Academic literature on the topic 'Gong yuan'

碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>地理學系<br>91<br>Abstract This study aims to amplify on the researcher’s novel definitions towards Geopiety through a field-research in Taiwan, R. O. C. The concept of Geopiety is developed by Tuan in A theme in man’s attachment to nature and to place in memory of John K. Wright. In this article, Tuan extends Wright’s definitions towards Geopiety so as to stand for even more complicated relations between man and nature. The conductor of this research, Kuo-Kang, Li, further clarifies that Geopiety consists of existential, special, environmental, and religious phases. He has developed a set of systematic emotional theories of Geopiety so that the concept of Geopiety could be put into practice in the field of Regional Geography and Cultural Geography. Li also looks forward to finding an emotional key to the geosophical study of place through this research.. Li claims that regarding nature, surroundings, and the earth as a home, a hometown, and even a homeland, is the essence of Geopiety. Geopiety is a process in which people make adjustments on their behaviors in order to get accustomed to nature and environments. The process of identifying with nature includes three emotional stages. One is perception, another is manifestation, and the other is union. During these three stages, people expect to go beyond the reality and construct a spiritual vision, an eternal home with four elements─heaven, earth, gods, and beings. Through different cultural constructs, this eternal home turns into a cultural landscape. When people are involved in the activities of this cultural landscape, they acquire a sense of happiness and peace. In this way, not only does the surficial landscape attain people’s Geopiety, but the cultural landscape also mirrors Geopiety. This research is conducted to explore such Geopiety through the cult of Tudi Gong in Taiwan. Li, the researcher, has collected different patterns of landscapes and locations of 129 Tudi Gong temples of the Yuan-Li Town in Miao-Li County in Taiwan. By conducting a field-research about how people locate and construct Tudi Gong temples, Li vividly depicts how Tudi-Gong temples help people break through the reality and how they lead people to a region of Geopiety with the heaven, earth, gods, and beings inside. The researcher draws a conclusion from the field-research that Geopiety is a dynamic process in which people make adjustments to identify with the power of nature. Also, the researcher hopes that this research might lead the Regional Geography and Cultural Geography to a new era of emotional research. Keywords：Geopiety, cultural landscape.

Chan, Yuen Lai.<br>Thesis submitted in: December 2007.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-133).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese ; some text in appendix also in Chinese.<br>Abstract<br>Acknowledgement<br>Table of Contents<br>Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- PAINTER'S EXPERIENCE IN LANDSCAPE --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.1 --- Bodily experience and body metaphor of place from western philosophy --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.1.2 --- "Jing, Guo Xi 226}0ةs three distances, and body as mountain and water" --- p.5<br>Chapter 1.2 --- QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS --- p.9<br>Chapter 1.3 --- RESEARCH MATERIALS --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.3.1 --- "Forms, words and images" --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.3.2 --- Research materials --- p.11<br>Chapter 1.4 --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.11<br>Chapter 1.4.1 --- Study of gardens from paintings --- p.11<br>Chapter 1.4.2 --- Research methodology --- p.14<br>Chapter 1.5 --- OUTLINE OF THESIS --- p.14<br>Chapter 2 --- LANDSCAPED GARDEN FROM LANDSCAPE PAINTING --- p.17<br>Chapter 2.1 --- WAYS OF LANDSCAPE DEPICTION --- p.17<br>Chapter 2.1.1 --- Early landscape depictions --- p.17<br>Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cultivated garden in natural landscape from Six Dynasties --- p.18<br>Chapter 2.1.3 --- Monumental landscape in Northern Song --- p.19<br>Chapter 2.2 --- EARLY QING NANJING --- p.20<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Geographical settings: Mountain, water and city" --- p.20<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- Garden culture --- p.21<br>Chapter 2.2.3 --- Artistic milieu --- p.23<br>Chapter 2.3 --- CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.26<br>Chapter 3 --- GONG XIAN: HALF-ACRE GARDEN ON THE MOUNTAIN OF PURE COOLNESS --- p.32<br>Chapter 3.1 --- GONG XIAN THE LITERATI PAINTER --- p.32<br>Chapter 3.1.1 --- Major Iiteratures on Gong Xian --- p.32<br>Chapter 3.1.2 --- Gong Xian as an 'individualist' painter --- p.34<br>Chapter 3.2 --- HALF-ACRE GARDEN ON MOUNTAIN OF PURE COOLNESS --- p.38<br>Chapter 3.2.1 --- Mountain of Pure Coolness as a historical site --- p.39<br>Chapter 3.2.2 --- Half-acre garden set within Mountain of Pare Coolness --- p.41<br>Chapter 3.2.3 --- A glimpse through half-acre garden --- p.43<br>Chapter 3.3 --- PERMEABLE GARDEN SPACE --- p.47<br>Chapter 3.3.1 --- Ambiguous boundary --- p.48<br>Chapter 3.3.2 --- Everyday social encounters --- p.49<br>Chapter 3.3.3 --- Narrated landscape of the past --- p.52<br>Chapter 3.3.4 --- Imaginary landscape of the mind --- p.53<br>Chapter 3.4 --- CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.54<br>Chapter 4 --- YUAN JIANG: ZHAN YUAN [OUTLOOK GARDEN] --- p.60<br>Chapter 4.1 --- YUAN JIANG THE PROFESSIONAL PAINTER --- p.60<br>Chapter 4.1.1 --- Major literatures on Yuan Jiang --- p.61<br>Chapter 4.1.2 --- Yuan Jiang as a jiehua painter --- p.62<br>Chapter 4.2 --- ZHAN YUAN --- p.67<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- The evolutionary fame and popularity of the garden and its designations --- p.68<br>Chapter 4.2.2 --- West Garden of Prince Zhongshan in early Ming --- p.68<br>Chapter 4.2.3 --- West Nursery of Weigong in Ming Wanli reign --- p.69<br>Chapter 4.2.4 --- Zhan Yuan during Qing --- p.70<br>Chapter 4.3 --- TRANSFIGURED GARDEN --- p.77<br>Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Survey on the garden 226}0ةs sceneries, and courtly and paradisiac symbols" --- p.77<br>Chapter 4.3.2 --- Garden portraiture as courtly and paradisiac landscape --- p.80<br>Chapter 4.4 --- CHAPTER SUMMARY --- p.82<br>Chapter 5 --- SUMMARY AND POSSIBILITIES: PAINTER'S PERCEPTION OF GARDEN SPACES --- p.90<br>Chapter 5.1 --- JING OF AN EXPERIENCED GARDEN --- p.90<br>Chapter 5.2 --- TWO GARDEN READINGS FROM TWO ART TRADITIONS --- p.90<br>Chapter 5.2.1 --- Garden boundary and conception --- p.90<br>Chapter 5.2.2 --- Archetypal garden readings --- p.91<br>Chapter 5.2.3 --- Themes of the memorable and the historical past --- p.92<br>Chapter 5.3 --- INSIGHTS AND POSSIBILITIES --- p.92<br>Append --- p.ix<br>Bibliography

碩士<br>中華大學<br>營建管理學系碩士班<br>102<br>The concept of reuses the monuments is gradually developed at home and abroad and the compatriots focus on the culture and leisure gradually. The reuse of monuments and historical buildings is successful to attract the bulks of people, such as the opening of “the ice cream of Miyahara Ophthalmology”. It's worth studying whether the boom of combined reuse monument and commercial marketing and its successful factors could be sustained or not. This research reviewed the literature about reuse ideological trend at home and abroad and the operation mode of reuse collected cases of reusing historic buildings for the catering in domestics, discuss its successful key-factor. We analyzed a case study of Miyahara ophthalmology with secondary data analysis, understood its history and the reuse designing ideas, organized the advantages and difficulties together; questionnaire is given to tourists who visited Miyahara ophthalmology, it focused on tourists' characteristics of sample and consumers’ characteristics to do the descriptive statistical analysis, and did factor analysis for tourists’ consumer satisfaction, and used the tourists’ personal background and the visitors into a t-test and ANOVA analysis in order to understand significant differences between these two areas of different visitors background variables. The research found their successful factors for their historic meanings and re-use conditions are as follows : (1) Combine “food, culture , monument , historic building” successfully, (2) Build and form good sights and comfortable environment, (3) Create a sense of beauty and designed historic dining space,(4) Professional brand marketing . Although the tourists’ satisfactions for Miyahara ophthalmology are high, their visiting frequencies to Miyahara ophthalmology are not high. Therefore, we suggest we can strengthen the cultural wide of Miyahara ophthalmology, hold the related cultural activities, and then it is not only close to enterprise’s original meaning to preserve the historic building, but also attracts the more tourists in order to achieve the sustainable management. We hope the research can be the reference for Miyahara ophthalmology, and it can be benefit to the Taichung city.

