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Journal articles on the topic 'Gonder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Birkie, Mengesha, Yosef Zenebe, Gebeyaw Biset, Moges Gebresellassie, and Setegn Mihret. "Risk Factors for Gender-Based Violence among Female Students of Gonder Teacher’ Training College, Gonder, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010634.

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Background: Violence against women is the world's most prevalent, pervasive and enduring problem. Sexual violence appears to be particularly great among adolescent girls of Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2018, and 322 participants were selected via a stratified sampling technique. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis, then bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to see statistically significant factors. Results: Lifetime prevalence of Gender-based violence was found to be 35.1% (95% CI: 29.9 - 40.3). Risk factors significantly associated with sexual violence were living alone (AOR = 4.3 95% CI: 1.03, 18.09), having two or more number of sexual partner in life (AOR = 11.5 95% CI: 2.80, 47.16), lack of open discussion between parents and daughters about reproductive health issues (AOR= 5.05 95% CI: 1.37, 18.55), being third year student 9.06(1.96, 41.94), strict parenting style over the girls behavior (AOR = 3.4 (1.04,10.72), alcohol consumption (AOR = 8.3 95% CI: 2.57, 27.00), use of khat (AOR = 11.05 95% CI: 3.53, 34.60), and monthly financial support to the girls from family (AOR= 0.1, 95% CI: (0.03, 0.73). Conclusion: The prevalence of Gender-based violence among female college students in Gonder town was high. Attention should be paid to the reduction of the prevalence and those risk factors of Gender-based violence.

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2

Yeshi, Melisachew M., Rosemary H. Tambouret, and Elena F. Brachtel. "Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Ethiopia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0491-ra.

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Context.—Most of the population in Ethiopia lives below the poverty line with severely limited access to health care. The burden of infectious diseases is high, but benign and malignant neoplasms are also encountered frequently. For diagnosis of palpable lesions in this setting, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the method of choice. Objective.—To present findings from several patients from 3 major hospitals in Ethiopia who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Data Sources.—Representative cytopathology cases of routinely encountered problems are shown. Often patients present with clinically advanced lesions. Staffing, technique, and equipment used for fine-needle aspiration biopsy are described at Black Lion Hospital (Addis Ababa), the University of Gonder Hospital (Gonder), and Ayder Referral Hospital of Mekelle University in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Conclusions.—Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a highly effective method for diagnosis of mass lesions, especially in an environment with sparse health care resources, such as Ethiopia. This article illustrates the work of Ethiopian cytopathologists and emphasizes the constraints under which they perform their work.

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3

Awol, Mohammed. "Characterization and Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Agro-Morphological Traits of Ethiopian Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v18i1.1.

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This experiment was conducted in 2016 at Sirinka and Jari, under rainfed conditions to characterize and assess genetic diversity among the Ethiopian chickpea landraces. Two hundred two new germplasm accessions were grown in an alpha lattice design with three replications. Data on 16 traits were collected and analysed. Differences among the accessions were significant P<0.01). The genotypes were grouped into five clusters with different sizes. The genetic distances among the clusters were significant. The highest diversity indices pooled over characters within zones were recorded for accessions from South West Shewa (H= 2.03 ± 0.05) followed by Gurage (H=0.81 ± 0.08), West Shewa (H=0.73 ± 0.04) and North Gonder (H= 0.72 ± 0.05). The existence of wider morpho-agronomic diversity among the chickpea collections implies the potential to improve the crop and the need to conserve the diversity. Future collecting operations of chickpea accessions should strategically focus on areas with relatively large variation. From a genetic conservation point of view, it appears that South West Shewa, Gurage, West Shewa and North Gonder could be suitable as in situ conservation sites. Keywords: Accessions; diversity; clustering

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4

WASSIE, ALEMAYEHU, DEMEL TEKETAY, and NEIL POWELL. "CHURCH FORESTS IN NORTH GONDER ADMINISTRATIVE ZONE, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 15, no. 4 (January 2005): 349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2005.9752536.

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5

KEBEDE, TEMESGEN EYILET. "Impacts of Border in Borderland Conflict along the Ethio-Sudan Border: Evidence from Metema Woreda, North-Western Ethiopia." Jurnal Humaniora 32, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.52088.

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The aim of the study is to understand the dynamics of borderland conflicts in one location –Gonder, north-west Ethiopia, specifically, Metema Woreda – which lies along the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The study employed qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, case studies, and non-participant observation. The colonial origin of the Ethio-Sudan border is the overall background to the confrontation between farmers and investors over the contested lands in the region. The continued uncertainty over the precise location of the border has aggravated conflict that has yet to be resolved.

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6

Getachew, Birhan. "Trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in south gonder zone, anhara ethiopia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 5, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 1111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2018.052.1111.

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7

Assefa, Tewodros, Daniel Argaw, Allen Foster, and Ellen Schwartz. "Results of Trachoma Rapid Assessment in 11 Villages of South Gonder Zone, Ethiopia." Tropical Doctor 31, no. 4 (October 2001): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550103100406.

