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Journal articles on the topic 'Golfe de Cariaco (Venezuela)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Cathcart, Richard Brook. "Solar Thermo-Powered Desalination Fountain-Barge: A Macro-Imagineering NA Venezuela’s Golfo de Cariaco (Fonte-Barcaça de Dessalinização Termo-Alimentada por Energia Solar: Uma Macro-Imagenharia NA, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela)." CALIBRE - Revista Brasiliense de Engenharia e Física Aplicada 3, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/calibre.v3i3.447.

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<p>Based mainly on the Fourier Law valid for parallel material layer temperature gradients, a massive floating seawater desalination macro-project almost entirely covering the Golfo de Cariaco, NE Venezuela, is proposed. The purpose of the geographically-scalable unsinkable <em>Fountain-Barge Desalination Factory</em> (FBDF) formed chiefly of composite metal foam is bulk freshwater production then to be utilized domestically for commercial crop irrigation and urban population maintenance and increase. Brine reject from the huge FBDF could allow 21<sup>st</sup> Century development of a commercial aquaculture industry during a potential local encompassing region BS<sub>w</sub> Koppen Climatic Classification change as well as adjacent southern Caribbean Sea changes [1].</p><p class="-1"><strong>Key words: </strong>Freshwater production, aquaculture industry, solar thermal-powered desalination fountain-barge.</p><p class="-1"><span>===========================================================================</span></p><p>Com fundamento na Lei de Fourier, válida para gradientes de temperatura em camadas paralelas de material, propõe-se um macroprojeto flutuante de dessalinização da água do mar cobrindo quase inteiramente o Golfo de Cariaco, NE Venezuela. O objetivo da <em>Fountain-Barge Desalination Factory</em> (FBDF), geograficamente escalável e formada principalmente de espuma de metal compósito, é a produção de água doce para ser utilizada em residências, em irrigação comercial e demais aplicações da população urbana. A rejeição de salmoura da grande FBDF poderia permitir o desenvolvimento, no século XXI, de uma indústria de aquacultura coetânea à potencial transformação da região de BSw Koppen, assim como às mudanças adjacentes no sul do Caribe [1].</p><p class="-1"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Dessalinização da água do mar, indústria de aquacultura, barcaça-fonte termosolar.</p>

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2

Romero Fereira, Patricia, Dwight Arrieche, Vanessa Acosta, Luis Perez, and Cesar Lodeiros. "Ciclo gametogenico de la ostra Pinctada imbricata en cultivo suspendido en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 45, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue1-fulltext-13.

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3

Márquez-Rojas, Broghtdoom, Evelyn Zoppi de Roa, Luis Troccoli, and Edy Montiel. "Cambios estructurales del mesozooplancton en relación a las condiciones hidrográficas en el golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Biota Colombiana 18, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21068/c2017.v18n01a9.

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4

Márquez-Rojas, Brightdoom Josefina, Luis Tróccoli, and Evelyn Zoppi de Roa. "Variación estacional de la comunidad de copépodos en el sector oriental del golfo de Cariaco, estado Sucre, Venezuela." Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.1.777.

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Los copépodos son el grupo más numeroso del zooplancton en los sistemas costeros tropicales; ellos se ven afectados principalmente por los gradientes de salinidad, como ocurre en el sector oriental del golfo de Cariaco. El propósito de este estudio fue estudiar las variaciones temporales y espaciales de la estructura de la comunidad de copépodos durante junio, julio, agosto y septiembre de 2009 (época de lluvia) y octubre, noviembre y diciembre de 2009 y enero de 2010 (época de sequía). Las muestras se recolectaron con una red estándar de zooplancton de 60 cm de diámetro con una malla de 330 μm a nivel superficial. La temperatura, salinidad y oxígeno disuelto se tomaron in situ con una sonda multiparamétrica (YSI). La salinidad presentó una marcada variabilidad mensual, con valores entre 32,5 ± 1,56 y 38,5 ± 0.25 UPS en las épocas de lluvia y sequía, respectivamente. Se identificó un total de 45 taxones de copépodos y Acartia tonsa fue la especie más representativa durante todo el estudio, seguido por Temora turbinata, Paracalanus quasimodo, Subeucalanus subcrassus y S. subtenuis. El presente estudio no mostró un claro patrón estacional en la abundancia, diversidad y la uniformidad de la comunidad de copépodos y los valores de salinidad; por lo tanto, puede considerarse espacialmente uniforme y estacionalmente homogéneo en relación a estos parámetros.

