Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gonadotropic hormones

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Gonadotropic hormones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gonadotropic hormones"

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Reznikov, A. G., N. D. Nosenko, E. N. Boris, L. I. Poliakova, P. V. Sinitsyn, and L. V. Tarasenko. "Evaluation of the efficacy of gonadotrophic inductors of ovulation in rats with hyperandrogenemia given flutamide." Problems of Endocrinology 57, no. 4 (August 15, 2011): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201157428-31.

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The objective of the present work was to study the influence of antiandrogen flutamide (flutapharm) at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg b.w., human chorionic gonadotropin (choragon, 5 IU), and folliculostimulating hormone (menopur, 0.01 IU) on the morphofunctional characteristics of ovaries. These products were administered either alone or sequentially to sexually mature female rats after the implantation of testosterone-containing polymeric capsules. The presence of hyperandogenism was confirmed by the five-fold rise in the blood testosterone levels. Analysis of the oestrus cycle, the weight and histological structure of the ovaries gave evidence of disturbed folliculogensis, degenerative changes in follicular epithelium, the development of ovarian polycystosis and anovulatory state in the hyperandrogenic animals. It is concluded neither flutamide nor gonadotrophic hormones administered at the above doses promoted normalization of the generative function of rat ovaries. At the same time, stimulation with gonadotropins following glutamide administration restored folliculogenesis, ovulation, an formation of luteal bodies. The results of this study indicate that flutamide can be used to enhance the stimulating action of gonadotropic hormones on the ovaries in hyperandrogenic individuals.
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Filatov, Maxim, Yulia Khramova, Elena Parshina, Tatiana Bagaeva, and Maria Semenova. "Influence of gonadotropins on ovarian follicle growth and developmentin vivoandin vitro." Zygote 25, no. 3 (June 2017): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199417000168.

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SummaryGonadotropins are the key regulators of ovarian follicles development. They are applied in therapeutic practice in assisted reproductive technology clinics. In the present review we discuss the basic gonadotropic hormones – recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone, its derivatives, luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin serum of pregnant mares, their origin, and application in ovarian follicle systems inin vitroculture systems.
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Bonnin, M., M. Mondain-Monval, M. C. Audy, and R. Scholler. "Basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulated gonadotropin levels in the female red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.). Negative feedback of ovarian hormones during anoestrus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-107.

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In the red fox, Vulpes vulpes L., an inhibition of gonadotropic function is observed in early anoestrus, particularly during lactation. During this period, secretion of progesterone as a result of the persistent corpora lutea after parturition and episodic releases of estradiol signify ovarian activity, suggesting involvement of these hormones in the modulation of pituitary hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)). Effects of ovariectomy and (or) progesterone or estradiol treatments in vivo upon basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated LH and FSH were observed. After ovariectomy, a great increase in the basal level of both gonadotropins and in GnRH-stimulated LH release, but not GnRH-stimulated FSH release, were observed. Progesterone treatment induced a decrease in GnRH-stimulated LH and FSH secretions and a decrease in basal LH and FSH levels in ovariectomized females. Estradiol treatment abolished basal secretions and GnRH responses for both hormones. These results suggest a negative feedback of both ovarian steroids at the hypothalamopituitary level on LH and FSH secretions during early anoestrus.
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Dufour, Sylvie, Bruno Quérat, Hervé Tostivint, Catherine Pasqualini, Hubert Vaudry, and Karine Rousseau. "Origin and Evolution of the Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Vertebrates, With Special Focus on Genome and Gene Duplications." Physiological Reviews 100, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 869–943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00009.2019.

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In humans, as in the other mammals, the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is ensured by the brain-pituitary gonadotropic axis. Multiple internal and environmental cues are integrated via brain neuronal networks, ultimately leading to the modulation of the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. The decapeptide GnRH is released into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal blood system and stimulates the production of pituitary glycoprotein hormones, the two gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. A novel actor, the neuropeptide kisspeptin, acting upstream of GnRH, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Other neuropeptides, such as gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone/RF-amide related peptide, and other members of the RF-amide peptide superfamily, as well as various nonpeptidic neuromediators such as dopamine and serotonin also provide a large panel of stimulatory or inhibitory regulators. This paper addresses the origin and evolution of the vertebrate gonadotropic axis. Brain-pituitary neuroendocrine axes are typical of vertebrates, the pituitary gland, mediator and amplifier of brain control on peripheral organs, being a vertebrate innovation. The paper reviews, from molecular and functional perspectives, the evolution across vertebrate radiation of some key actors of the vertebrate neuroendocrine control of reproduction and traces back their origin along the vertebrate lineage and in other metazoa before the emergence of vertebrates. A focus is given on how gene duplications, resulting from either local events or from whole genome duplication events, and followed by paralogous gene loss or conservation, might have shaped the evolutionary scenarios of current families of key actors of the gonadotropic axis.
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Goncharov, N. P., A. L. Dobracheva, A. A. Pishchulin, T. N. Todua, and V. G. Shlykova. "Adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis in patients with ovarian polycystosis during buserelin test." Problems of Endocrinology 49, no. 4 (August 15, 2003): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11663.

