Journal articles on the topic 'Gong yuan'

In addition to their use as sources for Middle Chinese phonological data, the Qie yun [Chieh yunn] and its Song [Sonq] recension, the Guang yun [Goang yunn], open an irnportant window on the lexical nature of the Middle Chinese language. Examination of the individual entries in the dong 冬 rirne, chosen more or less arbitrarily for the present experiment, shows that the salient question is how we map the data of the rime in question (or of any rirne) to the lexicon of the actual language or languages represented. Or, phrased slightly differently, how many "real words" are represented in the sixty-six single-character entries of the dong 冬 rime?

Falun Gong was originally a qigong group that entered into conflict with the Chinese state around the turn of the century. It gradually transformed into both a religious group and a political movement. Exiled to the United States, the founder-leader, Li Hongzhi, acquired property near Cuddebackville, New York, which he subsequently designated Dragon Springs. Dragon Springs, in turn, became the headquarters of Shen Yun Performing Arts, an ambitious touring dance and music company that claims to embody the traditional culture of China prior to its subversion by the Chinese Communist Party. Though Li’s earlier eschatology emphasized that individuals needed to become Falun Gong practitioners in order to survive the imminent apocalypse, the significant success of Shen Yun seems to have prompted Li Hongzhi to rewrite his eschatology, which now emphasizes that all one need do in order to be “saved” is to view live Shen Yun performances.

The Japanese Twenty-one Demands toward the Chinese government headed by Yuan Shih-k'ai in 1915 marked a milestone in Sino-Japanese relations as well as in the Chinese response to imperialism. Yet studies on the event, particularly on its consequence and influence in China, are still insufficient. Studies by Chinese scholars have not gone far beyond Wang Yun-sheng's publication of collected materials more than fifty years ago. The only book-length study on the event is the first volume of Li Yu-shu's study, published in Taiwan. This last does not even cover the whole period of Sino-Japanese negotiations. His second volume has not yet appeared. Li's contribution is that he has made use of more Japanese documents than Wang. In mainland China, the most current study on the event is a chapter on the Demands in the first volume of the work by Li Hsin and Li Tsung-i. This chapter is based primarily on the works of Wang and Li Yu-shu. Compared with Japanese studies on other landmarks of Sino-Japanese relations, the coverage of this episode is rather thin. There is only one book-length study, published in 1958. As for works in English, Madeleine Chi's book has a chapter dealing with the Sino-Japanese negotiations. Two general works examine the event from a broader perspective.

In 2000, Mark Palmer, one of the National Endowment for Democracy’s (NED’s) founders and Vice Chairman of Freedom House—an organization funded entirely by the U.S. Congress—founded a new government-supported group, Friends of Falun Gong (FoFG). By perusing FoFG’s annual tax filings, one discovers that FoFG has contributed funds to Sounds of Hope Radio, New Tang Dynasty TV, and the Epoch Times—all Falun Gong media outlets. FoFG has also contributed to Dragon Springs (a Falun Gong ‘compound’ that hosts a Falun Gong school and a residency complex) and to Shen Yun (a Falun Gong performance company), as well as to Falun Gong’s PR arm. In order to contextualize the U.S. government’s funding of Falun Gong, it will also be helpful to examine a handful of additional U.S. agency activities, such as the NED’s funding of Liu Xiaobo, the Hong Kong protests, and other China-related and Tibet-related groups.

I have written this essay to address what I regard as a pressing need among China historians for a stronger model of climate change and its impact on state and society during the imperial period. We have all become acutely conscious of climate change as an element of our own world, yet few of us have considered the impact of climate, particularly climate change, on our subjects of study. China is not without its climate historians, and yet the collective research is still in an early phase. Aware of this problem for some time, I published preliminary findings in the form of a chronological profile of climate anomalies through the Yuan and Ming dynasties in 2010. Burying my findings in a textbook has meant that the periodization offered there has captured the interest of some students but gone largely ignored by scholars in the field. Since then I have done further research and have revised some of those findings, and would now like to offer a fuller presentation of methods and findings.

