Journal articles: 'Gonadal weight'

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Baulier, Loïc, M. Joanne Morgan, George R. Lilly, Ulf Dieckmann, and Mikko Heino. "Reproductive investment in Atlantic cod populations off Newfoundland: Contrasting trends between males and females." FACETS 2, no. 2 (2017): 660–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0005.

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Life history theory predicts selection for higher reproductive investment in response to increased mortality among mature individuals. We tested this prediction over the period from 1978 to 2013 for three populations of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland. These populations were heavily fished for a long period. We considered changes in standardized gonad weight as a proxy for changes in gonadal investment. We accounted for the allometry between gonad and body weight, individual body condition, water temperature, and potential spatial and density-dependent effects. Males display significant temporal trends in gonadal investment in all populations; in agreement with theoretical predictions, these trends show increased gonadal investments during the earlier part of the time series when mortality was high, with the trends leveling off or reversing after the later imposition of fishing moratoria. In contrast, females display patterns that are less consistent and expected; significant trends are detected only when accounting for density-dependent effects, with females in two populations unexpectedly showing a long-term decline in gonadal investment. Our results support the hypothesis that fisheries-induced evolution has occurred in gonadal investment in males, but not in females, and suggest that gonadal investment is more important for male reproductive success than expected in this lekking species.

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Malurung, Yulianti, Nego E. Bataragoa, Meiske S. Salaki, Silvester B. Pratasik, and Ruddy D. Moningkey. "Length-weight relationship and gonadal index of juvenile bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775) in the waters around Tanamon Village South Minahasa." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 9, no. 2 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v9i2.35315.

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This study aims to determine the length-weight relationship, growth patterns, and gonadal index of juvenile bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira. Samples were collected using a hand line with a hook numbered 3 and a monofilament fishing line numbered 80. Sampling activities were carried out on July 26th – August 4th, August 26th - September 4th, and October 10th, 2020. A total of 70 fish, 22 females and 48 males was caught. Female length distribution ranged from 104 to 150 mm with a weight range of 18.19-55.87 g, while male length ranged from 107 to 150 mm in length with a weight of 19.00-57.00 g. The length-weight relationship was indicated with W= 0.0177L2.9344 (R2=0,7816) for males and W = 0.012L3.0817 (R2=0,8976) for females with isometric growth pattern. The length-weight relationship for combined sexes was W= 0.0156L2.9816 (R2=0,8186) with an isometric growth pattern. The gonadal maturity for all samples was at immature and developing stages. The gonadal index in female snapper at immature was 0.16 and developing was 0.41, whereas the male gonadal maturity index at immature was 0.14 and developing was 0.38.Keywords: Lutjanus kasmira; length-weight; gonad maturity; gonadal indexAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang berat, pola pertumbuhan dan indeks gonad ikan kakap Lutjanus kasmira. Sampel ikan ditangkap menggunakan pancing ulur mata pancing nomor 3 dan tali monofilament nomor 80. Aktivitas pengambilan sampel dilakukan masing-masing pada 26 Juli-4 Agustus, 26 Agustus-4 September 2020, dan 10 Oktober 2020. Sebanyak 70 individu sampel diperoleh, 22 betina dan 48 jantan. Sebaran ukuran panjang ikan betina 104-150 mm dan berat 18,19-55,87 g. Sebaran ukuran panjang ikan jantan 107-150 mm dan berat 19,00-57,00 g. Hubungan panjang-berat diperoleh W= 0,0177L2,9344 (R2=0,7816) untuk jantan dan W = 0,012L3,0817 (R2=0,8976) untuk betina dengan pola pertumbuhan isometrik. Gabungan ikan kakap jantan dan betina diperoleh W= 0,0156L2,9816 (R2=0,8186) dengan pola pertumbuhan isometrik. Tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) terhadap seluruh sampel baik jantan maupun betina berada pada TKG I (belum matang) dan TKG II (berkembang). Indeks gonad pada ikan kakap betina pada TKG I sebesar 0,16 dan TKG II sebesar 0,41. Indeks kematangan gonad ikan kakap jantan pada TKG I sebesar 0,14 dan TKG II sebesar 0,38.Kata Kunci: Lutjanus kasmira, panjang-berat, kematangan gonad, indeks gonad

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Zulkifli, Dadan, Ratna Suharti, Yuni Fast Track Anjeli Sihombing, et al. "Biological aspects of squid (Loligo edulis) in the waters of Eastern North Sumatra, Indonesia." Depik 12, no. 1 (2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.12.1.28602.

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Squid is one of the non-fish resources that have economic value and is a target species in demersal fisheries activities with squid fishing gear and stick-held deep net. This research aims to determine the biological aspects of squid (Loligo edulis) such as length frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, gonadal maturity level, gonadal maturity index, size at first caught, and size at first maturity of the gonads. The method used in this research was a descriptive survey. The sample collection method used systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. This observation was carried out on March 7 to July 30, 2022, at the Belawan Ocean Fishing Port and Tanjung Balai Port. The results showed that the average length distribution of squid was 17.73 cm. The relationship between the length and weight of squid is negative allometric. The sex ratio is 1:1.05. The negative allometric growth pattern is dominated by Gonadal Maturity Level (GML) I and GML II. The highest GML value for male squid was 2.06% at GML III, and the highest GML value for female squid was 1.92% at GML III. The average size of the caught squid length (Lc) is 10.42 cm. The size of the first gonad maturity (Lc) was 13.32 cm.Keywords:SquidBiological aspectsFisheries aspectManagement effort

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Tarigan, Adriana, Darma Bakti, and Desrita Desrita. "Tangkapan dan tingkat kematangan gonad Ikan selar kuning (Selariodes leptolepis) di Perairan Selat Malaka." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 4, no. 2 (2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v4i2.300.

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Biologi reproduksi meliputi distribusi frekuensi panjang, hubungan berat-panjang tubuh, rasio jenis kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks somatic gonad (IKG), diameter telur. Data primer yang digunakan adalah panjang dan berat tubuh, bobot dan gonad Ikan yang diperoleh dari 360 ekor sampel. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari Laporan Statistik Perikanan PPS Belawan berupa jumlah produksi, dan jumlah tangkapan ikan tahun 2011-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi panjang ikan berkisar antara 110 mm - 163 mm. pola pertumbuhan ikan adalah alometrik negatif dengan koefisien korelasi jantan dan betina mendekati 1 yaitu 0,812 dan 0,733. Indeks kematangan gonad untuk ikan betina adalah lebih besar dibanding ikan jantan. Tingkat kematangan gonad diperoleh dari tingkat I, II, III, dan IV.Reproductive biology including length frequency distribution, long weight relationship, sex ratio, gonadal maturity level, gonadal somatic index and egg diameters. Primary data used is lenght and body weight. Weighting obtained as many as 360 samples. Secondary data was collected from Fishing Statistical Report of PPS Belawan, which were the amount of production, and fishing effort of the year 2011-2016. The results showed the frequency distribution of fish length of 110 mm – 163 mm. Character growth negative allometric with a correlation coefficient males and females approximate to 1 whereas 0.812 and 0.733. Gonadal maturity index for females fish than large from males fish. Gonadal maturity index obtained by the I, II, III, and IV.

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Young, P. C., G. J. West, R. J. McLoughlin, and R. B. Martin. "Reproduction of the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus, Reeve, 1852 in Bass Strait, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98149.

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To examine the reproduction of Pecten fumatus Reeve, 1852, samples were taken monthly from beds off King Island and in Banks Strait, from July 1986 to July 1987. For each sample the mean gonad-free tissue weight and standardized gonad weight were calculated. The percentage of the sample with each of five macroscopically determined reproductive stages was also measured. Changes in the proportion of cell types within the ovarian part of the gonad were determined by histological and stereological methods. A seasonal cycle of gonadal development occurred at each site, commencing at the time of lowest water temperatures and highest nutrient concentrations. This development progressively increased as the nutrient concentrations declined. No correlation was seen between chlorophyll a and gonad condition. A synchrony in gonad condition was present among individuals in samples; this was greatest at Banks Strait where gonads were larger, and phosphate, nitrate and silicate concentrations were significantly greater. There was no reduction in somatic tissue weight with increase in gonad tissue weight. Maximum gonad development preceded spatfall at each site by about one month.

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Kurniawan, Ardiansyah, Neri Rizkika, and Yulian Fakhrurrozi. "LONG AND WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP TO FECUNDITY OF CEMPEDIK FISH (Osteochilus spilurus) IN CATCHING SEASON IN THE LENGGANG RIVER, EAST BELITUNG." Journal of Aquatropica Asia 7, no. 1 (2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/joaa.v7i1.3296.

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The one of Belitung Island’s native fish which has important economic value is Cempedik fish (Osteochilus spilurus). Its consumption, which still relies on natural catchments, requires a study of its biology and ecology. One of the studies that have never been studied in the maturity of this species is the relationship of fecundity with fish weight - length and gonad weight. This study used samples of Cempedik fish from the Lenggang River, East Belitung which were obtained randomly from the catches of fishermen. Sampling adjusts the fishing season that occurs in the rainy season. The preparation was carried out on whole fish using 4% formalin. Calculation of fecundity gravimetrically and compared with fish lengths and gonad weights in the graph. Fecundity in 2015 was 222 – 10,947 eggs and in 2016 there were 335 – 2,060 eggs. Fish body length and weight affected the fecundity of the 2015 fish sample but had no effect on the 2016 sample. This is predicted to occur due to differences in sampling time to position and rainfall in the rainy season, availability and suitability of natural feed, and changes in habitat quality. Gonadal weight correlated with fecundity, where the higher the gonadal weight, the higher the fecundity. Keywords: Cempedik, rainy season, maturity, fecundity.

