding environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, hardrock mining companies are among the greatest polluters in the United States. Mining companies are responsible for satisfying legal obligations arising under environmental laws that include cleanup and exit costs for all mines shut down. These environmental liabilities are called asset retirement obligations and under FAS No. 143, U.S. mining operators are required to recognize their asset retirement obligations upon acquisition or construction of their mines. In this paper, we examine the financial reporting for asset retirement obligations for gold mining companies. Based on a simple ratio analysis, it appears that top U.S. gold mining operators have sufficient financial resources to meet their future asset retirement obligations. However, when we conducted sensitivity analysis to exclude intangible assets and to adjust the value of the asset retirement obligations, we found that firms are not likely to have sufficient financial resources to meet their obligations. Current financial assurance mechanisms do not consistently and effectively result in firms meeting their asset retirement obligations. As a result, U.S. taxpayers can be left with the costs of cleanup and reclamation.
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McCulloch, Jock. "Mining Evidence: South Africa’s Gold Mines and the Career of A. J. Orenstein." Social History of Medicine 31, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkx001.
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Smith, Matthew. "“Working in the grave”: Mining accidents on the Witwatersrand gold mines c1900–1940." South African Journal of Economic History 7, no. 2 (September 1992): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.1992.10417204.
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Mawowa, Showers. "The Political Economy of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Central Zimbabwe." Journal of Southern African Studies 39, no. 4 (December 2013): 921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2013.858540.
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Idrobo, Nicolás, Daniel Mejía, and Ana María Tribin. "Illegal Gold Mining and Violence in Colombia." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0053.
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AbstractThe increase in the international price of commodities after the international financial crisis in 2008 produced a gold rush in the Colombian economy, making legal and illegal mining a very profitable and attractive business. The increase in the illegal exploitation of metals like gold has exacerbated violence in municipalities with an abundance of such minerals. Gold is believed to be a new engine in the Colombian conflict. This paper documents the phenomenon and quantifies the causal impact that the gold boom has had on indicators of violence such as homicides, forced displacement and massacres. We use the location of national parks, indigenous reserves and geochemical anomalies associated with the presence of gold mines as instruments for illegal mining in order to disentangle the causal effect of illegal mining on violence. By law, it is very difficult to get licenses for the extraction of gold in parks and indigenous reserves, and this might be a factor increasing the prevalence of illegal mining activities in municipalities with these features. In order to have time variation in our instruments, we interact geographical features associated with the presence of gold and illegal gold mining (which vary only at the municipal level) with the international price of gold. Our estimates indicate that the rise of illegal gold mining has caused a statistically significant increase in violence, as measured with the homicide rate and the victims of massacres. However, we do not find a significant causal effect of illegal gold mining on forced displacement. Our interpretation is that the increase in the profitability of illegal mining activities has sparked a dispute over territorial control between illegal armed groups in order to monopolize the extraction of the precious minerals. Nevertheless, illegal mining is a labor intensive activity, and this may have counteracted the incentives of illegal armed groups to displace local populations from their land.
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Zen’kov, I. V., E. V. Loginova, G. A. Karacheva, G. I. Latyshenko, P. M. Kondrashov, P. L. Pavlova, S. N. Skornyakova, Yu A. Maglinets, and V. N. Konov. "Investigation of the Formation of a Plant Ecosystem in the Territory of Gold Mining Mines in the Chelyabinsk Region." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-1-49-53.
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The paper presents the results of a study of the ecological state of rock dumps and repositories of processed gold-bearing ore in the course of open-pit mining of gold deposits in the Chelyabinsk region. According to remote sensing data and analytical calculations, it was established that the rate of reclamation of disturbed lands lags behind the rate of their withdrawal for the needs of gold mining enterprises. In parallel with this, low levels of vegetation cover restoration coefficients were revealed on waste dumps.
