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Journal articles on the topic 'Golf tournament'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Wapner, Leonard M. "An unexpected characteristic of tournament predictive power." Mathematical Gazette 105, no. 563 (June 21, 2021): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2021.47.

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A tournament is a series of games (matches) among competitors for an overall prize. Beyond sporting events, tournament structure can relate to elections, applicants competing for an employment position, etc. Tournament structure also exists within certain species of birds and mammals where dominance relations develop, forming a tournament-like pecking structure [1]. The format of the tournament depends on the tournament’s objective giving consideration to time, financial, geographical, and other constraints. The two most common formats where players compete pairwise are the single elimination (knockout, sudden death) tournament and the round robin tournament. Our discussion includes both. A third popular format is that of a contest, where all players perform simultaneously only once. Examples of this type include most golf tournaments as well as track and field athletic events. A detailed analysis of contests as they relate to topics discussed here is given in [2].

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2

Tereshchuk, M. V. "The system of world golf ranking among amateur players - WAGR." Physical education of students 18, no. 6 (December 28, 2014): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2014.0613.

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Purpose: justify the particular rating-WAGR and determine its value. Material: More than 40 references, including analysis of 8 protocols of Ukraine competition in golf. Results: The features and significance of the world rankings in golf among amateur players. Displaying ranking tournaments in accordance with the system of WAGR and justified the use of the conversion of the results to determine the specific places the player in the rankings. In Ukraine, held six WAGR-Tournament, the first tournament was held in 2011. Today in the world ranking of amateur players is one player from the Ukraine. Conclusions: It was found that the top-WAGR determines the level of development of the national golf federations and influence in the international arena. For the selection of athletes for the summer Youth Olympic Games is used world-rated golf amateur players (WAGR) among boys and girls.

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3

Downey, James F. "Golf Tournament Concession Management." Hospitality & Tourism Educator 5, no. 4 (October 1993): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23298758.1993.10685521.

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4

Graham, Jeffrey A., Robin L. Hardin, and James Bemiller. "Measuring Economic Impact at a Professional Golf Tournament." Case Studies in Sport Management 6, no. 1 (2017): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2017-0010.

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The News-Sentinel Open presented by Pilot is an event on the Web.com Tour. The Web.com Tour began in 1990 with the name of the Ben Hogan Tour and has transitioned through several title sponsors, taking its current name in June 2012. The tour is the developmental tour for the PGA Tour and the primary means for professional golfers to earn playing privileges on the PGA Tour. Tournaments are 72-hole stroke play events featuring between 144 and 156 golfers. This specific tournament is staged in Knoxville, Tennessee, and is one of only three original tour stops from the inaugural season in 1990. In an effort to measure economic impact in the greater Knoxville area resulting from the tournament weekend, the News-Sentinel Open has commissioned an economic impact study. This case study challenges students to analyze data collected from the economic impact study commissioned by the tour organizers. By engaging with this case study, and its accompanying data and results, students will gain insight into best practices of planning, conducting, and analyzing an ethical economic impact study.

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Humphreys, Brad, and Bernd Frick. "Prize Structure and Performance: Evidence from NASCAR." Economies 7, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7040102.

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The predictions that emerge from tournament theory have been tested in a number of sports-related settings. Since sporting events involving individuals (golf, tennis, running, auto racing) feature rank order tournaments with relatively large payoffs and easily observable outcomes, sports is a natural setting for such tests. In this paper, we test the predictions of tournament theory using a unique race-level data set from NASCAR. Most previous tests of tournament theory using NASCAR data used either season level data or race level data from a few seasons. Our empirical work uses race and driver level NASCAR data for 1114 races over the period 1975–2009. Our results support the predictions of tournament theory: the larger the spread in prizes paid in the race, measured by the standard deviation or interquartile range of prizes paid, the higher the average speed in the race. Our results account for the length of the track, number of entrants, number of caution flags, and unobservable year- and week-level heterogeneity.

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6

Smith, Judith M. "Invitation to British Open Golf Tournament." American Pharmacy 28, no. 4 (April 1988): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(15)31997-8.