By the late ming (1573–1644), the values of frugality and spending had often gone to battle. Those who promoted frugality sometimes did so with specific goals in mind—the acquisition of a plot of land, or the stockpiling of resources to ride out a failed harvest—and other times with a social conscience that militated against indulging the self while others suffered from want. Others claimed that spending was acceptable if it did not deplete one's resources or would benefit people in the long run. Yuan Ts'ai, for example, instructed his family: “A degree of luxury in accord with your financial resources is not what I am calling wasteful” (cited in Ebrey 1984:265).

Despite the fact that the study of Alanian history in Mongolia and China has been going on for a century and a half, it has not been systematic until recently. Moreover, researchers traditionally focus on the Yuan period of the Alans’ presence in this territory. The longer period after the fall of the Yuan Empire in 1368 and up to the twentieth century remains poorly understood. So far, no direct traces of the Alans’ presence in Mongolia, who assimilated after the 17th century, have been found. This article is devoted to a small story related to the first identified traces of the cultural presence of the medieval Alans on the territory of Mongolia, which was the Northern part of the Yuan Empire. We are talking about the toponym Nart, identified on the ground thanks to the consultations of Mongolian researchers, in the area of recorded historical settlement of the Alans-Asas or Asuts, as they were called by the Mongols. The Nart area is located on the territory of the Gov-Sumbar aimag, in a semi-desert area dotted with natural rock outcrops that resemble cyclopean buildings made of huge and carefully fitted stone slabs, as if they were built by heroes. The name Nart does not have any semantic meaning in the Mongolian language, but it is lexically well connected with the heroes of the Scythian-Alanian epic, the bearers of which lived in this area in the late middle ages. This conclusion confirms the Iranian theory of the origin of the term nart, which raises it to the Iranian basis nara -, ‘male, man’, meaning’ warrior, hero, strongman, hero’ and contradicts the long-disputed Mongolian theory of the origin of the word nart from the Mongolian nara, ‘sun’, nar-tæ – ‘children of the sun’. The considered plot shows the prospects for further research that will reveal other traces of the Alans ‘ stay in Mongolia and China.

Despite the fact that the study of Alanian history in Mongolia and China has been going on for a century and a half, it has not been systematic until recently. Moreover, researchers traditionally focus on the Yuan period of the Alans’ presence in this territory. The longer period after the fall of the Yuan Empire in 1368 and up to the twentieth century remains poorly understood. So far, no direct traces of the Alans’ presence in Mongolia, who assimilated after the 17th century, have been found. This article is devoted to a small story related to the first identified traces of the cultural presence of the medieval Alans on the territory of Mongolia, which was the Northern part of the Yuan Empire. We are talking about the toponym Nart, identified on the ground thanks to the consultations of Mongolian researchers, in the area of recorded historical settlement of the Alans-Asas or Asuts, as they were called by the Mongols. The Nart area is located on the territory of the Gov-Sumbar aimag, in a semi-desert area dotted with natural rock outcrops that resemble cyclopean buildings made of huge and carefully fitted stone slabs, as if they were built by heroes. The name Nart does not have any semantic meaning in the Mongolian language, but it is lexically well connected with the heroes of the Scythian-Alanian epic, the bearers of which lived in this area in the late middle ages. This conclusion confirms the Iranian theory of the origin of the term nart, which raises it to the Iranian basis nara -, ‘male, man’, meaning’ warrior, hero, strongman, hero’ and contradicts the long-disputed Mongolian theory of the origin of the word nart from the Mongolian nara, ‘sun’, nar-tæ – ‘children of the sun’. The considered plot shows the prospects for further research that will reveal other traces of the Alans ‘ stay in Mongolia and China.

Many cultures include in their narrative discourse tales of women who have gone to war or joined the hunt and indeed Chinese culture has produced a plethora of tales which relate the deeds of such strong and exceptional women. The general opinion from Western academics about these women is that they are rebelling against restraints imposed upon their sex by patriarchal society and ‘under the guise of patriotism or wifely devotion [find] an understandable motive for rejecting hearth and home.’ That patriarchal discourse should perpetuate through history and literature a subversive mode of thinsimply because it was duped by the invocations of patriotism an loyalty appears less than convincing. Certainly, if these are the woman warrior's motives then they have been exceptionally well disguised by the literary redactions of the deeds of the women warriors in Chinese culture. It is the intention of this article to explicate the complexity of the woman warrior in Chinese culture and reveal the multiplicity of discursive functions she fulfils by using the specific case of two mid Qing texts, Honglou meng and Jinghua yuan. The contradictions embodied in the recurring form of the woman warrior and her Amazonian sisters hold a key to understanding the complex and ambiguous signifying systems of sexual ideology in mid Qing Chinese culture. In this respect I will be invoking an Althusserian notion of the specific relationship between ideology and literature whereby the particular feelings or perceptions generated by the literature are regarded as being produced by the ideology within 'which it bathes, from which it detaches itself as art, and to which it alludes' through an internal distanciation from that very same ideology.2 In Honglou meng and Jinghuayuan this internal distanciation is made apparent by the elaborate use of myth in the former and irony in the latter.