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Relationships between the secretion of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland, the androgenic and glucocorticoidal functions of the adrenals and the steroidogenic function of the ovaries were studied in 21 patients with the ovarian polycystic syndrome (OPS) and in 7 healthy women in test with buserelin, a gonadotropin-releasing agonist. When stimulated with corti- sole, the secretion remained unchanged. Depending on the baseline level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), a change was found in the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its precursor 17-OH-pregnenolone. With the nor­mal baseline level of DHAS, the content of hormones increases while with its high level, their content does not change. The stimulation of gonadotropic secretion results in a higher disso­ciation in the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and folli­cle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients with OPS, by in­creasing the LH/FSH ratio that is most significant in patients with the normal level of DHAS. Under stimulation, aromatase activity becomes higher in patients with high DHAS levels and remains unchanged in the other group of patients. The findings may lead to the conclusion that buserelin-induced stimulation of gonadotropic secretion may be accompanied by the activated synthesis of adrenal androgens in some patients with OPS. De­pending on the baseline androgenic activity of the adrenals, buserelin-induced stimulation of gonadotropic secretion is at­tended by a higher aromatase activity.
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Tena-Sempere, Manuel, and Ilpo Huhtaniemi. "Sex in the brain: How the brain regulates reproductive function." Biochemist 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03102004.

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Reproductive functions are maintained by a complex hormonal regulatory network called the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, which is under the hierarchical control of a network of neurohormones that ultimately modulate the synthesis and pulsatile release of the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by specialized neural cells distributed along the mediobasal hypothalamus. This neuropeptide drives the production of the two gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), which are released into the circulation and regulate specific functions of the ovary and testis. In turn, hormones produced by the gonads feed back to the hypothalamic– pituitary level to maintain functional balance of the HPG axis, through negative and positive (only in females) regulatory loops. In this article, we review the main hormonal regulatory systems that are operative in the HPG axis with special emphasis on recent developments in our knowledge of the neuroendocrine pathways governing GnRH secretion, including the identification of kisspeptins and G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) as major gatekeepers of puberty onset and fertility.
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Dobracheva, A. D., N. P. Goncharov, T. N. Todua, and I. D. Nizharadze. "The state of steroidogenesis in the adrenal glands and gonads in patients with polycystic ovary with inhibition of gonadotropic function." Problems of Endocrinology 45, no. 1 (October 6, 2019): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11701.

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Relationships between secretion of pituitary gonadotropic hormones, adrenal glucocorticoid and androgenic function, and ovarian steroid production were studied in 14 patients with the polycystic ovaries syndrome (POS) under conditions of suppressed endogenous gonadotropic secretion, which was induced by tonic administration of busereline, a GnRH agonist. The bRH/iRH ratio is not changed in POS patients under conditions of suppressed gonadotropic secretion. Inhibition of gonadotropic secretion leads to decrease of estrogen secretion in the ovaries and does not affect the adrenal glucocorticoid function. Activation of adrenal androgen production by the delta-5 pathway was observed in 57% patients under conditions of gonadotroph inhibition. Three months after busereline was discontinued, adrenal steroidogenesis normalized. The results permit a conclusion that prolonged inhibition of gonadotropic secretion with GnRH agonist does not change the bLH/iLH ratio but can lead to activation of adrenal androgen production in part of patients with POS.
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Babichev, V. N. "Neuroendocrinology of the reproductive system (state of physiological studies and prospects for their use in clinical practice)." Problems of Endocrinology 44, no. 1 (February 15, 1998): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl19984413-12.

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The author analyzes the neuroendocrine relationships between the true adrenergic and cholinergic neuromediators and peptide neuromediators, on the one hand, and neurosecretory neurons regulating gonadotropin and prolactin secretion, on the other. About 30 neuromediators of different origin are characterized with due consideration for their localization in the CNS structures, involvement in the production and secretion of gonadotropin releasing factor, gonadotropins, prolactin, and, hence, the function of the reproductive system in general. The impact of the hormone background of sex steroids in the system of these intricate relationships is analyzed. The author presents his own findings and published data on the time course of catecholamine levels in hypothalamic structures involved in the regulation of the pituitary gonadotropic function and analyzes correlations between changed levels of sex steroids and gonadotropins in the blood and the time course of changes of catecholamines and luteotropin releasing factor in the hypothalamus. Possible mechanisms of coordination of different neuromediators of adrenergic origin and amino neuromediators with different mechanisms of action during the regulation of normal function of the reproductive system are discussed. The author assesses the efficacy of treating disorders of the reproductive system caused by the CNS disorders by combinations of sex hormones and neurotropic agents.
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Gracia-Navarro, F., and P. Licht. "Subcellular localization of gonadotrophic hormones LH and FSH in frog adenohypophysis using double-staining immunocytochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 7 (July 1987): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.7.3108366.

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We applied double post-embedding immunocytochemical methods using specific antibodies against bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with immunogold staining (5- and 20-nm particles) to determine the subcellular localization of both gonadotropins and to observe their immunostaining patterns in anterior pituitary of the frog Rana pipiens. Results showed that individual gonadotrophs may store either one or both gonadotropins in a given secretory granule and in large globules (lysosomes?). Most gonadotrophs (50-88%) contain both hormones; 12-50% contain only FSH, and only a few (0-7%) contain LH alone. Individual secretory granules, even in cells that contain both hormones, may contain only one or both gonadotropin molecules. Evaluation of the percentage of monohormonal and multihormonal secretory granules revealed that multihormonal secretory granules were the most numerous and that LH monohormonal secretory granules were the least numerous. These results indicate that cellular storage of gonadotropin in amphibian pituitary is similar to that described for mammals, where a single cell type containing both gonadotropins predominates. Variability in hormone content both of cells and of granules in all individuals is consistent with the hypothesis that frog pituitary possesses a single multipotential gonadotroph.
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Schwartz, Neena B. "The 1994 Stevenson Award Lecture. Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone: a tale of two gonadotropins." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-087.

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Although most gonadotropes synthesize both luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, the transcription, content, and secretion rates of the two gonadotropins can be separated. The signals external to the gonadotropic cells that appear to be important in the differential regulation are gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency (high pulse frequency favors luteinizing hormone), steroid feedback (works on both but induces a more powerful negative feedback on luteinizing hormone), and gonadal peptide feedback (activin increases follicle-stimulating hormone; inhibin and follistatin decrease it). We know very little about the pathways within the gonadotropes that favor one gonadotropin rather than another. It is expected that the cloning of the genes for both gonadotropins and the use of specific cell lines and transfections will lead to elucidation of these pathways.Key words: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, inhibin, anterior pituitary, gonads.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gonadotropic hormones"

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Daja, Mirella Maria. "Enzyme activities associated with gonadotropic hormones." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2311.