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Stigler, Stephen M., and Margaret L. Stigler. "Luck and Skill in Tournament Golf." CHANCE 31, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2018.1522206.

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8

Katori, Yoshikazu. "Outline of Broadcasting Masters Golf Tournament." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 66, no. 8 (2012): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.66.686.

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9

Hendlin, Steven J. "Awe and Trembling in Tournament Golf." Psychotherapy Patient 11, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j358v11n01_12.

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10

Moy, Ronald L., and Thomas Liaw. "Determinants of Professional Golf Tournament Earnings." American Economist 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459804200106.

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This paper examines the structure of the three professional golf tours and the factors that are most important in determining the earnings of professional golfers. The results show that the greater level of competition on the men's tour, relative to the senior and women's tours indicate that a solid well-rounded game is necessary for success on the men's tour. In addition, the weaker level of competition on the women's and senior's tours, coupled with the shorter, less demanding golf courses played on these tours indicates that the seniors and the women can succeed by attaining sound iron games and becoming good putters.

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11

Halaby, Dominique, Benjamin McKay, and Kristen Ruhland. "Economic Impact of a PGA Tournament (McGladrey Classic) on Surrounding Area." Journal of Business and Economics 9, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/08.09.2018/008.

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This study estimated the economic impact of the 2013 McGladrey Classic Golf Tournament (since renamed the RSM Classic) on Glynn County, Georgia. It was held at the Sea Island Golf Club, Seaside Course on Sea Island, Georgia in early November (7th through the 10th). This tournament is one of the stops for the PGA TOUR. The direct impacts were generated from spending from out-of-town visitors. These visitors included spectators, volunteers, title sponsor guests and the staff of the broadcast partner. In order to estimate the total amount of spending related to this event, the research team administered a survey to both volunteers online, prior to the event, and to spectators in person at the event. Additional expenditure data for the Golf Channel staff and McGladrey guests was provided by the Davis Love Foundation, host of this tournament.

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Pilgrim, Jarred, Peter Kremer, and Sam Robertson. "The Self-Regulatory and Task-Specific Strategies of Elite-Level Amateur Golfers in Tournament Preparation." Sport Psychologist 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0056.

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Little is known regarding the factors that are important for tournament preparation in golf. Eighteen elite amateur golfers and 12 expert coaches/practitioners were interviewed to identify the self-regulatory and task-specific strategies important for tournament preparation. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: understanding tournament preparation, planning, tournament preparation strategies, and self-reflection. Players used specific strategies to optimize their physiological and psychological state, develop course strategy, and structure and implement preparatory routines. The findings of this study have implications for coaches and players in developing a system for preparation, and could provide a framework to improve coaching curricula and guide further research.

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Barbero González, Miguel Ángel, and Fernando Peinado Miguel. "La función de ídolo de Jon Rahm en la repercusión mediática del Open de España de Golf 2018." INDEX COMUNICACION 11, no. 01 (January 11, 2021): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33732/ixc/11/01lafunc.

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The 2018 Open de España at Centro Nacional de Golf in Madrid, site of the Real Federación Española de Golf, was the renaissance of o tournament born in 1912. It has been played 91 times but in 2017 it was cancelled due to the absence of sponsorship. This paper is the result of a research made by the three public Universities of Madrid with Journalism programs and show their interest in the game of golf and in the role of golfer Jon Rahm, who brought nearly 50.000 espectators through the week to see him win and put the event on the first line again. In this paper we analize the media impact of the Open, the informative treatment that it had and the new look at golf created; moreover, the influence that the figure of Jon Rahm had as an idol in this new era for a tournament that were in risk of death.

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14

Hickman, Daniel C., Craig Kerr, and Neil Metz. "Rank and Performance in Dynamic Tournaments: Evidence From the PGA Tour." Journal of Sports Economics 20, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 509–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002518794788.

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Using data from the final round of golf tournaments, we analyze the effect of player rank on performance. The identification of varying levels of pressure is possible due to the detailed nature of the data set, which allows us to determine the rank of each player just prior to teeing off on each hole. We find that players in the lead tend to underperform, especially near the very end of the tournament and when the lead is closely contested. We also create a measure to rank individual golfers based on how their performance is affected by high-pressure situations.