The general outcomes of this article come from a hypothesis that expanding the BRICS currencies in the contemporary World System of Currencies (WSC) is going to be a major driver of reinforcing financial stability and transforming the WSC by means of the internationalisation process as a result of direct international settlements as well as through purchasing them using currency vehicles at the national foreign exchange markets. As a result there emerges a need to analyse the BRICS currencies’ circulation abroad, identifying the stages and directions of their internationalisation, considering the role they may play in the future development of the economies and near-by regions, their cooperation in mutual trade, investment flows, technology exchange, research and development, energy, financial stability and economic security. The article is especially time-relevant since the yuan is becoming a world reserve currency that may change the structure and the mechanism of the WSC.

A COVID-19 vaccine is the key to beating the virus, and effective vaccines are going to be available in the near future. It is urgent to estimate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines and their value to individuals, in order to develop an effective public vaccination strategy. Based on a survey of 1,188 randomly selected respondents in China, we analyzed Chinese consumers’ willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine and their willingness to pay for it. We find that 79.41% of the respondents are willing to get vaccinated in China, and the average amount that they’re willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine shot is 130.45 yuan. However, though the elderly are at higher risk of infection and the disease could be fatal for them, they are less willing to get the vaccine and not willing to pay as much for the shot. Subsidies and health communication concerning COVID-19 vaccines should be provided in order to expand vaccination coverage.

The purpose of the study was to explore the developments in ‘e-services and e-service quality’ from 2000 to 2020. Data Source: Scopus database was used to conduct the bibliometric analysis of 404 documents. Method: VOSviewer soft-ware was used to analyse the research articles associated with ‘e-services and e-service quality’ research. Search was limited to keywords of ‘e-services OR e-service and e-service quality’. Findings: Results revealed that the field of ‘Busi-ness, Management and Accounting’ had the highest number of publications. To-tal Quality Management and Business Excellence was found at the top among the most productive journals in chosen search. Chang W.-I. and Yuan S.-T. from Taiwan were found to be the leading authors among top ten authors. United States and National Cheng Kung University of Taiwan were found to be the lead-ing country and institution in the selected search of e-service and e-service quali-ty. Originality/ Value: This study, to best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind in mapping the ‘e-services and e-service quality’ literature in Scopus. This will aid in shaping the central theme and set the future research directions for the researchers.

China has invested heavily in development of the Confucius Institute (Classroom) for the going-global of Chinese language and culture. And its effectiveness evaluation is an essential reference to the reinvestment on the Confucius Institute (Classroom) development as well as to its budget reallocation. Considering that there were basically no such researches in this field ever before, linear regression models (LRMs) were employed in this paper to research the effectiveness of Confucius Institute and establish fitting function models between inputs and outputs, which could provide a tool to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness in the future. And in this way, the conclusions could be more objective and bases of resource redistribution more scientific. Based on current data, it is found that the growth of the number of government-sponsored Chinese teachers and volunteers lags behind that of the "rigid Chinese language learners" for more than 2 years; If China invests 1,000 Yuan in the project of "the Salary and Training Fee of Chinese Deans and Teachers (including Volunteers) " , the number of the "rigid Chinese language learners" will rise by 10 to 13; if there is an additional overseas test center in the Confucius Institute (Classroom), the "rigid Chinese language learners" of this semester will rise by more than 5,927; and if there is an additional registered student in the Confucius Institute (Classroom), it will rise by more than 6.