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Acosta, Vanessa, María E. Glem, Yolimar Natera, Trinidad Urbano, John H. Himmelman, Manuel Rey-Méndez, and César Lodeiros. "Differential Growth of the MusselsPerna pernaandPerna viridis(Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Suspended Culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 40, no. 2 (April 2009): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2009.00245.x.

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6

Vélez, Anibal, Luis Freites, John H. Himmelman, William Senior, and Nellys Marín. "Growth of the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac, in bottom and suspended culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Aquaculture 136, no. 3-4 (November 1995): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01055-6.

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7

Lodeiros, César J. M., and John H. Himmelman. "Identification of factors affecting growth and survival of the tropical scallop Euvola (Pecten) ziczac in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Aquaculture 182, no. 1-2 (February 2000): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00245-8.

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8

Herrera-Reveles, Ana Teresa, Mairin Lemus, and Baumar Marín. "Crecimiento somático y relación ARN/ADN en estadios juveniles de Eucinostomus argenteus (Pisces: Gerreidae) en dos localidades del Caribe de Venezuela." Revista de Biología Tropical 60 (June 25, 2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v46i3.19855.

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Con la finalidad de evaluar la asociación de índices de crecimiento en estadios tempranos de peces marinos, se estimó la tasa de crecimiento somático y las condiciones fisiológicas de <em>Eucinostomus argenteus</em> en dos zonas del nor-oriente venezolano: Bahía de Mochima y Golfo de Cariaco. La edad y el crecimiento fueron estimados basados en análisis de otolitos sagitta. Las condiciones fisiológicas fueron evaluadas por medio de las concentraciones de proteínas y la relación ARN/ADN, empleando técnicas espectofotométricas y fluorométricas sobre tejido muscular. Las relaciones entre tallas con la edad y el diámetro de los otolitos resultaron positivas, significativas y ajustadas a un modelo de regresión lineal. Los valores de la tasa de crecimiento reciente oscilaron entre 0.178 y 0.418mm día-1, la tasa de crecimiento retrocalculado varió entre 0.295 y 0.393mm día-1, y la tasa ARN/ADN osciló entre 1.65 y 6.97. No se registraron diferencias entre las zonas de estudio, sin embargo se reportaron diferencias entre localidades. A pesar de no encontrarse correlación entre la tasa de crecimiento y la relación ARN/ADN, los valores reportados sugieren crecimiento positivo de los individuos silvestres en las localidades evaluadas. No obstante, ciertas localidades mostraron valores que indican pobres condiciones nutricionales, pudiendo afectarse a futuro otras tasas vitales.

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Lodeiros, César J., and John H. Himmelman. "Relations among environmental conditions and growth in the tropical scallop Euvola (Pecten) ziczac (L.) in suspended culture in the Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Aquaculture 119, no. 4 (February 1994): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90299-2.

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Perez, Eileen, Cesar Lodeiros, Dulce Semidey, Eduardo Uribe, and Luis Freites. "Crecimiento, supervivencia e influencia de factores ambientales en tres cohortes de la ostra perla Pinctada imbricata, en cultivo suspendido en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 44, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol44-issue1-fulltext-10.

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11

Marquez, Arístides, Andrew Dale, Luis Troccoli Ghinaglia, Fabiola López Monroy, William Senior, Aida Ríos, Frank Muller Karger, Yrene Astor, and Ramón Varela. "Carbon regeneration in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 65, no. 1 (March 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592017121406501.