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Murray, Andrew D., Roger A. Hawkes, Paul Kelly, Liz Grant, and Nanette Mutrie. "Do golf fans walk the talk? Follow-up of spectators’ beliefs and self-reported physical activity 3 months after they attended a professional golf tournament in the UK." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 2019): e000503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000503.

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BackgroundPrevious research of spectators at professional golf tournaments has highlighted that obtaining exercise/physical activity (PA) can be a motivator to attend, and that spectators can engage in health-enhancing PA while at the event. We assessed whether attending a golf event and receiving an intervention improve knowledge and change attitudes related to physical activity, and self-reported physical activity 3 months later.MethodsFollow-up observational study. Spectators at a European Tour Golf event were given a leaflet about physical activity and health. Three months after that event, we emailed a questionnaire to all 326 spectators who had participated in the original study and provided us their contact details.Results135 spectators (41.4%) completed the questionnaire. Among responders, 68.0% ‘agreed/strongly agreed’ that their knowledge relating to PA had increased, 65.1% agreed/strongly agreed that receiving this information at the event made them consider increasing physical activity in daily life and 40.4% reported that they had increased their physical activity during the 3 months after the golf tournament.Principal findings/conclusionsGolf spectators may contemplate/prepare to increase PA in daily life while a smaller number self-report an increase in PA during the 3 months post intervention at a golf tournament. Spectators’ preferred method for receiving information about ‘active spectating’ is via a big screen. These findings are presented with caution, as respondents may not be representative of all golf spectators.

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KANEKO, Yoshinori, Naoki SUZUKI, Akinobu HARA, and Takeo HIRATA. "Proposal of a New Golf Tournament Model in Japan." Journal of Japan Society of Sports Industry 23, no. 2 (2013): 2_191–2_204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5997/sposun.23.2_191.

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Hudson, Joanne, and Natalie C. Walker. "Metamotivational State Reversals during Matchplay Golf: An Idiographic Approach." Sport Psychologist 16, no. 2 (June 2002): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.16.2.200.

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Using a case study approach, this study examined reversals in metamotivational state during golf competition. Five male golfers competed in a round robin tournament. Following each match, golfers were individually interviewed using a modified Metamotivational State Coding Schedule (Potocky, Cook, & O’Connell, 1993). Content analysis techniques were used to identify metamotivational states, reversals in metamotivational state, and the factors affecting them. Individual differences in metamotivational state profiles were evident; for instance, the tournament winner demonstrated the most consistent profile across matches. Overall, however, players’ profiles demonstrated more similarities than differences. Most frequently cited metamotivational states were paratelic and telic conformity, and reversals were attributable to contingent event, satiation, and frustration factors. These results support reversal theory proposals (Smith & Apter, 1975) and its use as a framework for understanding psychological processes during competitive sport (Kerr, 1993).

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Dickens, Yani L., Judy Van Raalte, and Russell T. Hurlburt. "On Investigating Self-Talk: A Descriptive Experience Sampling Study of Inner Experience During Golf Performance." Sport Psychologist 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0073.

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Although self-talk has been shown to be an effective performance enhancement tool, accessing athletes’ ongoing inner experiences, including self-talk, has proven difficult. This study investigated the feasibility and desirability of using Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) to sample athletes’ inner experiences during competition, thus avoiding potential distortions that arise from retrospective reports and questionnaires. Golfers (N = 10) were trained as DES participants in their natural environments; then their experiences were sampled during a golf tournament. More self-talk occurred during tournament play than in natural environments. Self-talk was a frequent but not ubiquitous component of experience during tournament play, inner-speaking self-talk was six times as frequent as speaking aloud self-talk, and effortful System 2 self-talk was rare. The results of this research demonstrate that DES can be feasibly implemented in sport settings and may be a useful approach for researchers exploring athletes’ inner experiences.

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Simorghi, Saeed, and Mostafa Bakhshandeh. "An Enhanced Mathematical Model in Sports Events Timetabling." Mapta Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MJMIE) 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33544/mjmie.v1i1.21.