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McCutcheon, Steven R., and James A. Walker. "Great Mining Camps of Canada 8. The Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Part 2: Mining History and Contributions to Society." Geoscience Canada 47, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2020.47.163.
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In the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC), 12 of the 45 known massive sulphide deposits were mined between 1957 and 2013; one was mined for iron prior to 1950, whereas three others had development work but no production. Eleven of the deposits were mined for base metals for a total production of approximately 179 Mt, with an average grade of 3.12% Pb, 7.91% Zn, 0.47% Cu, and 93.9 g/t Ag. The other deposit was solely mined for gold, present in gossan above massive sulphide, producing approximately one million tonnes grading 1.79 g/t Au. Three of the 11 mined base-metal deposits also had a gossan cap, from which gold was extracted. In 2012, the value of production from the Bathurst Mining Camp exceeded $670 million and accounted for 58 percent of total mineral production in New Brunswick.Base-metal production started in the BMC in 1957 from deposits at Heath Steele Mines, followed by Wedge in 1962, Brunswick No. 12 in 1964, Brunswick No. 6 in 1965, Caribou in 1970, Murray Brook, Stratmat Boundary and Stratmat N-5 in 1989, Captain North Extension in 1990, and lastly, Half Mile Lake in 2012. The only mine in continuous production for most of this time was Brunswick No. 12. During its 49-year lifetime (1964–2013), it produced 136,643,367 tonnes of ore grading 3.44% Pb, 8.74% Zn, 0.37% Cu, and 102.2 g/t Ag, making it one of the largest underground base-metal mines in the world.The BMC remains important to New Brunswick and Canada because of its contributions to economic development, environmental measures, infrastructure, mining innovations, and society in general. The economic value of metals recovered from Brunswick No. 12 alone, in today’s prices exceeds $46 billion. Adding to this figure is production from the other mines in the BMC, along with money injected into the local economy from annual exploration expenditures (100s of $1000s per year) over 60 years. Several environmental measures were initiated in the BMC, including the requirement to be clean shaven and carry a portable respirator (now applied to all mines in Canada); ways to treat acid mine drainage and the thiosalt problem that comes from the milling process; and pioneering studies to develop and install streamside-incubation boxes for Atlantic Salmon eggs in the Nepisiguit River, which boosted survival rates to over 90%. Regarding infrastructure, provincial highways 180 and 430 would not exist if not for the discovery of the BMC; nor would the lead smelter and deep-water port at Belledune. Mining innovations are too numerous to list in this summary, so the reader is referred to the main text. Regarding social effects, the new opportunities, new wealth, and training provided by the mineral industry dramatically changed the living standards and social fabric of northern New Brunswick. What had been a largely poor, rural society, mostly dependent upon the fishing and forestry industries, became a thriving modern community. Also, untold numbers of engineers, geologists, miners, and prospectors `cut their teeth’ in the BMC, and many of them have gone on to make their mark in other parts of Canada and the world.
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Gough, Katherine V., Paul WK Yankson, and James Esson. "Migration, housing and attachment in urban gold mining settlements." Urban Studies 56, no. 13 (November 28, 2018): 2670–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018798536.
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Mining settlements are typically portrayed as either consisting of purpose-built housing constructed by mining companies to house their workers, or as temporary makeshift shelters built by miners working informally and inhabited by male migrants who live dangerously and develop little attachment to these places. This paper contributes to these debates on the social and material dynamics occurring in mining settlements, focusing on those with urban rather than rural characteristics, by highlighting how misconceived these archetypal portrayals are in the Ghanaian context. Drawing on qualitative data collected in three mining settlements, we explore who is moving to and living in the mining towns, who is building houses, and how attachments to place develop socio-temporally. Through doing so, the paper provides original insights on the heterogeneous nature of mining settlements, which are found to be home to a wide range of people engaged in diverse activities. Mining settlements and their attendant social dynamics are shown to evolve in differing ways, depending on the type of mining taking place and the length of time the mines have been in operation. Significantly, we illustrate how, contrary to popular understandings of incomers to mining settlements as nomadic opportunists, migrants often aspire to build their own houses and establish a family, which promotes their attachment to these settlements and their desire to remain. These insights further scholarship on the social and material configuration of mining settlements and feed into the revival of interest in small and intermediate urban settlements.
