Journal articles on the topic 'Gómez family'

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how the concept of socioemotional wealth can be combined with other important concepts in the family firm literature to develop a theory of the family firm. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper based on a review of the paper of Martin and Gómez-Mejía in this issue as well as the family business literature in general. Findings Martin and Gómez-Mejía (this issue) present a theoretical model and propositions on the relationship between socioemotional and financial wealth that advances understanding of family firm decision-making. That paper provides an initial step toward a theory of the family firm that can explain why firms select the family form of organization to conduct economic activities, what determines their scale and scope and why heterogeneity is observed among family firms. This commentary takes another step toward such a theory by discussing how the combined consideration of goals, governance and resources could be used to address the above three questions. Originality/value The precepts of a new theory of the family firm is presented that incorporates the concepts of goals (socioemotional wealth), governance (family ownership and control) and resources (familiness) of family firms to explain why family firms exist and potentially thrive as well as to explain the heterogeneity among family firms.

AbstractDoes the family involvement affect exports in the family firm? The literature seems to support this view even if the direction and magnitude of this impact remains controversial. Drawing on the perspectives of agency [Chrisman et al. 2004; Schulze et al. 2001] and stewardship as applied to family firms [Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson 1997] and also on socio-emotional wealth perspective [Gómez-Mejía et al. 2007], this study seeks to contribute to this debate by studying the influence of family involvement on the SME exports intensity. To reconcile the divergent views, our research attempts to assess the role of the manager’s international orientation as a variable moderating the relationship between family involvement and exports in SMEs. Based on a hypothetical-deductive approach, the study uses a sample data of 125 family SMEs obtained through a questionnaire. The results show that even if the positive influence of the manager’s international orientation is corroborated, its moderating role seems to be limited to only one facet of the construct of family involvement i.e. involvement in management. Moreover, owning-family involvement in management seems to negatively influence exports while some results argue for a positive effect of the family involvement in ownership on exports.

The Isla Sala y Gómez or Motu Motiro Hiva is located 415 km northeast of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and 3420 km from the coast of northern Chile. It is a small oceanic island (2.5 km2) dominated by volcanic rock with very little vegetal cover. Here, we describe the first endemic arachnid for the island, Ariadna motumotirohiva sp. nov. Females are similar to those of Ariadna perkinsi Simon, 1900 from Hawaiʻi and Ariadna lebronneci Berland, 1933 from the Marquesas in the dorsal dark abdominal pattern, but they differentiate from the latter in the anterior receptaculum, promarginal cheliceral teeth and leg IV macrosetae. A recent survey of the arachnid fauna of Rapa Nui, which included Motu Nui and the rocky shores, did not record the presence of the family Segestriidae, neither has it been found during previous surveys. However, it is not possible to discard the possibility of a local extinction on Rapa Nui and survival on Sala y Gómez. This study suggests other endemic terrestrial arthropods could be present on this very small and remote island.

We describe Atrimitra isolata sp. n. (Gastropoda: Mitridae), collected on the summit of seamounts (~200 m water depth) in the vicinity of Desventuradas Islands, Chile insular territory. Additionally, we provide some insight into the habitat of this new species based on underwater imagery taken with a remotely operated vehicle. A. isolata sp. n. is characterized by its small size (up to 26 mm), elongate-ovate shape, solid shell and smooth appearance. It has a base brown color, with some specimens being tan or yellow. It is morphologically related to counterparts from shallow depths on the west coast of North, Central and South America (i.e., Atrimitra idae, Atrimitra orientalis and Atrimitra semigranosa), but has no affinities with species of the family reported from around Easter Island, on the far western side of the Salas y Gómez ridge (e.g., Strigatella flavocingulata, Imbricariopsis punctata and Neocancilla takiisaoi), or with other Indo-Pacific species. The present contribution adds to the knowledge of the poorly studied fauna of the seamounts in the southern portion of the Nazca ridge and easternmost section of the Sala y Gómez ridge, an area characterized by the high degree of endemism of its benthic fauna, and now protected within the large and newly created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park.

Scientometric studies have become very important within the scientific environment in general, and in the family firm area in particular. This study aims at conducting a bibliometric analysis of socioemotional wealth within family firms. To this end, a background search of the terms family firm and socioemotional wealth has been carried out in the Web of Science, specifically in specialized journals published between 1975 and 2019 in the Science Citation Index. The resulting scientometric analyses are of the number of papers and citations, the main authors and journals, the WoS categories, the institutions, the countries and the word co-occurrence. One of the main conclusions of this paper is the abundance of studies that have been conducted on socioemotional wealth in family firms, which is reflected in the number of publications (501) and of citations of these studies (12,090). Another significant revelation is the copious number of authors, with Gómez-Mejía being the most relevant one and De Massis the one with the highest number of publications. Also noteworthy are the many USA-based institutions, with the Mississippi State University and the University of North Carolina being the two most prominent. In addition, studies have been carried out about family firms’ focus, mainly, on performance and ownership.

In the present work, in the light of the reading of the philosopher Santiago Castro-Gómez, we will try to elucidate his theory about the coloniality of power and the way in which such a device codified the bodies according to the discourse of blood cleansing. So, first, we will briefly develop two different types of theories about power: on the one hand, the theory of the coloniality of power, presented by the Peruvian sociologist Aníbal Quijano; on the other hand, the analytics of power, developed by Michel Foucault. Both theories, which seem incommensurable, are put into dialogue by our philosopher. In the second part of our work, we will prepare to present the practices and modus operandi corresponding to the coloniality of power to manifest its uniqueness in comparison to other types of powers. Likewise, we will show how a certain sector of the population, in an attempt to consolidate their family and personal interests, used these practices to limit corporality. Third, and by way of conclusion, we will make a brief sketch about the link between the coloniality of power and the political practices of current Colombia.

The importance of the family business (FB) is not only stable but it is also improving its position in the global economy and playing a key role in the European economy. They represent 60 per cent of the employment and more than 60 million jobs in the private sector. But they face many internal challenges, of which the importance of ‘company succession’ is growing together with the need for technology renewal and attracting the right skills/talents ( PwC, 2014 ). This article focuses on the transfer of socio-emotional wealth (SEW) as a key intangible asset during intergenerational changes in the FB ( Debicki, Kellermanns, Chrisman, Pearson, & Spencer, 2016 ; Gómez-Mehija, Takács Haynes, Núnez-Nickel, Jackobson, & Moyano-Fuentes, 2007 ; Martinez-Romero & Rojo-Ramírez, 2016). Using empirical experiences based on multi-site company case studies in three countries (Hungary, Poland and the UK), the analysis presents the transfer of the following key components of the SEW to the next generation: a trust-based social-system, generic human values (namely, openness, mutual respect, correctness, reliability and responsibility) and ‘practice based–embedded collective knowledge’. We find that a key lesson is that transferring physical assets in the succession process seems to be less important than the transfer of the intangible ones embedded in the company’s culture because of the complex, informal and dynamic nature of the transferring mechanisms and of the role they play in sustaining entrepreneurial willingness and economic success over generations.