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Events such as Olympics, Football World Cup and Golf and Tennis huge tournaments have always drawn the attention from fans and TV viewers. To obtain this attention many factors are involved. One the major reasons to attract fans is the time order of matches. Another factor is that prominent matches must be distributed over a time interval of the tournament. These make a problem which is called "Sport Events Timetabling". This article develops a MIP model to scheduling sport events. In this model, intrinsic constraints of sport events timetabling are considered. For example, it is possible to schedule group matches and matches which plays between two teams, simultaneously. At the end a case study is introduced and solved with the GAMS 9.32 software.

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Heiny, Erik L., and Cody C. Frisby. "An Ordinal Logistic Regression Model for the Masters Golf Tournament." CHANCE 31, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.2018.1522213.

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Lee, Young-Jin, Nam-Sig Kim, and Sang-Won Ha. "Relationship between Golf Tournament Viewing Constraints and Re-visiting Intention." Journal of Tourism Studies 31, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21581/jts.2019.11.31.4.79.

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22

Wu, Xibao, Wenbai Chen, and Weichen Li. "Realization of Humanoid Robot Playing Golf." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2016-0093.

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Abstract Aiming at the golf tournament technical requirements in International Humanoid robot Olympic Game (IHOG), two-freedom-degrees “head & eye” system based on monocular vision robot MF-AI is developed. The new robot equipped with the “head & eye” system can identify the location of the golf ball and the hole, and can measure the distance of the two objects. Experiments show that the two-freedom-degrees “head & eye” system improves the accuracy of hitting the golf ball into the hole. Moreover, the system can identify the target, can calibrate distances, can measure robot’s moving and look for the hole, can adjust the position of the robot and hit the ball effectively.

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Hambrick, Marion E., Tara Q. Mahoney, and Rich Calabrese. "Clicking for a Cause: Using Social Media Campaigns to Drive Awareness for Golf Tournaments and Charitable Organizations." Case Studies in Sport Management 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.1.1.1.

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Sport industry leaders have recognized the popularity of social media; however, some have struggled with quantifying the benefits of such usage (Fisher, 2009). This case explores the potential opportunities social media sites can provide to sport organizations. Golf tournament organizer TampaTourneys, LLC created an administrative Facebook page to keep its Facebook users informed about events. The organization also used the page to promote a cause related marketing campaign benefitting a charitable fundraiser. Partnering with Blackhawk Computers, TampaTourneys initiated a week-long campaign, which encouraged the tournament organizer’s Facebook fans to tell their respective Facebook friends about the fundraiser and become fans of the TampaTourneys Facebook page. In turn, the organization made a monetary donation on behalf of its current and new fans. Based on the campaign’s success, TampaTourneys decided to initiate a second and longer fundraising effort. The case asks students to analyze data collected from the first fundraising campaign and develop a new campaign for the tournament organizer.

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Kshetri, Nir, Brandon Queen, Andreea Schiopu, and Crystal Elmore. "The profile and motivation of golf tournament attendees: an empirical study." Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics 12, no. 2 (April 2009): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2009.10700623.

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Wooten, Marian H., Michael A. Mulvaney, and William F. Higelmire. "Applying a Collaborative Disc Golf Tournament to an Outcome-Based Model." SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education 25, no. 1 (April 2010): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1937156x.2010.11949653.

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Hwang, Jinsoo, and Kwang-Woo Lee. "The antecedents and consequences of golf tournament spectators’ memorable brand experiences." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 9 (September 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.09.001.

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Driggers, Austin R., and Kimitake Sato. "The effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf drive performance in collegiate golfers." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 4 (November 24, 2017): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117743374.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf driving performance. Ten Division-I collegiate golfers completed two resistance training sessions per week for 10 weeks during the fall tournament season. Pre- and post-training assessments of strength-power and golf performance were compared. To assess strength-power, jump height, peak force, and peak power were measured from static and countermovement vertical jumps; peak force and rate of force development from 0 to 250 ms were measured from an isometric mid-thigh pull. Golf performance was assessed in terms of ball launch speed, spin rate, carry yardage, and total yardage, averaged from five shots using a driver. Following training, all measures of strength-power improved, with countermovement jump peak power improving significantly ( p < 0.00625). The golf performance assessment indicated significant increases ( p < 0.0125) in ball speed, carry yardage, and total yardage. These results suggest that vertically oriented resistance training can improve golf driving performance.