This article traces the history of the first Chinese life insurance company: the China United Assurance Society. China United was founded in Shanghai in 1912 as a purely Chinese-owned enterprise and became the first Chinese life insurer to survive past its eighth year. By 1935, it boasted insurance in force of over 20 million yuan. In adapting life insurance to Republican China, China United had to contend with a number of extraordinary challenges. It had to train a corps of Chinese technical experts in a country without a single accredited actuary. It had to cultivate demand for a product that was poorly understood and often distrusted. At the same time, the Society was forced to find a way to manage a nationwide sales network that could market insurance products to a country that hitherto had little knowledge of life insurance. In doing so, it was threatened by interethnic strife sparked by racist practices of the foreign manager. Finally, China United had to overcome increasingly fierce competition, high lapse rates, and excess mortality that combined to drive underwriting profits negative. The Society was able to survive as a going concern only through its investing prowess in Chinese capital markets. Using previously unmined sources from the Shanghai Municipal Archives, this article charts China United’s turbulent process of indigenization, and explores its lasting legacies in the contemporary Chinese life insurance industry.

At a distance of 3.3 Mpc, M81 group is one of the nearest groups of galaxies and thus an ideal place to study various galactic phenomena. Observations at all wavelengths can be made with high sensitivity and excellent spatial resolution (1″ = 15 pc). The three core members M81, M82, and NGC 3077 are known to be closely interacting from the 21cm HI emission studies (van der Hulst 1979, Yun et al. 1993, 1994), and all three galaxies show evidence for an AGN or starburst activity, possibly induced by the on-going tidal interactions. A more distant member NGC 2976 also shows evidence for tidal interaction within the group (Appleton et al., 1981). Therefore M81 group is an excellent test ground for studying tidal interaction and tidally induced activities.

The first section of this article begins by investigating the term “going down to the Western Oceans” (xia xiyang 下西洋), which was used as early as the time of Zheng He. It also discusses the origin of the concepts of the Eastern and Western Oceans. The second section discusses the influx of overseas geographical knowledge into China before the time of Zheng He, especially over two important periods: first, the coming of Indian geographical knowledge along with Buddhism to China from the Wei-Jin period (220–420 ce), and second, the advent of Islamic geographical knowledge during the Mongol-Yuan period (ca. 1206–1368). The third section discusses the contributions of foreign members in Zheng He’s fleet, especially fanhuozhang 番火長 (foreign pilot). Through an analysis of the records of three military encounters—the suppression of the pirate Chen Zuyi 陳祖義, the attack on Ceylon, and the battle with pirates on a return journey—we find that the term fanhuozhang appears in all three cases, showing that foreign experts were commonly present in all branches or segments of Zheng He’s fleet, and that it must have been their job to navigate in the Indian ocean portion of the journey. Based on these findings, the author suggests that even before the beginning of Ming, Chinese people had developed an understanding of navigation technology and absorbed expertise from other peoples, and that this knowledge formed the technological foundation of Zheng He’s long-distance voyages, evident of the fact that China’s ancient navigational technology was an open knowledge system.

This study aims to portray children’s lived spaces in rural Taiwan during the 1960s. Taiwan started to develop into a prosperous and industrialized country with a stronger and dynamic economy during the 1960s while it maintained an authoritarian, single-party government. Today, Taiwan has transformed into a country that is not only economically developed, but also socially Westernized. The lived spaces of children in suburban Taiwan have gone through a drastic change during the last 50 years. This study attempts to provide descriptions of children’s lived space during the 1960s as a different way that space could be lived in comparison to the present westernized space and gives insights into an Other kind of the lived space of society today. I interviewed two native Taiwanese adults who were about 10 years old during the 1960s. I asked them to draw a picture of their childhood home and to describe their everyday experience in that space. Both participants described a childhood home similar to a traditional san-ho-yuan architecture that has an open space in the center of a three-wing building. The architecture of children’s lived spaces in rural Taiwan during the 60s invites intimate familial encounters, engagements with nature and domestic animals, and communal activities for children. With the narratives of the participants, attention was drawn to how children are living in the present day Taiwanese architecture where they are provided with a separate and distinct lived space that does not allow for close and intimate encounters with adults, other children, and nature. The concluding remark underlies the challenges of forming a sense of identity in the given lived space that children face today.