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A structural relationship between gonadotropic hormones and certain types of enzymes has been suggested in previous studies and an investigation into the possibility of enzymatic activity associated with the gonadotropic hormones has been the primary focus of the research presented in this thesis. Partial sequence homology between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and α-chymotrypsin prompted the recent proposal of a tertiary structure of hCG using α-chymotrypsin as a folding template, which suggested the possibility of intrinsic peptidase activity associated with hCG. Highly purified hCG (CR127) was assayed for enzymatic activity against a range of synthetic peptide substrates and was found to exhibit Arg-specific peptidase activity. This activity was almost completely inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and to a lesser extent by N-α-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), which indicated that the observed protease activity was serine protease-like. To establish whether this activity was intrinsic to the hormone or due to contaminants, extensive purification procedures were carried out. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and soybean trypsin inhibitor-affinity chromatography were found to effectively separate the protease activity from the hormone, indicating the presence of exogenous protease contaminants in the highly purified preparation of hCG. Further analysis by [3H]-DFP labelling of hCG and SDS-PAGE of the isolated contaminants revealed the presence of possible serine proteases with apparent molecular masses of 60 and 20 kD. Because serine proteases are known to stimulate cAMP production in the same target cells, it was necessary to determine the effects of the contaminating proteases on the receptor binding of hCG and cAMP production. The presence of these contaminants was found to have no apparent effect on the receptor binding capability of hCG, however the in vitro biological activity of hCG as determined by maximal cAMP production was decreased after HIC-HPLC purification of the hormone. These observations suggested that the serine protease-like contaminants contributed to the total cAMP production, thereby introducing significant error in biological assays that use hCG (CR127). The possible intrinsic enzymatic activity of hCG against its receptor as a natural substrate was further investigated. A membrane-bound receptor preparation was isolated from porcine ovaries and a receptor binding assay successfully established. The effects of hCG binding upon the membrane-bound receptor were studied and receptor proteolysis was observed. However, this proteolysis could not be definitively attributed to the actions of hCG. A purified receptor was subsequently prepared by hCG-affinity chromatography and analysed by SDS-PAGE with detection by autoradiography and silver staining. The purified receptor was found to have undergone proteolysis during the purification procedure, presumably following incubation with the hCG affinity matrix. Recent reports of the presence of homologous amino acid sequences in the active site of thioredoxin and the β-subunit of the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and subsequent demonstration of thioredoxin-like activity associated with these hormones, prompted an investigation into the possibility of thioredoxin-like activity associated with hCG. LH, FSH and hCG were all assayed for their ability to promote reactivation of reduced and denatured RNase. Although LH was shown to be capable of reactivating reduced RNase, the level of activity detected was significantly lower than that previously reported, whereas FSH and hCG were not found to be capable of this thioredoxin-like activity. These results suggested that the previously reported thioredoxin-like activity may be due to contamination of the hormone preparation, by the ubiquitous enzyme thioredoxin. The possibility of LH possessing intrinsic dithiol-disulphide interchange activity was investigated further using [3H]-iodoacetic acid. RNase/LH were incubated in an attempt to quench a dithiol intermediate. Preliminary results suggested that the presence of LH in this reaction increased the amount of protein radiolabelled, however, the isolation of a radiolabelled dithiol intermediate which could be conclusively identified as LH was not forthcoming. Furthermore the lack of RNase reactivation activity in hCG, suggests that the putative thioredoxin-like activity of LH, if intrinsic, may not be involved in receptor activation and/or signal transduction, as hCG and LH share the same receptor and should therefore have a similar mechanism of activation.
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Silva, Laura Arnt. "Maturação e fertilização in vitro de oócitos estádio III de zebrafish." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140108.

