Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Golden Gate'

From 9 November through 15 December, 1992 a bottom mooring consisting of an upward looking acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a conductivity-temperature pressure (CTD) instrument were deployed in the Golden Gate. Tidal constituents were derived from least squares fit on pressure and current data. The amplitude of the M2 tide was 0.6 m and 100 cm/s, and primary tidal constituents were about 0.3 m and 20 cm/s. Current profiles were largely barotropic and one dimensional. Overtides and compound tides had amplitudes less than 0.02 m and 5 cm/s but had baroclinic structure and two dimensional hodographs. Tidal currents appear to be hydraulically driven. Mean flow and transport were directed at 110 deg T at 23 cm/s and 45 cu.m/s; indicative of the two dimensional structure of the Golden Gate. Mean energy fluxes at the site were 30,000 W for kinetic energy advection and 8,500,000 W for the work done by pressure. If representative of the channel, they imply a total energy flux of 8. 5 x 1O to the 9th power W through the Gate

Thesis: M. Eng. in Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-174).<br>The ability to quickly and reliably create new DNA constructs has been pushing forward many fields, including synthetic biology. This thesis investigated increasing the capability of creating genetic circuits through cost reduction and automation using Golden Gate assembly as a model assembly method. Nearly 20-fold reduction in cost was achieved by lowering the total reaction volume as well as the amount of enzymes used, the major cost factor. Lowering the DNA assembly reaction volume was achieved using pin tools capable of transferring nanoliter scale volumes. Automation was achieved by creating an on-the-fly swappable pin tool adapter for use with the Tecan Freedom EVO liquid handling robot. Software was developed as part of the BioCAD framework to enable easy programmed use of pin tools. Proof-of-concept experiments with pre-mixed DNA inputs reliably achieved 100% correctness at the colony screening level. A seven-way reaction, assembled from individual DNA sources in a total volume of 2 [mu]L using 0.5 units of BsaI and 1 Weiss units of T4 DNA ligase (20 times less than used by researchers manually) showed an efficiency of 10%, with approximately 100 correct colonies formed at the colony screening level, more than necessary for down-stream processing. These proof-of-concept results suggest that using pin tools and automation is a viable approach to reduce the costs of reactions run daily by many synthetic biologists.<br>by Kristjan Eerik Kaseniit.<br>M. Eng. in Computer Science and Molecular Biology

The type and extent of the physical deterioration (erosion) of t he hiking t r a i l/ rock type associations in the Golden Ga te Highland National P a rk and the possible reasons for the deterioration a re clear from the results of the empirical study. Erosion can be directly a t t r ibut ed to the influence of the hike r s' walking action. The extent of erosion varies between different hiking trail/rock type associations. Through a correlation analysis between erosion values and certain topographical variables, ideal sampling points were identified and the results can be used as criteria for the future planning of hiking trails. Differences between the field and p a th measurements for pl ant n u t r i e nt s t a tus, t extur al composition and soil compaction, are clear evidence of the physical deterioration of the hiking trails t h at can be directly a t t r ibut ed to t he influence of the hikers. Physical limitations experienced by the hikers can also cont r ibute to the increase in the erosion of a pa r t i cul ar trail section. C u r r e nt measures to stop erosion are not adequa t e. Therefore certain suggestions a re made. The installation of a pe rmanent walking path,segments could be a solution. In order to stop or mitigate any further deterioration of the hiking trails in the Golden Gate Highlands National P a rk and to prevent other negative environmental influences, an environmental management system has to be implemented by the P a rk management. The implementation of an environmental management system will ensure a balance between recreation and conservation.<br>Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--PU for CHE, 1997.

In the Golden Gate (San Francisco) inlet, tidal currents are dominant and have complex spatial and temporal variations owing to the large size of estuary connected through a narrow channel and the shallow ebb shoal (bar) at the mouth. To capture such variations, shipboard ADCP profiling is a technically viable approach that can yield unique insight into the vertical structure of currents. Shipboard ADCP data from four cruises conducted by the R/V Point Sur in the San Francisco Bight are used in the study. Transects along the channel axis were automatically extracted from the irregularly sampled underway data using changes in speed and heading in combination with geographic criteria. Processed data contains transects traversed in various tidal conditions. Flood currents are bottom intensified with more strength in the relatively deeper area of the channel. In low tidal range conditions, the directions and speed of surface currents are nearly uniform along the entire channel. Ebb currents are surface intensified, decreasing from the Golden Gate to the bar. In low tidal range, near-surface and bottom currents flow in opposite directions. The tidal currents exhibit cross channel variations in strength. Ebb results in surface outflow mainly along the northern part of entrance, whereas the flood flow is strongest along the southern part.

As a former UC Berkeley undergraduate and a University of Vermont graduate student, this is an educational autobiography of a self-identified Hapa, or mixed-race Asian American, through the lens of race and identity. Exploring what it means to be “white” and “privileged,” and realizing that these concepts--like identity--are fluid, this thesis adopts a dual methodology that includes personal narrative, as well as a meta-critical reflection. This thesis focuses on three memoirs: Bone Black and Wounds of Passion by bell hooks, and Hunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez, each of which explore themes of reclaiming voice and reconstructing identity with regards to race, class, and culture.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a novel technique which can be used to build up a 2D pseudo-section of resistivity distribution of a porous material. Here, it is used to visualise internal moisture regimes by measuring the resistivity distribution of transects within sandstone, inferring that high resistivity equals low moisture content and vice versa. This method was used to perform two intermediate complexity laboratory tests; the first one to determine high-resolution, multi-scale drying patterns of sandstone, the second to determine capillary ingress of moisture within a sandstone block and the influence of temperature on moisture distribution. It was found that moisture behaviour showed far more complex patterns than previously acknowledged. A new model is therefore proposed which describes the influence of increased near-surface temperatures on capillary rise. This series of tests bridge the gap between field observations and mathematical models, as well as confirm the validity of ERT as a geomorphological tool. This research was continued by investigating the role of internal moisture in sandstone weathering using the Golden Gate Highlands National Park (GGHNP), South Africa as a case study. The ERT data was correlated with Equotip (rock surface hardness) and Protimeter (rock surface saturation) measurements. Seven sites were investigated, which showed that there is a non-linear correlation between rock surface hardness and internal moisture patterns. In addition, annual change measurements confirmed that the fluctuating patterns of internal moisture can be correlated to strengthening or weakening of the rock surface. This research therefore proposes two new conceptual weathering models. The first correlates ‘optimal moisture content’ to rock surface strength. The second correlates the development of shelters and changing weathering patterns to the non-linear interaction between case hardening and internal moisture. This new approach to sandstone weathering can be incorporated into conservation methods, as rock surface loss is one of the main causes of the San Rock Art deterioration observed in the GGHNP.