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Paul-Prasanth, Bindhu, Yasushi Shibata, Ryo Horiguchi, and Yoshitaka Nagahama. "Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol During Embryonic and Larval Stages of Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes) Leads to Sex Reversal in Genetic Males and Reduced Gonad Weight in Genetic Females." Endocrinology 152, no. 2 (2011): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0812.

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Abstract Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in artificially induced ovarian differentiation were analyzed by exposing embryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to a potent nonsteroidal estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES). Embryos were exposed for short-exposure (SE) [from 0 to 8 d postfertilization (dpf)] and long-exposure (LE) periods (from 0 to 18/28 dpf) to 1 ng/ml of DES, and status of sexual differentiation in somatic and germ cells of these gonads was analyzed at 8, 18, and 28 dpf by histology, cell proliferation assays, TUNEL assay, and in situ hybridization using sex-specific somatic and germ cell markers. Additionally, gonads of exposed fry were examined after withdrawal of DES to see whether effects of DES in exposed fish were reversible or not. DES induced germ cell proliferation and meiosis in XY fry of SE and LE groups. However, SE induced only a partial reduction in expression of gonadal soma-derived factor, the male-dominant somatic cell marker, and was not sufficient to induce ovarian development after withdrawal of DES. On the contrary, LE resulted in complete loss of such male-specific gene expression in somatic cells of XY gonads, and these gonads underwent sustained ovarian development even after withdrawal of DES. Importantly, LE to DES affected germ cell proliferation in XX gonads adversely during early stages of sexual differentiation, leading to reduced gonad weight in adulthood. Interestingly, apoptosis was not the cause for reduction in germ cell number. Taken together, these results indicated that DES exposure has long-lasting effects on the gonadal development in genetic males (sex reversal) and females (reduced gonad weight) of medaka.

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Anido, Rodrigo Vargas, Evoy Zaniboni-Filho, Alexandre Sachsida Garcia, Sueli Regina Baggio, and Débora Machado Fracalossi. "Characterization of the ovary fatty acids composition of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard) (Teleostei: Siluriformes), throughout their reproductive cycle." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 2 (2015): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140139.

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Knowledge about gonad fatty acid composition is important for broodstock diet formulation. This study characterized ovary fatty acid composition of wild female jundiá catfish (Rhamdia quelen) in their different gonadal maturation stages. Female jundiá (n = 36, average weight= 383.8 + 208.8 g) were captured in the rio Uruguay, comprising all seasons. Ovaries were extracted and classified according to their gonadal maturation stage. Gonad-somatic ratio varied significantly among seasons, being higher in spring (3.7), followed by summer (2.2), winter (0.9) and autumn (0.6). Main fatty acids groups detected were: saturated (SFA= 35.5%), monounsaturated (MUFA= 28.1%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA= 33.5%). Over the four seasons, palmitic acid was recorded in large quantities, followed by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). ARA was present in higher concentrations in immature or maturing ovaries, and its content decreased along the maturation process. Conversely, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents increased during maturation. Such variation resulted in an increase in EPA/ARA and DHA/ARA ratios in mature gonads, which can be important for successful breeding. Such findings suggest that jundiá broodstock diets should contain lipids that provide long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from both the n-3 and n-6 series to ensure gonadal maturation completion.

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Rachmawati, Farida Nur, Untung Susilo, and Muslih Muslih. "Karakteristik reproduksi ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 yang diinduksi GNRH-analog." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 17, no. 2 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v17i2.355.

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Eel, Anguilla bicolor McClelland was hard to mature in captivity, due to low levels of pituitary gonadotropin. In order to stimulate gonadal maturation in captivity, exogenous gonadotropin is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of GnRH-analog induction on gonadal maturation of tropical eel base on the value of the eye index, gonado-somatic index, and estradiol levels. The study was carried out experimentally with a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replications. The treatments were the induction of hormone GnRH-analogues with doses of 0.0; 0.5 and 1.0 ml kg-1 body weight. Eel with an average total length of 67 cm and an average weight of 500 g were injected with different doses of GnRH-analog (0.0; 0.5 and 1.0 ml kg-1 body weight), kept in the fiberglass aquarium for two months. The eels were fed with discard fish daily in ad libitum at 16.00 pm. The observed variables were eye index, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), and estradiol levels. The results showed that injection of three different doses of GnRH-analog did not affect on the increasing of GSI, eye index (P> 0.05), and estradiol (P <0.05). Induction of GnRH-analog of 0.0; 0.5 and 1.0 ml kg-1 body weight can not stimulate the gonadal maturity of tropical eel. AbstrakIkan sidat Anguilla bicolor McClelland sulit matang gonad dalam kondisi budi daya, karena rendahnya kadar gonado-tropin pituitari. Oleh karena itu untuk memacu pematangan gonad ikan sidat dalam kondisi budi daya perlu ditambah-kan gonadotropin secara eksogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh induksi GnRH-analog terhadap pe-matangan gonad ikan sidat berdasarkan perubahan nilai indeks mata, indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), dan kadar estradiol. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan delapan ulangan. Perlakuan percobaan terdiri atas induksi hormon GnRH-analog dengan dosis 0,0; 0,5 dan 1,0 ml kg-1 bobot badan. Ikan sidat dengan rata-rata ukuran panjang 67 cm dan rata-rata bobot 500 g sebanyak 18 ekor yang telah diinduksi dengan berbagai dosis GnRH analog (0, 0,5 dan 1 ml kg-1 bobot badan) dipelihara dalam akuarium fiberglass selama dua bulan. Pakan berupa ikan rucah diberikan satu kali sehari pada pukul 16.00 secara ad libitum. Variabel yang diamati adalah indeks mata, IKG, dan kadar estradiol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi hormon GnRH-analog tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan nilai indeks mata, nilai IKG (p>0,05), dan kadar estradiol ikan sidat (p<0,05). Induksi hormon GnRH-analog dengan dosis 0,5 dan 1 ml kg-1 bobot badan tidak efektif memacu pematangan gonad ikan sidat.

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Gooley, GJ, TA Anderson, and P. Appleford. "Aspects of the reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) (Percicthidae), in Lake Charlegrark and adjacent farm ponds, Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 4 (1995): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950723.

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The gonadal development of Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii, in Lake Charlegrark, Victoria, and adjacent farm ponds was evaluated. Gonadosomatic index, macroscopic classification and histological analysis were used to determine the age at first maturity and the gonadal development in this introduced population. There is a marked difference between the sexes in the size at first maturity, with females maturing at approximately 6 years of age and 2000 g in weight and males maturing at 3-4 years and 700 g. Gonadosomatic index data indicate that spawning occurs around November. Ovarian development in this species follows a pattern similar to that in a number of other teleosts. Testes have a lobular structure. Macroscopic evaluation of ovaries provided a good indication of the stage of the development of the gonad. However, the presence of spermatozoa throughout the year in the gonads of mature male fish makes the macroscopic evaluation of testicular development less reliable. Three cod, approximately 1% of the population, contained gonads with both ovarian and testicular tissue.

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Mikola, MK, NA Rahman, TH Paukku, et al. "Gonadal tumors of mice double transgenic for inhibin-alpha promoter-driven simian virus 40 T-antigen and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase are sensitive to ganciclovir treatment." Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 1 (2001): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700079.

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We have previously produced transgenic (TG) mice expressing the mouse inhibin alpha-subunit promoter/Simian virus 40 T-antigen (Inhalpha/Tag) fusion gene. The mice develop gonadal somatic cell tumors at the age of 5-7 months; the ovarian tumors originate from granulosa cells, and those of the testes from Leydig cells. In the present study another TG mouse line was produced, expressing under the same inh-alpha promoter the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (Inhalpha/TK). Crossbreeding of the two TG mouse lines resulted in double TG mice (Inhalpha/TK-Inhalpha/Tag), which also developed gonadal tumors. The single (Inhalpha/Tag) and double TG (Inhalpha/TK-Inhalpha/Tag) mice, both bearing gonadal tumors, were treated at the age of 5.5-6.5 months with ganciclovir (GCV, 150 mg/kg body weight twice daily i.p.) for 14 days, or with aciclovir (ACV, 300-400 mg/kg body weight per day perorally) for 2 months. During GCV treatment, the total gonadal volume including the tumor, decreased in double TG mice by an average of 40% (P<0.05), while in single TG mice, there was a concomitant increase of 60% in gonadal size (P<0.05). GCV was also found to increase apoptosis in gonads of the double TG mice. Peroral treatment with ACV was less effective, it did not reduce significantly the gonadal volume. We also analyzed the in vitro efficacy of ACV and GCV treatments in transiently HSV-TK-transfected KK-1 murine granulosa tumor cells, originating from a single-positive Inhalpha/Tag mouse. GCV proved to be more effective and more specific than ACV in action. These results prove the principle that targeted expression of the HSV-TK gene in gonadal somatic cell tumors is potentially useful for tumor ablation by antiherpes treatment. The findings provide a lead for further development of somatic gene therapy for gonadal tumors.

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González-Félix, Mayra, Perla Urquidez-Bejarano, Martin Perez-Velazquez, Reina Castro-Longoria, and Celia Vazquez-Boucard. "Biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of gonads from wild and cultured Shortfin corvina (Cynoscion parvipinnis) during the early maturation stage." Archives of Biological Sciences 69, no. 3 (2017): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs160831124g.