Abstract This paper studies the fundamental characteristics of a subgroup of members of the family of complementary-contrastive discourse constructions in English. Following Ruiz de Mendoza and Gómez-González (2014) by discourse constructions this article refers to form-meaning pairings capturing relational meaning such as addition, exemplification, contrast, etc. grounded in high-level cognitive models. A discourse construction (e.g., X Let Alone Y; cf. Fillmore, Kay, & O’Connor, 1988), generally consists of a fixed part and two variables, where the fixed part is a connector (a discourse marker or a conjunction). The constructions under scrutiny indicate a relation between two elements or situations in the world that are opposites but not exclusive of each other. Many of the members of this constructional family have frequently been treated as fully interchangeable in standard lexicographic practice. By contrast, this paper argues that each of these constructions introduces small but decisive changes in focal structure, resulting in important differences in meaning. Taking this evidence into account, the paper specifies the cases where one construction is used with preference over the others.

Introduction: The sense of belonging in a group can be a form of adaptation to the conditions of prison isolation. However, excessive group identification could result in negative consequences for the identity of an individual. The sense of support in social relations is a significant personal resource of convicts. The social identity of convicted persons influences their behaviour, and thus the effect of penitentiary interactions. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the sense of belonging in a group among convicts with body modifications. Methods: The research was conducted in penitentiary units at the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Gdańsk (Poland). Fifty-eight re-sentenced convicts participated in the study (36.2% did not have body modifications, and 63.8% had tattoo/tattoos). The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 62 years (M = 35.12; standard deviation, SD = 10.98). The participants completed the Group Identification Scale (Mael and Ashforth, 1992), the Identity Fusion Scale (Gómez et al., 2011) and the measure of identity fusion (Swann et al., 2009). Results: The study showed that convicts declare a very weak sense of belonging with their cellmates (55.2%) and a very strong sense of belonging with their family (44.8%). A relationship was observed between younger age and identity fusion; however, it was on the border of a significant statistical trend. Conclusions: Interpersonal relationships used as a personal resource in the social rehabilitation process can be extremely important for the probability of recidivism in the future. Especially, non-standard methods may allow convicts to test themselves in a new role. The self-concept should not be formatted through the prism of social stereotypes of prisoners, but with the simultaneous support of the family, which may strengthen socially acceptable behaviours.

A new species of Gastrophanella, G. cavernicola sp. nov. (Demospongiae: Siphonidiidae), is described from submarine caves in Fernando de Noronha Island (north-east Brazil), Carrie Bow Cay and Columbus Cay, Belize (central Western Atlantic), at depths of 5-30 m. It differs from all other species of the genus by its lobate shape with thin superficial canals and centrotylote tylostrongyles. Gastrophanella cavernicola sp. nov. is the second record of the genus Gastrophanella from both Brazil and the Caribbean. It is the sixth ‘lithistid’ sponge reported from the Brazilian coast, whereas at least 32 other desma-bearing sponges are known from the Caribbean. The genus now includes five valid species, G. implexa Schmidt from the West Indies (type species), G. mammilliformis Burton from South Africa, G. primore Gómez from the Pacific Coast of Mexico, G. stylifera Mothes & Silva from south Brazil, and G. cavernicola sp. nov. from north-east Brazil and Belize. Aciculites oxytylota Lévi & Lévi from New Caledonia is transferred to Siphonidium Schmidt. The family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, which is probably related to order Hadromerida, is redefined to contain only Siphonidium and Gastrophanella, both with fused rhizoclone desmas associated to microspined exotyles.

There is a family of models with physical and human capital and R&D for which convergence properties have been discussed [Lutz G. Arnold, European Economic Review 44, 1599–1605 (2000); Manuel Gómez, Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics 9(1), Article 5 (2005)]. However, spillovers in R&D have been ignored in this context. We introduce spillovers in this model and derive the steady-state and stability properties. This new feature implies that the model is characterized by a system of four differential equations. A unique balanced growth path, along with a two-dimensional stable manifold, is obtained under simple and reasonable conditions. Transition is oscillatory toward the steady state for plausible values of parameters. We discovered that these features are due to the presence of the R&D spillovers externality in the decentralized equilibrium.

The family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871, traditionally included in the Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838, is revised based on the examination of the type material of many of its species as well as unidentified and previously identified material from around the world. The revised family now consists of 31 species (including five that are described as new) belonging to 13 genera (including four that are described as new): Eucrate De Haan, 1835, with eight species, of which one is new; Euryplax Stimpson, 1859, with two species; Frevillea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, with three species; Henicoplax n. gen., with five species of which three are new; Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858, monotypic; Machaerus Leach, 1818, with two species; Nancyplax Lemaitre, García-Gómez, von Sternberg & Campos, 2001, monotypic; Platyozius Borradaile, 1902, monotypic; Psopheticoides Sakai, 1969, monotypic; Systroplax n. gen., monotypic; Trissoplax n. gen., with two species, of which one is new; Trizocarcinus Rathbun, 1914, with two species; Villoplax n. gen., monotypic; and Xenocrate Ng & Castro, 2007, monotypic. The genus Platyozius and Eucrate formosensis Sakai, 1974, are removed from the synonymy of Eucrate and E. alcocki Serène, in Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973, respectively. Neotypes are selected for Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858, and Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, two species described from Hong Kong that have a confusing taxonomic history. A neotype is also selected for Euryplax nitida Stimpson, 1859, described from the Florida Keys. Seven nominal species described by other authors were found to be junior subjective synonyms for other species: Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882, E. costata Yang & Sun 1979, E. haswelli Campbell 1969, and Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884, of Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858); Galene laevimanus (Lucas, in Jacquinot & Lucas, 1853) of Eucrate dorsalis (White, 1849); Heteroplax nagasakiensis Sakai, 1934, of H. transversa Stimpson, 1858; and Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, of Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835). Eight euryplacid genera are exclusively found in the Indo-West Pacific region (except one species introduced in the Mediterranean), one is exclusive to each the Eastern Atlantic and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions, three to the Western Atlantic region, and one genus has both Western Atlantic and Tropical Eastern Pacific species.

Purpose Inspired by increasing public interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the intensified focus of research on family firms (FFs) over the past few decades, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the existing literature on CSR in FF through a citation analysis. Design/methodology/approach This paper overviews the structure of research on CSR in FF, identifying influential publications, authors, and key lines of discussion. The authors identified the underlying sample through a systematic, keyword-based literature search of seven databases. Starting with this sample, the authors analyzed a database of 4,342 references of 3,025 different sources cited in the 63 articles. Findings The findings show that the cited literature on CSR in FF is widespread, confirming that the research field has great heterogeneity. The authors identified the most-cited researcher as Luis R. Gómez-Mejía (University of Notre Dame, USA), with 93 citations. The average author in the group of the 22 most-cited authors (with a three-way tie for 20th-most-cited author) counts 45.45 citations in the sample of 13.95 different sources. Because the citations mostly refer to journal articles, the authors further investigated the particular journals of publication. The 20 most-influential journals cover 45.28 percent of all citations, with the Journal of Business Ethics being the most influential (6.38 percent of all citations). Within the 3,025 different sources cited in the whole sample, the publication by Dyer and Whetten (2006), which is titled “Family firms and social responsibility: preliminary evidence from the S&P 500,” is the most-cited (29 citations in 46.03 percent of the analyzed 63 peer-reviewed journal articles). Originality/value The authors conclude with a call for more research on CSR in FF (especially qualitative case studies). Moreover, as scholars of North America and Western Europe dominate the current landscape of research, the authors would like to encourage scholars from other countries and cultures to provide insights from their countries.