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Abstract The carbon regeneration in the water column of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) was investigated using a regression model of total alkalinity (TA) and the concentration of total inorganic carbon (TCO2). Primary productivity (PP) was determined from the inorganic carbon fraction assimilated by phytoplankton and the variation of the 22 and 23ºC isotherm was used as an indicator of coastal upwelling. The results indicate that CO2 levels were lowest (1962 µmol/kg) at the surface and increased to 2451 µmol/kg below the oxic-anoxic redox interface. The vertical regeneration distribution of carbon was dominated (82%) by organic carbon originating from the soft tissue of photosynthetic organisms, whereas 18% originated from the dissolution of biogenic calcite. The regeneration of organic carbon was highest in the surface layer in agreement with the primary productivity values. However, at the oxic-anoxic interface a second more intense maximum was detected (70-80%), generated by chemotrophic respiration of organic material by microorganisms. The percentages in the anoxic layers were lower than in the oxic zone because aerobic decomposition occurs more rapidly than anaerobic respiration of organic material because more labile fractions of organic carbon have already been mineralized in the upper layers.

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Thunell, Robert C., Daniel M. Sigman, Frank Muller-Karger, Yrene Astor, and Ramon Varela. "Nitrogen isotope dynamics of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gb002185.

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13

González, Jorge, Michael Schmitz, Franck Audemard, Rommel Contreras, Antoine Mocquet, Jesús Delgado, and Feliciano De Santis. "Site effects of the 1997 Cariaco, Venezuela earthquake." Engineering Geology 72, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 143–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2003.07.002.

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Hughen, Konrad A., and Timothy J. Heaton. "Updated Cariaco Basin 14C Calibration Dataset from 0–60 cal kyr BP." Radiocarbon 62, no. 4 (August 2020): 1001–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.53.

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ABSTRACTWe present new updates to the calendar and radiocarbon (14C) chronologies for the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela. Calendar ages were generated by tuning abrupt climate shifts in Cariaco Basin sediments to those in speleothems from Hulu Cave. After the original Cariaco-Hulu calendar age model was published, Hulu Cave δ18O records have been augmented with increased temporal resolution and a greater number of U/Th dates. These updated Hulu Cave records provide increased accuracy as well as precision in the final Cariaco calendar age model. The depth scale for the Ocean Drilling Program Site 1002D sediment core, the primary source of samples for 14C dating, has been corrected to account for missing sediment from a core break, eliminating age-depth anomalies that afflicted the earlier calendar age models. Individual 14C dates for the Cariaco Basin remain unchanged from previous papers, although detailed comparisons of the Cariaco calibration dataset to those from Hulu Cave and Lake Suigetsu suggest that the Cariaco marine reservoir age may have shifted systematically during the past. We describe these recent changes to the Cariaco datasets and provide the data in a comprehensive format that will facilitate use by the community.

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Rodriguez-Mora, Maria J., Virginia P. Edgcomb, Craig Taylor, Mary I. Scranton, Gordon T. Taylor, and Andrei Y. Chistoserdov. "The Diversity of Sulfide Oxidation and Sulfate Reduction Genes Expressed by the Bacterial Communities of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Open Microbiology Journal 10, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801610010140.

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Qualitative expression of dissimilative sulfite reductase (dsrA), a key gene in sulfate reduction, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (sqr), a key gene in sulfide oxidation was investigated. Neither of the two could be amplified from mRNA retrieved with Niskin bottles but were amplified from mRNA retrieved by the Deep SID. Thesqrandsqr-like genes retrieved from the Cariaco Basin were related to thesqrgenes from aBradyrhizobiumsp.,Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum,Sulfurovumsp. NBC37-1,Sulfurimonas autotrophica, Thiorhodospira sibiricaandChlorobium tepidum. ThedsrAgene sequences obtained from the redoxcline of the Cariaco Basin belonged to chemoorganotrophic and chemoautotrophic sulfate and sulfur reducers belonging to the class Deltaproteobacteria (phylum Proteobacteria) and the order Clostridiales (phylum Firmicutes).

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Orsi, William, Virginia Edgcomb, Jose Faria, Wilhelm Foissner, William H. Fowle, Tine Hohmann, Paula Suarez, et al. "Class Cariacotrichea, a novel ciliate taxon from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_6 (June 1, 2012): 1425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.034710-0.