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Xingwana, Lumkwana, Elroy E Smith, and Noxolo Eileen Mazibuko. "Working Environment and Employment Conditions and their Impact on Skills Shortage in South African Gold Mines." Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v2n1p1.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the direct relationship and effect of human resource management practices (working environment and employment conditions) on perceived skills shortage among engineers, professionals, and supervisors in the South African gold mines. A sample of 300 engineers, professionals and supervisors was selected by purposive sampling from three selected South African gold mines. For the analysis of the data collected through a self-administered questionnaire, correlation and multiple regression were conducted using Social Package for Social Sciences, version 25. The study revealed that the working environment and employment conditions had a positive significant relationship with the perceived skills shortage in the gold mines. Considering the regression coefficients of two predictors, working environment exerted a greater impact on perceived skills shortage than employment conditions. The benefits of providing an attractive employment condition and supportive working environment create incentives for job satisfaction, employee’s intention to stay and talent retention. The study contributes to the growing research of skills shortage by conducting empirical tests consisting of three variables (perceived skills shortage, working environment, and employment conditions) in the gold mining context.
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Moyo, Funa, and Clifford Mabhena. "Harnessing Mineral Resources in Gwanda District of Zimbabwe: A Myth or a Reality?" International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 38 (August 2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.38.1.
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The article examines strategies of harnessing mineral resources for community empowerment, poverty reduction and infrastructure development in mining areas of Zimbabwe. Despite abundant mineral resources, the majority of Zimbabwean indigenous communities living close to the mines have limited access to directly or indirectly benefit from the mineral resources. Using a descriptive survey to collect data, this research article gives a strong proposition on how the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act can be used as a vehicle of harnessing mineral resources. The article argues that pro poor mining policies that ensure the harnessing of mineral resources for community empowerment, poverty reduction and infrastructure development are paramount. The article further argues that the Indigenous and Economic Empowerment Act needs to be harmonised with other sector legislation in the country. The article concludes that the development of infrastructure and provision of public utilities such as electricity, water, establishing micro-credit to small and medium enterprises and implementing broad-based indigenisation policies are some of the strategies of improving rural livelihoods. Similarly direct and indirect linkages between the mining sector and local economy could be enhanced through the provision of food supply to the mine, manufacture of mining inputs, provision of security services and supply of labour by the local community. The article recommends that the harmonisation of legislation that has an effect on harnessing of mineral resources by local communities will ensure community empowerment, poverty reduction and infrastructure development.
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Perinbam, B. Marie. "Perceptions of Bonduku's Contribution to the Western Sudanese Gold Trade: An Assessment of the Evidence." History in Africa 13 (1986): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171548.
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On his way back from Mossi country in 1888, Louis Binger visited Bonduku, principal town of the Akan state of Gyaman. Commenting erroneously on the city's antiquity, Binger nonetheless appropriately referred to Bonduku's association with gold mining and the gold trade with nearby towns such as Kong and Buna. The town's more distant trading partners, he continiued, included Jenne and other Niger bend towns. In effect, the saltgold trade, to which Binger was referring, extended from the Taghaza mines in the north (northern Mali, two day's journey from Taodeni), to the southerly mines in the Bonduku and Asante regions. On his own admission, Binger obtained little information on the gold trade which, of the “hidden” variety, was conducted in traders' homes. He learned even less about gold mining. Even his own attempts to purchase a large gold nugget of 150 grams foundered on his host's opposition, claiming that the sale would bring misfortune to the peoples and their communities.Misinformed on the city's age and frustrated in further endeavors, Binger nonetheless affirmed that a great deal of gold was in the city. He noticed, for example, that gold was the “almost exclusive” payment for European merchandise abounding in local markets. “Not a day passes,” he continued, but that commercial transactions--at his host's residence, or at any other house chosen at random--were concluded, involving gold as the exchange medium. Bonduku's inhabitants, moreover, adorned themselves with gold. Taxes were paid in gold.