The aim of this study was to identify different scenic zones in Golden Gate Highlands National Park. A literature study of the different physical aspects that could assist in the identification of different scenic zones in the park was undertaken. From this, it was possible to identify four major scenic zones namely the zone below the Clarens sandstone formation, the Clarens sandstone formation itself, the area above the Clarens sandstone and the mountain crests. This study further placed a monetary value on the different scenic zones as identified by using different elements from the Travel-cost approach, the Hedonic Price Model and the Contingent model. This study indicates that the scenic beauty of Golden Gate Highlands National Park is worth in the order of not less than R 1,6 million monthly. An assessment was made of different existing visual objects within the park and it was measure against the monetary value of the specific scenic zone in which they are situated. The public's opinion was also obtained by means of a questionnaire and further personal interviews. A questionnaire was circulated during the period December 1999 to January 2000 to obtain the public's views. Although the valuing of a scenic view are still regarded as a grey area, this study provides further proof that scenic beauty does indeed have a monetary value and that certain objects are visually misplaced in Golden Gate Highlands National Park. The public also indicated that some objects are actually viewed by them as a visual intrusion.<br>Thesis (M.A.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001.

The Golden Gate Bridge, and the surrounding national parks, are one of the most iconic tourist destinations in the world. Although this area is idyllic in many ways, its underlying governmental set-up creates traffic problems on the US-101 highway that angers tourists and commuters alike. One piece of land that exacerbates the increasing congestion on this section of US-101 is the Vista Point parking lot that is just North of the Golden Gate Bridge. This parking lot’s entrance is just off of the Northbound side of US-101, and during summer and holiday weekends cars will queue onto the freeway completely stopping the right-most lane. Vista Point presents a complex traffic problem to solve because of the multiple layers of overlapping governmental jurisdictions that actually govern this parking lot. Research for this thesis consists of 16 personal interviews with stakeholders involved in solving this congestion issue, and relevant studies and background information on all the political actors interviewed. This research results in an exploration of how these agencies work together to communally solve a traffic issue, and where disconnects occur during the overall planning process of Vista Point.

Tourism has been utilising global biodiversity for a relatively long time. In many countries, such as Finland and South Africa, biodiversity forms an increasingly important resource for tourism. The mutual and sometimes conflicting relation between biodiversity and tourism is clearly evident in conservation areas. The importance of National Parks, for example, is highlighted by the protection and conservation of biodiversity through ecotourism to retain visitors while increasing experiences: it is apparent that a more diverse and unique destination would have greater appeal to all visitors. However, the increasing interest also creates impacts to environment, visitor‟s experiences and management needs. This research examines and determines the tangible level of importance of biodiversity in Oulanka National Park in Finland compared to Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa with the added effects on visitor experiences. Apart from the tangible level, this research also examines the affects of biodiversity richness on visitor experiences and perceptions regarding nature management regulations at Oulanka and Golden Gate. This is determined through various biodiversity attributes with visitors specifying the importance regarding the richness of plants, habitats, wildlife, birdlife and unspoilt nature and biodiversity hotspots. More than three quarters of respondents specified that their relationships regarding biodiversity and experiences are strongly connected thereby indicating the role and importance of biodiversity in Oulanka National Park and Golden Gate Highlands National Park. Findings also illustrate respondents‟ views on nature management regulations of the national parks and together with the known role of biodiversity, suggest the way forward for Oulanka and Golden Gate through ecotourism and a Biodiversity Tourism Management Guidelines (BTMG) framework.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Tourism Management<br>unrestricted