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The majority of environmental micro-organisms identified with the rRNA approach have never been visualized. Thus, their reliable classification and taxonomic assignment is often difficult or even impossible. In our preliminary 18S rRNA gene sequencing work from the world’s largest anoxic marine environment, the Cariaco Basin (Caribbean Sea, Venezuela), we detected a ciliate clade, designated previously as CAR_H [Stoeck, S., Taylor, G. T. & Epstein, S. S. (2003). Appl Environ Microbiol 63, 5656–5663]. Here, we combine the traditional rRNA detection method of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confirm the phylogenetic separation of the CAR_H sequences from all other ciliate classes by showing an outstanding morphological feature of this group: a unique, archway-shaped kinety surrounding the oral apparatus and extending to the posterior body end in CAR_H cells. Based on this specific feature and the molecular phylogenies, we propose a novel ciliate class, Cariacotrichea nov. cl.

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17

Mendoza, C. "Rupture history of the 1997 Cariaco, Venezuela, earthquake from teleseismic P waves." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 1555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011278.

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18

Romero, Oscar E., Robert C. Thunell, Yrene Astor, and Ramon Varela. "Seasonal and interannual dynamics in diatom production in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56, no. 4 (April 2009): 571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.005.

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MARTINEZ, N., R. MURRAY, R. THUNELL, L. PETERSON, F. MULLERKARGER, Y. ASTOR, and R. VARELA. "Modern climate forcing of terrigenous deposition in the tropics (Cariaco Basin, Venezuela)." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 264, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2007): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.002.

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20

Montes, E., M. A. Altabet, F. E. Muller-Karger, M. I. Scranton, R. C. Thunell, C. Benitez-Nelson, L. Lorenzoni, and Y. M. Astor. "Biogenic nitrogen gas production at the oxic–anoxic interface in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-267-2013.

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Abstract. Excess nitrogen gas (N2xs) was measured in samples collected at six locations in the eastern and western sub-basins of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, in September 2008 (non-upwelling conditions) and March 2009 (upwelling conditions). During both sampling periods, N2xs concentrations were below detection in surface waters, increasing to ~ 22 μmol N kg−1 at the oxic–anoxic interface ([O2] < ~ 4 μmol kg−1, ~ 250 m). Below the oxic–anoxic interface (300–400 m), the average concentration of N2xs was 24.7 ± 1.9 μmol N kg−1 in September 2008 and 27.5 ± 2.0 μmol N kg−1 in March 2009, i.e., N2xs concentrations within this depth interval were ~ 3 μmol N kg−1 higher (p < 0.001) during the upwelling season compared to the non-upwelling period. These results suggest that N-loss in the Cariaco Basin may vary seasonally in response to changes in the flux of sinking particulate organic matter. We attribute the increase in N2xs concentrations, or N-loss, observed during upwelling to: (1) higher availability of fixed nitrogen derived from suspended and sinking particles at the oxic–anoxic interface and/or (2) enhanced ventilation at the oxic–anoxic interface during upwelling.

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Montes, E., M. A. Altabet, F. E. Muller-Karger, M. I. Scranton, R. C. Thunell, C. Benitez-Nelson, L. Lorenzoni, and Y. M. Astor. "Biogenic nitrogen gas production at the oxic-anoxic interface in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2012): 10551–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-10551-2012.

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Abstract. Excess nitrogen gas (excess N2) was measured in samples collected at six locations in the eastern and western sub-basins of the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, in September 2008 (non-upwelling conditions) and March 2009 (upwelling conditions). During both sampling periods, excess N2 concentrations were below detection in surface waters, increasing to ~22 μmol N kg−1 at the oxic-anoxic interface ([O2] < ~ 4 μmol N kg−1, ~250 m). Below the oxic-anoxic interface (300–400 m), the average concentration of excess N2 was 24.7 ± 1.9 μmol N kg−1 in September 2008 and 27.5 ± 2.0 μmol N kg−1 in March 2009, i.e., excess N2 concentrations within this depth interval were ~ 3 μmol N kg−1 higher (p < 0.001) during the upwelling season compared to the non-upwelling period. These results suggest that N-loss in the Cariaco Basin may vary seasonally in response to changes in the flux of sinking particulate organic matter. We attribute the increase in excess N2 concentrations, or N-loss, observed during upwelling to: (1) higher availability of fixed nitrogen derived from suspended and sinking particles at the oxic-anoxic interface and/or (2) enhanced ventilation at the oxic-anoxic interface during upwelling.