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Farlan, Edi, Indra Indra, and Ahmad Humam Hamid. "Dampak Pertambangan Emas Tradisional Terhadap Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Gampong Mersak Kecamatan Kluet Tengah Kabupaten Aceh Selatan." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1255.
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During the existence of the traditional gold mining in the Mersak Village subdisdtrict of Central Kluet district South Aceh has been a lot changes in local community life. The research methodology used is descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and literature study. Informants in this study consisted of village officials, community leaders and the community of gold miners. Data analysis technique used is the technique of interactive analysis by Milles and Huberman form of data reduction, data presentation and verification / conclusions. The results of the research tells us that the existence of gold mines in the Village Ruin has an impact on the social and economic condition of the community. Negative impact on the gold mining aspects of uncontrolled population movements and worrying, the incidence rate is increasing conflict and transition people's livelihood of farmers to miners who create agricultural infrastructure is not functioning optimally. Also, positive impact on the gold mining aspects of the comprehensive work opportunities for people and rising incomes that can be seen from the high purchasing power. Keywords: Mining, Impact, Social, Economic
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Hardi, Muhammad, and Mussadun Mussadun. "Pengendalian Tata Ruang Kawasan Pertambangan Terhadap Kegiatan Pertambangan Emas Ilegal di Kabupaten Pidie." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 12, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v12i1.11457.
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Pidie District is one of the areas in Aceh Province which is rich in minerals such as gold, copper, iron sand, and other metal minerals. The potential for the mine has created a lot of illegal gold mining activities that cause negative effect for the spatial planning and the environment. The local government has been trying to control and supervision, but still not able to cope with illegal gold mining activities in the study area.Seeing these conditions, the authors conducted research entitled Spatial Control of Mining Areas Against Illegal Gold Mining Activity In Pidie District. This study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods (mixed methods) and supported by ArcGIS 10.2 software to perform analysis.The study found a violation of spatial due to illegal gold mining activities that enter the protected forest areas, forest production and residential area that is not worth mine. Control efforts such as zoning, permits, incentives, disincentives, sanctions and regular monitoring has been carried out. The constraints such as government officials and companies involved, weak law enforcement and a lack of coordination among agencies makes illegal gold mining region of the study is still ongoing. Arrangement of WPR on location technically feasible, completion of the poverty problem perpetrators, and to improve inter-agency coordination are measures to control illegal gold mines in the region of study.
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Seccatore, Jacopo, Lorenzo Magny, and Giorgio De Tomi. "Technical and operational aspects of tunnel rounds in artisanal underground mining." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 3 (September 2014): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000300010.
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In the world today, due to the current high price of gold, thousands of artisanal small-scale mines operate without the financial or technical capacity to upgrade their production methods, often using equipment and working methods that were forsaken decades ago in the conventional mining industry. This article illustrates, with a practical example, that it is possible to achieve the modern requirements of quality, safety and productivity, while operating with mining equipment that basically possesses the same characteristics as that employed in the 1950s. The operation involved the excavation of a 6 meter long tunnel and over 25 stoping sections in both rock and concrete by drilling and blasting in an underground gold mine. The article describes how the main operational problems were overcome. An effective drilling pattern was designed in order to be easily achievable with the limited local equipment. The behavior of the local nitrate explosive was effectively predicted and managed. The interaction with the drilling teams was managed in order to determine a meeting point between their traditional working methods and the scientific view of the engineer. At the end of the article some general guidelines are proposed for the management of similar situations, in order to improve the efficiency, productivity and safety of drill and blast operations in small-scale mines.