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Maas, Kay W., and Cynthia A. Hasbrook. "Media Promotion of the Paradigm Citizen/Golfer: An Analysis of Golf Magazines’ Representations of Disability, Gender, and Age." Sociology of Sport Journal 18, no. 1 (March 2001): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.18.1.21.

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Golf is described as elitist, racist, and sexist. Recently it has become clear that golf is also able-bodiest. Casey Martin, a young, upper class, white, male golfer with a physical disability, was featured in the media for challenging the Professional Golf Association (PGA) rules prohibiting use of a golf cart during tournament play. Drawing on Connell’s (1987) construct of hegemonic masculinity and Wendell’s (1996) notion of the “paradigm citizen” (p. 41), we examine if and how hegemonic masculinity and the paradigm citizen/golfer are reinforced, maintained, and challenged within four issues of major golf magazines and a special golfing issue of Sports Illustrated published around the time of the trial. We find that golfers with disabilities are absent from advertisements and photographs and given minimal attention in articles. Proportions of golfers who are older and women golfers, while generally consistent with subscriber proportions, were well under U.S. golfer population percentages. Data suggest that golf magazines continue to maintain and reinforce hegemonic masculinity and the paradigm citizen/golfer.

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Jastifer, James, and Sarah Roberts. "Patients' Awareness of and Attitudes toward Gifts from Pharmaceutical Companies to Physicians." International Journal of Health Services 39, no. 2 (April 2009): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hs.39.2.j.

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The purpose of this study was to assess patients' awareness of and attitudes toward physicians' receiving gifts from the pharmaceutical industry. The Alger County Community Health Study was a self-report survey targeting rural Alger County, Michigan. The survey (completion rate 10.1%) addressed issues on health, demographics, and patients' awareness of and attitudes toward gifts to physicians. Rates of awareness of gifts were: drug samples, 94 percent; ballpoint pens, 76.2 percent; medical books, 38 percent; conference/travel expenses, 34 percent; dinner out, 36.6 percent; spouse meal at dinner out, 23 percent; golf tournament fees, 19.0 percent. Rates of “approval” of physicians' accepting gifts were: drug samples, 69 percent; ballpoint pens, 54.2 percent; medical books, 49 percent; conference/travel expenses, 14 percent; dinner out, 12.1 percent; spouse meal at dinner out, 7 percent; golf tournament fees, 3.7 percent. Patients' approval of gifts seems to be related to the perceived value of the gift to patients as well as its monetary value. The patient population in the current study seems to be less approving of gifts to physicians than patients surveyed in the 1990s. Patients' opinions should be considered when establishing ethical guidelines and policies regulating physician-industry interaction.

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Coyne, B. S., and Edward J. Coyne. "Getting, keeping and caring for unpaid volunteers for professional golf tournament events." Human Resource Development International 4, no. 2 (January 2001): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678860121999.

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MUMFORD, PETEY W., AARON C. TRIBBY, CHRISTOPHER N. POOLE, VINCENT J. DALBO, AARON T. SCANLAN, JORDAN R. MOON, MICHAEL D. ROBERTS, and KAELIN C. YOUNG. "Effect of Caffeine on Golf Performance and Fatigue during a Competitive Tournament." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48, no. 1 (January 2016): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000753.

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Daddario, Gina, and Brian J. Wigley. "Prejudice, Patriarchy, and the PGA: Defensive Discourse Surrounding the Shoal Creek and Augusta National Controversies." Journal of Sport Management 20, no. 4 (October 2006): 466–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.4.466.

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This study examines the discourse associated with the membership policies at Shoal Creek and Augusta National Golf Clubs. Get-away havens for wealthy White males, these clubs became contested terrains when each was scheduled to host a major golf event: the 1990 PGA Championship at Shoal Creek and the 2003 Masters Tournament at Augusta National. At the time of the events in this study, Shoal Creek had a Whites-only membership policy and Augusta National a male-only policy, which it maintains today. Controversy ensued when the chairs of each club made disparaging comments to the press about these excluded groups. Two parallel areas were considered in our comparative analysis: how the commercial sponsors responded to the controversies, and how the club chairs and their supporters used the rhetorical strategy of apologia to defend themselves and restore the public image of golf. Our analysis reveals the differences in how the cultural constructs of race and gender were negotiated in each case.