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8

Getachew, Birhan, and Menberu Teshome. "Markov chain modeling of daily rainfall in Lay Gaint Woreda, South Gonder Zone, Ethiopia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 5, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 1141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2018.052.1141.

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9

Demissie, Fikirte, Kumelachew Yeshitila, Mengistie Kindu, and Thomas Schneider. "Land use/Land cover changes and their causes in Libokemkem District of South Gonder, Ethiopia." Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 8 (November 2017): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2017.10.001.

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10

Assefa, Abraham, Sibylle Rahlenbeck, Kassie Molla, and Shitaye Alemu. "Seroprevalence of HIV-1 and Syphilis Antibodies in Blood Donors in Gonder, Ethiopia, 1989???1993." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 7, no. 12 (December 1994): 1282???1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334-199412000-00010.

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11

Mohammed Kassaw, Hawlet, Zewdu Birhane, Getachew Alemayehu, and Fatih Yildiz. "Determinants of market outlet choice decision of tomato producers in Fogera woreda, South Gonder zone, Ethiopia." Cogent Food & Agriculture 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1709394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1709394.

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12

Woldearegay, Beza Shewangizaw, Anteneh Argaw, Tesfaye Feyisa, Birhan Abdulkadir, and Endalkachew Wold-Meskel. "Response of Chickpea (Cicer aritienum L.) to Sulphur and Zinc Nutrients Application and Rhizobium Inoculation in North Western Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i10.2040-2048.3414.

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In sub-Saharan Africa, multiple plant nutrients deficiency besides nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is a major growth-limiting factor for crop production. As a result, some soils become non-responsive for Rhizobium inoculation besides P application. Based on the soil test result, the soil of Experimental sites had low organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn)[xy1]. Hence, an experiment was carried out on-farm at Gondar Zuria woreda in Tsion and Denzaz Kebeles to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation, S and Zn application on yield, nodulation, N and P uptake of chickpea. The experiment included twelve treatments developed via factorial combination of two level of inoculation (Rhizobium inoculated, un-inoculated), three level of S (0, 15, 30 kg Sulphur ha-1) and two levels of Zn (0, 1.5 kg Zinc ha-1). The treatment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the highest mean nodule number (15.3) and nodule volume (1.3 ml plant-1) over locations were obtained with Rhizobium inoculation integrated with 15 kg S and 1.5 kg Zn ha-1 which resulted in 37.8% and 116.7% increment over the control check, respectively. It was also observed that combined application of Rhizobium and 30 kg S ha-1 caused the highest (6.7) mean nodulation rating and seed yield (1775.5 kg ha-1) over locations which resulted in 86.1% and 28 % increase over the control check, respectively. Moreover, this treatment improved P use efficiency of chickpea. On the bases of observed result, it can be concluded that the response of chickpea to Rhizobium and P application can be improved by S application and Rhizobium inoculation with application of 30 kg S ha-1 with recommended rate of P and starter N is recommended for chickpea production at the experimental locations in Gonder Zuria Woreda.

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13

Kassa, Fekadu. "Informal transport and its effects in the developing world: a case study of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Journal of Transport Literature 8, no. 2 (April 2014): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2238-10312014000200006.

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This paper appraises the current situation of passenger road transport in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by a case study of long distance bus transport. Emphasis is given on the probability, area and service coverage of informality, and the effect of informal operators on the formal transport industry. The study shows that the manifestation of informality on the long distance bus market is relatively insignificant (about 13%) compared with small and mid-scale buses. The sector also serves about 15 major towns such as Mekele, Dire Dawa, Shashemene, Wolita Soddo, Jimma, Bahir Dar and Gonder Towns. The most relevant effects of informal operators on formal industry and long distance bus in particular are the accelerated increase in the rate of accidents, lack of tax payments and driving over the distance limit. Informality also leads the legal operators into illegality. Thus, one can infer that the accelerating rate of informality becomes a threat for the formal sector operators in general and the long distance bus market in particular, in the nation and developing countries.

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14

Tamene, Fistume, Fediu Akmel, Ermiyas Birhanu, and Behar Siraj. "Pattern Discovery and Association Analysis To Identify Customer Vulnerable To HIV/AIDS: Case of Marie Stopes Gonder Branch Clinic." IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 19, no. 04 (July 2017): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0661-1904020107.

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15

Alemayehu, Dagnachew Melesew, Abrham Debasu Mengistu, and Seffi Gebeyehu Mengistu. "Computer vision for Ethiopian agricultural crop pest identification." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp209-214.

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<p>Crop pest is an organism that creates damage on to the agriculture by feeding crops. The research focuses on four major types of crop pest which occurs on teff, wheat, sorghum, barley and maize these are Black tef beetles, Ageda korkur, Degeza and Yesinde Kish Kish. The aim of this paper is identification of the four types of agricultural crop pest using a computer vision technique. The image of crop pest were taken from Amhara regions of Ethiopia i.e. Adiet, Dejen, Gonder, Debremarkos (places where images were taken). In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN), a hybrid of self organizing map (SOM) with Radial basis function (RBF) and a hybrid of support vector machine (SVM) with Radial basis function (RBF) are used, and also we used Otsu and Kmeans segmentation techniques. Finally we selected Kmeans techniques for segmenting crop pest. In general, the overall result showed that using kmeans segmentation in RBF and SVM perform better than using otsu method in the other algorithm and the recognition performance of the combination of RBF (Radial basis function) and SVM (support vector machine) is 93.33%.</p>

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16

RUELLE, MORGAN L., KARIM-ALY KASSAM, and ZEMEDE ASFAW. "Human ecology of sacred space: Church forests in the highlands of northwestern Ethiopia." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 3 (November 21, 2017): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000534.