Schindleria (Giltay (1934), Schindler’s fishes (or infantfishes), is a genus of small (< 22 mm) paedomorphic species of the family Gobiidae which mature extremely fast. These fishes occur from the eastern Pacific (Cocos Islands off Costa Rica, seamounts Nazca and Sala y Gómez) to the southwestern Indian Ocean (southeast Africa). Nevertheless, there is a large gap in the distributional area between the Philippines (western Pacific) and India/Sri Lanka (Central Indian Ocean) which spans nearly 5000 km. We present the first comprehensive documentation of published records of Schindleria together with samples collected during the Dana-Expedition, between 1928 and 1930 at 44 stations from Polynesia to southeast Africa, with 8 records from the western Pacific to the Central Indian Ocean. We present three first records, 18 new records and the southernmost record for the Indian Ocean. Although Schindler’s fishes were generally documented from or close to islands and reefs, we present 23 offshore records (at least 30 km distant to a shore or reef) and 27 deep-water records (at least 65 m deep). Records between 320 and 360 km offshore are the most extreme offshore records of Schindleria ever documented. The records from about 500- and 1000-m depths are the deepest ever documented for Schindler’s fishes.

Aguado-Santacruz, G. A., Betancourt-Guerra, D. A., Siquerios-Cendón, T., Arévalo-Gallegos, S., Rivera-Chavira, B. E., Nevarez-Moorillon, G. V., Moreno-Gómez, B. and Rascón-Cruz, Q. 2011. Comparison of the structure and organization of therrnaoperons of Bouteloua gracilisandZea mays. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 107–116. We studied the genomic structure of Bouteloua gracilis chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and compared it with the sequenced ribosomal RNA spacer region from other cereals. This will allow us to understand chloroplast topology and the recombination ability of cpDNA. The development of potential tools for biotechnology applied to cereals can be focused through the study of cpDNA in family related grasses, such as B. gracilis. cpDNA was prepared from green B. gracilis and Zea mays plants using a modified NaCl method. A 2332 bp intergenic spacer (IGS) region (rrna16S-trnI-trnA-rrna23S) from B. gracilis was sequenced, which showed great similarity (at least 92%) to IGS region from Z. mays, Oryza sativa and Saccharum officinarum. A physical map constructed by Southern hybridization using petA, psbA, psbD, ndhA, rbcL, 16S and 23S rDNA digoxigenin-labelled probes showed low organizational resemblance to maize cpDNA. Moreover, when compared to a similar fragment of Z. mays, a 239 bp intron deletion was found in the trnI gene in the B. gracilis cpDNA. Restriction and hybridization analyses suggested that the B. gracilis cpDNA has a molecular weight of 130 Kb. We expect that the findings reported in this work can be a baseline for increasing our knowledge in chloroplast organization in grasses and for the development of molecular tools.

Background:Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is associated with a high degree of functional limitation in daily life activities. However, few studies have evaluated the social and family burden from the patient’s perspective.Objectives:To describe the impact of axSpA on social and family life since disease onset, and the associated PROs.Methods:Data from 2,846 unselected patients of the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) study through an online survey (2017-2018) across 13 European countries were analysed. The impact of axSpA on social and family life were assessed through four PROs: i) Impact on relationships with the spouse, family, friends, neighbours, and work colleagues since disease onset (5 point Likert scale; 1 “much better” – 5 “much worse”; ii) Frequency of social activities including outings to bars/restaurants, cinema/theatre/museums, practising sports, travel/excursions, and intimate relations since disease onset (5 point Likert scale; 1 “much more” – 5 “much less”); iii) Adaptations made to cope with axSpA since disease onset (yes/no question); iv) The degree of functional limitation in 18 daily activities (3 point Likert scale). Self-reported BASDAI (0-10), spinal stiffness (3-12), functional limitation (0-54), and psychological distress (GHQ-12) were analysed using Pearson’s correlation comparing the impact on relationships and frequency of social activities since disease onset.Results:Among 2,846 participants, mean age was 43.9 years, 61.3% were female, 48.1% had a university degree. The greatest impact on relationships (sum of ‘worse’ and ‘much worse’) since disease onset were those with work-colleagues (44.5%), friends (35.6%), and spouse (30.4%). Sport was the activity they reduced the most since disease onset (64.2%), followed by travel/excursions (57.3%) and intimate relationships (56.4%) (Fig. 1). 55.5% had purchased comfortable shoes (N = 2748) and 43.9% had made adaptations to their workplace (N = 2651). For those who reported their level of functional limitation in daily activities, the greatest limitations were in physical exercise (85.5%), cleaning the house (84.4%) and using stairs (79.2%) (Fig. 2). In the correlation analysis, BASDAI, spinal stiffness, functional limitation, GHQ-12 were associated with a worsening in all of relationships and social activities (p < 0.001) (Table 1).Table 1.Pearson’s correlation between social and family life changes and PROsRelationships: 1 much better – 5 much worseBASDAISpinal StiffnessFunctional LimitationGHQ-12Spouse0.157*0.130*0.167*0.258*Family0.162*0.133*0.138*0.206*Friends0.211*0.173*0.180*0.282*Neighbours0.210*0.165*0.112*0.229*Work colleagues0.229*0.153*0.213*0.334*Frequency activities: 1 much more – 5 much lessBars / restaurants0.261*0.246*0.314*0.316*Cinemas / theatres / museums0.291*0.243*0.299*0.338*Do sports0.271*0.213*0.240*0.242*Travel / excursions0.308*0.218*0.307*0.362*Intimate relations0.284*0.254*0.288*0.321**p <0.001Figure 1.Reported social and family live changes since disease outsetFigure 2.Reported level of functional limitation in daily live activitiesConclusion:For most participants the onset of axSpA marked the worsening of personal relationships in different areas, as well as the reduction of social, leisure, and entertainment activities.Acknowledgments:Funded by Novartis Pharma AGDisclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Victoria Navarro-Compán Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Christine Bundy Grant/research support from: Has received unrelated honoraria from Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer., Raj Mahapatra: None declared, Souzi Makri: None declared, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Laura Christen: None declared, Carlos Jesús Delgado-Domínguez: None declared, Denis Poddubnyy Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB