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Watanabe, Yasuhiro, Koji Matsumoto, and Haruo Nogawa. "Variables Influencing Spectators’ Desire to Stay at A Professional Golf Tournament In Japan." Contemporary Management Research 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.10974.

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Pilgrim, Jarred, Peter Kremer, and Samuel Robertson. "The development of a tournament preparation framework for competitive golf: A Delphi study." European Journal of Sport Science 18, no. 7 (May 9, 2018): 930–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1469673.

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Hsiung, Wan-Chun, and Pi-Heng Chung. "Exploring the Determinants of Success among Ladies Golfers by DEA-SBM Model." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2014070105.

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Different from previous studies focusing on the skill performance in professional golf, this study utilize the non-oriented SBM model of DEA to evaluate the performance of the Ladies Professional Golf Association Tournament players. DEA is used to assess the overall efficiencies, as well as to conduct slack variable analysis of players' performance in 2008 based on the LPGA official web statistical data. In this study, four inputs (including Average Non-green Shots, Putts Per GIR, Sand Saves, and Average Driving Distance) and two outputs (Scoring Average and Official Money Ranking) are selected as the performance index of LPGA players. The results confirm that the most efficient players are not necessarily the top players on the list of official money ranking but also the lower positions. Inefficient players could advance their games varied by skills in lowering the strokes and raising their earnings as improving range suggested. Skill competencies of professional golf players seemed to be weighted differently and players shall choose the right direction for improvement to advance their career earning efficiently on the tours.

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Meshul, Charles. "Microscopy & Microanalysis '99: From the Local Arrangements Committee Chair." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, no. 5 (October 1998): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927698230509.

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The Local Arrangment Committee (LAC) welcomes attendees to Portland and has put together several social events for the Microscopy & Microanalysis '99 meeting that we hope registrants and their families will enjoy. A list of those events and other happenings in the greater Portland area can be obtained on our web page at: http:// www.ohsu.edu/core. Briefly, for those of you arriving on Saturday and who would like the opportunity to have a taste of the region's award-winning lagers, porters, and stouts that evening, there will be a brew bus tour of several of the local pubs. On Sunday morning, for the golf enthusiast, we are sponsoring the annual golf tournament at the spectacular Skamania Lodge in the heart of the Columbia River Gorge. The course is located right off the Columbia River, in Washington, not far from Portland.

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La Lopa, Joseph M., Kuan-Chou Chen, and Kevin Nelson. "Economic impact of the 1996 Oldsmobile Classic golf tournament in the Greater Lansing area." Journal of Vacation Marketing 4, no. 2 (April 1998): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676679800400208.

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Robertson, Sam, Angus F. Burnett, and Ritu Gupta. "Two tests of approach-iron golf skill and their ability to predict tournament performance." Journal of Sports Sciences 32, no. 14 (April 7, 2014): 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.893370.

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Agrusa, Jerome, and John Tanner. "The economic significance of the 2000 Buy.Com golf tournament on the Lafayette, Louisiana area." Journal of Sport & Tourism 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295390208718714.

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Lee, Young-Jin, and Nam-Sig Kim. "Classification of Viewing Satisfaction of Golf Tournament using Three-factor Model of Customer Satisfaction." Journal of Golf Studies 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34283/ksgs.2018.12.4.61.

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Carroll, Douglas M. "Commercial Programming at a Single-Sport Cable Channel: Strategies and Practices at Golf Channel." International Journal of Sport Communication 2, no. 4 (December 2009): 484–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2.4.484.