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SUMMARYIn the highlands of northwestern Ethiopia, Orthodox Christian churches provide habitats for plants that have become rare in the surrounding agricultural landscapes. The objective of this paper is to investigate why and how the local clergy and laypeople protect and promote woody plants within their sacred spaces. Interviews at 11 churches in the Debark District of North Gonder generated a list of 47 woody species, of which most are rare in the rest of the landscape. Three tree species (indigenous cedar, Juniperus procera; indigenous olive, Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata; and exotic Eucalyptus globulus) were identified as most important. While cedar and olive are symbols of tradition and witnesses to church history, eucalyptus is a source of income and alternative material for church construction and repair. A significant proportion of indigenous species within Debark's church forests were said to have been planted, including cedars and olives. Knowledge that these species are cultivated enhances the conservation value of these forests by inspiring local people to continue planting trees and shrubs. In addition to serving as refugia for rare species, Ethiopia's church forests nurture the knowledge necessary to promote plant diversity in the rest of the landscape and serve as archetypes for community-driven conservation.

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17

ESHETE, ABEJE, DEMEL TEKETAY, and HÅKAN HULTEN. "THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND STATUS OF POPULATIONS OFBOSWELLIA PAPYRIFERA(DEL.) HOCHST. IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF NORTH GONDER ZONE." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 15, no. 1 (January 2005): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2005.9752507.

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18

Karunamoorthi, Kaliyaperumal, Adane Mulelam, and Fentahun Wassie. "Assessment of knowledge and usage custom of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants in Addis Zemen Town, South Gonder, North Western Ethiopia." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 121, no. 1 (January 2009): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.027.

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19

Weldemichael, Micheale Yifter, Yemane Tsehaye Baryatsion, Desta Berhe Sbhatu, Girmay Gebresamuel Abraha, Hagos Mohammedseid Juhar, Abraha Birhan Kassa, Fiseha Baraki Sibhatu, et al. "Effect of Sodium Azide on Quantitative and Qualitative Stem Traits in the M2 Generation of Ethiopian Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes." Scientific World Journal 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660711.

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The emerging oilseed crop Sesamum indicum, also known as the queen of oilseeds, is being grown globally for its oil content for medicinal and nutritional values. One of the key challenges of sesame cultivation is its low productivity. In the present study, sodium azide (NaN3) was used as a chemical mutagen. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NaN3 on quantitative and qualitative stem traits in the M2 generation of Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Seeds of fourteen sesame genotypes were used in this study and germinated and grown under greenhouse conditions. Different qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. Traits such as plant height, ground distance to first distance, and internode length were significantly affected by NaN3 treatment. The highest plant height was recorded in the control on Humera 1 and Baha Necho genotypes, while the lowest was observed on Setit 2 and Hirhir treated with the chemical. The highest ground distance to the first branch was observed in Gumero, while the least ground distance was recorded in Setit 1 in the treated and control genotypes, respectively. The best internode length was recorded on Setit 2 and ADI in the control, while the lowest internode length was observed in Setit 1 genotype treated with sodium azide. Genotypes such as ACC44, ADI, Baha Necho, Borkena, Gonder 1, and Setit 1 treated with NaN3 have showed glabrous type of stem hairiness. All the fourteen genotypes (both treated and control) were clustered into four groups. In conclusion, we observed a highly significant variation among the genotypes due the effect of the chemical and genotypes themselves. Hence, this report would create more genetic diversity for further sesame genetic research improvements.

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20

Muluye, Dagnachew, Yitayih Wondimeneh, Yeshambel Belyhun, Feleke Moges, Mengistu Endris, Getachew Ferede, Gashaw Yitayew, and Digsu Negese. "Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." ISRN Tropical Medicine 2013 (August 12, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/123858.

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Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and is a major opportunistic pathogen in immune-compromised hosts. This study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii and associated risk factors among people living with HIV. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was carried out among people living with HIV attending Gondar University Hospital. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic factors, and 10mL of venous blood was collected for anti-Toxoplasma antibody test and determination of CD4 levels. Serum was tested in duplicate for anti-Toxoplasma antibody using rapid slide agglutination test. Results. A total of 170 study subjects were enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of T. gondii among the study participants was 76.5% (95% CI: 69.0–82.8). High proportions of seropositive individuals (64.7%) were found under the child bearing age groups. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of HIV monoinfected participants was cells/mm3 while coinfected study participants had mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of cells/mm3 with value of 0.01. Conclusion. The seroprevalence of T. gondii among people living with HIV was high. Cautious followup of HIV-positive patients is needed to prevent development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and other related complications.