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Protocolos de sucesso para a maturação in vitro de oócitos de peixe são importantes, uma vez que é necessário para garantir uma fertilização bem sucedida, formação do zigoto, crescimento do embrião e seu completo desenvolvimento. Em algumas espécies, a eficiência deste processo ainda é muito baixa ou restrita a poucas substâncias que podem ser utilizadas. Assim, pesquisou-se a utilização de hormônios alternativos ao protocolo já existente para maturação in vitro de ovócitos de zebrafish. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do extrato de hipófise de carpa (EHC), dos hormônios folículo estimulante (FSH) e luteinizante (LH) para fazer a maturação dos ovócitos estádio III de zebrafish. Os oócitos estádio III foram colocados em meio de cultivo Leibovitz modificado, suplementado com soro fetal bovino e adicionado o hormônio correspondente a seu tratamento (T1-controle; T2-16 μg/ml de EHC; T3- 32 μg/ml de EHC; T4- 48 μg/ml de EHC; T5- 64 μg/ml de EHC; T6- 80 μg/ml de EHC; T7- 0,5 μg/ml de FSH; T8- 0,5 μg/ml de LH e T9- 0,5 μg/ml de FSH e 0,5 μg/ml de LH). A taxa de maturação foi avaliada através da visualização da quebra da vesícula germinal (GVBD). Em todos os tratamentos houve maturação, embora o EHC tenha demonstrado taxas de maturação muito baixas (T2= 12,8%; T3=24,8%; T4=27%; T5=22,7%; T6=9,7%) e inferiores em relação a maior eficiência dos hormônios gonadotrópicos (T7=16%; T8=35%; T9=50%). Além disso foi possível verificar a viabilidade dos oócito através da fertilização in vitro do melhor tratamento (T9) com uma taxa de eclosão e desenvolvimento em larva de 60%. Os resultados da maturação in vitro utilizando estes indutores hormonais em oócitos estádio III de zebrafish mostraram-se promissores, e reforçam as perspectivas para o aprimoramento e uso desta técnica para produção in vitro de embriões viáveis.
Successful protocols for maturation of oocytes are important, as it is necessary for ensuring successful fertilization, zygote formation, embryo growth and full development. In some species the efficiency of in vitro maturation is still very low or is still restricted to a little amount of substances which can be used for the matter. Thus, we studied the use of alternative hormones to the existing protocol for in vitro maturation of zebrafish oocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of carp pituitary extract (CPE), the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to oocyte maturation stage III of zebrafish. Oocytes stage III were placed in modified Leibovitz culture medium, suplemented with fetal bovine serum and added to the correnponding hormone treatment (T1-control; T2-16 g / ml of CHE; T3 32 g / ml of CHE, T4 - 48 g / ml of CHE; T5- 64 g / ml of CHE; T6- 80 g / ml of CHE; T7- 0.5 g / ml of FSH, T8 0.5 mg / ml of LH and T9- 0.5 g / ml of FSH and 0.5 mg / ml LH). The maturation rate was assessed by the germinal vesicle break down (GVBD). In all cases there was maturation, though the EHC has demonstrated fairly low maturation rate (T2= 12,8%; T3=24,8%; T4=27%; T5=22,7%; T6=9,7%) and lower in relation of the high efficiency presented by the gonadotropic hormones (T7=16%; T8=35%; T9=50%). In addition it was possible to verify the viability of the oocyte through IVF of the best treatment (T9) with a result of 60% of hatching and larvae development rate. The results of maturation in turn using this hormones in stage III oocytes of zebrafish proved promising, and enhance the prospects for improvement and use of this technique for in vitro production of viable embryos.
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Traverse, Bastien Roger Marcel. "Activité cérébrale du système opioïde chez les sportifs d'endurance et l'anorexie mentale : Etudes TEP à la [11C]-diprénorphine." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES003.

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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s’attache à démontrer le rôle central joué par le système opioïde dans le développement et le maintien de deux modèles d’addictions comportementales : l’anorexie mentale et l’addiction au sport.Il présente une approche originale, multidisciplinaire et transverse utilisant des techniques modernes et novatrices, avec pour procédé central une imagerie cérébrale TEP/TDM utilisant de la [11C]-diprénorphine comme traceur. Cherchant à obtenir une imagerie en densité de récepteurs opioïdes, une modélisation SRTM a été utilisée. Les images en densité de récepteurs ainsi obtenues ont été exploitées par analyse voxel à voxel sous SPM12. Ces comparaisons statistiques paramétriques ont également intégré plusieurs variables, covariables et paramètres de régressions issus d’analyses complémentaires (tests psychométriques, mesures anthropométriques et analyses biologiques, notamment des dosages d’opioïdes en circulation périphérique mesurés par une technique ELISA).Ces analyses ont démontré la complexité du mécanisme addictif dans ces deux modèles, avec un rôle indirect du système opioïde probablement par modulation du circuit dopaminergique de la boucle méso limbique du circuit de la récompense. Cependant les nombreuses divergences entre ces deux addictions comportementales et les hétérogénéités retrouvées entre les individus montre aussi l’existence d’une sensibilité et de mécanismes variables d’une personne à l’autre, posant la question du phénotypage et de la génétique, et ouvrant le champ à de nouvelles études, avec à terme de possibles répercussions cliniques voire thérapeutiques
This thesis aims to demonstrate the central role of opioid system in developing and maintaining addiction in two behavioural addiction models: sport addiction and anorexia nervosa.It presents an original, multidisciplinary and transversal approach using modern and innovative tools, with a brain imagery using [11C]-diprenorphine PET-scan as main process. We attempt to get receptor density mapping using a SRTM model. Images obtained by this way were then exploited by voxel-based analysis using SPM12. Statistical parametric comparisons include several variables, covariables and regression parameters extracted from complementary exams (psychometric tests, anthropometric measurements, biological samplings especially peripheric circulating opioids assessment by ELISA technic).These analyses demonstrate the complexity of addictive mechanisms in these two models, with an indirect role of opioid system which seems to work by modulation of dopaminergic mesolimbic reward system. However, we also find several differences and inhomogeneities in these two behavioural addictions which indicate existence of various sensitivity and different mechanisms among subjects. This asks the question of phenotyping and genetics underlying these phenomena, needing new studies with a long-term perspective of clinical and therapeutic possibilities
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Sadie, Hanél. "Transcriptional regulation of the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in pituitary gonadotrope cell lines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1495.