В данной работе продемонстрирована возможность применения ИК-микроспектроскопии для многомерной визуализации и анализа интеграции с нативными твердыми тканями зуба человека нового поколения биомиметических материалов, воспроизводящих минералорганический комплекс эмали и дентина.На основе ИК-картирования интенсивности конкретной функциональной молекулярной группы с использованием синхротронного излучения найдены и визуализированы характеристические особенности биомиметического переходного слоя в межфазной области эмаль/стоматологический материал и определено расположение функциональных групп, отвечающих процессам интеграции биомиметического композита
 
 
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Abstract Water is scarce in China. The country ekes by with only one-quarter of the global average for water per person. The scarcity is exacerbated by rampant pollution—with devastating consequences on ecosystems, food supply and public health. In the face of growing population, water pollution threatens the very survival of the Chinese nation. In his speech at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China last October, President Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasized the importance to redress the balance between economic development and environmental protection. One of his most frequently cited phrases is ‘clean waters and lush mountains are gold and silver’. And he has matched his rhetoric with action. In April 2015, the State Council, China's cabinet, issued the Water Pollution and Control Action Plan (known as Shuishitiao or Water Ten Plan)—widely hailed as the toughest and most comprehensive water policy to date. Last October, it announced a five-year plan to tackle water pollution, with a budget of 700 billion yuan (US$106 billion). The country's top legislature has also revised the Water Prevention and Control Law, which will go into effect in early 2018. In a forum chaired by National Science Review’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo, a panel of experts of diverse backgrounds and perspectives discussed the current status of China's water resources, their views on the comprehensive policy package, how national initiatives have been going, what the challenges are and why information transparency and public participation are absolutely essential in environmental protection. Weijiang Liu Hydrologist at the Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China Ji Shen Environment scientist at Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China Chunmiao Zheng Hydrologist at Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China Jun Ma Founder and director of the non-governmental organization Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, Beijing, China Tao Tao Environment scientist at the College of Environmental Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment at Tongji University, Shanghai, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

The article presents the results of a pilot experiment carried out within the framework of psycholinguistics and aimed identify the structure and content of the value system and the image of the future of generation Z. The relevance of such studies is substantiated; a complex of methods is described that allows: 1) reveal the specifics of the value system and the image of the future as its subsystem; 2) highlight the most significant signs of the studied phenomena in the group consciousness; 3) draw conclusions on the motives determining the hierarchy of values. The results of the analysis allow us conclude that at present there is a change in the connections between the elements of the structure of values, the core of which is the desire for life only by the interests of the inner circle of people and material prosperity. It is assumed that the experimentally recorded trend could be explained either by the ongoing gradual replacement of the values of traditional culture with the values of an individualistic society, or by the contradiction between social archetypes (according to K. Kasyanova), which determine the national type of linguistic personality (according to Yu.N. Karaulov) and the external form of the state as that society section, which quite rigidly tries to fix the main parameters of society of a certain state. It is argued that the lack of a clear understanding of the causes of what is going on, as well as the importance of the problem for society, determines the need for further research in this direction.

Abstract This article is not concerned with the history of aesthetics but, rather, is an exercise in intellectual history. “Illustrations of Tributary States” [Zhigong tu 職貢圖] as a type of art reveals a Chinese tradition of artistic representations of foreign emissaries paying tribute at the imperial court. This tradition is usually seen as going back to the “Illustrations of Tributary States,” painted by Emperor Yuan in the Liang dynasty 梁元帝 [r. 552-554] in the first half of the sixth century. This series of paintings not only had a lasting influence on aesthetic history but also gave rise to a highly distinctive intellectual tradition in the development of Chinese thought: images of foreign emissaries were used to convey the Celestial Empire’s sense of pride and self-confidence, with representations of strange customs from foreign countries serving as a foil for the image of China as a radiant universal empire at the center of the world. The tradition of “Illustrations of Tributary States” was still very much alive during the time of the Song dynasty [960-1279], when China had to compete with equally powerful neighboring states, the empire’s territory had been significantly diminished, and the Chinese population had become ethnically more homogeneous. In this article, the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” [Wanfang zhigong tu 萬方職貢圖] attributed to Li Gonglin 李公麟 [ca. 1049-1106] and created during the period between the Xining 熙寧 [1068-1077] and Yuanfeng 元豐 [1078-1085] reigns of the Shenzong emperor 神宗 [r. 1067-1085] of the Song dynasty, is used as a case study for investigating the actual tributary relations between the Northern Song [960-1127] state and its neighboring countries. In doing so, I demonstrate that while certain parts of the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” are historically accurate, a considerable portion of the content is the combined product of historical remembrance and the imagination of empire. In the international environment of the Song empire, China was captivated by the dream of being a universal empire envied by its “barbarian” neighbors. Particularly worth emphasizing is the fact that the artistic tradition of painting “Illustrations of Tributary States” as well as the accompanying idea of China as a universal empire continued well into the Qing [1644-1911] period, reflecting the historical longevity and lasting influence of the traditional conception of the relationship between China and the world.