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21

Certz, Christian. "Abrechnung mit wahrheitsfremden Ernährungswissenschaften: Fett! Unterhaltsames und Informatives über fette Lügen und mehrfach ungesättigte Versprechungen. Von Ulrike Gonder. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart-Leipzig 2004. 232 Seiten. geb., 16,80 Euro. ISBN 3-77." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 53, no. 7-8 (July 2005): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20050530727.

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22

ASEMU, Mulu Tiruneh, Kasim Mohammed YESUF, and Yohannes Tadesse ASNAQEW. "Survival Analysis of Glaucoma Patients Until Blindness: The Case of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics 11, no. 1 (2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/biostatic.2019-64649.

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23

Rifkind, David. "Gondar." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 492–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.4.492.

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Gondar, Ethiopia, expanded dramatically in the late 1930s as a colonial administrative center for Italian East Africa. David Rifkind shows how urban design and architecture functioned in Gondar between 1936 and 1941 as key tools of Italian colonial policy. Italian urbanism throughout the fascist era illustrates the disquieting compatibility of progressive planning and authoritarian politics, and in Gondar modern urban design was used to define imperial identity for both Italian settlers and African colonial subjects. Gondar: Architecture and Urbanism for Italy's Fascist Empire documents the striking sensitivity to topography and historical preservation that Italian designers brought to their colonial mission as well as the skill with which they adapted to the material and political challenges of working in Italy's overseas dominions.

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24

Kjellmer, Göran. "Goner." English Studies 80, no. 5 (October 1999): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389908599200.

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25

Abate, Molla. "Biological Benefits of Intercropping Maize (<i>Zea mays L</i>) with Fenugreek, Field Pea and Haricot Bean Under Irrigation in <i>Fogera</i> Plain, South <i>Gonder</i> Zone, Ethiopia." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 7, no. 1 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20180701.14.

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26

Eshetu, Moges, Masersha Getinet, Chanie Tebaber, Addisu Agrie, bv Mesfin Eyobe, and Wgeorgis Beyen Cherkos. "Species diversity, habitat association and abundance of avifauna and large mammals in Gonde Teklehimanot and Aresema monasteries in North Gondar, Ethiopia." International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2017.1136.

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27

Moges, Haimanot Gebrehiwot, Desalegn Woldeyohannes Kifle, Heila Lotz-Sisitka, and Solomon Meseret Woldyohhanes. "Sustainability Assessment of University of Gondar, Gondar, North-west Ethiopia." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (March 2014): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973408214529990.

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28

Mengistu, Genet. "Fertility and child mortality in rural Ethiopia: Gondar and Hararge regions." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017776.

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SummaryThis paper presents fertility and child mortality estimates for agricultural households of the Gondar and Hararge regions, based on the 1981 Rural Demographic Survey. The study shows that fertility and child mortality are quite high in both regions as in the rest of the country. However, Hararge has significantly higher mean parity and child mortality than Gondar.

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Góñez, L. Jorge, Gaetano Naselli, Ilia Banakh, Hideo Niwa, and Leonard C. Harrison. "Pancreatic Expression and Mitochondrial Localization of the Progestin-AdipoQ Receptor PAQR10." Molecular Medicine 14, no. 11-12 (November 2008): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2119/2008-00072.gonez.

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30

Gibson, Christopher J., and R. Coleman Lindsley. "Stem cell donors should not be screened for clonal hematopoiesis." Blood Advances 4, no. 4 (February 25, 2020): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000395.

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31

Yiğit, Gülşah. "Neisseria gonorrhoea: Gonorrhoea and antibiotic resistance." Journal of Turkish Family Physician 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15511/tjtfp.16.01606.

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32

Ahmad, Abdussamad H. "Muslims of Gondar 1864-1941." Annales d'Ethiopie 16, no. 1 (2000): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ethio.2000.971.

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33

Keune, W. "Ulrich Gonser zum 65. Geburtstag." Physik Journal 44, no. 2 (February 1988): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19880440209.

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Tilahun, Misganaw, Netsanet Habte, Kenean Mekonnen, Mengesha Srahbzu, and Daniel Ayelegne. "Nonadherence to Antiepileptic Medications and Its Determinants among Epileptic Patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019: An Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Neurology Research International 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8886828.