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Thesis (PhD (Biochemistry))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), acting via its cognate receptor (GnRHR) is the primary regulator of mammalian reproductive function. Pituitary sensitivity to GnRH can be directly correlated with GnRHR levels on the surface of the pituitary gonadotrope cells, which can be regulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. This study investigated mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of mouse GnRHR expression in two mouse gonadotrope cell lines, αT3-1 and LβT2, using a combination of endogenous mRNA expression studies, promoter-reporter studies, a two-hybrid protein-protein interaction assay, Western blotting, and in vitro protein-DNA binding studies. In the first part of the study, the role of two GnRHR promoter nuclear receptor binding sites (NRSs) and their cognate transcription factors in basal and Protein Kinase A (PKA)-stimulated regulation of GnRHR promoter activity was investigated in αT3-1 cells. The distal NRS was found to be crucial for basal promoter activity in these cells. While the NRSs were not required for the PKA response in these cells, results indicate a modulatory role for the transcription factors Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) and Nur77 via these promoter elements. The second part of the study focused on elucidating the mechanism of homologous regulation of GnRHR transcription in LβT2 cells, with a view to defining the respective roles of PKA and Protein Kinase C (PKC) in the transcriptional response to GnRH. In addition, the respective roles of the NRSs, the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) and the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) promoter cis elements, together with their cognate transcription factors, in basal and GnRH-stimulated GnRHR promoter activity, were investigated. Homologous upregulation of transcription of the endogenous gene was confirmed, and was quantified by means of real-time RTPCR. The GnRH response of the endogenous gene and of the transfected promoter-reporter construct required PKA and PKC activity, and the GnRH response of the promoter-reporter construct was found to be dependent on a functional AP-1 site. Furthermore, GnRH treatment resulted in increased binding of phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (phospho-CREB) and decreased expression and binding of SF-1 to their cognate cis elements in vitro, and stimulated a direct interaction between SF-1 and CREB, suggesting that these events are also required for the full transcriptional response to GnRH. This study is the first providing detail regarding the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of GnRHR expression in LβT2 cells by GnRH. Based on results from this study, a model has been proposed which outlines for the first time the kinase pathways, the promoter cis elements and the cognate transcription factors involved in homologous regulation of GnRHR transcription in the LβT2 cell line. As certain aspects of this model have been confirmed for the endogenous GnRHR gene, the model is likely to be physiologically relevant, and provides new ideas and hypotheses to be tested in future studies.
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Corchuelo, Chavarro Sheryll Yohana [UNESP]. "GnRH/GnIH e seus receptores no sistema olfato-retinal de zebrafish." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134047.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O hormônio liberador de gonadotropina (GnRH) é um dos fatores chaves na regulação neuroendócrina da reprodução dos vertebrados. Alguns peixes apresentam três variantes do GnRH: o GnRH1 envolvido na secreção de gonadotropinas, o GnRH2 que regula o comportamento alimentar e sexual e o GnRH3 expresso no bulbo olfatório e o nervo terminal cujas fibras nervosas inervam a retina e o epitélio olfatório. O zebrafish possui duas variantes do GnRH (GnRH2 e GnRH3), sendo o GnRH3 a variante hipofisiotrófica. Estudos mostram possível envolvimento do GnRH no sistema olfato-retinal. No sistema olfatório o GnRH regula a sensibilidade na detecção de alimento, o reconhecimento intra e interespecífico, entre outros. Na retina, o GnRH3 pode estar envolvido na acuidade visual e do processamento de informação da retina. Existem estudos que reportam a presença de receptores de GnRH em diferentes camadas da retina, no entanto ainda não é clara a presença de receptores no epitélio olfatório. Neste contexto, no presente estudo analisamos a localização do gnrh2, gnrh3 e seus receptores (gnrhr1,2,3 e 4) e do gnih (hormônio inibidor de gonadotropinas) no epitélio olfatório, a retina e o bulbo olfatório de machos e fêmeas adultos e comparamos a expressão destes genes em fêmeas em diferentes estágios de maturação gonadal. Para tanto, o RNA total do epitélio olfatório, retina, bulbo olfatório, cérebro e gônadas foi extraído. Com base na sequência dos genes gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr2, gnrhr3 e gnrhr4, primers forward e reverse foram desenhados para RT-PCR e qPCR. Sondas para a hibridização in situ também foram construídas para verificar os sítios de expressão destas moléculas no epitélio olfatório, retina e gônadas. Imunohistoquímica com os anticorpos anti-GnRH3 (BB8 e GF6) foram realizadas para localizar a proteína do GnRH3 nos tecidos analisados. O presente estudo apresenta um panorama da expressão do sistema...
The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the key factors involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Some fish species have three GnRH variants: GnRH1 involved in gonadotropin secretion, GnRH2 regulating food and sexual behaviors and the GnRH3 which is expressed in the olfactory bulb and terminal nerve whose fibers innervate the retina and the olfactory epithelium. Two GnRH variants (GnRH2 and GnRH3) are present in the zebrafish, in which GnRH3 acts as the hypophisiotrophic variant. Recent studies have been showing the role of GnRH in the olfactory-retinal system. In the olfactory system, GnRH regulates food detection, and intra and interspecific recognition. In retina, GnRH3 may be involved in visual acuity modulation and retinal processing information. Moreover, studies have reported the presence of GnRH receptors in the retina, but not yet in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. Therefore, the current study analyzed the presence of GnRH2, GnRH3 and its receptors (GnRH-R1,2,3 and 4) and GnIH (gonadotropin inhibitory hormone) in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, retina and in gonads of adult zebrafish. We also compared the expression of these genes during the different stages of ovarian maturation in zebrafish. For that, total RNA of the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, retina and gonads was extracted with the PureLink® RNA Mini Kit(Ambion®). RT-PCR and qPCR analysis were performed using forward and reverse primers for gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr2, gnrhr3, gnrhr4 for . Probes for in situ hybridization were constructed to verify the expression sites of these molecules in the olfactory epithelium, retina, and gonads. Immunohistochemistry usinganti-GnRH3 antibodies (BB8 and GF6) were performed to identify the GnRH3 protein in these tissues. The current study presents a general expression view of GnRH/GnIH and their receptors in the olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb-retinal axis during ...
FAPESP: 2014/02481-9
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Corchuelo, Chavarro Sheryll Yohana. "GnRH/GnIH e seus receptores no sistema olfato-retinal de zebrafish /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134047.