Recently, many authors resort to immunomolecular diagnostics of glaucoma. We found conflicting information about the concentration of antibodies to the myelin basic protein (AB to MBP) in primary open-angle glaucoma in the literature. Aim: to determine the concentration of antibodies to the myelin basic protein in the serum of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to assess the diagnostic significance of the test. Materials and methods. We included 48 people aged from 42 to 79 years: fourteen people had the diagnosis of the first stage of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 10 people had the second (advanced) stage of POAG, 8 people had the III (far-gone) stage of POAG, and 16 subjects made the control group. Exclusion criteria: mature or almost mature cataract, age-related macular degeneration, severe concomitant ophthalmologic, neurological pathology, oncological and autoimmune diseases, glucocorticoid or immunosuppressive therapy, exacerbation of any acute and subacute respiratory infection, chronic inflammatory processes and craniocerebral trauma. The serum level of AB to MBP was determined by enzyme immunoassay method (ELISA). Results. The concentration of AB to MBP was significantly higher in patients with first and second stages of POAG (177.5 ± 63.93 μg/ml and 262.63 ± 34.78 μg/ml, respectively) than in the control group (38.69 ± 11.77 micron/ml, p < 0.05). To establish the diagnosis of POAG in at risk patients it is appropriate to use the level of IgG to MBP > 60 μg/ml; the sensitivity of the method is 78% and its specificity is 87%. (For citation: Cherednichenko NL, Karpov SM, Baturin VA, Barbos YuA. Antibodies to myelin basic protein as a diagnostic marker of primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology Journal. 2018;11(1):19-24. doi: 10.17816/OV11119-24).

The crisis of the world economic system, erupted in the end of 2019 against the background of COVID-19 expansion resulted in considerable drop of the world steel products production practically in all the countries of the world. Decrease of steel production began in the IIH of 2019, mainly in July-August of 2019 and further in March-April of 2020. In the IQ of 2020, the world steel production declined by 1.4% down to 443 million tons comparing with the analogue period of 2019. At that China demonstrated growth by 1.2%, while in the EC counties the decrease accounted for 10%, in North America counties – by 4%, in South America countries – 7.1%, other countries of Asia, Africa and CIS also demonstrated the decrease. The dynamics of prices variation on some steel products, iron ore presented, which give the idea of the market state and tendencies of its variation in 2019–2020. In China in April of 2020 after cancellation of quarantine measures, a restoration of the industry began, the economy of China transferred from decline to growth and an active growth of domestic consumption of steel products got a significant effect not only on the volume of its production, but also made corrections in China’s behavior at the world market. As a result of year 2020, steel production in China exceeded one billion tons – 1054.4 million tons, which is 5.2% more comparing with 2019. Production of finished products increased also, import of iron ore into China in 2020 accounted for 1172 billion tons, which is 9.5% more comparing with 2019. As a result of 2020, the steel companies of China exported 53.7 million tons of steel, which is 16.5% lower than the 2019 index. Further the Chinese export will be contributed by an increase of demand at the world market and cancellation of restriction measures, imposed by some countries. While at all the regions of the world the crisis resulted in termination of some projects or their delays, in China against the background of the pandemic, several companies did nor cancel their investment plans as well as construction and commissioning of new plants was going on. Under conditions of the crisis the support of the state was very important, since the demand declined in all the industries, therefore many countries took urgent measures for stabilization of economies and support of population. Within the period of the pandemic, the China government bodies elaborated some measures to overcome its negative effect on the economy. In particular, the measures include allocation of money to stimulate the domestic consumption of steel products. In total in 2020 it was planned to invest about 800 billion of yuan (about USD 115 billion) in capital assets. According to forecasts, in 2021 comparing with 2020, the production and apparent consumption of steel in China will increase approximately by 2%, actual demand will increase by higher rate. The steel products with high added value will be in higher demand, including flat rolled products, rolled products of special steels, seamless pipes etc.