The world catalogue of the family Ochteridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Ochteroidea) is compiled. The fossil subfamily Propreocorinae Popov, Dolling & Whalley, 1994, recently excluded from Ochteridae by other authors, is formally raised to family rank as Propreocoridae stat. nov. The fossil genus Meropachys Popov, 1986 is found to be a junior homonym of Meropachys Burmeister, 1835 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and is replaced by a new substitute name, Yuripachys nom. nov., resulting in one new combination: Yuripachys dubius (Popov, 1986) comb. nov. Neochterus Mahner, 1993 (originally proposed as subgenus of Ochterus Latreille, 1807) is considered an unavailable name. Ochterus papaceki Kment & Carapezza sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species from the island of Socotra (Yemen) and Tanzania. Gender agreement in Ochterus paucistriata Baehr, 1990 is corrected to O. paucistriatus Baehr, 1990. The name Ochterus perbosci (Guérin-Méneville, 1843), an incorrect subsequent spelling of O. perboscii in prevailing usage, is fixed according to Article 33.3.1 of the ICZN (1999). The spelling of Angulochterus quadrimaculatus Yao, Zhang & Ren, 2011 is corrected according to Article 32.5.1 of ICZN (1999). The original publication of Ochterus barberi Schell, 1943, O. bidentatus Schell, 1943, O. hungerfordi Schell, 1943, and O. parvus Schell, 1943 is clarified. The name bearing types of Ochterus barberi, O. bidentatus, O. hungerfordi, O. parvus, O. perbosci, and Pelogonus splendidulus Montandon, 1898 (= Ocyochterus victor (Bolívar, 1879)) are considered as lectotypes. The family Ochteridae currently includes 3 recent genera and 88 described species group taxa (84 species and 4 subspecies): Megochterus Jaczewski, 1934 (2 species from Australia), Ochterus (80 species and 4 subspecies distributed worldwide), and Ocyochterus Drake & Gómez-Menor, 1954 (2 species from NW South America). The fossil record of Ochteridae currently includes 4 genera and 5 species: Angulochterus Yao, Zhang & Ren, 2011 (1 species from Early Cretaceous of China), Floricaudus Yao, Ren & Shih, 2011 (1 species from Early Cretaceous of China), Pristinochterus Yao, Cai & Ren, 2007 (2 species from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of China), and Riegerochterus Popov & Heiss, 2014 (1 species from Miocene Dominican amber). In addition the fossil genus Yuripachys (1 species from Early Creatceous of Mongolia) is classified as Ochteridae incertae sedis, Propreocoris Popov, Dolling & Whalley, 1994 (1 species from Early Jurassic of England) as common ancestor of Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae in its own family Propreocoridae, and Grimaldinia Popov & Heiss, 2014 (1 species from Burmese Amber) and Heterochterus Evans, 1971 (1 species based on an isolated wing, Late Triassic of Australia) as Ochteroidea incertae sedis. The following new records are provided: Ochterus aeneifrons surinamensis Nieser, 1975 (Colombia), O. caffer (Stål, 1855) (Mozambique, Sudan), O. feae (Laos, Thailand), O. marginatus marginatus (Latreille, 1804) (China: Anhui, Shaanxi; Central African Republic; India: Rajasthan; Oman; Sudan), and O. nicobarensis Chandra & Jehamalar, 2012 (Myanmar). The distribution of all species is reviewed and the zoogeographic patterns and biodiversity of Ochteridae are discussed.

Background:The etiopathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is multifactorial. The possible role of alteration in gut microbiome (dysbiosis) has been recently suggested. However, the association of dysbiosis with structural damage is still unknown and further studies are needed to assess its association with disease activity.Objectives:To determine the alterations in the gut microbiota in AxSpA patients. To evaluate whether changes in the gut microbiota in AxSpA patients are associated with structural damage or disease activity.Methods:Fifteen AxSpA patients and 15 healthy donors (HDs) were included in a cross-sectional study. Disease activity variables such as C-reactive protein and ESR were measured. Structural damage was determined by lateral X-rays of the cervical and lumbar spine to establish the mSASSS index. Axial mobility was evaluated using the BASMI index and the enthesis affectation was evaluated using ultrasound to obtain the MASEI index. Gut microbiota was measured using the Ion Torrent S5 platform and sequences were processed using the QIIME2. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U were used, and correlations were determined using the Spearman Rho test. Significant differences were considered p <0.05.Results:Alpha diversity indicators, such as the number of observed OTUs group and the faith index, showed a greater richness in AxSpA compared to HDs (p=0.03 and p=0.01). A significant decrease in family Bacteroidaceae (p=0.006) and an increase in families Synergistaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae were found in the microbiota of AxSpA (p=0.036, p=0.049). According to genera, Bacteroides decreased in AxSpA (p=0.006), while Dialister and Bifidobacterium increased (p=0.010 and p=0.046). Positive correlation among lumbar mSASSS (r=0.508, p=0.019) and Synergistaceae was found. This family was also increased along with the increase in enthesis damage (MASEI index (r=0.656, p=0.028)) and axial mobility by the BASMI index (r=0.529, p=0.011). Correlation studies between the decrease in Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides with disease activity measured by ASDAS (r=-0.697, p=0.025; r=-0.770, p=0.009) was also significant. Positive correlation was observed between Dialister with mSASSS (r=0.549, p=0.010) and BASMI (r=0.512, p=0.015).Conclusion:1) AxSpA patients had a significant alteration of the gut microbiota. 2) These alterations are associated with radiographic damage, disease activity, affectation of enthesis and axial mobility.Acknowledgments:PRL, supported by “Sara Borrell” (CD19/00216), IMI supported by “Miguel Servet tipo I” (CP16/00163), CGR supported by JdC Incorporación (IJCI-2017-33065). This work is supported by JA PI-0151-2018. Pablo Rodríguez Bada metagenomic platform CIBER-IBIMA.Disclosure of Interests:Gómez García Ignacio: None declared, Isabel Moreno-Indias: None declared, María del Carmen Castro Villegas: None declared, Maria del Carmen Abalos-Aguilera: None declared, MLourdes Ladehesa Pineda: None declared, Inmaculada Concepcion Aranda-Valera: None declared, Carolina Gutierrez Repiso: None declared, Alejandro Escudero Contreras Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene., Jiménez Gómez Yolanda: None declared, Nuria Barbarroja: None declared, Francisco Jose Tinahones: None declared, Eduardo Collantes Estevez Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene, Patricia Ruiz-Limon: None declared