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Orientador: Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi
Coorientador: Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
Banca: Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
Banca: Matias Pandolfi
Resumo: O hormônio liberador de gonadotropina (GnRH) é um dos fatores chaves na regulação neuroendócrina da reprodução dos vertebrados. Alguns peixes apresentam três variantes do GnRH: o GnRH1 envolvido na secreção de gonadotropinas, o GnRH2 que regula o comportamento alimentar e sexual e o GnRH3 expresso no bulbo olfatório e o nervo terminal cujas fibras nervosas inervam a retina e o epitélio olfatório. O zebrafish possui duas variantes do GnRH (GnRH2 e GnRH3), sendo o GnRH3 a variante hipofisiotrófica. Estudos mostram possível envolvimento do GnRH no sistema olfato-retinal. No sistema olfatório o GnRH regula a sensibilidade na detecção de alimento, o reconhecimento intra e interespecífico, entre outros. Na retina, o GnRH3 pode estar envolvido na acuidade visual e do processamento de informação da retina. Existem estudos que reportam a presença de receptores de GnRH em diferentes camadas da retina, no entanto ainda não é clara a presença de receptores no epitélio olfatório. Neste contexto, no presente estudo analisamos a localização do gnrh2, gnrh3 e seus receptores (gnrhr1,2,3 e 4) e do gnih (hormônio inibidor de gonadotropinas) no epitélio olfatório, a retina e o bulbo olfatório de machos e fêmeas adultos e comparamos a expressão destes genes em fêmeas em diferentes estágios de maturação gonadal. Para tanto, o RNA total do epitélio olfatório, retina, bulbo olfatório, cérebro e gônadas foi extraído. Com base na sequência dos genes gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr2, gnrhr3 e gnrhr4, primers forward e reverse foram desenhados para RT-PCR e qPCR. Sondas para a hibridização in situ também foram construídas para verificar os sítios de expressão destas moléculas no epitélio olfatório, retina e gônadas. Imunohistoquímica com os anticorpos anti-GnRH3 (BB8 e GF6) foram realizadas para localizar a proteína do GnRH3 nos tecidos analisados. O presente estudo apresenta um panorama da expressão do sistema...
Abstract: The gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the key factors involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Some fish species have three GnRH variants: GnRH1 involved in gonadotropin secretion, GnRH2 regulating food and sexual behaviors and the GnRH3 which is expressed in the olfactory bulb and terminal nerve whose fibers innervate the retina and the olfactory epithelium. Two GnRH variants (GnRH2 and GnRH3) are present in the zebrafish, in which GnRH3 acts as the hypophisiotrophic variant. Recent studies have been showing the role of GnRH in the olfactory-retinal system. In the olfactory system, GnRH regulates food detection, and intra and interspecific recognition. In retina, GnRH3 may be involved in visual acuity modulation and retinal processing information. Moreover, studies have reported the presence of GnRH receptors in the retina, but not yet in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. Therefore, the current study analyzed the presence of GnRH2, GnRH3 and its receptors (GnRH-R1,2,3 and 4) and GnIH (gonadotropin inhibitory hormone) in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, retina and in gonads of adult zebrafish. We also compared the expression of these genes during the different stages of ovarian maturation in zebrafish. For that, total RNA of the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, retina and gonads was extracted with the PureLink® RNA Mini Kit(Ambion®). RT-PCR and qPCR analysis were performed using forward and reverse primers for gnrh2, gnrh3, gnrhr1, gnrhr2, gnrhr3, gnrhr4 for . Probes for in situ hybridization were constructed to verify the expression sites of these molecules in the olfactory epithelium, retina, and gonads. Immunohistochemistry usinganti-GnRH3 antibodies (BB8 and GF6) were performed to identify the GnRH3 protein in these tissues. The current study presents a general expression view of GnRH/GnIH and their receptors in the olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb-retinal axis during ...
Mestre
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Kirkpatrick, Bridgette Lee 1966. "Hormonal regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor expression in the ewe." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282660.

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Endocrine regulation of expression of GnRH receptors is an important step in the control of reproduction. During the early follicular phase of the estrous cycle in the ewe, GnRH receptor expression increases in preparation for the preovulatory surge of LH. The studies described herein were designed to further elucidate the hormonal interactions controlling GnRH receptor expression. In long-term ovariectomized ewes, neither removal of progesterone, nor the presence of estradiol affected the expression of GnRH receptors. However, in ewes ovariectomized during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and immediately implanted with progesterone and estradiol for 48 hours, low levels of estradiol for 24 hours were required to increase GnRH receptor mRNA following the removal of progesterone. In ovariectomized ewes following hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection, low levels of estradiol and pulsatile GnRH were required to increase GnRH receptor expression within 24 hours of treatment initiation. These results suggest an interaction between estradiol and GnRH is involved in increasing GnRH receptor expression during the periovulatory period. How progesterone, estradiol and, GnRH interact to increase GnRH receptors is unknown, but a possible candidate involved in mediating these interactions may be the cell specific transcription factor, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). SF-1 mRNA increased within 24 hours of treatment of ewes with prostaglandin F₂(α) compared to ewes in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. This suggests that progesterone may have an inhibitory effect on SF-1 mRNA. SF-1 mRNA was similar between ovariectomized ewes and ovariectomized ewes following hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection treated with estradiol and GnRH. Treatment with estradiol or GnRH alone did not increase SF-1 mRNA. The results of these experiments suggest that progesterone removal as well as the presence of estradiol and GnRH are required to increase GnRH receptor expression during the early follicular phase in the ewe. Further, the transcription factor, SF-1 may be involved in mediating the effects of these hormones on GnRH receptor expression.
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Von, Boetticher S. "Investigating the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) gene by dexamethasone." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1796.

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Wormald, Patricia J. "GnRH and neuropeptide regulation of gonadotropin secretion from cultured human pituitary cells." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27168.