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Cynoscion parvipinnis is an important fisheries resource of the Gulf of California used locally for human consumption. Its aquaculture potential has recently been demonstrated, and cultured organisms are already available. In this study, the gonadal developmental stage, proximate composition, fatty acid profile and other biochemical and biological indices of wild and cultured fish were characterized. A total of 80 fish, 30 cultured (15 female and 15 male) and 50 wild (31 female and 19 male), captured in November at Santa Rosa, Sonora, Mexico, were analyzed. Histological analyses of the gonads showed that 100% of the wild and cultured fish were at an early maturation stage. Wild fish had greater body weight, total length and gonadosomatic index. Cultured female fish (19.64%) possessed a slightly higher protein content in their gonads than wild females (17.11%), whereas males had similar values (14.00 and 14.83%). Cultured females (10.85%) and males (20.48%) had a significantly greater crude fat content than wild fish (female: 2.05%, male: 11.05%). Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid (FA), ranging from 128.58-164.84 mg of 16:0 g-1 of gonad wet weight. After 16:0, highly unsaturated FAs like DHA, ARA and EPA were the major FA in gonadal tissue; n-3 FAs were quantitatively higher than n-6 FAs, while the n-3/n-6 ratios ranged from 2.08-2.81. In general, the biochemical composition of the gonad of wild and cultured organisms at an early maturation stage was quite similar. These data may serve as indicators of dietary requirements for a maturation diet for broodstock culture.

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Chakraborty, Binay K., SA Azad, B. Barman, and AMO Faruque. "Fecundity and gonado somatic index of Gangetic mud eel, Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 41, no. 2 (2015): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v41i2.23318.

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The gonado-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity of Gangetic mud eels Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) were investigated during January to December, 2010 at Sherpur, Bangladesh. Highest GSI value was found in the month of June and the values began to fall gradually from July to December in both sexes. The fecundity ranged from 458.0±31.22 to 1116.0±11.31 in 62 samples having a total length of 54.25±1.71 to 66.05±0.71 cm, body weight from 256.33±45.14 to 492.50±2.50 g and gonad weight from 21.32±4.48 to 55.90±0.98 g. The relationships between body length and fecundity was found to be polynomial of second order of body weight and was expressed as: Y=0.2683 X2- 1.9383 X+370.72. The regression equation established for fecundity on total body weight was Y=454.37 X-692.8. The regression equation established for fecundity on total gonad weight was Y=19.602 X-27.546. The above equation showed that the relationships between fecundity and total weight was curvilinear. A highly significant (P<0.01) linear relationship was found to exist between fecundity and gonadal weight.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 165-172, 2013

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Hop, Haakon, Vance L. Trudeau, and Mark Graham. "Spawning energetics of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in relation to seasonal development of the ovary and plasma sex steroid levels." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 3 (1995): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-055.

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Gonadal development in Arctic cod starts in August in high Arctic Canada. Male gonads develop at a faster rate than female gonads initially, and reach maximum size about two months prior to females. Under laboratory conditions (at 1.0 °C), female Arctic cod became ripe and started to spawn in mid-February, which concurred with field observations. Ripe gonad weight increased with body size; mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) of ripe females was 47.7%, and potential fecundity averaged 26 500 eggs. At the time when ripe females started to spawn, some females were still unripe (GSI = 20.2%). Their eggs were not hydrated, and these fish had significantly higher levels of sex steroids (estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and testosterone) in their blood than ripe fish. Arctic cod are repeat spawners, at least under laboratory conditions, in spite of the large amount of energy allocated to reproduction (306 kJ lost from liver and muscle during gonadal development and 125 kJ as eggs during spawning). A high energy investment into reproduction, for a fish that matures at an early age, may be balanced against high predation rates on this species during the open-water season in the Canadian high Arctic.

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Novianingrum, Praditha, Djumanto Djumanto, Murwantoko Murwantoko, and Eko Setyobudi. "Biologi reproduksi ikan layur, Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 di perairan pantai Kabupaten Bantul." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 17, no. 2 (2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v17i2.361.

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Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) is one commodity fish catches with high production and value in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research is to analyse reproductive aspects of this fish in coastal area of Bantul Regency. Yogyakar-ta. Those aspects are gonadal maturity level, fecundity, and the length at the first gonadal maturity. Fish samples are taken from the catch of fisherman using gillnet with a mesh sizes of 1.75 and 2 inches in the coastal fishing port of Depok and Samas. The fish collected from January to April 2016 with at least 30 individuals every two weeks. The samples are identified to find their sex and measured to know the length, weight, and gonadal maturity level (TKG). The data analyzed include length distribution, weight, sex ratio, gonadosmoatic index, length at the first gonadal maturity (Lm), fecundity and oocyte diameter. The result shows the fish length varies between 52.8 and 86.2 cm, and weight 115 and 567.2 g. The sex ratio between male and female was 1:0.6. Gonad maturity stage II and III are found every month observation while gonad maturity stage IV found in April. Oocyte diameter in the stage of gonadal ma-turity IV was 0.35-1.02 mm, there were two distribution modus so that the spawning expected partial spawner with fec-undity of 24.601 eggs with range was 12.873-33.534 eggs. Fecundity increased as parent’s body length with equation F= 0,434L2.60. Hairtail expected reaching the length of the first gonadal maturity in 65.55 cm, higher than the average captured, namely 63.4 cm. AbstrakIkan layur (Trichiurus lepturus) merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil tangkapan ikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan jumlah produksi dan nilai yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek reproduksi yang meliputi: tingkat kematangan gonad, fekunditas, dan ukuran ikan kali pertama matang gonad layur di perairan pantai Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel ikan dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang menggunakan jaring insang dengan ukuran mata jaring 1,75 dan 2 inci di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Depok dan Samas. Pengumpulan sampel ikan dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga April 2016 setiap dua minggu sekali minimal 30 ekor. Sampel ikan diidentifikasi jenis kelamin, diukur panjang, bobot tubuh, bobot gonad, dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG). Data yang dianalisis meliputi sebaran panjang, bobot, nisbah kelamin, indeks kematangan gonad, ukuran ikan kali pertama matang gonad (Lm), fekunditas, dan diameter telur. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kisaran panjang ikan 52,8-86,2 cm dan bobot 115-567,2 g, nisbah betina dan jantan sebesar 1 : 0,6. TKG II dan III ditemukan pada setiap bulan pengamat-an sedangkan TKG IV banyak ditemukan pada bulan April. Diameter telur ikan TKG IV berkisar 0,35-1,02 mm, terda-pat dua modus persebaran sehingga pemijahan diduga bertahap dan fekunditas sebanyak 24.601 butir dengan kisaran 12.873-33.534 butir. Fekunditas meningkat seiring panjang tubuh induk dengan persamaan F = 0,434L2,60. Ukuran ikan layur kali pertama matang gonad diperkirakan pada panjang 65,55 cm, lebih panjang daripada ukuran rata-rata tertangkap, yaitu pada 63,4 cm.

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Novianingrum, Praditha, Djumanto Djumanto, Murwantoko Murwantoko, and Eko Setyobudi. "Biologi reproduksi ikan layur, Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 di perairan pantai Kabupaten Bantul." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 17, no. 2 (2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v17i2.362.

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Largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) is one commodity fish catches with high production and value in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research is to analyse reproductive aspects of this fish in coastal area of Bantul Regency. Yogyakar-ta. Those aspects are gonadal maturity level, fecundity, and the length at the first gonadal maturity. Fish samples are taken from the catch of fisherman using gillnet with a mesh sizes of 1.75 and 2 inches in the coastal fishing port of Depok and Samas. The fish collected from January to April 2016 with at least 30 individuals every two weeks. The samples are identified to find their sex and measured to know the length, weight, and gonadal maturity level (TKG). The data analyzed include length distribution, weight, sex ratio, gonadosmoatic index, length at the first gonadal maturity (Lm), fecundity and oocyte diameter. The result shows the fish length varies between 52.8 and 86.2 cm, and weight 115 and 567.2 g. The sex ratio between male and female was 1:0.6. Gonad maturity stage II and III are found every month observation while gonad maturity stage IV found in April. Oocyte diameter in the stage of gonadal ma-turity IV was 0.35-1.02 mm, there were two distribution modus so that the spawning expected partial spawner with fec-undity of 24.601 eggs with range was 12.873-33.534 eggs. Fecundity increased as parent’s body length with equation F= 0,434L2.60. Hairtail expected reaching the length of the first gonadal maturity in 65.55 cm, higher than the average captured, namely 63.4 cm. AbstrakIkan layur (Trichiurus lepturus) merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil tangkapan ikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan jumlah produksi dan nilai yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek reproduksi yang meliputi: tingkat kematangan gonad, fekunditas, dan ukuran ikan kali pertama matang gonad layur di perairan pantai Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel ikan dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang menggunakan jaring insang dengan ukuran mata jaring 1,75 dan 2 inci di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Depok dan Samas. Pengumpulan sampel ikan dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga April 2016 setiap dua minggu sekali minimal 30 ekor. Sampel ikan diidentifikasi jenis kelamin, diukur panjang, bobot tubuh, bobot gonad, dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG). Data yang dianalisis meliputi sebaran panjang, bobot, nisbah kelamin, indeks kematangan gonad, ukuran ikan kali pertama matang gonad (Lm), fekunditas, dan diameter telur. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kisaran panjang ikan 52,8-86,2 cm dan bobot 115-567,2 g, nisbah betina dan jantan sebesar 1 : 0,6. TKG II dan III ditemukan pada setiap bulan pengamat-an sedangkan TKG IV banyak ditemukan pada bulan April. Diameter telur ikan TKG IV berkisar 0,35-1,02 mm, terda-pat dua modus persebaran sehingga pemijahan diduga bertahap dan fekunditas sebanyak 24.601 butir dengan kisaran 12.873-33.534 butir. Fekunditas meningkat seiring panjang tubuh induk dengan persamaan F = 0,434L2,60. Ukuran ikan layur kali pertama matang gonad diperkirakan pada panjang 65,55 cm, lebih panjang daripada ukuran rata-rata tertangkap, yaitu pada 63,4 cm.