The tourism industry is becoming increasingly more competitive, making it essential for tourism destinations to understand why tourists travel to specific destinations. Travel motives are seen as important factors affecting tourist behaviour. Understanding the travel motives of tourists is essential information for the development of a tourism product and its marketing strategy. Tourists to different destinations have different internal reasons for doing so, and wish to fulfil certain needs. These needs motivate tourists to choose a certain destination and, therefore, identifying the travel motives of tourists to tourism destinations will help the destination to better target their marketing strategies to tourists with common motives. The aim of this study is to determine the travel motives of tourists to selected national parks in South Africa as well as to determine whether there are differences and/or similarities between these motives. The parks concerned are the Addo Elephant-, Augrabies Falls- and Golden Gate Highlands National Parks. This will assist SANParks in their future marketing efforts and help to better understand why the tourists choose to visit the respective parks. A literature review regarding tourist behaviour was carried out to achieve Objective 1, which was to conduct a theoretical analysis of tourist behaviour. The primary reasons for understanding tourist behaviour are to be able to retain your customer for life, to fulfil the tourists’ needs and to develop better target marketing strategies. To understand tourists’ travel motives better, studying tourist behaviour becomes important. The tourist’s decision-making process (that forms part of the tourism behaviour model) is divided into six stages. These are, awareness of a need; seeking information; evaluation of information; decision making; action or buying and postpurchase evaluation. The tourist behaviour model consists of a number of factors that influence this decision-making process, including internal (for example perception, learning and motivation) and external (for example culture, social class and family) influences as well as personal (race, gender and age) and market-related (climate, economy and government) influencers. The most important influence relevant to this study is motivation. To achieve Objective 2, which was to conduct a theoretical analysis of travel motives of tourists to nature based products, a literature review concerning the travel motives of tourists was carried out. This revealed that a number of different travel motives to tourism destinations have been identified. Internal needs motivate tourists to travel to specific destinations, in the hope of fulfilling these needs. Research on travel motives is based on a number of theories, and some of the important motives that arose were: nature, wildlife, escape, relaxation, education, novelty, socialisation, family recreation and destination attractions. In conclusion, there are similarities as well as differences in the travel motives of tourists to different natural areas. Objectives 3 and 4 included determining the profiles as well as the travel motives of tourists to the selected national parks. Secondary data was used to determine the profiles and travel motives of the tourists. The first section focused on the profiles of the tourists, which proved to be quite similar in all three parks, with minor differences regarding province of residence and the languages spoken. The second section focused on the travel motives of these tourists, and a factor analysis was used to extract six factors from the data. These factors were: relax and socialise, park attractions, nature and wildlife, knowledge-seeking, photography and park activities. The factors of tourists to each park were compared by means of a practical significance test (ANOVA) to determine the differences in travel motives to each park. The results revealed that certain travel motives were more important to certain of the three selected national parks, for example: knowledge-seeking is more important to tourists visiting the Addo Elephant National Park, relax and socialise is more important to tourists visiting the Augrabies Falls National Park, and park activities are more important to tourists visiting the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. By determining the differences and similarities in travel motives to the three selected national parks, the aim of this study was achieved. The results are in agreement with other researchers’ findings that there are a number of travel motives motivating tourists to visit certain destinations, and this study determined that these motives differ from destination to destination.<br>Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

This paper hopes to analyze the intersection between diversity and numbers of visitors and landscape preservation in the National Park Service. Current scholarship addresses either diversity in the Park System or carrying capacity and human population pressures. However, both are critical issues facing the National Park Service in the 21st century, and looking at the issues in isolation means missing a key interaction and potentially working to solve one problem that in turn amplifies another. Here, diversity of park-goers and preservation priorities will be addressed together, each as part of the other. Pinnacles National Park, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and Muir Woods National Monument each face human population pressures, yet each park has unique issues that illuminate the larger struggles within in NPS to ensure its mission to preserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations is still being met 100 years after conception.

L’obiettivo della presente tesi è quello di studiare il comportamento dei ponti sospesi per mezzo delle teorie che nel corso della storia sono state formulate al fine di perfezionare la loro progettazione. La trattazione segue principalmente quanto mostrato da Sir Alfred Pugsley nella seconda edizione del suo libro “The Theory of Suspension Bridges”. La presente tesi si prefigge inoltre di applicare le teorie studiate proprio al caso reale del Golden Gate in modo da analizzare i risultati che si otterranno e le differenze presenti tra esse.

This dissertation examines Robert Penn Warren‘s use of Arthurian legend, Judeo-Christian folklore, Norse mythology, and ancient vegetation rituals in his first four novels. It also illustrates how the use of these myths helps define Warren‘s Agrarian ideals while underscoring his subtle references to these ideals in his early fiction.

Several major design elements that we often take for granted in early coin-op videogames-including rule automation, real-time button play, and fiction as static theme-originated decades prior as innovations within the pinball industry. These similarities occurred on account of a number of key personnel doing leading work in both industries, convergent evolution around the business model shared by both game forms, and an irreversible trend of coin-op games becoming more differentiated and having better contextualized objectives. Although echoes of these qualities exist in more modern videogames, the relatively pure combination of these traits in early coin-op games resulted in a type of game style unfamiliar, or even off-putting, to players whose gameplay experiences are limited primarily to newer games from the past two decades. Because the coin-op gameplay formula achieved high replay value with little content, and required only minimal instruction, aspects of it have been rediscovered within the modern casual games movement and indie mobile games. Patterns from the historical relationship between pinball and coin-op videogames can serve as a lens for gaining another perspective on more recent issues and trends in the game industry, from the inherent issues with motion control to the rapid industry-changing shift toward social games.

La Terre est un seul pays," disent certains écologistes. Si cette formule unificatrice peut servir avec efficacité l'environnement physique et peut-être aussi l'économie internationale qui exigent l'harmonisation voire même la standardisation des moyens d'action, elle ne facilite pas la tâche des défenseurs de l'identité culturelle qui, elle, est une vision subjective de la réalité objective, une intelligence de la vie propre à un peuple ou même à un individu, un cachet identificateur et inimitable et qui, à ce titre, fait de la terre un grand ensemble de mondes distincts que l'on ne peut, ni ne doit uniformiser. Beaucoup de penseurs se sont penchés sur cette question mais la plupart ont eu tendance à voir dans cette marque distinctive un élément diviseur de l'humanité. Fort heureusement cependant, cette vision des choses semble périmée actuellement. C'est ainsi que les philosophes contemporains par exemple, comme le souligne F. Laruelle dans Philosophies de la différence (1986), voient la différence, non comme une force centrifuge ou une source de contradictions mais plutôt une distance positive qui unit immédiatement, et sans négativité ni dialectique les contraires.

This master's thesis deals with development of indie game - independently-developed game. It describes important moments in computer games history. It clarifies terms like golden age of video arcade games and video game crash of 1983. Further it explains history and origin of indie game phenomenon. It describes some of the differences between independent and commercial game development. In next chapter it presents some game engines which are suitable for independent game development. And in the last chapter it describes the design and implementation of game engine and game running on it.