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its superactive analogues are currently being used in the treatment of a number of endocrine disorders, such as endometriosis, precocious puberty, infertility and prostatic cancer. Selection of these analogues for clinical use have been previously based on their activities in animal models. This thesis has therefore investigated the binding characteristics of the human GnRH receptor, in comparison to those of the rat receptor, as well as the activities of a number of GnRH analogues for stimulating luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from cultured human pituitary cells. The establishment of a human pituitary bioassay system has further made possible the investigation of the direct regulatory roles of GnRH and other neuropeptides in man. To date, such studies in man have been performed in vivo and are thus complicated by the simultaneous interactions of numerous modulators.
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Powell, R. C. "Evolution of the structure and function of vertebrate brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27201.

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In this study, the structure and function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in different vertebrate species, in the classes Aves, Reptilia and Pisces was investigated. Acetic acid extracts were subjected to gel filtration chromatography and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to partially purify the GnRHs. The GnRH immunoreactivity was then characterized by analytical HPLC, and by assaying HPLC fractions by radioimmunoassay with region-specific antisera generated against mammalian GnRH, Gln⁸-GnRH and Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH and assessing luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing activity of fractions in a chicken dispersed anterior pituitary cell bioassay. Five GnRH molecular forms have thusfar been structurally characterized in vertebrate brain. In mammals a GnRH with the structure pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH₂ has been demonstrated in the hypothalamus (Matsuo et al., 1971; Burgus et al., 1972). Gln⁸-GnRH and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH were present in chicken hypothalamus (King and Millar, 1982a, 1982c; Miyamoto et al., 1983, 1984), Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH in salmon brain (Sherwood et al., 1983) and Tyr³,Leu⁵,Glu⁶,Trp⁷,Lys⁸-GnRH in lamprey brain (Sherwood et al., 1986). In ostrich (Struthio camelus) hypothalamus two GnRHs with identical properties to Gln⁸-GnRH and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH have been demonstrated, as well as four other LR-releasing factors with different chromatographic and immunological properties to any of the known naturally-occurring GnRHs. Since Gln⁸-GnRH and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH were also present in chicken hypothalamus it appears likely that these two GnRHs occur in all birds. In alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) brain only two GnRHs were detected. These forms co-eluted with Gln⁸-GnRH and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH in two HPLC systems. They cross-reacted similarly to the two synthetic peptides with antisera directed against mammalian GnRH and Gln⁸-GnRH and released LH from chicken dispersed anterior pituitary cells in a similar manner to the synthetic peptides. The Archosaurs (alligators and crocodiles) are believed to be closely related to birds and therefore it seems likely that they should have identical GnRHs. In skink (Calcides ocellatus tiligugu) brain one GnRH, which co-eluted with His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH, was demonstrated. Two other lizards (Cordylis nigra and Pordarcis s. sicula) have been studied (Powell et al., 1985; R.C. Powell, G. Ciarcia, V. Lance, R.P. Millar and J.A. King, submitted). In c. nigra four immunoreactive GnRHs were detected, two of which co-eluted released chicken LH similarly to, Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH and with, and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH. In P. s. sicula a GnRH molecular form similar to Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH occurred as well as two novel GnRHs. It thus appears that Gln⁸-GnRH does not occur in lower reptiles, but His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH and/or Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH do. His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH appears to he a widespread GnRH, occurring in vertebrates as diverse as birds and elasmobranch fish. In dogfish (Poroderma africanum) brain seven factors, which stimulated release of LH from chicken dispersed anterior pituitary cells, were separated on analytical HPLC. Two of these factors were partially characterized as Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH. Three of the other forms cross-reacted with GnRH antisera, but appear to be novel GnRHs. In teleost (Coris julis) brain two GnRHs similar to Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH and His⁵,Trp⁷,Tyr⁸-GnRH were present. These two GnRHs therefore appear to occur in both fish species studied. Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH is widespread amongst teleost fish (Jackson and Pan, 1983; Sherwood et al., 1983; Breton et al., 1984; Sherwood et al., 1984; King and Millar, 1985). From these data it seems evident that the mammalian GnRH molecular form occurs only in mammals and amphibians, Gln⁸-GnRH in birds and higher reptiles, and Trp⁷,Leu⁸-GnRH in gnathostomes. His⁵,Trp⁷, Tyr⁸-GnRH appears to he present in numerous different vertebrates. Tyr³,Leu⁵,Glu⁶,Trp⁷,Lys⁸-GnRH has thus far only been detected in lamprey brain. A number of novel GnRHs, whose structures have not been elucidated are present.
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Books on the topic "Gonadotropic hormones"

1

Organon Round Table Conference (3rd 1992 Paris, France). GnRH, GnRH analogs, gonadotropins, and gonadal peptides: The proceedings of the third Organon Round Table Conference, Paris, 1992. London: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1993.

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Jan, Horský. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and ovarian function. Prague: Avicenum, Czechoslovak Medical Press, 1986.

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Gore, Andrea C. GnRH, the master molecule of reproduction. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Gore, Andrea C. GnRH, the master molecule of reproduction. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Gore, Andrea C. GnRH, the master molecule of reproduction. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Matsuto, Mochizuki, and Hussa Robert O, eds. Placental protein hormones: Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium on Placental Protein Hormones, Kobe, Japan, 14-15 July 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1988.

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World, Congress on Fertility and Sterility (15th 1995 Bologna Italy). Treatment with GnRH analogs: Controversies and perspectives : the proceedings of a satellite symposium of the 15th World Congress on Fertility and Sterility held in Bologna, Italy, 15-16 September 1995. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1996.

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Saade, Georges. The regulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin gene expression by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and gonadal steroids in mice. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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Gillespie, Julia M. A. Melatonin mediated regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): Role of melatonin receptors and circadian rhythms. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Ferring Symposium on Brain and Pituitary Peptides (3rd 1985 Noordwijk, Netherlands). Pulsatile GnRH 1985: Proceedings of the 3rd Ferring Symposium, Noordwijk, September 11-13, 1985. Edited by Coelingh Bennink, Herman Jan Tymen, 1943-. Haarlem: Ferring, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gonadotropic hormones"

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Li, Choh Hao. "Studies on Human Pituitary Growth and Gonadotropic Hormones." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Human Pituitary Hormones (Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 13), 46–67. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719183.ch4.