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Introduction. Nonadherence to antiepileptic medication is the extent of a patient’s passive failure to follow the prescribed therapeutic regimen. The prevalence and impact of nonadherence to antiepileptic medication are high globally. The main purpose of this study was to assess nonadherence to antiepileptic medications and its associated factors among epileptic patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 epileptic patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, who were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by face to face interviews using a structured pretested questionnaire. Data were entered into EPI Info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. The data were described by descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression analysis was used as a model, and variables with a p value of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant with nonadherence to antiepileptic medications. Results. A total of 356 epileptic patients participated in the study yielding a response rate of 97.5%. The overall prevalence of nonadherence to antiepileptic medications among epileptic patients attending at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital was 38.5% (95% CI: 33.1–43.8). Divorced and/or widowed marital status (AOR: 3.38 (95% CI: 1.54, 7.44)), treatment duration of 3–5 years (AOR = 3.58 (95% CI: 1.38, 9.29)), treatment duration of 5 and above years (AOR: 3.49 (95% CI: 1.53, 7.95)), comorbidity (AOR: 2.42 (95% CI: 1.08, 5.43)), side effects of antiepileptic medications (AOR: 3.36 (95% CI: 1.67, 6.74)), absence of health information (AOR: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.11, 3.52)), epilepsy-related stigma (AOR: 2.81 (95% CI: 1.57, 5.02)), and negative attitude towards antiepileptic medications (AOR: 2.46 (95% CI: 1.36, 4.45)) were significantly associated with nonadherence to antiepileptic medications. Conclusions. Prevalence of nonadherence to antiepileptic medications among epileptic patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital was found to be high. Hence, giving health information about epilepsy and its management will help to reduce antiepileptic medications’ nonadherence.

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Cai, Jun, Zhijin Sheng, Yu Jin, Yinan Du, Xinlei Yan, and Yong Yao. "Potential linkage between Toxoplasma gondii infection and physical education scores of college students." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0241653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241653.

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Objective Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite that could infect virtually all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in college students at Anhui province, China and to assess risk factors for T. gondii infection in college students. Moreover, growing studies demonstrated the association between T. gondii infection and host behavioral changes. We also studied the linkage between T. gondii and physical education (PE) scores of college students. Methods A total of 2704 serum samples of medical school students attending physical education lessons were collected from September 2017 to September 2019 and evaluated for T. gondii IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Questionnaires and statistical analysis were used to determine the risk factors for T. gondii infection. We also analysed PE scores of T. gondii -infected students and T. gondii-uninfected students. Results The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 11.5%. The main risk factors related to T. gondii infection in college students were cat in the household and gardening or agriculture activity. Furthermore, in the basketball group and the soccer group, scores of T. gondii seropositive students were significantly higher than those of seronegative students, while in other sports there was no difference between scores of T. gondii-infected students and T. gondii uninfected students. Conclusion This is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in college students in Anhui province, China.

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Estrada-Martinez, Sergio, Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos, Melina Ibarra-Segovia, Isabel Beristaín-Garcia, Agar Ramos-Nevárez, Leandro Saenz-Soto, Elizabeth Rábago-Sánchez, Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola, and Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel. "Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0245701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245701.

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The seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in alcohol consumers is largely undeveloped. In light of this, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in alcohol consumers in Durango, Mexico, and the association of T. gondii seroprevalence with characteristics of the population studied. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were searched in sera of participants using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were then used to determine the association between T. gondii infection and the characteristics of the population studied. Of the 1544 people studied (mean age: 39.4±14.0 years), 173 (11.2%) tested positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. We were able to test 167 of the 173 anti-T. gondii IgG positive sera for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Fifty-five (32.9%) of these 167 serum samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis showed that visual impairment, history of surgery, and hepatitis were negatively associated with T. gondii IgG seropositivity (P<0.05). In women, seropositivity to T. gondii was positively associated with a history of pregnancy (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with the variables consumption of armadillo meat (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04–5.22; P = 0.03), and the use of latrines for elimination of excretes (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.07–4.80; P = 0.03); and high (>150 IU/ml) anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were associated with consumption of both armadillo meat (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01–5.02; P = 0.04) and crowding at home (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02–2.61; P = 0.03). We found a distinct T. gondii seroprevalence in people with alcohol consumption from those previously found in population groups in the region. This is the first study that illustrates the association between high anti-T. gondii antibodies and crowding in Mexico, and the second study on the association between T. gondii infection and consumption of armadillo meat and the use of latrines in this country. We conclude that epidemiology of T. gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption deserves further investigation.

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Asrijal, Asrijal. "PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) PADA BERBAGAI BOKASHI ECENG GONDOK." Journal TABARO Agriculture Science 3, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tabaro.v3i2.300.

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Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.), pada berbagai bokashi eceng gondok. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak kelompok terhadap empat macam bokashi eceng gondok yaitu tanpa bokashi eceng gondok, bokashi eceng gondok kotoran ayam pedaging, bokashi eceng gondok kotoran sapi, dan bokashi eceng gondok kotoran ayam kampung. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga jumlah kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 12 kombinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi bokashi eceng gondok kotoran ternak ayam kampung memperlihatkan hasil yang nyata dan tertinggi pada jumlah daun dan bobot segar tanaman sawi masing-masing sebesar 9.51 helai dan 27,79 g/tanaman, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya

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Ahmad, Zaki, Yara W. Moustafa, John W. Stiller, Mary A. Pavlovich, Uttam K. Raheja, Claudia Gragnoli, Soren Snitker, et al. "Sleep onset insomnia, daytime sleepiness and sleep duration in relationship to Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity and serointensity." Pteridines 28, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2017): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2017-0010.