Filmturism är ett relativt nytt fenomen på turistmarknaden, som kort kan beskrivas med när en turist besöker en destination eller attraktion till följd av att destinationen/attraktionen har visats upp på tv eller i film. I Thailand har ett flertal stora filmer spelats in genom åren, bland annat The Beach och James Bond – The Man with the Golden Gun. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa fenomenet filmturism samt undersöka hur lokala aktörer i Thailand använder filmerna Beach och James Bond – Man with the golden gun som redskap för platsmarknadsföring och imageskapande. I studien har det även studerats hur destinationerna har påverkats av filmerna samt hur destinationerna uppfattas av turister som har varit eller är på väg till någon av platserna. Den destinationsimage som skapas genom film behöver inte alltid stämma överens med destinationens verkliga image. Studiens material har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer, observationer och skuggningar samt kvantitativa enkäter och granskning av resesidan Tripadvisor och aktören Maya Bay Tours hemsida. Studiens resultat visar att filmerna har påverkat platsernas image och att Maya Bay inte är lika beroende av filmen i sin marknadsföring som James Bond Island är. Turister som har besökt platserna påpekade att mängden turister är det som förstört upplevelsen och att turismen måste regleras för att deras förväntningar ska uppfyllas.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de concevoir, fabriquer et caractériser les dispositifs plasmoniques basés sur les cavités métalliques bidimensionnelles monocristallines pour le transfert d'information et la réalisation d'opérations logiques. Les fonctionnalités ciblées émergent de l'ingénierie spatiale et spectrale de résonances plasmon d'ordre supérieur supportées par ces cavités prismatiques. Les nouveaux éléments étudiés dans cette thèse ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles stratégies de transfert et de traitement de l'information en optique intégrée et miniaturisée. Dans un premier temps, nous caractérisons la réponse optique des nanoplaquettes d'or ultra-fines et de taille submicronique (400 à 900 nm) par spectroscopie en champ sombre. La dispersion des résonances plasmoniques d'ordre supérieur de ces cavités est mesurée et comparée avec un bon accord aux simulations obtenues par la méthode des dyades de Green (GDM). En outre, nous présentons une analyse par décomposition lorentzienne des réponses spectrales de ces nanoprismes déposés sur des minces substrats métalliques. Nous avons, par ailleurs systématiquement étudié les effets qui pourraient modifier les résonances plasmoniques par microscopie de luminescence non-linéaire, qui s'est avérée un outil efficace pour observer la densité d'états locale des plasmons de surface (SPLDOS). En particulier, nous montrons que les caractéristiques spectrale et spatiale des résonances plasmoniques d'ordre supérieur peuvent être modulées par la modification du substrat (diélectrique ou métallique), par l'insertion contrôlée d'un défaut dans la cavité ou par le couplage électromagnétique, même faible, entre les deux cavités. L'ingénierie rationnelle de la répartition spatiale des résonances confinées 2D a été appliquée à la conception de dispositifs à transmittance accordable entre deux cavités connectées. Les géométries particulières sont produites par gravure au faisceau d'ions focalisé sur des plaquettes cristallines d'or. Les dispositifs sont caractérisés par cartographie de luminescence non-linéaire en microscopie confocale et en microscopie de fuites. Cette dernière méthode offre un moyen unique d'observer la propagation du signal plasmon dans la cavité. Nous démontrons la dépendance en polarisation de la transmission plasmonique dans les composants à symétrie et géométrie adéquates. Les résultats sont fidèlement reproduits par notre outil de simulation GDM adapté à la configuration de transmission. Enfin, notre approche est appliquée à la conception et à la fabrication d'une porte logique reconfigurable avec plusieurs entrées et sorties. Nous démontrons que dix des douze portes logiques possibles à 2 entrées et 1 sortie sont activable sur une même structure en choisissant les trois points d'entrée et de sortie et en ajustant le seuil de luminescence non-linéaire pour le signal de sortie<br>The main objective of this PhD work is to design, fabricate and characterize plasmonic devices based on highly crystalline metallic cavities for the two-dimensional information transfer and logic gate operations. First, we thoroughly characterize the optical response of ultra-thin gold colloidal cavities of sub-micronic size (400 to 900 nm) by dark- field spectroscopy (Fig. 1a). The dispersion of the high order plasmonic resonances of the cavities is measured and compared with a good agreement to simulations obtained with a numerical based on the Green Dyadic Method (GDM). We further extend our experiments to systematically tune the spectral responses of these colloidal nanoprisms in vicinity of metallic thin film substrates. A comprehensive study of these sub-micronic size cavity in bowtie antenna configuration is performed. We show a polarization-dependent field enhancement and a nanoscale field confinement at specific locations in these bowtie antennas. We systematically study the effects that could potentially affect the plasmonic resonances by non-linear photon luminescence microscopy, which has proved to be an efficient tool to observe the surface plasmon local density of states (SPLDOS). Inparticular, we show that an effective spatially and spectrally tuning of the high order plasmonic resonances can be achieved by the modification of the substrate (dielectric or metallic), by the controlled insertion of a defect inside a cavity or by the weak electromagnetic coupling between two adjacent cavities. The rational tailoring of the spatial distribution of the 2D confined resonances was applied to the design of devices with tunable plasmon transmittance between two connected cavities. The specific geometries are produced by focused ion milling crystalline gold platelets. The devices are characterized by non-linear luminescence mapping in confocal and leakage radiation microscopy techniques. The latter offers a unique way to observe propagating SPP signal over a 2D plasmonic cavity. We demonstrate the polarization-dependent mode-mediated transmittance for devices withadequate symmetry. The results are faithfully reproduced with our simulation tool based on Green dyadic method. Finally, we extend our approach to the design and fabrication of a reconfigurable logic gate device with multiple inputs and outputs. We demonstrate that 10 out of the possible 12 2-input 1-output logic gates can be implemented on the same structure by choosing the two input and the one output points. We also demonstrate reconfiguration of the device by changing polarization of the incident beam, set of input locations and threshold of the non-linear luminescence readout signal

Im interested in the topic of praying machine, because I want to analyze aspects of photography and its functions. It's known, that the reality is manipulated by photography. Bud we can also say, that the relationship between reality and photography is neutral in fact, that the manipulation is made by our interpretation of photography. The change of the reality can be realized just in the dialog between photography and reality. Can it be, that the mechanization change into the will? Does it prays praying mill or the buddhistic monk, who rotates the mill? When he believes into it, is it enough? Or is it enough if believes who watch the monk with his mill? ... The computers from he place A are "praying" the prayers from the place B. With Tomáš Javůrek we collaborated with Vladimír Veselý and Radek Lát to create the Game for re-articulation our reality on the base of the revision of our faith.