INDEKS PENGARANG EKUITAS VOLUME 18 TAHUN 2014 Nama PenulisJudul ArtikelEdisiNurul Huda, Nova Rini,Yosi Mardoni, Desti Anggraini , Khamim HudoriManajemen Pengelolaan Wakaf Di Indonesia Timur Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 1 - 17Kresno Agus Hendarto,Basu Swastha, Dharmmesta,B. M. Purwanto,Moira M. M. MoelionoAttitude And Purchase Intention Towards Tempe Producers Joining The ProtestsA Study In Central Java Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 18 - 36Yusuf Sulfarano BarusmanLindrianasariDeterminant Of Corporate Social Responsibility: Case From IndonesiaEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 37 - 52Rachman Hakim Meninjau Kembali Seberapa Penting Target Inflasi Bank Indonesia Dalam Mengontrol Laju InflasiEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 53 - 71Mohamad Nur Hadi,Hermanto Siregar,Hendro Sasongko Analisis Efisiensi Penggunaan Dana Masyarakat Untuk Kegiatan Dharma Pendidikan Di Institut Pertanian BogorEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 72 - 93AtikaAndriani KusumawatiMohammad Iqbal The Effect Of Electronic Word Of Mouth, Message Source Credibility, Information Quality On Brand Image And Purchase IntentionEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 94 - 108Bagus Putu Yudhia Kurniawan Konseptualisasi Penciptaan Kinerja Pemasaran Obat: Sebuah Pengembangan Model Teoritik Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 1 Maret 2016.Halaman: 109 - 127Badingatus Solikhah Pertimbangan Auditor Dalam Memberikan Opini Audit Going ConcernEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 129 – 150Santi Novita,Okta Sindhu Hartadinata Pendidikan Perpajakan: Persepsi Akademisi, Praktisi, Dan Mahasiswa Untuk Jenjang Diploma Dan SarjanaEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 151 – 171Umi MardiyatiPengaruh Frekuensi Rapat Dewan Direktur Dan Jumlah Direktur Perempuan Terhadap Kinerja PerbankanEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 172 – 187Krido Eko Cahyono,Khuzaini, Hermono WidiartoShopping Life Style Memediasi Hubungan Hedonic Dan Utilitarian Value Terhadap Impulse BuyingEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 188 – 208Ronny, Tatik Suryani,IramaniKualitas Layanan Dan Tata Kelola Internet Banking Dari Persepsi NasabahEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 209– 225Wiwiek DianawatiPengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan Dan Sertifikasi Lingkungan Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 226 – 241Luluk Uswati,Sekar MayangsariPengaruh Manajemen Laba Terhadap Future Stock Return Dengan Asimetri Informasi Sebagai Variabel ModeratingEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 2 Juni 2016.Halaman: 242 – 259Triyonowati,Siti Rokhmi Fuadati,Dini WidyawatiModel Kemampuan Manajerial Mudharib Sebagai Dasar Investasi Pada Reksadana Syari’ahEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 261 – 279Erlina DiamastutiKe (Tidak) Patuhan Wajib Pajak:Potret Self Assessment SystemEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 280 – 304Firda NositaStruktur Modal Optimal Dan Kecepatan Penyesuaian:Studi Empiris Di Bursa Efek IndonesiaEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 305 – 324Jamilah,Bonar M. Sinaga,Mangara Tambunan,Dedi Budiman Hakim,Dampak Perlambatan Ekonomi China Dan Devaluasi Yuan Terhadap Kinerja Perdagangan Pertanian IndonesiaEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 325 – 345Santi Dwie Lestari,Hadi Paramu,Hari Sukarno,Pengaruh Intellectual Capital Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Syari’ah Di IndonesiaEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 346 – 366Sri HadiatiPeran Struktur Pasar Dan Daya Saing Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Umkm Kerajinan KeramikEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 367 – 387MakhdalenaPengaruh Ownership Structure Dan Corporate Performance Terhadap Firm ValueEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 3 September 2016.Halaman: 388 – 412Titik Setyaningsih,Antin OkfitasariMengapa Wajib Pajak Mengikuti Tax Amnesty (Studi Kasus Di Solo)Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 415 – 433Marfuah,Hermin EndaryatiPengaruh Good Corporate Governance Dan Debt Maturity Terhadap Prediksi Bond RatingEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 434 – 454SumaniPengukuran Kinerja Bisnis Melalui Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard Dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (Ahp)Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 455 – 472Ongky HartantoPengaruh Locus Of Control, Tekanan Anggaran Waktu Komitmen Profesional, Terhadap Perilaku Disfungsional AuditorEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 473 – 490Putu Anom MahadwarthaPranata Yandi GunawanPembentukan Dan Pengujian Portfolio Saham-Saham Optimal:Pendekatan Single Index ModelEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 491 – 510Wulandari Fitri Ekasari,SupriyadiPeran Moderasi Framing Dan Gaya Kognitif Terhadap Bias Efek Urutan Bukti Dalam Keputusan PenganggaranEkuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 511 – 527 Ekuitas: Vol. 20 No. 4Desember 2016.Halaman: 528 – 460