Artemin, a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, is expressed in human and mice pre-implantation embryos and reproductive tract (Li et al. 2009 FEBS Lett. 583; Kawamura et al. 2012 PLoS One 7). In mice, artemin promotes in vitro embryo development and decreases apoptosis (Li et al. 2009 FEBS Lett. 583). The presence of artemin in cattle embryos and endometrium, however, is unknown. In this work we analysed artemin expression in bovine blastocysts and endometrium by immunohistochemistry and in uterine fluid (UF) by Western blot (WB). Briefly, Day-6 in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos (n = 50) were nonsurgically transferred to the uterus of heifers (n = 10, 50 IVP embryos per heifer) at nonconsecutive oestrus cycles. On Day 8, embryos and their corresponding diluted UF were flushed; blastocysts that developed entirely in vitro were also collected. In addition, endometrial samples were collected on Day 8 from slaughtered females that were embryo transferred (n = 6) and sham transferred (n = 6) on Day 5. Artemin localization was investigated in blastocysts and in endometrial samples, using immunohistochemical staining methods described elsewhere (Muñoz et al. 2012 J. Proteome Res. 11; Gómez et al. 2014 Reproduction pii: REP-14–0304). The signal-strength comparisons between uterus-exposed and IVP blastocysts were analysed using the software Confocal Uniovi Image-J. Quantification of WB protein bands was achieved by computer-assisted densitometry using Image-J software. Artemin was detected, with similar intensity, in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm from both uterus-developed and IVP blastocyst. All embryos analysed expressed artemin. The signal intensity and staining pattern observed did not differ between uterus-exposed and IVP blastocysts. In the endometrium, the most intense staining for artemin was localised to the apical sites in the luminal epithelium and in the glandular epithelium of superficial glands. There was also diffuse staining in the stroma and deep uterine glands. The uterine region and pregnant or cyclic status did not affect the artemin staining pattern. Artemin was detected by WB in all UF samples analysed (embryo transferred N = 10, sham transferred N = 10). However reliable quantitation of artemin by WB was unfeasible due to the broad dynamic range of artemin expression through samples. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the presence of artemin in bovine uterine endometrium and UF, and embryos during early development. As shown in mice, it is feasible that artemin might exert an autocrine/paracrine role during early embryo development in the cow. The study received grant support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MINECO, project AGL2012–37772 and FEDER). M. M. was supported by grant MICINN-RYC08–03454. The authors are members of the COST Action FA1201 Epiconcept.

Background:Benchmarking studies in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) may provide evidence of disparities, making it necessary to improve the healthcare and management of these patients.Objectives:To evaluate differences between Spain and the rest of Europe (RoE) in relation to sociodemographic characteristics, life habits, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in axSpA patients.Methods:Data from 2,846 unselected patients from the European Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (EMAS) were collected through an online survey, with a comparative analysis of 680 Spanish patients (2016) and 2,166 patients living in 12 other European countries (2017-2018). Socio-demographic characteristics, life habits, and PROs [BASDAI (0-10), spinal stiffness (3-12), and psychological distress (0-12, General Health Questionnaire GHQ-12)] were compared. The Χ2test was used for qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney test applied for quantitative variables.Results:Data from 680 (23.9%) Spanish patients were compared to 2,166 (76.1%) patients from the RoE. Compared to Spain, the RoE patients reported a higher percentage of females (64.1% vs 52.5%; p<0.001), university studies (51.7% vs 36.9%; p<0.001) and higher income per family member (€1,173.5 vs €823.2; p<0.001). In Spain, the proportion of respondents who were members of patient associations was higher than in RoE (44.3% vs 37.2%; p<0.001) (Table 1). Also compared to RoE, Spanish patients showed a greater diagnostic delay (8.5±7.7 vs 7.2±8.6; p<0.001), HLA-B27 carriership (77.1% vs 70.1%; p=0.003), and disease activity (5.7±2.0 vs 5.4±2.0; p=0.024). Despite lower diagnosis of anxiety and depression rates, Spanish patients reported greater psychological distress (5.7±4.5 vs 4.8±4.0; p<0.001). However, RoE patients declared greater spinal stiffness compared to Spanish patients (7.8±2.4 vs 7.5±2.7; p=0.009) (Table 2).Table 1.Comparison of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits of axSpA patients in Spain and in RoESpain (n = 680)Mean ± SD; n (%)RoE (n = 2,166)Mean ± SD; n (%)p-valueAge (Years)45.7 ± 10.843.4 ± 12.6<0.001*Gender (Female)357 (52.5)1389 (64.1)<0.001*Educational level - No schooling9 (1.3)23 (1.1)<0.001* - Primary school119 (17.5)144 (6.6) - High school301 (44.3)880 (40.6) - University251 (36.9)1,119 (51.7)Monthly income (€) per household member823.2 ± 656.41,173.5 ± 928.8<0.001*Smoking - Non-smoker or socially417 (71.3)1,679 (77.5)<0.001* - Less than 10 cig/day24 (4.1)111 (5.1) - More than 10 cig/day144 (24.6)376 (17.4)Alcohol - Never or occasionally503 (86.0)1,723 (79.5)<0.001* - 1–2 times per week37 (6.3)292 (13.5) - More than 2 per week45 (7.7)151 (7.0)Member of a patient support group301 (44.3)806 (37.2)0.001*Table 2.Comparison of PROs of axSpA patients between Spain and RoESpain (n = 680)Mean ± SD; n (%)RoE (n = 2166)Mean ± SD; n (%)p valueDiagnostic delay, years8.5 ± 7.77.2 ± 8.6<0.001*HLA-B27 (positive)391 (77.1)892 (70.1)0.003*BASDAI (0–10)5.7 ± 2.05.4 ± 2.00.024*Spinal Stiffness (3–12)7.5 ± 2.77.8 ± 2.40.009*GHQ-12 (0–12)5.7 ± 4.54.8 ± 4.0<0.001*Anxiety135 (19.9)674 (33.1)<0.001*Depression100 (14.7)610 (30.0)<0.001*Conclusion:In this study, significant differences between Spanish and RoE patients were observed for the burden of the disease in patients with axSpA. Patients in Spain experience a greater diagnostic delay and greater psychological distress.Acknowledgments:Funded by Novartis Farmacéutica S.A.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Eduardo Collantes-Estévez Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene., Victoria Navarro-Compán Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Pedro Zarco Montejo Grant/research support from: Pfizzer, MSD, ABBVIE, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Novartis, Lilly, Speakers bureau: Pfizzer, MSD, ABBVIE, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Novartis, Lilly, Carlos Sastré Employee of: YES; I´m Medical Advisor in Novartis Spain, Sergio Sanz-Gómez: None declared, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos: None declared, Jordi Gratacos-Masmitja Grant/research support from: a grant from Pfizzer to study implementation of multidisciplinary units to manage PSA in SPAIN, Consultant of: Pfizzer, MSD, ABBVIE, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Novartis, Lilly, Speakers bureau: Pfizzer, MSD, ABBVIE, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Novartis, Lilly