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Marsaoly, Rafil, Nego Bataragoa, Ari B. Rondonuwu, Adnan S. Wantasen, Unstain Rembet, and Jans Lalita. "Biometrics and Reproduction of Redbelly Yellowtail fusilier Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791) in Guraping Bay, Halmahera Island, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 12, no. 1 (2023): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v12i1.49322.

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This study aims to analyze the biometrics of yellowtail fish (length-weight relationship, growth patterns, condition factors, length-fecundity relationship) and reproductive aspects (gonadal maturity level, gonadal maturity index, and fecundity). The yellowtail fish sample used in this study was taken from fishermen's catches in April 2023. A total of 73 male individuals 17.0-29.9 cm total length, 62.00-356.00 gram, 77 female individuals 17.5-8 .1 cm total length, weight 69.88-288.00 grams. Male length-weight relationship W= 0.0140L2.9662 R2= 0.9812, isometric growth pattern. Female W= 0.0166L2.9104, R2 = 0.9633, growth pattern isometric. Condition factor 1.00 ± 0.06 for males and 1.00 ± 0.07 for females. Gonadal maturity levels I, II, III, IV and V for both males and females with the number of individuals at TKG I 65, II 26, III 25, IV 24, and V 10 individuals. The gonadal maturity index with the highest average value was 1.08 ± 0.47 at TKG IV. Fecundity ranged from 1.771-68.425 which was calculated on 28 fish samples with a mean ± SD of 20.158 ± 19.110. Biometric relationship with fecundity F = 102.67L0.1955, R² = 0.0789 shows a very weak relationship between length and fecundity. Keywords: Length-weight, condition factor, maturity, gonad index, fecundity. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biometrik ikan ekor kuning (hubungan panjang-berat, pola pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi, hubungan panjang-fekunditas) dan aspek reproduksi (tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, dan fekunditas). Sampel ikan ekor kuning yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambil dari tangkapan nelayan pada bulan April 2023. Sebanyak 73 individu jantan 17,0-29,9 cm panjang total, 62,00-356,00 gram, 77 individu betina 17,5-8,1 cm panjang total, berat 69,88-288,00 gram. Hubungan panjang-berat jantan W= 0,0140 L 2,9662 R2= 0,9812, pola pertumbuhan isometrik. Betina W= 0,0166L2,9104, R2 = 0,9633, pola pertumbuhan isometrik. Fakotor kondisi 1,00±0,06 untuk jantan dan betina 1,00±0,07. Tingkat kematangan gonad I, II, III, IV dan V baik jantan maupun betina dengan jumlah individu pada TKG I 65, II 26, III 25, IV 24, dan V 10 individu. Indeks kematangan gonad dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi yaitu 1,08±0,47 pada TKG IV. Fekunditas berkisar pada 1.771-68.425 yang dihitung pada 28 sampel ikan dengan rata-rata ± SD 20.158 ±19.110. Hubungan biometrik dengan fekunditas F = 102,67L0,1955, R² = 0,0789 menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat lemah antara panjang dan fekunditas. Kata Kunci: Panjang-berat, faktor kondisi, kematangan gonad indeks, fekunditas.

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Ekawaty, Rani, and Irwan Jatmiko. "Reproductive biology of kawakawa, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) in Eastern Indian Ocean." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 18, no. 3 (2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v18i3.313.

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Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the economically important fish species for fishermen in Denpasar, Bali. The objective of this study was to analyze the reproductive biology of kawakawa such as the gonadal maturity level (GML), gonad maturity index (GMI) and the length proportion of the mature gonads 50% (L50) and 95% (L95) of kawakawa in the Eastern Indian Ocean. Fish samples were collected from the fishermen catch landed at Kedonganan Fishing Port (PPI), Bali from May to September 2016. The total of fish samples collected were 168 individual. Each individual species was measured their fork length (FL), individual weight, gonad weight and determination of gonadal maturity level. The data obtained were analyzed to determine GML, GMI and proportions of gonads mature. The results showed that the fork length ranged from 26-55 cm with an average of 38 cm and dominated by a 28 cm. The maturity level of fish gonads was dominated by GML III (38%), followed by GML II (26%), GML I (22%) and GML IV (14%), respectively. The average gonad maturity index was 0.558 with a range of 0.009-5.075. The length of gonad matured in proportion 50% and 95% was 48.4 cm and 55.7 cm, respectively. It is suggested to regulating in fishing capture of kawakawa so that 50% of the fish caught have spawned.AbstrakTongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting bagi nelayan di Denpasar, Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biologi reproduksi ikan tongkol komo seperti tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) dan panjang proporsi matang gonad 50% (L50) dan 95% (L95) tongkol komo di Samudra Hindia Bagian Timur. Contoh ikan dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Kedonganan, Bali dari bulan Mei hingga September 2016. Jumlah contoh ikan yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 168 ekor, masing-masing diukur panjang cagak, bobot individu, bobot gonad dan penetapan TKG. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk menentukan TKG, IKG dan proporsi matang gonad. Hasil penelitian diperoleh panjang cagak berkisar antara 26-55 cm dengan rata-rata 38 cm dan didominasi kelas panjang 28 cm. Tingkat kematangan gonad ikan didominasi oleh TKG III (38%), kemudian diikuti oleh TKG II (26%), TKG I (22%) dan TKG IV (14%). Rata-rata indeks kematangan gonad sebesar 0,558 dengan kisaran 0,009-5,075. Proporsi Panjang matang gonad 50% dan 95% berturut-turut adalah 48,4 cm dan 55,7 cm. Perlu dilakukan pengaturan penangkapan sehingga 50% ikan yang tertangkap sudah pernah memijah.

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Fauzi, Reza Achmad, Nur Taufiq-SPJ, and Suryono Suryono. "Distribusi Ukuran Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Desa Danasari Kabupaten Pemalang." Journal of Marine Research 14, no. 2 (2025): 366–75. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v14i2.44591.

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Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati laut yang tinggi salah satu sumberdaya tersebut adalah rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis penting karena permintaannya tinggi dan merupakan komoditas ekspor dengan harga yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran rajungan dan tingkat kematangan gonad. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui ukuran karapas, bobot tubuh dan tingkat kematangan gonad rajungan dan metode random sampling untuk menentukan titik pengambilan sampel. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 23 Oktober – 21 November 2023. Pengambilan data rajungan yang dilakukan meliputi lebar karapas dan berat tubuh, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat kematangan gonad. Sampel rajungan yang dikumpulkan berjumlah 2455 ekor (1473 ekor rajungan jantan dan 982 ekor rajungan betina). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rajungan yang paling banyak ditemukan memiliki ukuran lebar karapas yang berkisar antara 104-116 mm dan berat tubuh 61-86 g. dengan persamaan hubungan lebar karapas dan berat tubuh sebesar 0.0001L2.8512 untuk rajungan betina dan 0.0002L2.7345 untuk rajungan jantan. Rajungan yang ditemukan lebih banyak berkelamin jantan dibandingkan betina dan rajungan betina yang ditemukan dalam usia dewasa dengan Tingkat Kematangan Gonad kategori 2 (Matured). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan kondisi rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Desa Danasari Pemalang memiliki komposisi berdasarkan ukuran, dan tingkat kematangan gonad yang cukup ideal, namun untuk rasio jenis kelamin didapatkan tidak ideal karena menunjukkan hasil perbandingan rajungan jantan dengan rajungan betina tidak seimbang. Indonesia possesses a high biodiversity of marine life, and one of its valuable resources is the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus), a fisheries commodity of significant economic importance due to its high demand and export value. The aim of this research is to determine the size distribution of blue swimming crabs and their gonadal maturity levels. The methodology employed in this study is quantitative descriptive, focusing on carapace size, body weight, and gonadal maturity levels of blue swimming crabs. The research was conducted from October 23 to November 21, 2023. Data collection for blue swimming crabs included measurements of carapace width, body weight, gender, and gonadal maturity level. A total of 2455 specimens were collected 1473 male and 982 female blue swimming crabs. The results indicate that the most commonly found blue swimming crabs have carapace widths ranging from 104-116 mm and body weights of 61-86 g. The relationship between carapace width and body weight is expressed by the equations 0.0001L2.8512 for female crabs and 0.0002L2.7345 for male crabs. Male blue swimming crabs were more abundant than females. Furthermore, matured female blue swimming crabs were found with Gonadal Maturity Level 2. These findings suggest that the blue swimming crab population (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters of Danasari Village, Pemalang, exhibits a composition based on size and gonadal maturity levels that is relatively ideal. However, the gender ratio is deemed less ideal due to an imbalanced proportion of male to female blue swimming crabs.

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Melvin, Mutlen, Zango Paul, Doumou Owona Azaria, Pouomogne Djemna Esther, Pouomogne Victor, and Tomedi Eyango Minette. "Effects of Varying Dietary Levels of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves Powder on Growth and Gonads Development in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 26, no. 2 (2024): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2024/v26i2734.