"Golden Gate Grand Café, um aspeto da sociabilidade funchalense", aborda um dos cafés/restaurantes mais afamados do Funchal, desde os finais do século XIX até ao presente. Tem sido local de encontro, convívio e de tertúlias das classes dominantes, assim como de frequência para os turistas. Procuro compreender as transformações urbanas e as formas da sociabilidade da elite insular, recorrendo a documentação de arquivo impresso e visual, à imprensa e a testemunhos orais. O primeiro capítulo resume aspetos fundamentais da história dos cafés/restaurantes como estabelecimentos de comércio e lazer, e à mudanças na sociabilidade desde o período oitocentista até à atualidade. O segundo capítulo incide sobre o Golden Gate: a) os modos de vida dos grupos dominantes funchalenses no século XIX, b) As transformações ocorridas ao longo do século XX e c) o período até à atualidade.<br>"Golden Gate Grand Café, um aspeto da sociabilidade funchalense", talks about one of the most famous cafés/restaurants in Funchal, from the end of XIX century until the present time. It has been a gathering and socializing place among the most dominant social classes as well as, very frequently, tourists. I intend to comprehend the urban transformations and the elite forms of sociability in the island, using printed and visual archive documentation, press and oral testimonies. The first chapter summarizes fundamental aspects of the cafés/restaurants history as a commerce and leisure establishment, and the changes in the sociability since the XIX century until the present time. The second chapter focuses about the Golden Gate: a) the ways of life of the dominant groups from Funchal in the XIX century, b) the transformations occurred during the XX century and c) the time until today.

M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)<br>The political upheavals of decades before the advent of democracy left far reaching consequences to the South African education system. The culture of teaching and learning suffered a severe blow since schools were the battlegrounds of the oppressor and the oppressed. Whilst learners developed an academic attitude, teachers lost sight of their professional ethos. The oppressor’s ultimate aim was largely to create a black labour force mentality that is denied opportunities to creativity and critical thinking approach. A different approach to the training of student teachers was necessary if the integrity of the teaching profession was to be retained. This includes the inculcation of a perspective in which aspirant young student teachers embrace the teaching profession with more positive attitude to their practice. It is significant that diverse institutions such as the University of Johannesburg, with its education faculty, began to conceptualise a framework based on the educational excursion for first year B.Ed Students. The Golden Gate Educational excursion became an outdoor learning experience for realisation of the faculty framework. The framework expresses the commitment to the education and training of caring, accountable, critically reflective educational practitioners who would be able to nurture and support learning in a diverse educational context. The educational excursion curriculum was therefore, tailored to serve both conceptual framework and the professional development. This research report attempted to articulate the views of first year B.Ed students on the professional development after the Golden Gate educational excursion. A generic qualitative study situated within an interpretive research paradigm was applied in the study. Observations, interviews and feedback evaluation forms were vital in the collection of data. B.Ed first year students were the participants in the research process. The premise for the study of their professional development is deduced from Bronfenbrenner’s ecosystemic model. The central view is that development cannot be fully understood unless we view it in relation to various systems in which people are involved. It is therefore, viewed within the social context. Within the social context, students accumulate experience that determines how they attach and construct meaning to reality around their environments. The accumulated experiences as well as their personal reflection on the professional practice provide a learning experience that result in new paradigm about the teaching profession. Feedback evaluation forms completed by first year B.Ed. students served as a reflective exercise on detailed aspects of the excursion. Their views were well articulated and triangulated with interviews and observation data in form of pictures attached in the addendum. The evidence clearly showed a positive change of first year B.Ed. students’ views about teaching profession after Golden Gate excursion.

The general aim of this study was to gain an insight into the nature of gully erosion at Golden Gate Highlands National Park. In order to achieve this the spatial and temporal characteristics of six gullies were investigated by examining their typological and morphological characteristics, the relationship between their morphometric properties and their increase in extent over a 39 year period (1952-1991). Where possible these findings and observed gully forms were related to initiating factors. Extensive field surveys and measurements were carried out to ascertain the typological and morphological characteristics of each gully. The results of the field measurements were then statistically analyzed using linear regression analysis, principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis. These methods of analysis were used to get an indication of the relationships taht exist between the morphometric properties of the gullies as well as to highlight the similarities and differences that exist between them. These results showed that the morphometric varaibles of the gullies are strongly interrelated. Furthermore they revealed that the six gullies could be divided into three broad groups on the basis of their morphometric and sediment properties. The gullies within two of the three groups were found to be similar not only in terms of the above mentioned but they also occur on same facing slopes of similar gradients and appear to have been initiated by similar processes. Differences occurring within and between the gully groups were attributed to varying combinations of initiating factors. Aerial photographs from 1952 and 1984 were used together with surverys to map the extent and development of five of the six gullies - teh remainign gully was only initiated in 1988. The 1952 and 1984 photographs were selected as they represented the earleist and most recent photographs to be taken of the area. The maps show the gullies to have experienced a greater amount of growth during the 1984 - 1991 period than during the 1952 - 1984 period. This finding was attributed to the sporadic nature of gully growth. The spatial location of the gullies in relation to one another appears to have had little influence on their typological and morphological characteristics. However, their spatial location within the landscape has undoubtedly influenced these properties. In general the research described has shown that the spatial and temporal differences of the gullies occurring in the park are the result of various combinations of endogenous and exogenous factors that governed the initiation and development of each gully.