Background:Fragility fractures (FF) represent a health problem and among them, the VFF. They have worse vital prognosis, are at greater risk of new FF, had higher comorbidity, with clinical manifestations in only 30%-40% of cases. One in 6 women and one in 12 adult males will have a VFF.Objectives:To analyze the clinical characteristics of FF patients attended in the FLS at Virgen Macarena University Hospital. Compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of VFF patients with those with OFF.Methods:Design: Prospective cohort. Patients attended in the FLS from May 2018 to November 2019 in a protocolized manner (Openclinica®). Inclusion criteria: a clinical FF in the previous two years. Descriptive statistics: percentages and means with 25thand 75thpercentile. Inferential statistic by parametric and nonparametric tests. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee and patients signed consent to participate.Results:Data from 414 patients with a first FF are analyzed, 101 (25%) with VFF and 313 (76%) with OFF [188 (45%) hip, 66 (16%) distal radius, 32 (8%) humerus and 27 (6%) miscellaneous (pelvis, ribs, tibia)]. All VFFs analyzed had clinical symptoms and the number of fractured vertebrae was 2 (1-3). In 28 (37%) were FF of dorsal vertebrae, at 25 (33%) lumbar and 23 (30%) dorsal and lumbar. Comparative analysis showed differences in age VFF 71 (62-77) vs OFF 76 (66 – 83) years, p=0.0003. It highlighted a bimodal distribution according to age, with a peak incidence of 55 to 68 years and another between 75-80 years (Graph). Referral unit to FLS: VFF Rheumatology (42%) and/or Traumatology Emergency Room (44%) vs OFF Internal Medicine (45%) and General Traumatology Unit (38%), p=0.0001. There were also differences in the treatment with teriparatide (VFF 20% vs OFF 4%); zoledronate (VFF 6% vs OFF 3%) and alendronate (VFF 44% vs OFF 63%, p=0001); days of immobilization (VFF 30 (0 - 60) vs OFF 10 (0 - 30), p-0.01); they have greater independence to carry out activities of daily life (Barthel Scale) VFF 95(81 – 100) vs OFF 80 (60 – 95), p=0.00001; increased clamping force of hands 18 (12 - 20) vs 12 (8 - 18) mmHg, p=0.001, and lower risk of falls (J D Downton Scale) (VFF 43% vs OFF 60%, p=0,01). While the number of relevant comorbidities was higher in VFF 3 (1 - 5) vs OFF 2 (1 - 4) it was no statistical, p=0.3. The use of GCC was risky for VFF (n=13, 13%) vs OFF (n=17, 5%), p=0.01 and RR (95%CI) 2.3 (1.01 – 5.3) and not for other drugs (GnRH inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors or chemotherapy). No differences in sex were found (VFF 80%- vs OFF 80% women, p=0.9), previous FF history (9% vs 12%, p=0.2), secondary OP (16% vs 21%, p=0.1); percentage of patients with OP by femoral neck DEXA (VFF 35% vs 42%, p=0.2) or by lumbar spine DEXA (VFF 36% vs OFF 34%, p=0.8).Conclusion:VFF have a bimodal age-based distribution, usually occurring in younger patients, with a higher degree of independence and muscle strength and lower risk of falls, although they are associated with longer duration of immobilization, compared to OFF. In our cohort, VFFs affect 2 or more vertebrae and they are commonly treated with parenteral osteoporotic drugs. The use of glucocorticoids doubled the risk of developing a VFF, these findings are similar to those of others published cohorts.This project received a grant of the Ministry Health of the Junta de Andalucía Ref.PIN-0092-2016.Bibliography:[1]Gerdhem P. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 27 (2013) 743–755[2]McCarty J,et al. Diagnosis and management for vertebral compression fractures. American Family of Physicians Jul1, 2016 Vol 94 No 1.Disclosure of Interests:Blanca Hernández-Cruz Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Sanofi, BMS, STADA, Francisco Jesús Olmo Montes: None declared, Maria José Miranda García: None declared, María Dolores Jimenez Moreno: None declared, María Angeles Vázquez Gómez: None declared, Mercedes Giner García: None declared, Miguel Angel Colmenero Camacho: None declared, José Javier Pérez Venegas: None declared, María José Montoya García: None declared

This article is born from the results of a larger research that aimed to identify the relationship that the teacher establishes between his personal dimensions (identity) and the professional dimensions (teacher identity) in his formation and his practice, through reflection on his daily action. At this moment of the research the objective was to identify and describe the reflexive processes observed on the practical action of the teacher, as well as the paths covered in the formation and constitution of the professional identity. For this, the methodology of writing class diaries was used, mainly based on Zabalza's theoretical framework. The journals were developed by five teachers during three months in a semester, with subsequent reflection of the reports from a script presented to them by the researchers. The data, analyzed by the technique of Content Analysis, according to Bardin, revealed five categories that made explicit on the knowledge of teaching practice, reflexive processes, teacher training and the constitution of their professional identity. The results showed that the methodology used (class diaries) was efficient in order to allow a space for reflection, as a way to build an effective practice that is consistent with the personal issues of the professional. The reflections made by the teachers indicate that they live the complexities of the profession as a great burden to bear having unfinished ideas on coping strategies.ResumoEste artigo nasce dos resultados de uma pesquisa maior que objetivou identificar a relação que o professor estabelece entre suas dimensões pessoais (identidade) e as dimensões profissionais (identidade docente) na sua formação e na sua prática, através da reflexão sobre sua ação diária. Neste momento da pesquisa, o objetivo era identificar e descrever os processos reflexivos observados sobre a ação prática do professor, bem como os caminhos percorridos na formação e constituição da identidade profissional. Para tal foi utilizada a metodologia de redação de diários de aula, embasados, primordialmente, no referencial teórico da Zabalza. Os diários foram desenvolvidos por cinco docentes durante três meses em um semestre letivo, com posterior reflexão dos relatos a partir de um roteiro apresentado a eles pelos pesquisadores. Os dados, analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin, revelaram cinco categorias que explicitaram sobre os saberes da prática docente, os processos reflexivos, a formação do professor e a constituição de sua identidade profissional. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia utilizada (diários de aula) foi eficiente no sentido de permitir um espaço destinado à reflexão, como forma de construir uma prática eficaz e condizente com as questões pessoais do profissional. As reflexões feitas pelos professores indicam que vivem as complexidades da profissão como uma grande carga a se carregar tendo ideias inacabadas sobre estratégias de enfrentamento das mesmas.ResumenEste artículo nace de los resultados de una investigación mayor que objetivó identificar la relación que el profesor establece entre sus dimensiones personales (identidad) y las dimensiones profesionales (identidad docente) en su formación y en su práctica, a través de la reflexión sobre su acción diaria. En este momento de la investigación el objetivo era identificar y describir los procesos reflexivos observados sobre la acción práctica del profesor, así como los caminos recorridos en la formación y constitución de la identidad profesional. Para ello se utilizó la metodología de redacción de diarios de clase, fundamentados, primordialmente, en el referencial teórico de Zabalza. Los diarios fueron desarrollados por cinco docentes durante tres meses en un semestre lectivo, con posterior reflexión de los relatos a partir de un guión presentado a ellos por los investigadores. Los datos, analizados por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido, según Bardin, revelaron cinco categorías que explicitaron sobre los saberes de la práctica docente, los procesos reflexivos, la formación del profesor y la constitución de su identidad profesional. Los resultados mostraron que la metodología utilizada (diarios de clase) fue eficiente en el sentido de permitir un espacio destinado a la reflexión, como forma de construir una práctica eficaz y acorde con las cuestiones personales del profesional. Las reflexiones hechas por los profesores indican que viven las complejidades de la profesión como una gran carga a llevarse teniendo ideas inconclusas sobre estrategias de enfrentamiento de las mismas.Palavras-chave: Formação de professores, Reflexão, Identidade profissional.Keywords: Teacher training, Reflection, Professional identity.Palabras clave: Formación de profesores, La reflexión, Identidad profesional.ReferencesAGUIAR, M. C. C. Implicações da formação continuada para a construção da identidade profissional. Psicologia da Educação, 23, 155-173, 2006.ARIBONI, S; PERITO, R. Guia Prático para um projeto de pesquisa exploratória experimental descritiva. São Paulo: Unimarco, 2004.BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. Tradução Luís Antero Reto e Augusto Pinheiro. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1977.BOGDAN, R.; BIKLEN, S. K. Investigação qualitativa em educação: uma introdução à teoria e aos métodos. Porto, Portugal: Porto Editora, 1994.BORBA, O. 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This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers to physical activity among college students Study Design: Qualitative research design Eight focus group discussions on 67 college students aged 18-24 years (48 females, 19 males) was conducted on College premises. Data were analysed using inductive approach. Participants identified a number of obstacles to physical activity. Perceived barriers emerged from the analysis of the data addressed the different dimensions of the socio-ecological framework. The result indicated that the young adults perceived substantial amount of personal, social and environmental factors as barriers such as time constraint, tiredness, stress, family control, safety issues and much more. Understanding the barriers and overcoming the barriers at this stage will be valuable. Health professionals and researchers can use this information to design and implement interventions, strategies and policies to promote the participation in physical activity. This further can help the students to deal with those barriers and can help to instil the habit of regular physical activity in the later adult years.