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Wagner, Amy J., Thomas P. Guilderson, Niall C. Slowey, and Julia E. Cole. "Pre-Bomb Surface Water Radiocarbon of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean as Recorded in Hermatypic Corals." Radiocarbon 51, no. 3 (2009): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200034020.

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Radiocarbon measurements of hermatypic corals from 4 sites in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and Caribbean Sea were made to estimate the marine 14C reservoir age (R) and the marine regional correction (ΔR) for this region. Coral skeletal material from the Flower Garden Banks (northern GOM continental shelf), Veracruz, Mexico, and 2 reefs from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, were analyzed. Annual and subannual samples from 1945–1955 were milled and 14C composition was determined. In the Gulf of Mexico, average coral Δ14C is −52.6 ± 0.7‰ and average Δ14C for the Cariaco Basin corals is −53.4 ± 0.8‰. Average values for the marine reservoir age and ΔR are computed with this data and compared with results derived from previous measurements made in the same regions. These values are important in calibrating the 14C ages of carbonate samples from the area.

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Escalona, Alejandro, Paul Mann, and Martha Jaimes. "Miocene to recent Cariaco basin, offshore Venezuela: Structure, tectonosequences, and basin-forming mechanisms." Marine and Petroleum Geology 28, no. 1 (January 2011): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.04.001.

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Peterson, L. C., J. T. Overpeck, N. G. Kipp, and J. Imbrie. "A high-resolution Late Quaternary upwelling record from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Paleoceanography 6, no. 1 (February 1991): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90pa02497.

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Montes, Enrique, Robert Thunell, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Laura Lorenzoni, Eric Tappa, Luis Troccoli, Yrene Astor, and Ramón Varela. "Sources of δ15N variability in sinking particulate nitrogen in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 93 (September 2013): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.006.

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López, Oscar A., Julio J. Hernández, Gianina Del Re, José Puig, and Luis Espinosa. "Reducing Seismic Risk of School Buildings in Venezuela." Earthquake Spectra 23, no. 4 (November 2007): 771–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2791000.

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School buildings have frequently collapsed during earthquakes. The 1997 Cariaco earthquake led to the ruin of four reinforced concrete school buildings that were built several years ago. Failures were the result of structural deficiencies: short columns and low lateral strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. Seventy percent of Venezuelan schools are in high-hazard regions; about 1,000 are similar to the collapsed schools. With the purpose of developing a national risk-reduction program, the expected seismic performance of two typical schools was evaluated: one representing schools built 50 years ago (Old-type) and one representing schools built 20–30 years ago (Box-type). These were analyzed utilizing nonlinear pushover techniques and compared with the inventory of schools in Venezuela. Old-type schools were found to need retrofitting in moderate- and above-seismic zones, and Box-type schools in higher zones. Practical retrofitting is achieved with the addition of auxiliary structures to support the seismic loads, leaving the existing structures to support only the gravity loads. This effort has led to a national program. The initial phase, surveying approximately 28,000 existing schools, has begun.

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Hernandez, G., T. Rossi, J. F. Stephan, and R. Blanchet. "Etude géologique de la Serrania del Interior Oriental (Venezuela) sur le transect Cariaco-Maturin." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1987001.

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Astor, Y. M., L. Lorenzoni, L. Guzman, G. Fuentes, F. Muller-Karger, R. Varela, M. Scranton, G. T. Taylor, and R. Thunell. "Distribution and variability of the dissolved inorganic carbon system in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Marine Chemistry 195 (October 2017): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.08.004.

