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1

McGrew, W. C. "Goodall and Gombe." Nature 323, no. 6091 (October 1986): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/323765a0.

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Merrill, Michelle. "When in Gombe..." American Scientist 93, no. 5 (2005): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2005.55.472.

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MELAH, GS, AU EL-NAFATY, AA MASSA, and BM AUDU. "Obstructed labour: a public health problem in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 23, no. 4 (January 2003): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610310001119510.

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McGrew, W. C. "The hero of Gombe." Nature 443, no. 7114 (October 2006): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/443915a.

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Stewart, Kelly J. "The chimpanzees of Gombe." Neuropsychologia 25, no. 6 (January 1987): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(87)90109-6.

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6

Kinafa, A. U., M.B. Mohammed, and A. Abdulkadir. "LOGISTIC REGRESSION ON THE PRIMIPARAL AGE OF WOMEN IN GOMBE, GOMBE STATE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 7 (March 20, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i7.2018.254.

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Failure of women to undergo a successful first child delivery is becoming one of the most challenging problem and a major concern to most of our healthcare providers. In this paper, we apply the binary logistic regression analysis to investigate whether age of women at first birth have a relationship with the outcome of their delivery (Success or failure). The data was collected from Gombe Town Maternity and was subjected to analysis. From the result of the analysis, we observed that most of the women at tender age (12-17) are classified to fail (69%) during their first child delivery while most of the women at higher age (19 and above) have a better chance of succeeding during their first parturition. Also, the result shows that the average age at which women ought to conceive successfully is 19 years. The Wald statistics result also shows that the logistic regression model fits the data very well.
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Hashidu, Bala Rabiu, and Bibi Umar Muhammed. "Road Transport Development and Urban Growth in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 7, no. 1 (June 9, 2018): 2675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.362.

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8

Olanrewaju, Abiodun, Nurudeen Mohammed AbdulKareem, and Isiaka O. Raheem. "ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE LEVEL IN BLACKSMITHING WORKSHOP IN GOMBE, GOMBE STATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 4 (June 11, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-270.

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Measurement of terrestrial background ionizing radiation of blacksmith workshops of Gombe State, Nigeria was carried out using well-calibrated Geiger-Muller counter meters and a meter tape. The measured average exposure rate of two line-sections are 0.018±0.002 and 0.017±0.002 mRh-1. Estimated equivalent dose rates for the two line-sections are 1.50 and 1.45 mSvy-1. The average absorbed dose rates estimated in line-section one and line-section two are 154.94 and 149.97 nGyh-1 respectively. Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) of 0.48 mSvy-1 was obtained for outdoor exposure in line-section one while in line-section two, AEDE was 0.23 mSvy-1. The calculated mean excess lifetime cancer risk values for the blacksmith workshop sections are 0.83x 10-3 and 0.80 x 10-3. The obtained values for background ionizing radiation in the line-sections of blacksmith workshop were above the recommended standard limit by ICRP while the absorbed doses (D) were above the recommended value and AEDE calculated in two line-sections of blacksmithing workshops were within the safe values this implies that blacksmithing activities in these areas may not influence the doses received by public. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) estimated were higher than their world permissible values of 0.29 x 10-3 respectively. The calculated dose to organs showed that the testes have the highest organ dose of 0.153 mSvy-1while liver has the lowest organ dose of 0.086 mSvy-1. This result shows that exposure to
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9

Ogidi, Ogidi A., Danja B.A., Mausul Umar, and Kawuwa Bakari. "Determination Of Heavy Metals In Soils At Gombe Town, Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.09.2020.p10575.

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Musa, Babangida, Fada Abiah, and Charles Kwaskebe. "Effects of Grant Financing on SME’s Working Capital and Product Development in Gombe State." International Journal of Advanced Studies in Business Strategies and Management 8, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijasbsm.v8.i1.08.

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This study examined the effects of grant financing on SMEs working capital and product development in Gombe State. The study used the after-only experimental design to reach to 162 beneficiaries of the federal government’s YouWin program from Gombe state. The retrieved questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. The hypotheses of the study were tested using simple linear regression. The research revealed that grant financing has no significant effect on working capitalof SMEs in Gombe State. The studies also revealed that grant finance has significant effect on product development of SMEs in Gombe State. Therefore, it was recommended that entrepreneurs should ensure that future grants are utilized to boost working capitals of their businesses, and also in the development of their products and services.
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11

Stark-Rodenburg, Malissa. "Revisiting a tragedy at Gombe." Science 360, no. 6384 (April 5, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aas9266.