Innovation in family firms is still a controversial issue within the academic community and poses some unique challenges for family business owners and managers. This special issue on innovation in family firms results from the cooperation of both academic and business guest editors, in a pioneering initiative that is not usual in academic journals. Indeed, a key feature of this Special Issue has been the collaboration with two family business leaders, who have been involved in the editorial process together with the academics. The two business editors that we involved are Antonio Gallardo, Vicepresident of Almiralland former director of FBN-Family Business Network,andIgnacio Osborne, CEO of the Osborne Groupand Chairman of the Spanish Family Firm Institute. In order to introduce the six papers that make up this special issue on innovation in family firms, we as academic editors are pleased to include some comments from the business editors that emerged during our interactions with the aim to make a step forward toward bridging the gap between research and practice on family business innovation, acknowledging the different perspectives and approaches adopted by academics and practitioners. As the business editor Mr. Osborne points: “Innovation issues in family firms are nowadays more important than ever, due to the rapid developments that are occurring in the business world and its corresponding technologies”. Despite being a topic analyzed by a number of authors over time (Feranita, Kotlar and De Massis, 2017; Aparicio, Iturralde and Sánchez-Famoso, 2020 in this issue; Chrisman, Chua, De Massis, Frattini and Wright, 2015), the study of innovation in family business still requires a greater volume of research to provide answers to the needs of family businesses. The distinctive nature of family firms results in a complex influence on the innovation process (De Massis, Frattini and Lichtenthaler, 2013), which is reflected in mixed research findings. For instance, the conclusions of the published research offer sometimes contradictory results, since family businesses can be considered innovative (Aronoff, 1998; Craig and Moores, 2006) or conservative (Sharma, Chrisman, y Chua, 1997; Zahra, Hayton y Salvato, 2004; Gómez-Mejía et al., 2007), with several studies that can support whatever of the two options. Family businesses present a number of characteristics that, a priori, seem to favor innovation, such as long-term orientation (Tagiuri and Davis, 1996; Ward and Aronoff, 1994), the desire for continuity through the following generations (Miroshnychenko et al., 2020; Gallo, 1995), patient capital (De Massis, Audretsch, Uhlaner and Kammerlander, 2018; Sirmon and Hitt, 2003), and the long tenure of their main leaders (Lorenzo, 2020). The replacement of the prior generation by the next generation implies the access of younger people to the leadership of the company, who also often present a greater level of qualification (De Massis et al., 2008; Cabrera-Suárez, 2011). Young and qualified leaders would provide a new momentum to the firm, by means of the renewal of the firm (Núñez-Cacho and Lorenzo, 2020). Likewise, the successors receive an important legacy by means of the values of the family business (Erdogan et al., 2020), such as effort, perseverance, austerity, excellence, long-term orientation and entrepreneurial spirit, as basic foundations of their way of understanding business activity (Bermejo, 2008). Accordingly, the new generation managers could be in the best conditions to reinvent the company, since they know the business from within and they also provide the new vision of a person with a working life ahead. Another factor that favors the renewal impulse of the next generation is the familial support to carry out a prolonged tenure over time, which will not be as conditioned by short-term results as in other types of companies, by the so-called patient capital (Sirmon and Hitt, 2003) of the family business (Lorenzo, 2020). But, even if these ideal conditions are met in a specific family firm, it is not guaranteed that the company realizes the innovation it needs. Therefore, it is needed to shed more light about the determinants and conditions for innovation. The editors of this special issue selected a number of papers to reflect the state-of-the-art on this topic, indicating some of the most promising research lines on innovation. According to the business editor Mr. Gallardo, “A very important aspect emerging from this special issue is that the papers published in it reveal that external contributions to the internal know-how of the family and the business are often vital to help produce the changes needed by a family firm for innovation to take place”. Innovation in the family business has been a phenomenon of great interest to researchers, especially in the last decade. This is highlighted in the article that opens this special issue by presenting a complete bibliometric review of the literature on innovation in family businesses. Generally, researchers have noted that the influence of the family is the factor that makes this type of businesses different from the other ones (Habbershon and Williams, 1999; Lorenzo and Núñez-Cacho, 2012). However, in order to conclude that this is really true, it is necessary to identify the nature of these differences and determine how and why they affect the innovative behavior of the family business. The paper Innovation on family businesses: A holistic bibliometric(Aparicio, Iturralde and Sánchez-Famoso, 2020) offers an overview of the research field through an analysis of 207 articles that were published between 1994 and 2017. The authors complement other recent reviews such as those by Feranita, Kotlar and De Massis (2017) and Calabrò, Vecchiarini, Gast, Campopiano, De Massis and Kraus (2019), and reflect about the take-off of research on innovation that takes place since 2009. In the study two differentiated periods are highlighted: An initial one that covers the years 1994 to 2009, and one of expansion from 2010 to 2017. In addition, they identify the most influential journals, the most referenced articles, the most productive scholars -namely, De Massis, Frattini, Craig, Chrisman, Fang, Kotlar and Nordqvist appear as the most productive and referenced ones- and the main lines of research developed, providing a clear and synthetic map of innovation research in family businesses today. This paper approaches innovation from a more theoretical perspective, and also presents the lines of research that are currently being developed. These lines include the internal factors of the family business and its influence on innovation, as well as external factors, among others advances in research in the subject. The paper An Analysis of Open Innovation Determinants: The Case Study of Singapore based Family owned Enterprises, by Koh, Kong and Timperio (2020, this issue) analyzes the drivers of open innovation by studying cases of family businesses in Singapore. The authors highlight the external determinants and catalysts of innovation projects, such as family and business culture, access to external funds, government support for initiatives, market dynamics and partnership between companies. In addition to these six external determinants, there are two other factors that have a great influence on open innovation. First, family capital, which is the main source of financing for innovative initiatives. Second, a strong external network, supported by Singapore's legal and regulatory framework that fosters innovation, promotes the development of an enabling business environment so that the spirit of innovation can truly thrive. Most of the surveyed companies’ managers mentioned process innovation as the most critical aspect, and also organizational innovation. Process innovation is considered superior by the companies included in the sample due to their capabilities to drive product innovation, marketing and organizational structure (and people). Organizational innovation is also considered of utmost importance, due to the need to adopt technologies such as digitalization, robotics or automation, which require an adequate organizational structure. Some ideas from the surveyed managers highlight these statements, like: "The correct processes create the necessary conditions to shape the products, as well as the marketing and organization structures," as well as "Having cutting-edge processes underway is a key differentiator." This study also reflects the need to establish new financing mechanisms adapted to the peculiarities