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Baumbach, Michael, Helmut Grosser, Gloria Romero Torres, Jorge L. Rojas Gonzales, Monika Sobiesiak, and Wolfgang Welle. "Aftershock pattern of the July 9, 1997 Mw=6.9 Cariaco earthquake in Northeastern Venezuela." Tectonophysics 379, no. 1-4 (February 2004): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2003.10.018.

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Marshall, Brittney J., Robert C. Thunell, Howard J. Spero, Michael J. Henehan, Laura Lorenzoni, and Yrene Astor. "Morphometric and stable isotopic differentiation of Orbulina universa morphotypes from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Marine Micropaleontology 120 (October 2015): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.08.001.

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Hughen, Konrad A., Jonathan T. Overpeck, Larry C. Peterson, and Robert F. Anderson. "The nature of varved sedimentation in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, and its palaeoclimatic significance." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 116, no. 1 (1996): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.116.01.15.

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Lorenzoni, Laura, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, Robert C. Thunell, David Hollander, Ramón Varela, Yrene Astor, Franck A. Audemard, and Frank E. Muller-Karger. "Potential role of event-driven sediment transport on sediment accumulation in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Marine Geology 307-310 (April 2012): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.12.009.

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Aycard, Mylène, Sylvie Derenne, Claude Largeau, Thierry Mongenot, Nicolas Tribovillard, and François Baudin. "Formation pathways of proto-kerogens in Holocene sediments of the upwelling influenced Cariaco Trench, Venezuela." Organic Geochemistry 34, no. 6 (June 2003): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(03)00058-5.

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34

Tedesco, K. A. "SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS IN PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL FLUX AND ASSEMBLAGE COMPOSITION IN THE CARIACO BASIN, VENEZUELA." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/33.3.192.

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Elmore, Aurora C., Robert C. Thunell, Richard Styles, David Black, Richard W. Murray, Nahysa Martinez, and Yrene Astor. "Quantifying the seasonal variations in fluvial and eolian sources of terrigenous material to Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 27, no. 2-3 (February 2009): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.002.

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Audemard, Franck A. "Surface rupture of the Cariaco July 09, 1997 earthquake on the El Pilar fault, northeastern Venezuela." Tectonophysics 424, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.04.018.

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37

Tedesco, Kathy, Robert Thunell, Yrene Astor, and Frank Muller-Karger. "The oxygen isotope composition of planktonic foraminifera from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal and interannual variations." Marine Micropaleontology 62, no. 3 (February 2007): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.08.002.

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38

Martinez, N. C., R. W. Murray, R. C. Thunell, L. C. Peterson, F. Muller-Karger, L. Lorenzoni, Y. Astor, and R. Varela. "Local and regional geochemical signatures of surface sediments from the Cariaco Basin and Orinoco Delta, Venezuela." Geology 38, no. 2 (February 2010): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g30487.1.

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39

Guzmán, Laurencia, Ramón Varela, Frank Muller-Karger, and Laura Lorenzoni. "Bio-optical characteristics of a red tide induced by Mesodinium rubrum in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Journal of Marine Systems 160 (August 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.015.

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40

Gill, Richardson B., Paul A. Mayewski, Johan Nyberg, Gerald H. Haug, and Larry C. Peterson. "DROUGHT AND THE MAYA COLLAPSE." Ancient Mesoamerica 18, no. 2 (2007): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536107000193.

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AbstractBetween a.d. 760 and 930, millions of Maya disappeared from the Earth. We examine changes in the physical environment in which the Maya lived. The ice-core evidence from Greenland indicates that around the time of the Maya Collapse, a minimum in solar insolation and a low in solar activity occurred, accompanied by severe cold and dryness over Greenland, indicating hemispheric climatic conditions propitious for drought in the Maya Lowlands. In the northeastern Caribbean, sea-surface salinity (SSS) was lowered. The most severe drought of the past 7,000 years devastated the Yucatan Peninsula. Large Maya cities collapsed in four phases of abandonment spaced about fifty years apart around a.d. 760, 810, 860, and 910. A new core taken from Lake Chichancanab in Quintana Roo shows three peak episodes of brutal drought within a 150- to 200-year drought. A marine core from the Cariaco Basin off Venezuela precisely dates four severe drought episodes to 760, 810, 860, and 910, coincident with the four phases of abandonment of cities. The long-term drought appears to have lasted from 760 to 930 in the Cariaco Basin. The climatic changes were the most drastic the Maya had faced in the preceding 1,500 years and the most severe of the preceding 7,000 years.