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12

Caiaphas Makadi, Yila, Abecca Stephen Sati, and Ismail Dankaka. "Geospatial Distribution of Public Secondary in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State of Nigeria." International Journal on Research in STEM Education 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijrse.v1i1.59.

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The paper reviews research tradition of accessibility level and spatial distribution of student in public secondary school in gombe local government area, Gombe state. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and a hand-held GPS receiver to capture the coordinate points of schools and other relevant data. Secondary data include administrative map, population figures of both students and Teachers, Names and addresses of the secondary schools in the study area. The data were analyzed using geographic information techniques. From the data survey carried out, the result of the analysis showed the accessibility level and spatial distribution of school in Gombe were seventeen (17) public senior secondary and total number of students were nineteen thousand and eleven (19,011). The nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of school were carried out based on each ward in study area which as ten (10) wards in each ward revealed two major spatial distributions. The spatial pattern of the Gombe LGA has Nearest Neighbour Ratio (NNR): 3.385087, Bolari East ward with NNR: 3.385087 and Shamaki wards NNR: 1.600148, which showed dispersed pattern, while Jekada Fari ward with NNR: 0.214890, Pantami ward with NNR: 0.226863, and Herwo Gana wards with NNR: 0.185239, were showed clustered pattern. The nearest neighbor index shows clustered pattern for all the wards in the local government area except Bolari East and Shamaki wards that has dispersed pattern of distribution. The implication of these two patterns means that accessibility is poor in the study area. Students travel than normal to overcome the function of distance.
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Abdullahi, Saleh, Adamu Ya'u, Alkali Haruna Abubakar, Hamidu Kubra, and Ya’u Shuaib. "Economics of Small-scale Sheep Marketing in Gombe Metropolitan Livestock Markets Gombe State, Nigeria." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v10i12018p103.

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14

K, L. Adang, L. Kela S, and Sale S. "Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at Gombe township abattoir, Gombe State, Nigeria." Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 7, no. 7 (July 31, 2015): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2015.0305.

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Abdullahi, Saleh, Kolo Abdulwahab, and Garba Sadiq Abubakar. "Gross Margin Analysis of Modern Groundnut Oil Extraction in Gombe Metropolis Gombe State, Nigeria." World Journal of Agricultural Research 5, no. 2 (August 26, 2017): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/wjar-5-2-1.

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A, Wasa. "Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Undergraduate Students of Gombe State University, Gombe." IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 6, no. 6 (2013): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3008-0662427.

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17

Grema, HA, A. Suleiman, JL Rabana, and YA Geidam. "A six year (2005-2010) retrospective study of avian coccidiosis diagnosed in Gombe veterinary clinic, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 12, no. 2 (September 5, 2014): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v12i2.2.

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Chicken Coccidiosis remains one of the major diseases of concern in the poultry production enterprise in Nigeria. A six year retrospective study to establish the prevalence of chicken Coccidiosis (CC) in relation to other poultry diseases diagnosed at the Veterinary Clinic Gombe was conducted. CC occurred year round with high prevalence during the rainy season (July-September). Incidence of CC was 1.7 more likely to occur in November. CC is endemic with higher prevalence during the rainy season in Gombe. Farmers should adhere to routine chemoprophylaxis and avoid factors of predisposition to coccidiosis especially during the rainy season.Keywords: Avian coccidiosis, Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria, Retrospective prevalence, Seasonality
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18

H., H. Ray, and Danladi Aliyu. "Socio-economic effect of gully erosion on land use in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria." Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 7, no. 5 (July 31, 2014): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jgrp2014.0439.

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19

Maigari, A. U., M. B. Sulaiman, M. Buhari, and A. O. Abdullahi. "Pesticide residues in selected vegetables from Gombe markets, Gombe State, Nigeria: assessing the health impact." Ife Journal of Science 23, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i1.8.