碩士<br>中國科技大學<br>室內設計系<br>107<br>In recent years, efforts have been made to preserve and utilize traditional buildings on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Although Jinmen and Gulangyu islands are close to each other, they have different conservation and utilization developments. Jinmen has been promoting the restoration of traditional buildings for more than 20 years, which was proposed by the urban planning in 1996. After the establishment of the Golden Gate Special Zone Project and the various conservation plans implemented by the Golden Gate National Park Administration, the two administrative organs'policy-parallel management model has made some achievements in promoting the restoration and protection of traditional architectural features for the Golden Gate. In 1978, the Chinese mainland cultural relics protection system began to gradually implement, and Gulangyu Island in 1984. After being incorporated into the scope of Xiamen Special Economic Zone in 1997, the protection of cultural relics has been carried out. The administrative organs are also divided into two systems, namely, the protection of cultural relics units and the protection of historic buildings, which lay a good foundation for the protection of traditional buildings and landscapes in Gulangyu. Due to the reality of the separation between the two sides, the implementation methods, process and reuse of preservation and reuse are different because of different development backgrounds. This paper takes the residential use of foreign buildings on two islands as the object to explore the differences of preservation and reuse of foreign buildings. From the past, the thinking attitude of restoring foreign buildings, and the reasons for the differences. We should meet the current needs of reuse, and then produce various possible influence levels. Through the investigation of the current situation of these foreign buildings and the discussion of historical documents in the initial construction period, we can further compare the differences of the reuse period. The object of the case is to choose the foreign buildings used in Jinmen and Gulangyu residences from 1840 to 1949 as the research subjects. This paper reviews and discusses the historical development trajectory of Jinmen andGulangyu by using historical documents. At the same time, it makes a comparative study of various issues faced by the two places after maintenance, and analyses the differences between the results of preservation and utilization of Jinmen and Gulangyu Western-style buildings . It is hoped that the results can be applied to the future feasibility development of JinmenWestern-style buildings, hoping to help the preservation of Jinmen Western-style buildings again. Use the topic to provide useful direction suggestions.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. 11/30/2013.<br>A variety of mass movement and depositional geomorphic phenomena in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park have been described in the literature over the past few decades, yet notably, the prominent rockfalls remain understudied. The objective of the MSc study is to undertake detailed mapping of the GGHNP rockfalls, and in so doing ascertain a better understanding of their macro-morphologies, associated spatial-size dynamics and relationships to lithology, using both field-based and desktop image processing techniques. Ground truthing, using the highest possible resolution achievable through differential GPS (DGPS) and field measurements with an accuracy of cm to mm, serves to quantify the accuracy of mapping rockfall phenomena through 0.5 m GSD colour aerial imagery. In addition, field measurements are used as inputs for feature extraction, such that rockfalls associated with the Clarens, Elliot and Molteno Formation Sandstones may be defined using object orientated classification techniques. The dimensions, orientation and absolute coordinates of rockfalls for select representative sites were captured using both field based and desktop techniques. The rockfall coordinates were taken at the midpoint of each measured rock using a DGPS, with an accuracy of ~ 2 cm on the x, y and z axis. Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) of Clarens and Molteno Fm. rockfalls was performed successfully using ground-truthed rockfall measurements to guide the creation of segmentation and classification rulesets. Multiple linear regression modelling can be used to model rockfall characteristics from ground-truthing with remotely sensed imagery, albeit to a very limited extent. Elliot Formation rockfalls could not be mapped and analysed mainly due to resolution limitations. Uni- and bi-variate statistics show promise in interpreting rockfall distribution and weighting with environmental variables derived from a DEM and geological vector. Point density analyses found that for the entire GGHNP ~2 and ~4 rockfalls are found per Km² of Clarens and Molteno Formation rockfall areas

碩士<br>世新大學<br>資訊傳播學研究所(含碩專班)<br>99<br>Most of senses comes from the visual,so the aesthetic become important, applications and control how the visual can be produced on the occasion which allows players to feel the world game and style,not just piece together a world.In this world of color, objects, light, atmosphere, etc..., we need to have a degree of rationality, like nature,Follow a certain rule in a generation, but also hope in many similar games style can have different performance. We follow with the golden ratio to construction a visual world, not depand on talent and vision,like the beauty of architecture, engineering methods need to build in above, showing this visual world,we mapping through the golden ratio, like world's buildings and environment, in the visual presentation on the arrangements to have a comfortable sense of beauty. This study is aim at applications golden ratio to aesthetic, we arrangement and construction a visual world with golden ratio, in addition to beauty, golden ratio is the rule to follow in visually.

碩士<br>國立體育學院<br>教練研究所<br>95<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the comprehensive performances of eight female contestants who won the gold medals in the female Taekwondo game of the 15th Asian Games Doha in 2006. The comprehensive performances included attacking styles, major attacking techniques, multiple attacking styles and the highest frequency of attacking techniques, scoring and effective score rate. The result of this study will be able to provide Taiwanese National Taekwondo team for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games with the strategies of the technical training and the competition guidance. The approach of this study adopted observing analysis of video systems. The following outcome of the study resulted from integrating and further quantifying all the data. 1. Four contestants of the 1st, the 2nd, the 5th, and the 7th weights divisions were based on active attacks while three contestants of the 4th, the 6th, and the 8th weights divisions were based on passive attacks; only one contestant of the 3rd weights division was based on both active and passive attacks. 2. Five Contestants of the 1st, the 2nd, the 4th, the 6th and the 8th weights divisions were based on the right back-foot kicks while two contestants of the 3rd and the 7th weights divisions were based on the left back-foot kicks; only one contestant of the 5th weights division was based on the left front-foot kicks. 3. Six Contestants of the 1st, the 2nd, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th, and the 8th weights divisions held the standing position with the left foot at the front and the right foot at the back; one contestant of the 3rd weights division held the standing position with the right foot at the front and the left foot at the back; one contestant of the 7th weights division held both standing positions. 4. Turning kick was still the major attacking technique for all the eight golden medal winners to use and score. 5. The effective score rate of the axe kick was also the high scoring attacking technique in the game.

碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>教練研究所<br>95<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the comprehensive performances of eight female contestants who won the gold medals in the female Taekwondo game of the 15th Asian Games Doha in 2006. The comprehensive performances included attacking styles, major attacking techniques, multiple attacking styles and the highest frequency of attacking techniques, scoring and effective score rate. The result of this study will be able to provide Taiwanese National Taekwondo team for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games with the strategies of the technical training and the competition guidance. The approach of this study adopted observing analysis of video systems. The following outcome of the study resulted from integrating and further quantifying all the data. 1. Four contestants of the 1st, the 2nd, the 5th, and the 7th weights divisions were based on active attacks while three contestants of the 4th, the 6th, and the 8th weights divisions were based on passive attacks; only one contestant of the 3rd weights division was based on both active and passive attacks. 2. Five Contestants of the 1st, the 2nd, the 4th, the 6th and the 8th weights divisions were based on the right back-foot kicks while two contestants of the 3rd and the 7th weights divisions were based on the left back-foot kicks; only one contestant of the 5th weights division was based on the left front-foot kicks. 3. Six Contestants of the 1st, the 2nd, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th, and the 8th weights divisions held the standing position with the left foot at the front and the right foot at the back; one contestant of the 3rd weights division held the standing position with the right foot at the front and the left foot at the back; one contestant of the 7th weights division held both standing positions. 4. Turning kick was still the major attacking technique for all the eight golden medal winners to use and score. 5. The effective score rate of the axe kick was also the high scoring attacking technique in the game.

碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>藝術與造形設計學系碩士班<br>104<br>This thesis investigates the idea of the destroyed figure in the work of two American female artists, Nan Goldin and Cindy Sherman. As a theoretical framework, we use the theory of the gaze to highlight some common themes in their work. Firstly, we discuss how the biographical background and the motives of the two artists influence their creative work. Secondly, we look at the formal aspects of the destroyed figure in their work. Especially in the works they produced in the 1980s we find strong formal elements of destroyed figures. As to the work of Goldin, we study her photographic records of subculture communities. As to Sherman's work, we have a closer look at the phantasmagorical transformation of the female figure. The historical background of our study is the discovery of AIDS in 1981, which left the American society in despair. We will see that both Goldin and Sherman are deeply influenced by the discovery of AIDS, though be it in a very different way. At the end of this thesis we discuss the construction and the deconstruction of the destroyed figure in the work of both artists. We use Laura Mulvey's theory of the male gaze to find out how the figure in the work of Cindy Sherman destroys the gaze's purpose. Laura Mulvey's theory didn't seem sufficient to get a full understanding of the work of Nan Goldin, so new perspectives are needed there. Besides Mulvey, this thesis also involves the thoughts from other feminist thinkers. In Sherman's work we find a fictional world that reveals terror and humour at the same time. The grotesque and the parodic lead to all kinds of unsettling violence in her pictures. Goldin on the other hand gives us an inside into the intimacies of her real life, opening a new perspective on the world and artistic creation. It appears that the worlds of Sherman and Goldin are opposing each other, but it is the wound of the destruction that connects these two artists, as well as the continuous dialogue between the fiction and the real in their work.