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AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infects central nervous tissue and is kept in relative dormancy by a healthy immune system. Sleep disturbances have been found to precipitate mental illness, suicidal behavior and car accidents, which have been previously linked to T. gondii as well. We speculated that if sleep disruption, particularly insomnia, would mediate, at least partly, the link between T. gondii infection and related behavioral dysregulation, then we would be able to identify significant associations between sleep disruption and T. gondii. The mechanisms for such an association may involve dopamine (DA) production by T. gondii, or collateral effects of immune activation necessary to keep T. gondii in check. Sleep questionnaires from 2031 Old Order Amish were analyzed in relationship to T. gondii-IgG antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and serointensity were not associated with any of the sleep latency variables or Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A secondary analysis identified, after adjustment for age group, a statistical trend toward shorter sleep duration in seropositive men (p=0.07). In conclusion, it is unlikely that sleep disruption mediates links between T. gondii and mental illness or behavioral dysregulation. Trending gender differences in associations between T. gondii and shorter sleep need further investigation.

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Sasaqi, Dilyan Sasaqi, Yahdi Yahdi, and Lutvia Krismayanti. "Pengaruh Tingkat pH, Fosfat, Nitrat, dan Ammonium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Eceng Gondok di Perairan Bendungan Batujai, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah." Biota 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jb.v9i1.45.

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Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) digolongkan sebagai gulma perairan yang mampu menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan lingkungan dan berkembang biak secara cepat. Adapun faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) meliputi tingkat pH, fosfat, nitrat dan ammonium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pH, fosfat, nitrat dan ammonium terhadap pertumbuhan eceng gondok di perairan Bendungan Batujai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 19 Oktober sampai dengan 16 November 2015. Parameter yang diukur meliputi tinggi batang eceng gondok, berat basah eceng gondok, dan jumlah helai daun eceng gondok. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur adalah pH, nitrat, fosfat dan ammonium. Pada lokasi A yaitu di Sungai Leneng biomassa rata-rata eceng gondok 0,29 kg, lokasi C yaitu di Sungai Manhal biomassa rata-rata eceng gondok 0,31 kg, lokasi D yaitu di Bendungan Batujai biomassa rata-rata eceng gondok 0,29 kg. Pertumbuhan biomassa optimum eceng gondok berada pada kadar Nitrat (NO3) sebesar 3,495 ppm yang terdapat pada penelitian ke-2 dengan biomassa basah eceng gondok yaitu 0,39 kg dan pertumbuhan biomassa sebesar 0,035 % kg/hari. Pada lokasi C memberikan hasil paling baik karena unsur hara pada perairan tersebut lebih banyak, hal ini bisa dilihat dari tingkat pH, fosfat, nitrat dan ammonium yang dimiliki lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lokasi yang lain.

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Bakacak, Murat. "Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women." Dicle Medical Journal / Dicle Tıp Dergisi 41, no. 2 (January 6, 2014): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2014.02.0425.

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Poirriez, J., E. Dei-Cas, L. Dujardin, and I. Landau. "The blood-stages of Plasmodium georgesi, P. gonderi and P. petersi: course of untreated infection in their natural hosts and additional morphological distinctive features." Parasitology 111, no. 5 (December 1995): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000077015.

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SUMMARYIn the blood of a Cercocebus albigena and of a C. galeritus agilis monkey, the infection with Plasmodium gonderi was found to follow its well-known chronic course; P. georgesi seemed to occur as a relapsing type of malaria parasite; P. petersi was found for only a few days and at a low level in C. albigena (end of an attack?). As shown by using polarized light, the pigment granules appeared mostly as fine dots in P. georgesi, short rods in P. gonderi and long needles in P. petersi. The three species can be distinguished by the morphological appearance of the nucleus of the young trophozoites, and also by the measurement of its surface area (Sa): small round nucleus (Sa= 0·81 ± 0·06 μm2) in P. gonderi, large 2-coloured nucleus (Sa= 1·43 ± 0·21 μm2) in P. petersi, and long crescent-shaped nucleus (Sa= 2·18±0·25 μm2) in P. georgesi. The first colour illustrations of the blood-stages of P. georgesi are presented. The dynamics of single and mixed blood infections in primate malaria parasites are discussed, with a proposal to classify them into 3 types.

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Theel, Elitza S., Melanie L. Yarbrough, Heather Hilgart, and Ann M. Gronowski. "Evaluation of the Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 Toxoplasma gondii IgM Multiplex Flow Immunoassay." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 3, no. 6 (May 1, 2019): 1022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/jalm.2018.026906.

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Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is routinely diagnosed through detection of Toxoplasma gondii–specific antibodies. However, the imperfect specificity of T. gondii serologic assays is a well-recognized limitation. The new BioPlex 2200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories) T. gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (ToRC) IgM multiplex flow immunoassay (MFI) received FDA clearance in May 2017. We evaluated the clinical performance of the new T. gondii IgM and existing IgG portion of this MFI. Methods Three hundred prospectively collected consecutive, residual sera, submitted for T. gondii serologic testing as part of routine clinical care, and an archived set of 52 residual sera previously positive for anti–T. gondii IgM and IgG with the predicate ADVIA Centaur Toxoplasma IgM and IgG assays (Siemens) were evaluated. Performance of the BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs was assessed by calculating positive (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) compared to the Centaur tests. Results Among prospective specimens, the BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs demonstrated a PPA of 0% (0/7) and 82.3% (28/34) and NPA of 99.3% (288/290) and 95.8% (251/262), respectively, with the Centaur assays. Chart review of the 7 Centaur T. gondii IgM-positive samples revealed that these were likely falsely positive. Among archived samples, the BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs showed PPAs of 90.4% (47/52) and 100% (52/52), respectively. Conclusions The BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs demonstrated excellent concordance with the Centaur assays. The T. gondii IgM MFI may provide higher specificity in low-prevalence populations.