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The study determined the content of pesticide residues in vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, calyces, and tiger nut), obtained from markets in Gombe, Nigeria. Health risk parameters were also determined to evaluate the health risk associated with their consumption. A total of 72 samples (cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV/VIS Detector (HPLC-UV/VIS). A total of 18 pesticide residues were detected: nine organochlorines (OCs), five organophosphates (OPs), and four pyrethroids (PYs). The residual contents of nine OCs ranged from 0.00 to 0.098 μg/kg and found in 61.87%, 60.99%, 63.69%, and 63.89% of cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut samples respectively, five OPs with concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 0.043 μg/kg were found in 22.69%, 21.89%, 19.49% and 22.21% of cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut samples respectively. In similar order, four PYs with concentrations that ranged from 0.00 to 0.046 μg/kg were found in 15.44%, 17.04%, 16.82% and 13.89% of the vegetables. Themean estimated daily intake of pesticides in the studied samples was lower than that of acceptable daily intakes. The hazard index obtained was less than one, indicating no probable adverse health effect on both children and adult consumers. However, monitoring and continuous stringent regulation should be imposed with regard to the usage of pesticides in vegetables, and other food stuff for public health protection. Keywords: Hazard Index, Health risk, Nut, Pesticide residues, Vegetables
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20

Babayo Sule and Usman Sambo. "Poverty in Gombe State: Causes, Manifestations and Strategies of Alleviation." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 706–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i3.321.

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Poverty is a phenomenon that is affecting our society negatively as its scorch keeps on biting harder despite the rate in which revenue is rising in Nigeria. Gombe State is one of the states that is categorized among the poorest in Nigeria for a decade. Poverty is affecting the socioeconomic and political wellbeing of Gombe State in many perspectives. This paper examined the issues and perspectives of poverty in Gombe State particularly the causes, manifestations and strategies of alleviation. The work used primary and secondary sources of data collection where some respondents were selected through a simple random sampling for questionnaire administration and other key stakeholders were identified for an in-depth interview. The secondary source involves documents such as books, reports, journals and internet sources. The data obtained were presented and analysed using statistical tools such as tables and charts where applicable. The paper concludes that; poverty is caused mainly due to poor government’s macro and micro economic policies and that poverty level in Gombe State has reached an unbearable index of 74.6 % according to the research and also the National Bureau of Statistics report which ranked the State the third most poor State in the country in 2015. The paper recommends that, for poverty to be alleviated in Gombe State, there should be a comprehensive and integrated approach via well designed policies such as Conditional Cash Transfer, development of agricultural sector, small scale industrialisation and youth empowerment schemes. It is also recommended that some models like Malaysian social investment and empowerment should be considered.
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21

Kamenya, Shadrack. "Human baby killed by Gombe chimpanzee." Pan Africa News 9, no. 2 (December 2002): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5134/143412.

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Shimada, Masaki. "Social scratch among chimpanzees in Gombe." Pan Africa News 9, no. 2 (December 2002): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5134/143414.

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23

Small, M. F. "BIOGRAPHY: From Gombe to the World." Science 315, no. 5818 (March 16, 2007): 1498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136574.

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Constable, Julie L., Mary V. Ashley, Jane Goodall, and Anne E. Pusey. "Noninvasive paternity assignment in Gombe chimpanzees." Molecular Ecology 10, no. 5 (May 2001): 1279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01262.x.

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Adang, Lucas Kombe, and Zainab Isah. "Prevalence of Eimeria species in local breed chickens in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 10, no. 6 (April 25, 2017): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v10i6.21.

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Adang, K. L., J. Ayuba, and K. P. Yoriyo. "Ectoparasites of Sheep (Ovis aries L.) and Goats (Capra hirus L.) in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 18, no. 5 (June 15, 2015): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2015.224.231.

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Haruna, Mageed Oshogwe. "Analyzing Electoral Misconduct: The Case of 2019 General Elections in Gombe State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/0202/81(0280).