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Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible use of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf powder as a reproductive inhibitor in Oreochromis niloticus Place and Duration of Study: From 10th February to 21st June 2021 at the Kanhé-Moyo Integrated Fisheries and Aquaculture Research and Application Farm located in the locality of Baho'o belonging to the Baham District,in the West Region of Cameroon Study Design: 720 Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with an average weight of 13±2.5g were randomly distributed in 12 happas arranged in an earthen pond measuring approximately 10 x 20 m and fed 3 experimental diets, formulated from a control diet to contain Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf powder at doses of 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg of feed respectively. Methodology: After 45 days post-treatment, survival and zootechnical growth parameters were assessed. Histological examination of the gonads was used to determine the impact of treatment on gonadal development at 45 and 65 days post-treatment respectively. Results: The results show that the different treatments had a similar effect on survival (P˃0.05), with an average value of 97.91 ± 3.81%. Analysis of the growth parameters of fishes from the different batches treated with different doses of H. rosa sinensis leaf powder revealed that the dose of 4.5 g/kg of H. rosa sinensis had a significantly greater effect than the other treatments applied in terms of Mean Final Weight (with a mean value of 24.77±0.27g), Mean Weight Gain (with a mean value of 3.63±1.18 g), mean specific growth rate (with a mean value of 1.13 ± 0.40%/day) and Mean Daily Gain (with a mean value of 0.25±0.08 g/d). However, analysis of the gonado somatic index at 45 and 60 days post-treatment of batches treated with different doses of H. rosa sinensis leaves revealed a significantly higher effect of the 3.5 g/kg dose on the gonado somatic index in both males and females. Observation of the testicular structures of the males from the treated batches revealed alterations reflecting an inhibition of gonadal development, which justifies the low gonado somatic index values observed in these different treated batches compared with the control batches. These alterations were also observed in the ovarian tissues of the treated females both at 45 and 60 days post-treatment. However, observations of the gonadal structures of satellite males and females at 60 days post-treatment revealed partial restoration of gonadal tissue in both males and females. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves could be used as an alternative ecological method for inhibiting reproduction in Oreochromis niloticus. The results will help local producer networks to improve tilapia production.

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Kwari, H. D., and S. O. Ogwuegbu. "MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND SPERM RESERVES OF M'BORORO (Bos indicus) BULLS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 25, no. 2 (2021): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v25i2.1589.

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Morphometric data of the reproductive organs and the gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves were determined in sexually mature M'bororo bulls. The mean body weight was 560±15.8kg and measured 175.8±4.3cm at the withers. The mean paired testes weight and scrotal circumference were 266.5±28.9g and 28.2±0.8cm, respectively. The body weight was significantly and positively corellated with the testicular sperm reserves (P<0.05). The paired testicular sperm reserves was 27.3±3.1 *109. The mean weights of the accessory gland were: Seminal Vesicles, 42.2±4g; ampullae, 12.4±2.0g;Prostate gland, 2.2±0.29g and 1.3±0.3g for the bulbourethral gland. The mean penis lenght was 80.9±2.9cm while the glans penis and the urethral process measured 3.1±0.1cm and 1.9±0.1cm, respectively

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Sianangama, Pharaoh Collins, Emeldah Nundwe, Sylvia Jana Harrison, Eva Nambeye, and Rubaijaniza Abigaba. "The Effect of Sausage Tree Fruit (Kigelia africana) on Gonadal Development and Growth Performance of Oreochromis andersonii." World's Veterinary Journal 13 (March 25, 2023): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj13.

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In Zambia fish farms, Oreochromis andersonii is an important common indigenous fish species. Naturally, safe phytochemicals can effectively improve fish reproduction performance and their production potential. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of Kigelia africana on the gonadal development and the performance of Oreochromis andersonii. A total of 96 male fingerlings were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (D1-D4), and each treatment group had three replicates. The D1, D2, D3, and D4 groups were formulated to receive 0, 50, 100, and 150 g of powdered Kigelia africana/kg, respectively. The fish were fed the diets for 9 weeks, followed by the study parameter measurements at the end of the experiment. The highest mean body weight and gonadal weight were (29.8 ± 0.63 and 0.09 ± 0.010 g, respectively) for fish in the D2 group. There was no significant difference between the mean body weight of fish in different groups, but their mean gonadal weights differed significantly. The gonadal somatic index of fish differed significantly among treatment groups, with those in D2 having the highest mean value (0.36 ± 0.060). The highest mean standard length (103.3 ± 0.63 mm) and total length (126.0 ± 0.11 mm) of fish were observed for D1 and D2 groups, respectively. Additionally, the mean values for those parameters decreased with increasing Kigelia africana in the diet. The physicochemical parameters of water, including temperature and dissolved oxygen, ranged 16.8-23.1℃ and 0.6-2.2 mg/L, respectively; these were generally at low levels considering the optimum requirements for this fish species. In conclusion, Kigelia africana improved gonadal growth and development but did not promote overall fish growth. The best gonadal growth/development results of Kigelia africana powder were observed at a level of 50 g/kg, which can be used as a performance booster in the aquaculture production of Oreochromis andersonii.

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Ansa, Anietie Archibong, and James A. Imasuen. "Effect of human menopausal gonadotropin on testicular morphometry, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbit bucks." World Rabbit Science 23, no. 2 (2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2015.3551.

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<p>Testicular morphometry, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of rabbit bucks treated with Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin (Menogon®) were studied. Twenty-four crossbred rabbit bucks weighing 1.3-1.6 kg at 15-17 wk were randomised into 4 treatment doses of 0 (control), 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5 I.U. in a completely randomised design with 6 bucks per group. A vial of Menogon® was reconstituted in 1 mL of physiological saline solution and administered intramuscularly at 72 h intervals for 56 d prior to commencement of sample collection. Parameters evaluated were ejaculate concentration, testicular morphometry, gonadal and extragonadal sperm concentrations. Results for ejaculate concentration (86, 110, 186, and 135×106/mm3) revealed a significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher difference in the 15.0 I.U. group. Gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserve indices were not significantly (P&gt;0.05) affected by the treatment. Testicular morphometry results showed that paired testis volume (cm3), testis circumference (cm), ductus deferens length (cm) and epididymal length (cm) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different, with a progressive increase that corresponds to increased Menogon® administration. High and positive correlations (P&lt;0.01) were observed between testis weight and gonadal sperm reserves (r=0.99) and body weight and gonadal sperm reserves (r=0.99). Similarly, correlations between epididymal weight and epididymal sperm reserves (r=0.85), testis weight and ejaculate concentration (r=0.97), body weight and ejaculate concentration (r=0.96), body weight and testis weight (r=0.97), testis volume and ejaculate concentration (r=0.97), testis volume and gonadal sperm reserve (r=0.91), testis volume and testis weight (r=0.96), and testis volume and body weight (r=0.90) were positive and significant (P&lt;0.05). Taking all the reported results into consideration, controlling the amount of Menogon® administration at 15.0 I.U. for rabbit bucks could be a promising approach to regulating testosterone synthesis and secretion, thereby affording a potential method of enhancing fertility.</p>

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Paul, Mitali Ghosh, Priyam Nath, and Amalesh Dutta. "Length-weight relationship, relative condition factor and fecundity of Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) from river Brahmaputra in Dhubri, Assam, India." Journal of Fisheries 10, no. 3 (2022): 103201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.398.

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Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) commonly known as bronze featherback is an important freshwater fish widely distributed in deep and clean waters in the rivers, beels, reservoirs and ponds. This study elucidates the length-weight relationship (LWR), relative condition factor and fecundity of N. notopterus collected from the river Brahmaputra in Dhubri, Assam, India. A total of 181 fish specimen were sampled. The LWR showed a positive isometric growth with uniform increase in height or width with increasing length. The value of a and b in males were 0.0120 and 3.06 respectively. In females, a and b were slightly higher being 0.0230 and 3.18 respectively. The coefficient of determination for combined sex was equal to 0.8572 (p < 0.001). The relationship between the fecundity and four variables viz. total length, body weight, gonadal length, gonadal weight were analysed and the relationship between the fecundity and gonad weight was much more significant than other variables considered. The current study might serve as a valuable guideline for establishing future biometric studies for fishes collected from this stretch of the river Brahmaputra.

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Nur, Bastiar, Sawung Cindelaras, and Nina Meilisza. "INDUKSI PEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN GURAMI COKELAT (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860) MENGGUNAKAN PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN DAN ANTIDOPAMIN." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 12, no. 1 (2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.1.2017.69-76.

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Ikan gurami cokelat (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan hias endemik perairan gambut dan memiliki potensi untuk dibudidayakan. Pada kondisi budidaya, berbagai faktor lingkungan yang berperan penting dalam menstimulasi perkembangan dan pematangan gonad hingga ovulasi dan pemijahan tidak mendukung aktivitas reproduksi beberapa spesies ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis hormon yang efektif dapat merangsang pematangan gonad ikan gurami cokelat. Hormon yang digunakan adalah “Oodev®” (tersusun atas Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin/PMSG) dan antidopamin) yang diberikan menggunakan metode “topical gill”. Ada tiga dosis Oodev® yang digunakan, yaitu: 0,02 mL; 0,04 mL; dan 0,06 mL; serta kontrol menggunakan NaCl 0,9% sebanyak 0,05 mL/g bobot badan ikan uji. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 30 ekor induk betina ikan gurami cokelat (panjang total: 4,1 ± 0,3 cm; bobot: 1,41 ± 0,17 g). Pemberian hormon dilakukan setiap minggu hingga minggu ke-7. Pada minggu ke-8 dilakukan pembedahan untuk pengambilan gonad. Parameter yang diamati adalah: jumlah induk matang gonad, indeks gonadosomatik (IGS), fekunditas, diameter oosit, kadar estradiol-17â dalam darah, dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) ikan uji pada masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hormon dengan dosis 0,04 mL/g bobot badan menghasilkan perkembangan gonad ikan uji yang lebih baik dengan jumlah induk matang gonad mencapai 23 ekor (76,67%), nilai IGS sebesar 2,33 ± 1,24%; fekunditas sebesar 73,5 ± 26,2 butir; diameter oosit berkisar antara 1,0-1,8 mm; kadar estradiol-17b dalam darah sebesar 15,9 ± 4,5 rg/mL dengan tingkat kematangan gonad mencapai tahap IV.Chocolate gourami (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860) is an endemic ornamental fish species in peatland waters and potentially to be cultivated. In captive condition, some environmental factors that play important role for gonadal development, maturation, ovulation, and spawning are not suitable for supporting reproductive activity in some fish species. This study was conducted to determine the optimum dosages of hormone which is able to stimulate gonadal maturation of chocolate gourami. Oodev® (consisted of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) and antidopamin) was given using “topical gill” method. There were three Oodev® dosages used in this research: 0.02 mL; 0.04 mL; and 0.06 mL respectively; and control using 0.05 mL of 0.9% NaCl per gram of body weight. Each treatment was tested on 30 females (the averages of total length and body weight of 4.1 ± 0.3 cm and 1.41 ± 0.17 g, respectively). Hormone was given every week until the seventh week. At the eight weeks, surgery was performed for gonadal measurement. Parameters measured were: number of gonadal mature broodstocks, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, oocyte diameters, plasma estradiol-17â levels, and gonadal mature levels. The results showed that 0.04 mL Oodev® per g body weight of fish was superior in reproductive performance. In that treatment, there were 76.67% (23/30) fish being matured, gonad somatic index 2.33 ± 1.24%, egg fecundity 73.5 ± 26.2 eggs, oocyte diameters ranged 1.0-1.8 mm, blood level of estradiol-17b 15.9 ± 4.5 rg.mL-1, and the level of gonad development reached to stage IV.