湯泳詩.<br>"2005年5月".<br>論文(神(道)學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005.<br>參考文獻(leaves 53-57).<br>"2005 nian 5 yue".<br>Abstract also in English.<br>Tang Yongshi.<br>Can kao wen xian (leaves 53-57).<br>Lun wen (Shen (dao) xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005.<br>ABSTRACT --- p.I<br>論文撮要 --- p.III<br>謝辭 --- p.IV<br>Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1<br>Chapter 第二章 --- 香港基督教工業委員會歷任主任生平與思想 --- p.4<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 簡美稼(1915-2003，1967-1969在任)的「勞資協調路線」 --- p.5<br>簡美稼的生平 --- p.5<br>簡美稼的工業宣教理念 --- p.7<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 馮煒文(1940-，1%9-1980在任)的「站在工人一邊立場」 --- p.9<br>馮煒文的生平 --- p.9<br>馮煒文的工業宣教理念 --- p.11<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 劉千石(1949- ，1980在任至今)的「走在社會最前線」 --- p.13<br>劉千石的生平 --- p.14<br>劉千石的工業宣教理念 --- p.16<br>附記(excursus)陸漢思(1936-，1968-1992在任)的「福音與勞工」 --- p.18<br>陸漢思的生平 --- p.19<br>陸漢思的工業宣教理念 --- p.20<br>Chapter 第三章 --- 香港基督教工業委員會的歷史發展(1959-2004) --- p.23<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 第一階段´ؤ´ؤ始創時期（1959-1969) --- p.23<br>學習及祈禱小組 --- p.24<br>以出版作爲與教會溝通的平台 --- p.25<br>勞工主日 --- p.25<br>聘請專職人員和草擬工作細則 --- p.25<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 第二階段´ؤ´ؤ重整時期（1969-1980) --- p.27<br>回應勞工問題及硏究 --- p.27<br>爭取訂立勞工法例 --- p.28<br>與教會聯繫 --- p.28<br>多樣化的勞工教育 --- p.28<br>出版事工 --- p.29<br>Chapter 第三節 --- 第三階段´ؤ´ؤ增長時期（1980-1990) --- p.29<br>建立教會情況 --- p.30<br>關注勞工問題 --- p.30<br>倡議行動 --- p.30<br>工潮及勞資糾紛 --- p.30<br>籌辦工會 --- p.31<br>工會教育 --- p.31<br>參與香港民主化進程 --- p.31<br>繼續勞工硏究與出版 --- p.32<br>Chapter 第四節 --- 第四階段´ؤ´ؤ轉折時期（1990-2004) --- p.33<br>中國事工組工作槪況 --- p.34<br>香港與國際事務 --- p.34<br>推動香港消費者運動 --- p.35<br>調硏出版 --- p.35<br>Chapter 第四章 --- 香港基督教工業委員會在香港教會的身分與角色 --- p.37<br>Chapter 第一節 --- 「搞事份子」身份的建立 --- p.37<br>Chapter 甲： --- 教會不願意接受工委會工作的原因 --- p.37<br>Chapter 一 --- 對工會的恐懼 --- p.37<br>Chapter 二 --- 手法強硬 --- p.37<br>Chapter 三 --- 缺乏程序 --- p.38<br>Chapter 乙: --- 教會拒絶工委會的事情 --- p.38<br>Chapter 一 --- 中華基督教會的退出 --- p.38<br>Chapter 二 --- 協進會要求獨立 --- p.39<br>Chapter 丙： --- 工委會對教會的態度 --- p.40<br>Chapter 一 --- 經濟支持 --- p.40<br>Chapter 二 --- 互相觀望 --- p.40<br>Chapter 丁： --- 工友對工委會與教會的意見 --- p.41<br>Chapter 一 --- 工委會受限於教會 --- p.41<br>Chapter 二 --- 中立的工會運動 --- p.41<br>Chapter 三 --- 傳福音的方法 --- p.42<br>Chapter 第二節 --- 「教會良心」身份的建立 --- p.43<br>Chapter 甲： --- 教會支持工委會的事情 --- p.43<br>Chapter 一 --- 馮煒文的神學反省 --- p.43<br>Chapter 二 --- 國際教會的支持 --- p.43<br>Chapter 乙： --- 工委會的基督教特質 --- p.44<br>Chapter 一 --- 工作動力從福音而來 --- p.44<br>Chapter 二 --- 一個屬乎上帝的組織 --- p.44<br>Chapter 三 --- 實踐信仰 --- p.45<br>Chapter 丙： --- 工委會的教會性質 --- p.46<br>Chapter 一 --- 出於上帝的恩寵和肩負獨有的職務 --- p.46<br>Chapter 二 --- 先知和僕人的樣式 --- p.47<br>附記(excursus)勞工教會的發展歷程 --- p.47<br>Chapter 第五章 --- 總結 --- p.50<br>附件一始創時期「工業委員會」的工作 --- p.52<br>徵引書目 --- p.53