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Credible election is fast becoming a feature of the democratic process canvassed globally. However, misconducts still mar the exercise and smooth transition in a couple of countries, including Nigeria. This study focused on electoral misconducts reported during Nigeria’s 2019 general elections, using Gombe State as reference. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources, which involved questionnaire administration, interviews and desk review of published works relevant to the paper. The findings revealed that there were electoral misconducts in several areas during the 2019 general elections not only in Gombe Metropolis but in other parts of the State. These misconducts ranged from vote buying, to material inducements and destructions of election materials, among others. The study recommends the need for a new electoral law that will criminalise vote buying and other sundry electoral frauds in future elections in Gombe and other parts of the country.
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Inuwa, Nasiru, Abdullahi Mohammed Jikan-Jatum, and Dr Hassana Yahya Bello. "Motorcycles Health and Traffic Safety: Evidence from Commercial Motorcyclists in Gombe State, Nigeria." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i5.1101.

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<p>Although commercial motorcyclists are gaining acceptance by all and sundry as a means of public transport which are adapted to the contemporary Nigerian society. However, expose to all hazards including accidents are further worsened by the lack of proper knowledge on road safety measures of the commercial motorcycle riders. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of a commercial motorcycle on health and traffic safety in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Gombe Metropolis with using the random sampling technique to select 500 motorcyclists sample size. The data generated were analyzed using simple percentages. The study finds that most of the motorcycles accidents were caused by reckless riding, drug abuse and disregard to traffic rules. Similarly, the study finds that Tricycles are the most important factor causing motorcycle accidents in Gombe metropolis. Furthermore, the study finds that most of the respondents suffer from at least one health challenge as a result of their continuous use of the motorcycle. The study therefore recommends that government and other relevant agencies should be equipped with materials and human resources to embark on regular and massive breath testing of motorcyclists to detect riders who ride under the influence of drugs. This can be achieved through identifying the Drunken riders and make them face the wrath of the law.</p>
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Nutter, Felicia B. "Reports from the Field : Gombe, Tanzania : Respiratory Disease Claims the Lives of at least Seven Gombe Chimps." Pan Africa News 3, no. 1 (June 1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5134/143337.

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Obute, J. A., and O. S. Arulogun. "Parents' awareness and perception of the polio eradication programme in Gombe Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria." International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 45, no. 3 (January 2007): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2007.10708108.

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Magaji, Abdullahi, Bello Oluyinka, Samuta Tela, Aishatu Abubakar, Daniel Mishelia, and Amina Tako. "MATHEMATICS EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, SELF-RELIANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INGOMBE STATE." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education, Technology & Social Strategies 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijiretss.v8.i1.06.

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The development of any nation depends on her scientific and technological advancements. Therefore, the paper examined the role of mathematics education on the technological development, self-reliance and sustainable development in Gombe state. A total of two thousand, six hundred and fifty (2,650), respondents consisted of Gombe State Ministry of Education officials, parents, principals, vice principals, teachers, students and others from forty (40) each of junior and senior secondary schools purposively and randomly selected and used for the study. Data collected using well designed and open ended questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and regression analysis statistical tool to answer the research question and to treat the research hypothesis of the study at 0.05 alpha level of significance revealed that there is an effect of mathematics education on the technological development, self-reliance and sustainable development in Gombe state. Recommendations were given based on the findings of the study, since mathematics is the bedrock of scientific and technological development of any nation.
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Biedermann, Blaine P. "Conservation Rhetoric and the Chimpanzees of Gombe." Politics and the Life Sciences 10, no. 1 (August 1991): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400016932.

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Jones, James Holland, Michael L. Wilson, Carson Murray, and Anne Pusey. "Phenotypic quality influences fertility in Gombe chimpanzees." Journal of Animal Ecology 79, no. 6 (April 19, 2010): 1262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01687.x.

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Morbeck, Mary Ellen, Adrienne L. Zihlman, Dale Richman Sumner, and Alison Galloway. "Poliomyelitis and skeletal asymmetry in Gombe chimpanzees." Primates 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381602.

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Mba, Emmanuel L., Nuhu M. Mshelia, and Sunday K. Obiano. "Is Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Safe in Gombe, Nigeria?" World Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery with DVD 11, no. 3 (2018): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10033-1355.

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Garkuwa, Nuru Adamu, Sa’adatu Said Mustapha, Sani Aliyu Ibrahim, Muhammad Yusha’u, Mansur Abdulrasheed, and Usman Adamu Garkuwa. "Enumeration of total and Feacal coliform bacteria of some borehole water in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.35s.