The emergence of novel electronic, optical and magnetic properties in ordered two-dimensional (2D) nanoparticle ensembles, due to collective dipolar interactions of surface plasmons or excitons or magnetic moments have motivated intense research efforts into fabricating functional nanostructure assemblies. Such functional assemblies (i.e., highly-integrated and addressable) have great potential in terms of device performance and cost benefits. Presently, there is a paradigm shift from lithography based top-down approaches to bottom-up approaches that use self-assembly to engineer addressable architectures from nanoscale building blocks. The objective of this dissertation was to develop appropriate processing tools that can overcome the common challenges faced in fabricating floating gate memory devices using self-assembled 2D metal nanoparticle arrays as charge storage nodes. The salient challenges being to synthesize monodisperse nanoparticles, develop large scale guided self-assembly processes and to integrate with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) memory device fabrication processes, thereby, meeting the targets of International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) – 2017, for non-volatile memory devices. In the first part of the thesis, a simple and robust process for the formation of wafer-scale, ordered arrays using dodecanethiol capped gold nanoparticles is reported. Next, the results of ellipsometric measurements to analyze the effect of excess ligand on the self-assembly of dodecanethiol coated gold nanoparticles at the air-water interface are discussed. In a similar vein, the technique of drop-casting colloidal solution is extended for tuning the interparticle spacing in the sub-20 nm regime, by altering the ligand length, through thiol-functionalized polystyrene molecules of different molecular weights. The results of characterization, using the complementary techniques of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), of nanoparticle arrays formed by polystyrene thiol (average molecular weight 20,000 g/mol) grafted gold nanoparticles (7 nm diameter) on three different substrates and also using different solvents is then reported. The substrate interactions were found to affect the interparticle spacing in arrays, changing from 20 nm on silicon to 10 nm on a water surface; whereas, the height of the resultant thin film was found to be independent of substrate used and to correlate only with the hydrodynamic diameter of the polymer grafted nanoparticle in solution. Also, the mechanical properties of the nanoparticle thin films were found to be significantly altered by such compression of the polymer ligands. Based on the experimental data, the interparticle spacing and packing structure in these 2D arrays, were found to be controlled by the substrate, through modulation of the disjoining pressure in the evaporating thin film (van der Waals interaction); and by the solvent used for drop casting, through modulation of the hydrodynamic diameter. This is the first report on the ability to vary interparticle spacing of metal nanoparticle arrays by tuning substrate interactions alone, while maintaining the same ligand structure. A process to fabricate arrays with square packing based on convective shearing at a liquid surface induced by miscibility of colloidal solution with the substrate is proposed. This obviates the need for complex ligands with spatially directed molecular binding properties. Fabrication of 3D aggregates of polymer-nanoparticle composite by manipulating solvent-ligand interactions is also presented. In flash memory devices, charges are stored in a floating gate separated by a tunneling oxide layer from the channel, and the tunneling oxide thickness is scaled down to minimize power consumption. However, reduction in tunneling oxide thickness has reached a stage where data loss can occur due to random defects in the oxide. Using metal nanoparticles as charge-trapping nodes will minimize the data loss and enhance reliability by compartmentalizing the charge storage. In the second part of the thesis, a scalable and CMOS compatible process for fabricating next-generation, non-volatile, flash memory devices using the self-assembled 2D arrays of gold nanoparticles as charge storage nodes were developed. The salient features of the fabricated devices include: (a) reproducible threshold voltage shifts measured from devices spread over cm2 area, (b) excellent retention (>10 years) and endurance characteristics (>10000 Program/Erase cycles). The removal of ligands coating the metal nanoparticles using mild RF plasma etching was found, based on FESEM characterization as well as electrical measurements, to be critical in maintaining both the ordering of the nanoparticles and charge storage capacity. Results of Electrostatic Force Microscope (EFM) measurements are presented, corroborating the need for ligand removal in obtaining reproducible memory characteristics and reducing vertical charge leakage. The effect of interparticle spacing on the memory characteristics of the devices was also studied. Interestingly, the arrays with interparticle spacing of the order of nanoparticle diameter (7 nm) gave rise to the largest memory window, in comparison with arrays with smaller (2 nm) or larger interparticle spacing (20 nm). The effect of interparticle spacing and ligand removal on memory characteristics was found to be independent of different top-oxide deposition processes employed in device fabrication, namely, Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF sputtering), Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and electron-beam evaporation. In the final part of the thesis, a facile method for transforming polydisperse citrate capped gold nanoparticles into monodisperse gold nanoparticles through the addition of excess polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules is presented. A systematic study was conducted in order to understand the role of excess ligand (PEG) in enabling size focusing. The size focusing behavior due to PEG coating of nanoparticles was found to be different for different metals. Unlike the digestive ripening process, the presence of PEG was found to be critical, while the thiol functionalization was not needed. Remarkably, the amount of adsorbed carboxylate-PEG mixture was found to play a key role in this process. The stability of the ordered nanoparticle films under vacuum was also reported. The experimental results of particle ripening draw an analogy with the well-established Pechini process for synthesizing metal oxide nanostructures. The ability to directly self-assemble nanoparticles from the aqueous phase in conjunction with the ability to transfer these arrays to any desired substrate using microcontact printing can foster the development of applications ranging from flexible electronics to sensors. Also, this approach in conjunction with roll-to-roll processing approaches such as doctor-blade casting or convective assembly can aid in realizing the goal of large scale nanostructure fabrication without the utilization of organic solvents.

The aim of this work is the qualitative analysis of the new wave of female gaze photographers with a comparison of the female gaze pioneers. For this purpose, there were used photographs by Arvida Bystr​öm​, Petra Collins, Harley Weir, and Cindy Sherman, Nan Goldin, Corinne Day, which were published in fashion magazines such as ​Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, i-D, Dazed, and ​Vice​. The theoretical part examined how female identity has been shaped by western culture and dominant ideology, and how patriarchy paradigm has influenced the visual representation of women in art, pop culture, and advertisement. It is shown through key feminist concepts including Simone De Beauvoir, Betty Friedan, Judith Butler, John Berger, Laura Mulvey, theory of young girl, gagafeminism, and xenofeminism. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to social semiotics analysis of each photograph and the results of this research, which show changes of topics in the female gaze content and the shift to social media-related topics and the virtual representation of women. The work could enrich further research in the field of feminist aesthetics, fashion journalism, photography, advertisement, and social media.

One major lesson derived from the implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) over the past 30 years is that direct regulation is not the only nor the optimal way to protect endangered species on working lands because of an undue burden imposed on private landowners. The role of a voluntary conservation program is to rearrange incentives so that society bears the cost rather than the landowner. Employing a survey research methodology, I used theories of reasoned action and random choice to explore landowners? stated preferences for conservation programs. I found landowners? stated interest in compensation programs to be moderate at best. For those willing to consider programs involving endangered species, associating land management requirements for species conservation with direct benefits to the landowner is important, but perhaps not as important as ensuring that the program provides adequate financial incentives, consideration of the term of the program, and a level of certainty regarding the landowner?s future obligations under the ESA. Landowners are not a homogenous group. I identified two classes of landowners according to preferences for program structure. One group was highly sensitive to program structure, aside from financial incentives, while the other was likely to participate if adequately compensated with financial and technical assistance. These differences related to opinions on endangered species protection and dependence on their land for income. Voluntary incentive programs increasingly are a popular tool to maintain and enhance conservation; however, these programs are only successful insofar as landowners choose to enroll. This research demonstrates that improving recovery efforts on private lands requires program administrators to have a more complete understanding of landowners? views on endangered species and conservation programs in general, as well as their motivations for owning and operating their land. By doing so, programs with broader appeal and greater efficacy can be designed and implemented.

I evaluate four possible approaches the United States may take to address China's practice of undervaluing the renminbi: 1) a challenge under Article XV of the GATT and the associated IMF provisions; 2) countervailing duties; 3) antidumping measures; and 4) safeguard measures. I conclude that the first three approaches are unlikely to succeed; there are a number of legal and political obstacles to the pursuit of these remedies. While the current WTO safeguards regime is likely insufficient, a new safeguards regime can--and should--be developed. I review and critique Dani Rodrik's proposal for a new safeguards regime and set out my own basic blueprint for a significantly expanded safeguards regime, emphasizing that flexibility in the realm of international trade law would help to secure overall stability in international trade itself. In order to be effective shock absorbers, safeguards must become far more flexible.