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Greene, Michelle M., Kathryn Maher, and Clarissa S. Holmes. "Neuropsychological Functioning of Endocrinology Disorders: Gonadotropic Hormones and Corticosteroids." In Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology, 431–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1364-7_23.

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Greene, Michelle M., Kathryn Maher, and Clarissa S. Holmes. "Neuropsychological Functioning of Endocrinology Disorders: Gonadotropic Hormones and Corticosteroids." In Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology, 581–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14895-9_26.

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M�ller, J. "Gonadotropins, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Tests, and the Ovary." In Diagnostics of Endocrine Function in Children and Adolescents, 356–71. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073559.

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Labrie, Fernand, and Sheldon J. Segal. "Glycoprotein Hormones: Gonadotropins and Thyrotropin." In Hormones, 255–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3060-8_5.

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Latronico, Ana Claudia, and Ivo Jorge Prado Arnhold. "Gonadotropin Resistance." In Hormone Resistance and Hypersensitivity, 25–32. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000342496.

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Naor, Zvi, and Rony Seger. "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1577–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_2477.

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Manji, Husseini K., Jorge Quiroz, R. Andrew Chambers, Anthony Absalom, David Menon, Patrizia Porcu, A. Leslie Morrow, et al. "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 561. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1886.

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Naor, Zvi, and Rony Seger. "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_2477-2.

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Naor, Zvi, and Rony Seger. "Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1938–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_2477.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gonadotropic hormones"

1

Ohlsson, M., A. J. W. Hsueh, and T. Ny. "HORMONE REGULATION OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM IN THE OVARY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644389.

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In the ovary, the release of oocytes from graafian follicles during hormone-induced ovulation has been found to be associated with substantial increases in follicular plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Most of the PA activity comes from the granulosa cells that have been shown to produce tPA, uPA as well as the type-1 PA-inhibitor,(PAI-1).We have studied the molecular mechanism of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the synthesis of tPA in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. FSH and GnRH were both found to induce tPA in granulosa cells in a time and dose dependent manner. The effect of FSH and GnRH on the levels of tPA mRNA was also studied by northern and slot blot hybridizations. FSH and GnRH were both found to increase the level of tPA mRNA. The stimulation was up to 18 -fold compared to untreated cells.The induction of tPA mRNA by FSH and GnRH was additive and the time courses of the stimulation by the hormones differed, suggesting that different cellular mechanisms are involved. Consistent with the ability of FSH to activate the cAMP dependent protein kinase A pathway, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine further enhanced the FSH induction of tPA mRNA.GnRH is known to activate the phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C pathway. Likewise the effect of GnRH can be mimicked by the kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate.It is concluded that FSH and GnRH regulates tPA production by differnt molecular mechanisms, and that the increase in tPA activity is mediated via an increase in the levels tPA mRNA. Since both gonadotropins and GnRH cause ovulation in hyposectomized animals, similar stimulatory actions of these hormones on the tPA activity suggest a correlative relationship between this enzyme and the ovulatory process.
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Sand, Sharon R., Catherine Klifa, Michael F. Press, Malcolm Pike, Giske Ursin, Darcy Spicer, Lalit Vora, et al. "Abstract 3557: Reduced ovarian hormones & reduced mammographic & MRI determined breast density inBRCAcarriers following a hormonal chemo-prevention regimen of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHA) & low-dose add-back estrogen & testosterone." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3557.

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Hamad, Eyad M., Ghadeer Hawamdeh, Noor Abu Jarrad, Omar Yasin, Samer I. Al-Gharabli, and Raed Shadfan. "Detection of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Hormone using Digital Lateral Flow Immunoassay." In 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513355.

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"TOWARDS A NEW HOMOGENEOUS IMMUNOASSAY FOR GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE BASED ON TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE ANISOTROPY." In International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003152001840188.

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Asman, Aulia, Debby Sinthania, and Linda Marni. "The Effect of Epinephrine Administration on the Level of Gonadotropin Hormones of Japan Strain Female Mice (Mus Musculus)." In The Health Science International Conference. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009124301190123.

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Liang, Zhe-Hao, and Wei Lu. "Prediction of the basic gonadotrophic hormone levels in girls with precocious puberty using ultrasonic union artificial neural network." In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2011.6022283.

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Pacucci, VA, F. Ceccarelli, G. Perrone, I. Zannini, M. Candelieri, I. Leccese, C. Perricone, et al. "SAT0260 Ovarian function preservation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with cyclophosphamide." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.6381.

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Kim, HJ, MH Lee, JE Lee, SH Park, ES Lee, Y.-J. Kang, JH Lee, et al. "Abstract P1-12-09: The oncologic effect of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist for ovarian protection during breast cancer chemotherapy." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-12-09.

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Stepochkina, Anna, Andrey Bakhtyukov, Kira Derkach, Viktor Sorokoumov, Dmitry Dar’in, and Alexander Shpakov. "POTENTIAL EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT OF MALE RATS WITH TP03, AN ALLOSTERIC AGONIST OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR, ON THE STEROIDOGENIC EFFECT OF GONADOTROPIN." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2338.sudak.ns2021-17/359-360.

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Yoon, TI, HJ Kim, JH Yu, G. Sohn, BS Ko, JW Lee, BH Son, and SH Ahn. "Abstract P5-13-06: Concurrent gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist administration with chemotherapy improves neoadjuvant chemotherapy responses in young premenopausal breast cancer patients." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-13-06.

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