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Das, Bimal Chandra, Md Moniruzzaman, Mousumi Akhter, Amena Khatun, Md Hashibur Rahman, and Harunur Rashid. "The Gonadal Length-Weight Relationships of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in Relation to Fecundity, Total Length and Body Weight." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 25, no. 2 (2023): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2023/v25i2659.

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The current study was carried out to estimate the range and average number of ova (eggs) released by a female Hilsa shad (Tenualosa Ilisha) individual during the breeding season, as well as to establish a relationship between Fecundity (F) and Total Length (TL), Total Weight (TW), Gonadal Length (GL) and Gonadal Weight (GW). The fecundity of T. Ilisha was determined by studying the ovaries of 20 individuals with TL ranging from 37.60 cm to 49.90 cm. In this study, only ovaries bearing nearly ripe eggs were considered for the data collection. For each specimen, the total number of ova was computed by multiplying the estimated number of ova in the sample by the ratio of total ovary weight to sample weight. The largest specimen (TL 499 mm and TW 1252 g) was found to have 2272864 eggs, while the smallest (TL 376 mm and TW 617 g) had 835461 eggs. The association between Fecundity and TL, TW, GL, and GW were found to be significant at the 5% level (p<0.05) of significance. It was also discovered that for significant 't' values, Fecundity increases linearly with Total Length, Total Weight, and Gonadal Weight.

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Winata, I. Gede Darma, Karnan Karnan, and Mahrus Mahrus. "Reproductive Aspects of Scad Fish (Decapterus macarellus) Landed at The Fish Landing Base of Tanjung Luar, East Lombok." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 24, no. 4 (2024): 895–905. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7991.

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Scad fish (Decapterus macarellus) is a fish of important economic value, this fish is the main target of fishermen in Tanjung Luar East Lombok but information about its existence biologically has never been research.This study intended to analyze the reproductive aspects of the scad fish landed at PPI Tanjung Luar, East Lombok, based on sex ratio, length-weight relationship, gonad maturity level, gonad weight, and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI). The sampling technique was quota implemented to get 270 scad fish from March to May 2024. Simple regression linear was applied to analyze the relationship between length and weight of scad fish. This research showed that: 1) the sex ratio of scad fish in the study site was varied, that is 0.58:1; 0.88:1; and 0.58:1 for in March, April, and May respectively, 2) the growth pattern of scad fish in the study site is negative allometric, 3) the gonad's maturity stages dominated by stage of I and II, This shows that the kite fish is still in an immature condition. and 4) the gonadal somatic index indicates that the fish can spawn more than once a year.

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Dotan, A. "Reproduction of the Slate Pencil Sea Urchin, Heterocentrotus mammillatus (L), in the Northern Red Sea." Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 4 (1990): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900457.

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The annual reproductive cycle of Heterocentrotus mammillatus was studied in the northern Red Sea. Gametogenesis starts in January, and the abundance of ripe gametes gradually increases until, by May, they occupy most of the gonadal volume. Spawning occurs in June and July; the pattern suggested a lunar or semilunar cycle. Assays of KC1 injections suggest that these may be a better indicator of reproductive ripeness than conventional oocytes-ova analysis. A highly significant linear relationship between gonad weight and total body weight was observed at the period of maximal gonad size prior to spawning.

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Bahtiar, Muhammad Fajar Purnama, Rahmadhani, and Muhammad Nur Findra. "The Reproduction of Meretrix meretrix Clams in The Kambu River Estuary, Southeast Sulawesi." Journal of Tropical Fisheries Management 6, no. 1 (2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jppt.v6i1.44443.

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Meretrix meretrix is a degraded resource in Kendari Bay waters, but its reproductive pattern is not fully known.. This study aims to determine the level of gonad maturity, gonadal maturity index, fecundity and the size of the first gonad maturity of M. meretrix at the Kambu River estuary, Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was carried out at the Kambu River estuary for 6 months from August 2021-January 2022. These clams were taken randomly representing all size classes as many as 300 birds during the study. M. meretrix were observed for gonad color and gonad development microscopically, then the length and weight of the gonads were measured using a caliper and analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.5 mm and 0.0001g, respectively. The results showed that the development of male and female gonads was relatively simultaneous, which was dominated by mature gonads (III-IV) in each month of observation. TKG I-V was found in every month of observation. The gonad maturity index of males and females were 4.92-6.00 and 5.53-6.32, respectively. The fecundity of M. meretrix ranged from 4882-85677 grains. The first mature size of the gonads of male and female M. meretrix is 20 mm.

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Murni, Sri, and Rivo Hasper Dimenta. "Bioekologi Udang Swallow (Penaeus merguiensis)." BIOEDUSAINS:Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains 4, no. 1 (2021): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v4i1.2282.

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This study aims to examine the bioecological aspects of P. merguiensis around the estuary of the Berombang river in terms of growth patterns, the abundance of gonad maturity and condition factors. The method used in this research is purposive sampling. Shrimp sampling was carried out using arad nets which were stocked at low tide. The results showed that the composition of the abundance of the gonadal maturity level of P. merguiensis shrimp at three sampling stations was dominated by immature gonadal shrimp (BMG) to TKG 2. The growth pattern of P. merguiensis shrimp based on the length-body weight relationship in the Berombang river was classified as positive allometric. Fulton condition factor (K) ranged from 0.14 to 4.68, with an average total body length ranging from 2.35 to 13.70 cm. In conclusion, the condition factor of P. merguiensis shrimp in the Berombang river was classified as a plump category with shrimp weight gain being faster than body length growth, with female plumpness being greater than males. Keywords: Fulton Condition Factor, Gonad Maturity, Growth Pattern, P. merguiensis, Berombang River

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Punniakotti, Murali, V.Nithya, and James Villanueva. "Histomorphometric changes in the ovaries of thymectomized guinea pigs." Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 126, no. 1 (2022): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13680.

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Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function is necessary for maintaining proper female reproductive cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian histomorphometric and histoarchitectural changes in neonatal, prepubertal and pubertal thymectomized female guinea pigs. A total of 30 female guinea pigs, sham-operated (n-5) and thymectomized (n-5) were studied in each group. The diameter and number of ovarian follicles among the thymectomized and sham operated female guinea pigs during estrus phase of estrous cycle was compared. Gonadal and accessory reproductive organs weights and microscopic features were studied in the sham operated guinea pigs and thymectomized. There were statistically significant changes in the number and diameter of follicles in the ovary in neonatal thymectomized female guinea pigs, but no significant changes were observed in prepubertal and pubertal female guinea pigs. Neonatal thymectomized female guinea pigs showed significant changes in their weight as well as changes in the microscopic features including reduced thickness of myometrium of uterus and less mucosal folding in the fallopian tube compared to the sham-operated group. But prepubertal and pubertal thymectomy did not affect the weight and microscopic features of gonads and accessory reproductive organs. Depending on the time of thymectomy, these results indicate morphological changes in the ovaries after thymectomy in females.

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Pankhurst, N. W., N. E. Stacey, and G. Van Der Kraak. "Reproductive development and plasma levels of reproductive hormones of goldeye, Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque), taken from the North Saskatchewan River during the open-water season." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 12 (1986): 2843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-409.

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Changes in gonadal condition and plasma levels of gonadotropin and sex steroids were measured in goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) captured from the North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton, Alberta, from May to October in both 1983 and 1984. Mature females and spermiated males were captured in May and June and spent fish were captured in June. Gonadal recrudescence occurred over the summer and by October, relative gonad weights had reached 70% (females) and 90% (males) of the prespawning maxima. In females, plasma calcium was significantly elevated in spent fish in June, and in August there was a decrease in liver weight. Plasma levels of gonadotropin were highest in females during June, and in males during May. 17α,20β-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was elevated in preovulatory or spent females and prespawning males, then decreased throughout the summer, whereas testosterone was only detectable in the plasma of prespawning fish. Estradiol-17β and estrone were not detectable in the plasma of females at any stage, including the period of vitellogenesis.

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39

Saputro, Adi, Aima Ifanna Puteri, Sandra Dewi Arini, Gilang Rizki Al-Farizi, Fransisca Gloria, and Ovikariani Ovikariani. "The Effect of Combined Administration of Sea Urchin Gonad and Aloe Vera Suspension on the Enhancement of Macrophage Phagocytosis Activity in Male White Rats Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium." Asian Journal of Social and Humanities 1, no. 12 (2023): 1039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59888/ajosh.v1i12.140.