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Inadequate provision of potable drinking water in relation to teaming population is forcing most of the urban communities to drink untreated water obtained from traditional boreholes. Hence, the need to assess the portability of drinking water. In this research, boreholes water samples collected within Gombe city were investigated bacteriologically using multiple tube fermentation and pour plate methods to examine feacal coliform and coliform bacterial counts respectively; bacterial isolation was conducted using standard culture methods. Identification of the bacterial Isolates were carried out by macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical examinations. Total coliform bacteria ranges from <3 to 11 MPN/100 ml and 1 to 3 MPN/100ml for faecal coliform. The borehole water samples from studied areas had high counts of faecal coliforms (Escherichia coli), and other pathogens like Entrobacter and Salmonella. The findings showed that all the borehole water analysed were not suitable for human consumption and may pose a serious threat to the health of consumers and therefore, there is need for treatment of these borehole waters by the borehole proprietors and also by simple treatment methods such as boiling, filtration before drinking and agitation by the consumers. Keywords: Borehole water, Quality, Isolation, Identification, Coliform bacteria
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Boyi Noel, Bachama, Audu Haruna Omar, Ibrahim Ahmed Kawu, Matai Emon Parmaina, Adamu Muhammad Kamaludeen, and Tarki Sadiq Kubmuto. "Farmers’ Perception on the Effect of Rainfall Variability on Rice Yield in Dadin-Kowa of Gombe, Gombe State." International Journal of Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20200802.11.

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Higazi, Adam, and Jimam Lar. "ARTICULATIONS OF BELONGING: THE POLITICS OF ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN BAUCHI AND GOMBE STATES, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA." Africa 85, no. 1 (January 23, 2015): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014000795.

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ABSTRACTNorth-east Nigeria is an area of great ethno-linguistic diversity and religious pluralism, with Islam and Christianity both having a strong presence. The majority of the population is Muslim but there is also a substantial indigenous Christian minority, who form a majority in some local government areas. This paper draws on fieldwork by the authors in two north-eastern states, Bauchi and Gombe, to explore why, despite comparable religious demographics, there are marked differences in the levels of collective violence experienced in the two states. Although ethno-religious violence has increased across northern Nigeria since the 1980s, some areas have been more affected than others. To understand why this is, it is necessary to place ethnic and religious differences in their local historical and political contexts. This paper compares Gombe and Bauchi and argues that, although there are complaints of marginalization among different groups in both cases, Gombe State has developed a more inclusive system of government and local conflict management than Bauchi State. We explore what accounts for this difference in the articulation and management of belonging and whether the contrast is significant enough to explain differential levels of violence. In doing so, we consider how inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations have been shaped historically in the two cases and compare current forms of collective mobilization, considering different social and political spaces within each state. The paper also briefly outlines the impacts of the radical insurgent group Jama'at ahl al-sunna li'l-da'wa wa'l-jihad, nicknamed Boko Haram, in Bauchi and Gombe states.
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Musgrave, Stephanie, Elizabeth Lonsdorf, David Morgan, Madison Prestipino, Laura Bernstein-Kurtycz, Roger Mundry, and Crickette Sanz. "Teaching varies with task complexity in wild chimpanzees." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907476116.

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Cumulative culture is a transformative force in human evolution, but the social underpinnings of this capacity are debated. Identifying social influences on how chimpanzees acquire tool tasks of differing complexity may help illuminate the evolutionary origins of technology in our own lineage. Humans routinely transfer tools to novices to scaffold their skill development. While tool transfers occur in wild chimpanzees and fulfill criteria for teaching, it is unknown whether this form of helping varies between populations and across tasks. Applying standardized methods, we compared tool transfers during termite gathering by chimpanzees in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo, and in Gombe, Tanzania. At Goualougo, chimpanzees use multiple, different tool types sequentially, choose specific raw materials, and perform modifications that improve tool efficiency, which could make it challenging for novices to manufacture suitable tools. Termite gathering at Gombe involves a single tool type, fishing probes, which can be manufactured from various materials. Multiple measures indicated population differences in tool-transfer behavior. The rate of transfers and probability of transfer upon request were significantly higher at Goualougo, while resistance to transfers was significantly higher at Gombe. Active transfers of tools in which possessors moved to facilitate possession change upon request occurred only at Goualougo, where they were the most common transfer type. At Gombe, tool requests were typically refused. We suggest that these population differences in tool-transfer behavior may relate to task complexity and that active helping plays an enhanced role in the cultural transmission of complex technology in wild apes.
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Hategeka, Celestin, Simone E. Carter, Faustin Mukalenge Chenge, Eric Nyambu Katanga, Grégoire Lurton, Serge Ma-Nitu Mayaka, Dieudonné Kazadi Mwamba, Esther van Kleef, Veerle Vanlerberghe, and Karen Ann Grépin. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on the utilisation of health services in public facilities during the first wave in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 7 (July 2021): e005955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005955.