of innovation processes. External capital injection and stimulus policies are necessary, although not sufficient, since they must be combined with the determinants of the internal functioning of family businesses. The relevance of the external network is also highlighted in the paper Collaborative innovation in the family SME: conceptualization, goals, and success factors, by Arzubiaga, Maseda, Uribarri and Palma Ruiz (2020, this issue), which analyzes the strategy of collaborative innovation that seeks the creation of knowledge, new product designs and Improving the efficiency of the production process. Among the conditions of collaborative innovation, four groups stand out: The composition of the management team (in terms of family members percentage and number of generations involved in management), abilities (cognitive factors, absorption capacity and trajectory in innovation), attitudes, and legacy preservation, (referring to socio-emotional wealth and internal behavior). These factors of small and medium family businesses play a crucial role in the successful design and implementation of collaborative innovation. The main contributions of this paper can be summarized in the need for establish solid bases to deepen in the future the study of collaborative innovation. Moreover, a second contribution refers to the identification of the distinguishing characteristics of family SMEs. Arzubiaga, Maseda, Uribarri and Palma Ruiz (2020, this issue) also propose the analysis of the possible moderating effects of firm size and the sector to refine the impact of the variables in this model, looking to achieve excellence in collaborative innovation. As business reviewer, Mr. Osbornehave highlighted collaborative innovation as one of the relevant issues in order to reinforce the role of innovation in their companies. Absorptive capacity is another aspect of great interest to researchers. There are numerous factors that condition it, some of them are features of the family character that make the behavior of family businesses paradoxical (Kotlar et al. 2020). The paper titled A mediating model of innovative capacity between absorptive capacity and family business performanceby Hernández-Perlines, Ariza-Montes and Araya-Castillo (2020, this issue) addresses the issue about absorptive capacity. Absorptive capacity is related to the identification, assimilation and exploitation of new knowledge by the company. Those family businesses that have these capabilities improve their performance. In addition, this effect is enhanced by the innovative capacity of the company, which acts as a mediator between absorption capacity and the company's performance, reinforcing this relationship. Thus, family business managers should focus their efforts on providing their organizations with the necessary skills to absorb and exploit knowledge. This will be easier if the company has developed innovative capabilities. In this sense, the business editor Mr. Gallardo points that: “There is also the possibility of establishing an advisory council with external collaborators that serves as a contrast to the company's board, in which oftentimes the weight of the family is too decisive.” The last two papers in this special issue address the role of family involvement in relation to innovation. Does too much love hinder innovation? Family involvement and firms' innovativeness in family-owned Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), by Filippo Ferrari (2020, this issue) reflects on the role of family cohesion and its flexibility in the process of innovation, drawing upon the Olson Circumplex model (Olson, 2000) which is applied in a sample of Italian family businesses. The study indicates that unbalanced families show the lowest levels of innovation, although family cohesion and flexibility do not show a significant correlation with the overall level of organizational innovation. Flexibility shows a positive correlation with the process and behavioral innovation, which can be explained by the demand for new forms and organizational routines to deal with process innovation. Here the author suggests some human resources practices that promote flexibility, such as labor rotation (Ortega, 2001), or the development of a horizontal internal career (Ichniowsky et al. 1996, 1997, 1999). Families that lack cohesion show a negative correlation with strategic innovation and process innovation. Ferrari (2020, this issue) considers as disconnected family systems those in which family members are not cohesive and have little family loyalty. On the other hand, innovation in processes is encouraged with new ideas through contributions in terms of new ways of doing things. According to the authors, the Olson Circumplex model (Olson, 2000) offers a framework that can diagnose the extent to which family systems are balanced and how the effects of balanced or unbalanced family dynamics can affect the family business (Daspit et al. 2018). Business reviewers were especially interested on the conclusions of this paper, and also pointed that it would be necessary more research on that kind of negative influences stemmed from lack of cohesion within the business family. Entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation: The moderating role of family involvement in management, by Fredyma, Ruiz Palomo and Diéguez (2020, this issue) addresses a classic concept closely linked to the study of innovation such as entrepreneurial orientation. The relationships between this variable and product innovation, incremental innovation and radical innovation are examined. The influence of family performance on the company is also analyzed. In their conclusions, Fredyma, Ruiz Palomo and Diéguez (2020, this issue) point out that family involvement weakens the positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation in product innovation, especially in case of radical innovation. Therefore, the family business must be aware of these weaknesses to correct them, professionalizing with non-family managers and including their participation in innovation decisions. This conclusion is stressed by both business editors, Mr. Osborne and Mr. Gallardo, who point out that: “Having a network of external collaborators, some of them generalists and others specialized in specific problems, is nowadays practically indispensable.” Finally, the academic editors sincerely appreciate the contributions of two prominent Spanish businessmen, who have contributed to enrich this special issue with a business perspective, which helps to overcome the division that is sometimes perceived between the academic world and the business one. Both Antonio Gallardo and Ignacio Osborne represent the entrepreneurial vision that they have been able to maintain in their families and in their companies for generations. We all know how challenging it is for a family business to be entrepreneurial across generations (e.g., De Massis, Eddleston and Rovelli, 2020). Last but now least, we want to express our gratitude to the editor of the European Journal of Family Business, Professor Vanesa Guzmán for her collaboration and contributions. The Osborne Group, founded in 1772, is one of the oldest family businesses in Europe. The group evolved from the original business of raising and exporting wines from Jerez to a wider food and beverage group which includes quality wines from various Spanish designations of origin, premium spirits, and products derived from Iberian pork, with a growing international acceptance, entering markets as demanding as China. Ignacio Osborne, a member of the sixth family generation, is the current president of the company since 2017, after 21 years as CEO. The company has been especially innovative in marketing, creating the symbol of the bull in the 50s, which has become a symbol that identifies the Spanish, transcending its initial origin as a reference for the winery. Almirallis a pharmaceutical company founded in 1943. It is currently run by the second generation, which are giving way to the third. Although innovation is an essential requirement to compete in pharmaceutics, Almirall has managed to develop some well-known products in Spain, as Almax and Cleboril, becoming one of most innovative companies in the industry. Antonio Gallardo is honorary vice president of his company, which he chaired for 26 years. In addition, he was also president of the Family Council and the Family Office, as well as a member of the Executive Committee of the Family Business Network and vice president of the Family Business Institute.