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Nasiru Wana, Mohammed, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Malaika Watanabe, Ngah Zasmy Unyah, Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi, Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid, Norshariza Nordin, Rusliza Basir, and Roslaini Abd Majid. "Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018." Pathogens 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070576.

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The major route for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is through the ingestion of foods contaminated with oocyst from cat faeces. The microscopic detection of T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces is challenging, which contributes to the failure of detecting or differentiating it from other related coccidian parasites. This study aims to detect T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces using two multicopy-target PCR assays and to evaluate their genetic diversity. Cat faecal (200) samples were collected from pet cats (PCs; 100) and free-roaming cats (FRCs; 100) within Klang Valley, Malaysia, and screened for coccidian oocysts by microscopy using Sheather’s sucrose floatation. PCR assays were performed on each faecal sample, targeting a B1 gene and a repetitive element (REP) gene to confirm T. gondii oocysts. Additionally, the PCR amplicons from the REP gene were sequenced to further confirm T. gondii-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Microscopy detected 7/200 (3.5%) T. gondii-like oocysts, while both the B1 gene and the REP gene detected 17/200 (8.5%) samples positive for T. gondii. All samples that were microscopically positive for T. gondii-like oocysts were also shown to be positive by both B1 and REP genes. The BLAST results sequenced for 16/200 (8.0%) PCR-positive T. gondii samples revealed homology and genetic heterogeneity with T. gondii strains in the GenBank, except for only one positive sample that did not show a result. There was almost perfect agreement (k = 0.145) between the two PCR assays targeting the B1 gene and the REP gene. This is the first report on microscopic, molecular detection and genetic diversity of T. gondii from cat faecal samples in Malaysia. In addition, the sensitivities of either the B1 gene or REP gene multicopy-target PCR assays are suitable for the accurate detection of T. gondii from cat faeces.

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Zhou, Zuoyong, Yutong Wu, Yiwang Chen, Zhiying Wang, Shijun Hu, Rongqiong Zhou, Chunxia Dong, Hongquan Lin, and Kui Nie. "Molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Anaplasma spp. infection in goats from Chongqing Municipality, China." Parasite 25 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018024.

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Toxoplasmosis and anaplasmosis are severe zoonotic diseases, the former caused by Toxoplasma gondii and the latter by Anaplasma spp. In the present study, 332 goat blood samples were randomly collected from Chongqing Municipality, China to screen for T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect DNA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence of T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. was 38% and 35% respectively by PCR, and 42% for T. gondii antibodies by ELISA. The co-infection rate by T. gondii and Anaplasma was 13%, where the two predominant pathogens co-infecting were Anaplasma phagocytophilum + A. bovis (10%), followed by T. gondii + A. phagocytophilum (9.64%). While co-infection by three pathogens varied ranging from 1.81% to 5.72%, less than 1% of goats were found to be positive for four pathogens. This is the first investigation of T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. infection in goats from Chongqing.

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Duffy, Allyson R., Jeffrey R. O’Connell, Mary Pavlovich, Kathleen A. Ryan, Christopher A. Lowry, Melanie Daue, Uttam K. Raheja, et al. "Toxoplasma gondii Serointensity and Seropositivity: Heritability and Household-Related Associations in the Old Order Amish." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193732.

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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite infecting one third of the world’s population. Latent T. gondii infection has been associated with mental illness, including schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. T. gondii IgG antibody titers were measured via ELISA. The heritability of T. gondii IgG was estimated using a mixed model that included fixed effects for age and sex and random kinship effect. Of 2017 Old Order Amish participants, 1098 had positive titers (54.4%). The heritability for T. gondii serointensity was estimated to be 0.22 (p = 1.7 × 10−8 and for seropositivity, it was estimated to be 0.28 (p = 1.9 × 10−5). Shared household environmental effects (i.e., household effects) were also determined. Household effects, modeled as a random variable, were assessed as the phenotypic covariance between any two individuals who had the same current address (i.e., contemporaneous household), and nuclear household (i.e., the phenotypic covariance between parents and children only, not other siblings or spouses). Household effects did not account for a significant proportion of variance in either T. gondii serointensity or T. gondii seropositivity. Our results suggest a significant familial aggregation of T. gondii serointensity and seropositivity with significant heritability. The shared household does not contribute significantly to family aggregation with T. gondii, suggesting that there are possible unmeasured non-household shared and non-shared environmental factors that may play a significant role. Furthermore, the small but significant heritability effects justify the exploration of genetic vulnerability to T. gondii exposure, infection, virulence, and neurotropism.