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IntroductionHealth service use among the public can decline during outbreaks and had been predicted among low and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) started implementing public health measures across Kinshasa, including strict lockdown measures in the Gombe health zone.MethodsUsing monthly time series data from the DRC Health Management Information System (January 2018 to December 2020) and interrupted time series with mixed effects segmented Poisson regression models, we evaluated the impact of the pandemic on the use of essential health services (outpatient visits, maternal health, vaccinations, visits for common infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases) during the first wave of the pandemic in Kinshasa. Analyses were stratified by age, sex, health facility and lockdown policy (ie, Gombe vs other health zones).ResultsHealth service use dropped rapidly following the start of the pandemic and ranged from 16% for visits for hypertension to 39% for visits for diabetes. However, reductions were highly concentrated in Gombe (81% decline in outpatient visits) relative to other health zones. When the lockdown was lifted, total visits and visits for infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases increased approximately twofold. Hospitals were more affected than health centres. Overall, the use of maternal health services and vaccinations was not significantly affected.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in important reductions in health service utilisation in Kinshasa, particularly Gombe. Lifting of lockdown led to a rebound in the level of health service use but it remained lower than prepandemic levels.
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Shuaibu, Isa, Ibrahim S. Hauwa, Umar M. Fatima, Sa’ad Hauwa, and Maikudi U. Muhammad. "Survey of the Incidence of TB Infection among Patients attending TBL of Gombe State Specialist Hospital, Gombe State Nigeria." Greener Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2013): 007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjma.2013.1.080913828.

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42

Adang, LK, SL Kela, and MB Kashere. "Fascioliasis in cattle slaughtered at Gombe abattoir, Nigeria." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 9, no. 2 (July 22, 2015): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v9i2.18.

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43

Bush, Elizabeth. "The Chimpanzee Children of Gombe by Jane Goodall." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 68, no. 5 (2015): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2015.0073.

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Alimoglu, Orhan, Handan Ankarali, Oya Cigerli, Tamador Shamaileh, Sedat Tuzuner, Kikomeko Sharif, Senad Kalkan, Sekitooleko Badru, Muammer Yilmaz, and Seyit Ankarali. "Volunteer Surgical Camp at Gombe Hospital in Uganda." East and Central African Journal of Surgery 21, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajs.v21i1.139027.

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Kirchhoff, Claire A., Michael L. Wilson, Deus C. Mjungu, Jane Raphael, Shadrack Kamenya, and D. Anthony Collins. "Infanticide in chimpanzees: Taphonomic case studies from Gombe." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 165, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23335.

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46

ALTMANN, J. "Primatology in East Africa: The Chimpanzees of Gombe." Science 235, no. 4789 (February 6, 1987): 694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4789.694.

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47

Alkali, G., M. D. Alegbejo, B. D. Kashina, and O. O. Banwo. "Analysis of Serological Variability and Hierarchical Distribution of Rice Yellow Mottle Sobemovirus Isolates in Northern Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 37 (April 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.37.1.