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This research determined the influence of the administration of combined gonadal sea urchin suspension and aloe vera to improve the macrophage phagocyte activities of male mice (Rattus norvergicus). This experimental laboratory research used a posttest-only control group design with white mice (Rattus norvegicus). The researcher grouped the mice into three groups: the negative control group with CMC-Na (0,5% /kg Weight); the positive group with Levamisole 0,9 mg/ 200 weight; and the intervention group with combined gonadal sea urchin suspension, Tripeneustes gratila, with a dose of 2,2700g/kg Weight, and the extracted aloe vera for 15ml. The researcher provided the treatment for 12 days, orally, twice a day with the induction of Salmonella typhimurium of 104 CFU 0,1 ml on the fifth day. The outcome of the macrophage phagocyte capability on the thirteenth day was calculated with the phagocytes index. The One-Way Anova test of gonadal sea urchin suspension, Tripneustes gratila with a dose of 2.2700 g/kg Weight with the extracted aloe vera indicated the highest phagocytes index, 2.28 (p<0.05) than the control group. The combined gonadal sea urchin suspension, Tripneustes gratilla, with the extracted aloe vera could improve the macrophage phagocyte activities.

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40

Hartami, Prama, Odang Carman, Alimuddin Alimuddin, Muhammad Zairin Jr, Rahman Rahman, and Dede Hermawan. "Performance analysis of tetraploid striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) resulting from heat shock induction." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v8i1.3828.

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Striped catfish tetraploid induction through heat shock that carried out in this study is not intended to produce on growth fries.But to form a broodstock to produce triploid on growth fries through cross breeding without any physical shock induction process.The fries from the heat shock induction in the previous study were screened or selected by observing the maximum number of nucleoli in fin cells.The number of tetraploid individuals used in the performance test was 105 which were placed in three different concrete tanks.The results showed that the growth of tetraploid striped catfish was more significant than diploid with a difference in the daily weight percentage about 0.497% and 0.158% for length but insignificant differences in FCR and SR.In gonadal development based on histological observations, it was shown that each tetraploid and diploid both male and female striped catfish were at the same level of gonadal maturity.Female gonads were at the previtellogenic oocytes and vitellogenic oocytes, but males are dominated at the stage of spermatocytes and spermatozoa.This histology also shows us that the female gonad was still at the development stage, while the male had entered the mature stage and ready to be spawned.

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Hira, Khansa Yatita, Ibnu Pratikto, and Ita Riniatsih. "Kajian Morfometri Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Kabupaten Pemalang Jawa Tengah." Journal of Marine Research 13, no. 1 (2023): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v13i1.37986.

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Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) adalah komoditas hasil tangkapan perikanan laut yang bernilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi ukuran lebar karapas dan berat tubuh, rasio jenis kelamin, dan tingkat kematangan gonad dari rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Desa Danasari Pemalang dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metoda deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan gonad rajungan dan metode purposive sampling untuk menentukan titik pengambilan sampel. Penelitian dilakukan pada satu periode di bulan Juni 2022. Pengambilan data rajungan yang dilakukan meliputi lebar karapas dan berat tubuh, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat kematangan gonad. Sampel rajungan yang telah dikumpulkan berjumlah 1283 ekor (759 ekor rajungan jantan dan 524 ekor rajungan betina). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rajungan yang paling banyak ditemukan memiliki ukuran lebar karapas yang berkisar antara 107-115 milimeter dan berat tubuh 73-93 gram dengan persamaan hubungan lebar karapas dan berat tubuh sebesar 0,0003L2,6983 untuk rajungan betina dan 0,0002L2,7431 untuk rajungan jantan. Rajungan yang ditemukan lebih banyak berkelamin jantan dibandingkan betina. Rajungan betina yang ditemukan sudah dalam usia dewasa dengan TKG kategori 2 (Matured). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan kondisi rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Desa Danasari Pemalang memiliki komposisi berdasarkan ukuran, dan tingkat kematangan gonad yang cukup ideal, namun untuk rasio jenis kelamin didapatkan tidak ideal karena menunjukkan hasil perbandingan rajungan jantan dengan rajungan betina tidak seimbang. Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a marine fisheries product which has high economic value. The purpose of this study was to determine variations in carapace width and body weight, sex ratio, and gonadal maturity level of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters of Danasari Pemalang Village and its surroundings. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative to determine the level of maturity of the gonads and purposive sampling method to determine the point of sampling. The research was conducted in one period in June 2022. Data collection for blue swimming crabs included carapace width and body weight, sex, and gonadal maturity level. The total number of crab samples collected was 1283 (759 male crabs and 524 female crabs). The results of this study showed that the most commonly found crabs had a carapace width ranging from 107-115 millimeters and a body weight of 73-93 grams with an equation for the relationship between carapace width and body weight of 0,0003L2,6983 for female crabs and 0,0002L2,7431 for the male crab. The crabs found were more male than female. The female swimming crab found was in adulthood with TKG category 2 (Matured). These results indicate that the condition of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the waters of Danasari Pemalang Village has a composition based on size, and the level of gonadal maturity is quite ideal, but the sex ratio is not ideal because it shows the results of the comparison between male and female crabs are not balanced.

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42

Osadchuk, Ludmila V., Bjarne O. Braastad, Ilpo Huhtaniemi, and Morten Bakken. "Alterations of the pituitary - gonadal axis in the neonatal blue fox (Alopex lagopus) exposed to prenatal handling stress." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, no. 4 (2000): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd99082.

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Handling is a stressor for blue foxes. The influence of preterm handling (1 min daily) of vixens was investigated in 68, 10-day-old cubs, 34 male and 34 female. Body, gonadal and pituitary weight, ano-genital distance, gonadal testosterone and oestradiol content and in vitro production, and pituitary LH content were measured in all cubs. The gonads were frozen or incubated in vitro with, or without, added hCG (2.5 IU per sample). The gonadal incubates and homogenates were analysed for testosterone and oestradiol by radioimmunoassay and the pituitary homogenates for LH by immunofluorometric assay. The results indicate that neonatal fox gonads actively produce steroids and that there are significant sex differences in basal steroid production and response of the gonads to hCG, and in pituitary LH content. Maternal stress resulted in a significant reduction of morphometric and hormonal measures of the reproductive system in neonatal blue foxes, with more drastic effects in female cubs. Gonadal weights were lower in cubs of both sexes from stressed vixens (65.7 4.3 v. 50.6 1.8 mg for the ovaries and 23.2 1.0 v. 17.7 1.0 mg for the testes, control v. stressed animals, P<0.01). The ano-genital distance in female offspring of stressed vixens was reduced (1.1 0.04 v. 0.9 0.03 cm, P<0.01). Basal ovarian oestradiol and testosterone production were decreased in cubs from prenatally stressed animals in comparison with controls (43.5 3.5 v. 32.6 3.7 pg ovary–1 h–1 and 0.40 0.16 v. 0.12 0.03 ng ovary–1 h–1, P<0.05). Prenatal stress did not affect either pituitary weights or LH content in either sex. There were no significant differences in ano-genital distance, testicular content of testosterone, or in vitro testosterone production between control and treated male cubs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that prenatal handling stress impaired the neonatal reproductive development of the female offspring, but had no marked effects on males. Sex-specific effects of prenatal handling stress on the reproductive development in foxes may be linked with the gender differences in responses of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adreno-cortical axis to stress conditions in this species.

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43

Pulgar, José, Marcos Alvarez, Alejandro Delgadillo, et al. "Impact of wave exposure on seasonal morphological and reproductive responses of the intertidal limpet Fissurella crassa (Mollusca: Archaegastropoda)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 7 (2012): 1595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000173.

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Intertidal organisms have long been considered an ideal system to quantify how physical variations determine differential energy allocations in specimens inhabiting environmental gradients such as exposure to wave action. In habitats with differential intertidal wave exposure (sheltered, Sh; and exposed, E) seasonal gonadal and foot weight variations and their associations with exposure and food availability (algae abundance) were determined in the keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa. Gonadal weight is used as a measure of reproduction allocation whereas foot weight is an indirect indicator of energy allocation to survival. RNA:DNA ratio in limpets obtained from Sh and E habitats during the two different seasons was used as an indicator of biosynthetic capability. Our results indicate that algae abundance in E sites was higher in summer and lower in winter compared to Sh sites. In E sites the muscular foot weight of limpet was higher in summer in contrast to Sh sites where F. crassa muscular foot weight of limpet was higher in winter. Gonadal weight in Sh sites was higher in summer and remained constant in winter; whereas in E sites gonadal weight was lower in summer and higher in winter. RNA:DNA ratios indicate that regardless of intertidal wave exposure, F. crassa showed higher biosynthetic capability in summer. Energetic allocation in animals that inhabit sheltered intertidal habitats would support constant allocation towards reproduction. In contrast, animals that inhabit exposed habitats may favour seasonally reproduction allocation at expense of survival.

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44

Haldar, Chandna. "Reproductive Phase Dependent Photosensitivity of Gonad and Pineal Gland of a Short-Nosed Fruit Bat, Cynopterus sphinx." Zoological Science 18, no. 6 (2001): 843–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13492371.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photoperiodic sensitivity of gonad in relation to pineal gland activity was noted during two important reproductive phases i.e. reproductively active (February- March) and inactive (July- August) phases of nocturnal flying mammal, Cynopterus sphinx of Indian tropical origin. They were exposed to experimental long (Light: Dark in hours; 16L: 8D) and short (8L: 16D) photoperiods for 30 days during both the reproductive phases. Exposure to the long photoperiod (LP) during reproductively active phase had no significant effect on pineal gland, gonad and its hormonal concentration. However, exposure to short photoperiod (SP) induced a decrease in gonadal activity and increase in pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, low level of estradiol / testosterone and high level of melatonin in plasma). Increased melatonin and decreased estrogen levels following the short photoperiod exposure caused abortion in females, which were undergoing delayed embryonic development during reproductive inactive phase. Exposure to LP during reproductively inactive phase reactivated the gonadal axis and inhibited the pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, high level of estradiol / testosterone and low level of melatonin in plasma), while exposure to SP had no significant effect on pineal and gonad during this phase.