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Benitez-Nelson, Claudia R., Lauren P. O'Neill Madden, Renée M. Styles, Robert C. Thunell, and Yrene Astor. "Inorganic and organic sinking particulate phosphorus fluxes across the oxic/anoxic water column of Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Marine Chemistry 105, no. 1-2 (April 2007): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.007.

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42

Bashirullah, A., and L. C. Centeno. "Communities of metazoan parasites in eight species of haemulong (fam: haemulidae) in the Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80863-5.

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43

Bout-Roumazeilles, V., A. Riboulleau, E. Armynot du Châtelet, L. Lorenzoni, N. Tribovillard, R. W. Murray, F. Müller-Karger, and Y. M. Astor. "Clay mineralogy of surface sediments as a tool for deciphering river contributions to the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela)." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 118, no. 2 (February 2013): 750–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20079.

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44

Montes, Enrique, Frank Muller-Karger, Robert Thunell, David Hollander, Yrene Astor, Ramón Varela, Inia Soto, and Laura Lorenzoni. "Vertical fluxes of particulate biogenic material through the euphotic and twilight zones in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 67 (September 2012): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.05.005.

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45

Werne, Josef P., and David J. Hollander. "Balancing supply and demand: controls on carbon isotope fractionation in the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) Younger Dryas to present." Marine Chemistry 92, no. 1-4 (December 2004): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.031.

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46

Wejnert, Katherine E., Robert C. Thunell, and Yrene Astor. "Comparison of species-specific oxygen isotope paleotemperature equations: Sensitivity analysis using planktonic foraminifera from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Marine Micropaleontology 101 (May 2013): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.03.001.

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47

Lorenzoni, Laura, Robert C. Thunell, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson, David Hollander, Nahysa Martinez, Eric Tappa, Ramón Varela, Yrene Astor, and Frank E. Muller-Karger. "The importance of subsurface nepheloid layers in transport and delivery of sediments to the eastern Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56, no. 12 (December 2009): 2249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.08.001.

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48

Oxburgh, Rachel, Anne-Catherine Pierson-Wickmann, Laurie Reisberg, and Sidney Hemming. "Climate-correlated variations in seawater 187Os/188Os over the past 200,000 yr: Evidence from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 263, no. 3-4 (November 2007): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.08.033.

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Aguilera, Orangel, and Dione Rodrigues de Aguilera. "An exceptional coastal upwelling fish assemblage in the Caribbean Neogene." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 3 (May 2001): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000039767.

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We report the discovery of an extremely rich, previously undescribed Caribbean late Miocene to early Pliocene ichthyofauna represented by one hundred forty species of elasmobranchs and teleosteans from the Cubagua Formation, northeastern Venezuela. The fauna exhibits significant ecological differences compared with common neritic Caribbean Neogene assemblages. The bathymetric distributions of taxa, based on living counterparts, ranges from 0 to 100 m depth. The exceptional co-occurrence of deep water (epipelagic, mesopelagic and benthopelagic), and shallow water (neritic) taxa is best interpreted as the consequence of ocean upwelling in the proximity to the deep-water Cariaco Trench. Patterns of predator and prey are established and corroborate upwelling. Special remarks are made regarding previously unknown late Miocene to early Pliocene Caribbean ichthyofaunas, the absence or rarity of reported fossil taxa in the Recent Caribbean fauna, and a paleo- upwelling indicator (Lampadena jacksoninew species).

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Thunell, Robert, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Frank Muller-Karger, Laura Lorenzoni, Kent Fanning, Mary Scranton, Ramon Varela, and Yrene Astor. "Si cycle in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal variability in silicate availability and the Si:C:N composition of sinking particles." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007gb003096.

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