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A panel of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to study the immunological profile of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) genus Sobemovirus. Serological profiles of 35 representative isolates of RYMV from Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Niger, Sokoto and Zamfara states in Northern Nigeria. All the RYMV isolates were classified into three major serogroups (SG1, SG2 and SG3) and further separated into six subgroups (Sg1a, Sg1b, Sg2a, Sg2b, Sg3a and Sg3b). The results demonstrate a significant serological variability among RYMV isolates in Northern Nigeria. The hierarchical analysis of the serological profiles data revealed high viral load in Kano, Kaduna and Gombe states, these show they are suitable locations for strategic RYMV diagnostic and field epidemiological studies
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Abashiya, M., I. B. Abaje, I. Musa, S. Sule, P. N. Kollos, and H. A. Garba. "Hydrogeomorphic Characteristics of Urban Flood Triggers in Gombe Town, Nigeria as Monitored in 2014." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 10 (November 21, 2019): 1887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i10.19.

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Urban flooding has become a monumental yearly disaster in many of the world’s cities and Gombe town in particular. This paper focused on some hydro-geomorphological characteristics that influence flooding in Gombe town. Statistical methods and geographic information techniques were used for the assessment. The result revealed that the highest API of 166.62 mm occurred on the 5/9/2014. The rainfall amount was 92.5mm for a duration 48 minutes, average rainfall intensity was 115.63, stage height (1.42m), average flow velocity (0.98m/s), and instantaneous discharge of 9.47m3 /s. This corresponds with the flood disaster that occurred in Gombe town on the same date (5/9/2014). On the other hand, the least API of 18.12 mm occurred on the 18/6/2014. The rainfall amount was 1.2mm for 62 minutes, average rainfall intensity was 1.16, stage height (0.30m), average flow velocity (0.24m/s), and instantaneous discharge of 0.49m3 /s. findings also showed that very steep slope covered 2.4537km2 (1.78%), steep slope covered 3.60235km2 (2.61%), moderate slope (0.735574km2 or 0.53%), gentle slope (131.106km2 or 94.89%) and flat areas (0.259854km2 or 0.19%). The study recommended flood resilience technology, provision of adequate urban drainages and proper storm water management.Keywords: Drainage density, flow accumulation, rainfall, urban flooding
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Misbahu Sa’idu, Aminu Bakari Buba, and Ahmed Usman. "Interrogating the Causes of Industrial Apathy in Gombe, North East Nigeria." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i1.138.

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This paper examined the factors and actors that coalesced to engender disinterest in the establishment and sustenance of manufacturing industries in Gombe State, North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study adopted a historical method anchored on oral interviews with sixty (60) local manufacturers, and government officials across the eleven local government areas of Gombe state. Secondary sources in forms of published books, journal articles, Newsletters and Annual reports were also used. The result showed that lack of capital, epileptic electricity supply and weak political will constitute the major causes of industrial apathy in Gombe. Other factors include weak maintenance culture, lack of technical knowhow, longer gestation period in reaping the fruits of manufacturing, crisis of confidence and disdain for loans owing to interest attached to it. Finally, the study argues and recommends that prospects for reviving comatose industries and establishing new ones still exist in the study area. This ray of hope is informed by the emergence of participant political culture which could usher strong political will capable of harnessing the huge mineral endowments of the area. Another impetus added to this optimism is the Federal Government of Nigeria’s policy of economic diversification away from dependence on crude oil.
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M Manga, Mohammed, Gloria O Michael, Aishatu A Julde, Gidado Muhammad, Umar M Hassan, Mohammed Ibrahim, Mohammed A Wulgo, and Elon W Isaac. "Phenotypic Detection of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: An Effort to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance and Improve Patient Safety in Gombe, Nigeria." Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51658/abms.202121.3.

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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to patient safety. Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are important multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). Timely reporting of MDROs is necessary for rational antibiotic prescription and in combating AMR. We present the prevalence and distribution of Methicillin and inducible clindamycin resistant (iCR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Gombe Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 260 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG). Isolates identification was done using conventional biochemical methods. Methicillin resistance was detected by cefoxitin disc diffusion method while iCR isolates by erythromycin and clindamycin disc approximation test (D-test). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 178 (68.5%) isolates while 214 (82.3%) were iCR (D-test positive). Among the MRSA, 87.1% were also iCR while 72.4% of the iCR isolates were MRSA. There was significant association between MRSA and iCR (p = 0.03), MRSA and clindamycin resistance (p = 0.05) and MRSA and erythromycin resistance (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of MDR Staphylococcus aureus is high in Gombe Nigeria. Antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) and good Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) are necessary in combating AMR and improving patient safety.
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