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45

Haldar, Chandna. "Reproductive Phase Dependent Photosensitivity of Gonad and Pineal Gland of a Short-Nosed Fruit Bat, Cynopterus sphinx." Zoological Science 18, no. 6 (2001): 843–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13492371.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photoperiodic sensitivity of gonad in relation to pineal gland activity was noted during two important reproductive phases i.e. reproductively active (February- March) and inactive (July- August) phases of nocturnal flying mammal, Cynopterus sphinx of Indian tropical origin. They were exposed to experimental long (Light: Dark in hours; 16L: 8D) and short (8L: 16D) photoperiods for 30 days during both the reproductive phases. Exposure to the long photoperiod (LP) during reproductively active phase had no significant effect on pineal gland, gonad and its hormonal concentration. However, exposure to short photoperiod (SP) induced a decrease in gonadal activity and increase in pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, low level of estradiol / testosterone and high level of melatonin in plasma). Increased melatonin and decreased estrogen levels following the short photoperiod exposure caused abortion in females, which were undergoing delayed embryonic development during reproductive inactive phase. Exposure to LP during reproductively inactive phase reactivated the gonadal axis and inhibited the pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, high level of estradiol / testosterone and low level of melatonin in plasma), while exposure to SP had no significant effect on pineal and gonad during this phase.

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46

Haldar, Chandna. "Reproductive Phase Dependent Photosensitivity of Gonad and Pineal Gland of a Short-Nosed Fruit Bat, Cynopterus sphinx." Zoological Science 18, no. 6 (2001): 843–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13492371.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photoperiodic sensitivity of gonad in relation to pineal gland activity was noted during two important reproductive phases i.e. reproductively active (February- March) and inactive (July- August) phases of nocturnal flying mammal, Cynopterus sphinx of Indian tropical origin. They were exposed to experimental long (Light: Dark in hours; 16L: 8D) and short (8L: 16D) photoperiods for 30 days during both the reproductive phases. Exposure to the long photoperiod (LP) during reproductively active phase had no significant effect on pineal gland, gonad and its hormonal concentration. However, exposure to short photoperiod (SP) induced a decrease in gonadal activity and increase in pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, low level of estradiol / testosterone and high level of melatonin in plasma). Increased melatonin and decreased estrogen levels following the short photoperiod exposure caused abortion in females, which were undergoing delayed embryonic development during reproductive inactive phase. Exposure to LP during reproductively inactive phase reactivated the gonadal axis and inhibited the pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, high level of estradiol / testosterone and low level of melatonin in plasma), while exposure to SP had no significant effect on pineal and gonad during this phase.

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47

Haldar, Chandna. "Reproductive Phase Dependent Photosensitivity of Gonad and Pineal Gland of a Short-Nosed Fruit Bat, Cynopterus sphinx." Zoological Science 18, no. 6 (2001): 843–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13492371.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Photoperiodic sensitivity of gonad in relation to pineal gland activity was noted during two important reproductive phases i.e. reproductively active (February- March) and inactive (July- August) phases of nocturnal flying mammal, Cynopterus sphinx of Indian tropical origin. They were exposed to experimental long (Light: Dark in hours; 16L: 8D) and short (8L: 16D) photoperiods for 30 days during both the reproductive phases. Exposure to the long photoperiod (LP) during reproductively active phase had no significant effect on pineal gland, gonad and its hormonal concentration. However, exposure to short photoperiod (SP) induced a decrease in gonadal activity and increase in pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, low level of estradiol / testosterone and high level of melatonin in plasma). Increased melatonin and decreased estrogen levels following the short photoperiod exposure caused abortion in females, which were undergoing delayed embryonic development during reproductive inactive phase. Exposure to LP during reproductively inactive phase reactivated the gonadal axis and inhibited the pineal activity (as judged by the gland weight, histology, high level of estradiol / testosterone and low level of melatonin in plasma), while exposure to SP had no significant effect on pineal and gonad during this phase.

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Carter, V., R. Pierce, S. Dufour, C. Arme, and D. Hoole. "The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) inhibits LH expression and puberty in its teleost host, Rutilus rutilus." Reproduction 130, no. 6 (2005): 939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00742.

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The tapewormLigula intestinalisoccurs in the body cavity of its cyprinid second intermediate host, in this study the roachRutilus rutilus, and inhibits host gonadal development. The mechanism by which infected fish are prevented from reproducing is unknown. Comparison of parameters, such as body length and weight, and condition factor and age, between infected and uninfected individuals, indicated only minor effects of parasitism on growth and condition. In contrast, seasonal gonadal development, as observed in uninfected fish, did not occur in infected fish, and gonads remained small and blocked at the primary oocyte stage in female roach. As immature ovaries and testes are still present, the parasite is presumed to act upon the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis of the fish to inhibit further development of reproductive organs. We investigated theLigula/fish interaction at the level of the pituitary gland by determination of gonadotrophin (LH) content using a heterologous RIA for carp (Cyprinus carpio) LHβ subunit. The results indicated that the pituitary glands of infected roach contained approximately 50% less LH than non-infected fish. After the cloning and sequencing of roach LHβ subunit, we measured roach LHβ mRNA levels by real-time RT-PCR. A corresponding 50% reduction in LHβ mRNA pituitary levels was determined. These results reflect a significant and measurable effect of parasitism on the pituitary gland, and lend support to the hypothesis that excretory/secretory products released from the parasite interact with the brain–pituitary–gonadal axis of the fish host and thus inhibit gonadal development.

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Mutlen, Melvin, Paul Zango, Tchouppe Franck Juve Fotio, Sockeng Yannick Kenne, and Eyango Minette Tomedi. "Survival, Growth Performance and Changes in Gonads of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Fed with Mango (Mangifera indica) Leaves Meal Diet." Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development 15, no. 12 (2024): 9. https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9546.24.15.845.

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The aim of the present study was to explore the possible use of Mangifera indica leaf powder as a reproductive inhibitor in Oreochromis niloticus. To this end, 450 juveniles with an average weight of 11.11 g ± 0.61 g were randomly distributed in 15 happas measuring 0.7 m × 0.7 m × 1 m placed in a tarpaulin tank with a usable volume of 12 m3 , at a density of 30 juveniles per happa and subjected to natural temperature and light conditions and fed 4 experimental diets, formulated from a control diet to contain Mangifera indica leaf powder at doses of 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 6 g/kg and 8 g/kg feed respectively. After 60 days post-treatment, survival and zootechnical growth parameters were assessed. A descriptive examination of the gonads made it possible to determine the impact of the treatment on gonadal development at the end of this phase. The results show that the different treatments had a similar effect on survival (p˂0.05), i.e. an average value of 98.97% ± 0.69%. Comparative analysis of the growth characteristics of control group and group treated with different doses of Mangifera indica leaf powder reveals a significantly greater effect of the dose of 8 g/kg Mangifera indica leaf powder compared with the other treatments applied. On the other hand, analysis of the gonado somatic index at 60 days post-treatment of group treated with different doses of Mangifera indica leaf powder revealed a significantly higher effect of the 4 g/kg dose on the gonado somatic index in both males and females with respective mean values of 0.64 ± 0.08 (males) and 2.47 ± 0.12 (females). With regard to the morphological characteristics of the male and female gonads, gonad atrophy was observed in the entire group treated with the different doses of Mangifera indica powder, which justifies the low gonado somatic index values observed in these different treated batches compared with the control batches. These gonad atrophies observed in the treated group reflect the impact of the different treatments on gonad inhibition. Analysis of the weight and size of the male gonads shows a significantly greater effect of the control batches compared with the treated group, with mean values of 0.54 g ± 0.07 g and 4 mm ± 0.16 mm. In the females, fecundity and egg size were higher in the control group than in those treated with the different doses of Mangifera indica powder, with respective averages of 284 mm ± 3.05 mm and 3 mm ± 0.14 mm. Observations on egg colour showed that the normal olive green colour of Oreochromis niloticus eggs was not maintained in all treatments. The results of this study indicate that Mangifera indica leaves could be used as an alternative ecological method for inhibiting reproduction in Oreochromis niloticus.

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Lucano-Ramírez, Gabriela, Salvador Ruiz-Ramírez, Jorge A. Rojo-Vázquez, Raúl E. Lara-Mendoza, Consuelo M. Aguilar-Betancourt, and Gaspar González-Sansón. "Reproduction of Lutjanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) captured in the Mexican Central Pacific." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 51, no. 4 (2023): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue4-fulltext-3008.

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Research on the reproduction of snappers helps to manage and conserve them. The spotted rose snapper Lutjanus guttatus is a gonochoric species caught year-round in Navidad Bay, Jalisco, Mexico. This work aims to analyze the reproductive aspects of the spotted snapper L. guttatus caught in Navidad Bay on the southern coast of Jalisco, Mexico. Analyzed fish came from commercial catches. Organisms were sampled monthly from January 1998 to December 2008, and total length, total weight, sex, gonad weight, and gonadal phase were obtained for each specimen. Histological analysis was performed to define the gonadal phase and measure the oocytes' diameter. The total length range in the catches was 14.0 to 61.0 cm; 2889 females and 2792 males were collected for a sex ratio 1.0:0.97. The oocyte development is asynchronous, with a diameter range from 33.9 to 407.9 μm. The testicle is of the lobular type, with a well-defined spermatic duct. A main reproductive season from June to September was identified, although fish with mature gonads were observed in all months. The best condition was observed before the reproductive period. Average lengths at sexual maturity were 30.09 and 30.05 cm for females and males, respectively; the average length of capture in females (32.2 cm) and males (31.7 cm) corresponds to 66.6 and 64.6% of organisms that had reproduced at least once before being captured. Given the importance and continuous capture of L. guttatus in the study area, we recommend further studies to improve the understanding of reproductive and fishing activities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gonadal weight'

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