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Astawa, Nyoman, and Saultan Panjaitan. "IDENTIFIKASI PROSES TOMBOLO TANJUNG GONDOL DENGAN PERHITUNGAN ENERGI FLUX GELOMBANG DI PANTAI SINGARAJA, BALI UTARA." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.8.2.2010.186.

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Morfologi Tanjung Gondol terdiri atas perbukitan yang cukup kontras terhadap morfologi di sekitarnya berupa pedataran. Batuan penyusun Tanjung Gondol terdiri atas batuan volkanik berupa lava, dan breksi vulkanik, yang mempunyai resistensi cukup tinggi terhadap energi gelombang laut. Daerah pedataran disusun oleh endapan aluvium yang sebagian besar berupa endapan pasir yang sangat mudah tergerus oleh energi gelombang. Tanjung Gondol adalah sebuah pulau dekat pantai yang dipisahkan dari Pulau Bali oleh sebuah selat yang sempit dengan lautnya yang dangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi proses pembentukan tombolo Tanjung Gondol berdasarkan analisis data geologi dan oseanografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tanjung Gondol sebelumnya berupa sebuah pulau kecil yang terpisah dari Pulau Bali, dan dibatasi oleh laut dangkal. Karena proses pendangkalan pada laut tersebut akibat arus sejajar pantai, maka pulau kecil ini secara berangsur bersatu dengan Pulau Bali membentuk Tombolo Tanjung Gondol. kunci : geologi, oseanografi, tombolo, Tanjung Gondol The morphology Tanjung Gondol consists of hills that fairly contrast to the surrounding morphology of plain. The lithology of Tanjung Gondol consist of volcanic rocks such plain as lava, and volcanic breccia, which has a high resistans to the sea wave energy. The plain area consist of alluvial deposits mostly of sand which are easily eroded by the sea waves. Tanjung Gondol is an island near the coast which is separated from Bali Island by the narrow strait with shallow sea. The aim of study is to identify the forming process of tombolo Tanjung Gondol based on the analyses of geological and oceanographical data. The result shows that the previous Tanjung Gondol was a small island separated from the Bali Island by a shallow sea. Due to the shallowing process in the area caused by longshore currents, this small island is then gradually connected to Bali Island forming the tombolo of Tanjung Gondol. Keywords : geology, oceanography, tombolo, Tanjung Gondol.

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Dubey, J. P., H. F. J. Pena, C. K. Cerqueira-Cézar, F. H. A. Murata, O. C. H. Kwok, Y. R. Yang, S. M. Gennari, and C. Su. "Epidemiologic significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): the past decade." Parasitology 147, no. 12 (July 14, 2020): 1263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001134.

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AbstractToxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Domestic free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) are excellent sentinels of environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts because they feed on the ground. Chickens can be easily infected with T. gondii; however, clinical toxoplasmosis is rare in these hosts. Chickens are comparatively inexpensive and thus are good sentinel animals for T. gondii infections on the farms. Here, the authors reviewed prevalence, the persistence of infection, clinical disease, epidemiology and genetic diversity of T. gondii strains isolated from chickens worldwide for the past decade. Data on phenotypic and molecular characteristics of 794 viable T. gondii strains from chickens are discussed, including new data on T. gondii isolates from chickens in Brazil. This paper will be of interest to biologists, epidemiologists, veterinarians and parasitologists.

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Yesuf, Kasim Mohammed. "Statistical Analysis on Factors that Induces Females to Prostitution: The case of Gondar Town, Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Medical Research 8, no. 1 (March 2019): CM11—CM15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ajmr.2019.8.1.cm2.

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Eshetie, Setegn, Fentahun Tarekegn, Gemechu Kumera, and Feleke Mekonnen. "Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine sample, University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4, no. 2 (February 2016): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.4.2016j5-247.

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R Sarjono, Purbowatiningrum, Nies S Mulyani, and Wirnia S Setyani. "KADAR GLUKOSA DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA PADA ECENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI." Molekul 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2012.7.2.118.

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Telah kita ketahui bahwa eceng gondok merupakan salah satu sumber selulosa yang melimpah di alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon bagi jamur Trichoderma viride. Eceng gondok memiliki bobot kering selulosa 21,5%, hemiselulosa 33,9% dan lignin 7,01%. Trichoderma viride adalah jamur saprofit yang berpotensi memproduksi selulase yang mampu mendegradasi ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produksi sirup gula, asam organik dan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang mampu tumbuh pada media pertumbuhan hasil modifikasi eceng gondok serta memperoleh temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis eceng gondok dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan glukosa.Proses pertama adalah persiapan sampel enceng gondok meliputi delignifikasi, kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride dibuat dalam media modifikasi eceng gondok untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride. Penentuan temperatur optimum dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada glukosa yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok menggunakan metode Nelson Somogyi.Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Trichoderma viride mampu tumbuh pada media modifikasi eceng gondok. Temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok adalah 35oC dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 yaitu sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.

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