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In the future, there is no one currency that is likely to replace the dollar as the main reserve currency. Although the euro and yen meet some of the requirements of a reserve currency, neither is sufficiently strong to take over. Instead, the world might evolve towards a multiple reserve-currency system, shared among the dollar, euro, and yen, (or perhaps the yuan?) at some point in the future. It remains to be seen where the dollar is going and whether Paul Volckers concerns will be realized in the years ahead.

Graphene-based composites have received a great deal of attention in recent year because the presence of graphene can enhance the conductivity, strength of bulk materials and help create composites with superior qualities. Moreover, the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 can improve the catalytic efficiency of composite material. In this work, we have synthesized a composite material with the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and Fe3O4 modified tissue-paper (mGO-PP) via a simple hydrothermal method, which improved the removal efficiency of the of methylene blue (MB) in water. MB blue is used as the model of contaminant to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of synthesized material by using a Fenton-like reaction. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM, XRD. The removal of materials with methylene blue is investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy, and the result shows that mGO-PP composite is the potential composite for the color removed which has the removal efficiency reaching 65% in acetate buffer pH = 3 with the optimal time is 7 h.
 Keywords
 Graphene-based composite, methylene blue, Fenton-like reaction.
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AbstractThis paper will look at Kant’s views of the aesthetic experience, in relationship to Buddhist philosophical and political discussions of art and social organization. The primary focus in Kantian literature explores the relationship between free and dependent beauty, as well as Kant’s paradox of taste. The central argument of the Kantian portion is going to navigate the paradox of taste via Graham Priest’s epistemic and conceptual distinction pertaining to the limits of thought. Secondly, I shall contextualize the debate with similar argumentation found in medieval Tibetan literature, by thinkers such as Tsongkhapa and Drakpa Gyaltsen. Lastly, I shall look at the political and artistic state of affairs in Yuan and Ming Dynasties and assert the applicability of both Kantian and Tibetan discussions of effibility in the context of Tibetan poetry and Thangkas.


 
 
 Object segmentation is an important task which is widely employed in many computer vision applications such as object detection, tracking, recognition, and retrieval. It can be seen as a two-phase process: object detection and segmentation. Object segmentation becomes more challenging in case there is no prior knowledge about the object in the scene. In such conditions, visual attention analysis via saliency mapping may offer a mean to predict the object location by using visual contrast, local or global, to identify regions that draw strong attention in the image. However, in such situations as clutter background, highly varied object surface, or shadow, regular and salient object segmentation approaches based on a single image feature such as color or brightness have shown to be insufficient for the task. This work proposes a new salient object segmentation method which uses a depth map obtained from the input image for enhancing the accuracy of saliency mapping. A deep learning-based method is employed for depth map estimation. Our experiments showed that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art object segmentation algorithms in terms of recall and precision.
 KeywordsSaliency map, Depth map, deep learning, object segmentation
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