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The emergence of single-sport cable channels represents a refinement of the allsports cable-channel concept and a new trend in the televised-sport marketplace. This study analyzed the contents of 24 continuous hours of programming on Golf Channel and tabulated the number and types of advertisements to better understand commercial programming strategies and practices. Commercial programming elements such as spot commercials, spot promotions, sponsored graphics, pop-up promotions, mentions, infomercials, and public service announcements were identified. In addition, commercial programming during live tournament coverage was compared with golf telecasts at 2 broadcast networks and an all-sports cable channel. The study measured 3 indicators of the amount of advertising presented in the telecasts: the number of commercial minutes per hour, the number of advertisements per hour, and the average duration of spot commercials. Results of the study were interpreted in terms of advertising clutter.

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Pope, Devin G., and Maurice E. Schweitzer. "Is Tiger Woods Loss Averse? Persistent Bias in the Face of Experience, Competition, and High Stakes." American Economic Review 101, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 129–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.1.129.

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Although experimental studies have documented systematic decision errors, many leading scholars believe that experience, competition, and large stakes will reliably extinguish biases. We test for the presence of a fundamental bias, loss aversion, in a high-stakes context: professional golfers' performance on the PGA Tour. Golf provides a natural setting to test for loss aversion because golfers are rewarded for the total number of strokes they take during a tournament, yet each individual hole has a salient reference point, par. We analyze over 2.5 million putts using precise laser measurements and find evidence that even the best golfers—including Tiger Woods—show evidence of loss aversion. (JEL D03, D81, L83).

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Watanabe, Yasuhiro, and James J. Zhang. "To stay or not to stay? Japanese spectators’ event-related perspectives on a professional golf tournament." Managing Sport and Leisure 24, no. 4 (May 30, 2019): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1620626.

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Choi, Chul-Hwan, and Chul-Ho Bum. "Comparative Analysis of Attraction Factors and Spectator Satisfaction between Korean Men's and Women's Professional Golf Tournament." Journal of Golf Studies 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34283/ksgs.2020.14.1.7.

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Mumford, Petey W., Aaron C. Tribby, David E. Geddam, Christopher B. Mobley, Mike D. Roberts, Chris N. Poole, Jordan M. Moon, and Kaelin C. Young. "Effects Of Acute Caffeine And B-vitamin Consumption On Golf Performance During A 36-hole Competitive Tournament." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000479143.37767.85.

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Murray, Andrew D., Kieran Turner, Daryll Archibald, Chloe Schiphorst, Steffan Arthur Griffin, Hilary Scott, Roger Hawkes, Paul Kelly, Liz Grant, and Nanette Mutrie. "An observational study of spectators’ step counts and reasons for attending a professional golf tournament in Scotland." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 3, no. 1 (July 2017): e000244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000244.

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Kwak, Kyu-Hoon, and Won-Geun Oh. "A Comparative Analysis of Text Mining in KPGA and KLPGA Professional Golf Tournament Using Social Big Data." Journal of Golf Studies 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34283/ksgs.2020.14.2.2.

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Kim, Junhee, and Kisung Kwon. "Professional Golf Tournament Title Sponsorship Analysis: Focusing on Business Analysis Based on Growth, Profitability, and Stability Categories." Journal of Golf Studies 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.34283/ksgs.2021.15.1.15.

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Pahor, A. L., and J. M. Stansbie. "The Midland Institute of Otology and its Founder: William Stirk Adams (1896–1978)." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 12 (December 1997): 1122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100139519.

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AbstractTo celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the establishment of the Midland Institute of Otology (MIO) a. meeting was held in the Belfry Hotel, West Midlands, 19–21 September 1997. The meeting comprised an excellent academic conference, social events and a golf tournament. A report on the academic conference has been published (Stansbie and Pahor, 1997).The MIO has been established to further the cause of ENT in the Midlands and it has succeeded in its aim to a great extent. An historical overview of the Institute is of interest and would serve perhaps as a model for similar organizations, especially in the provinces.The Institute was the brainchild of William Stirk Adams. He remained the President from the conception of the Institute till his death.It is befitting to present a biography of such a dedicated personality.

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Park, Seul-Gi, and Kwang-Woo Lee. "Investigating the relationships among golf tournament spectator’s memorable brand experience, well-being perception, brand attachment, and revisit intention : Focusing on the moderating role of golf involvement." Korean Journal of Hospitality & Tourism 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24992/kjht.2018.01.27.01.223.

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