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Journal articles on the topic 'Goods inspections'
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1
Vishnevskaya, Irina Aleksandrovna. "Expert examination of collateral and leasing items." Lizing (Leasing), no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-03-2107-01.
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Survey inspections as a tribute to the time from insurance market gradually moved towards banking sector, leasing and factoring. Verification of various types of property by independent surveyors, who, among other things, have the opportunity to make a market assessment of the property, is relevant for banks, leasing and factoring companies. The advantages of performing survey by outsourcing teams are obvious: cost reduction, regional coverage and efficiency. The article describes the features of conducting surveyor inspections of real estate objects, movable property, and goods in circulation. The features of conducting survey inspections of some types of movable property, such as technological equipment and complex technological lines, are presented; besides, the actual technology and the sequence of property inspections are described. The real case (a court case) is used to demonstrate how the conclusion of an independent surveyor allowed the creditor to recover a significant amount of money from an unscrupulous debtor.
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Gupanova, Yu E., and A. S. Lemak. "Innovative approaches to customs inspections of participants in foreign economic activity." Upravlenie 9, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-1-140-150.
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With the adoption of the Strategy for the Development of the Customs Service of the Russian Federation until 2030, one of the priorities for customs authorities has become the introduction of new approaches to the organization and conduct of customs control after the release of goods.The purpose of the research paper is to identify problematic aspects of the implementation of customs inspection technology and to substantiate innovative approaches to their implementation. The research methodology is based on the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison and description, which allowed a comprehensive study of the object.The paper proposes a new approach, which provides for the centralization and concentration of control functions of customs control after the release of goods in authorized departments. This approach will improve not only the efficiency of the customs authorities for the implementation of supervisory functions after the release of goods but also the quality of customs administration in terms of creating a unified network of electronic customs offices, ensure the achievement of balance in the application of customs procedures facilitating and monitoring the implementation of foreign economic activity.The authors define the main directions for improving the technology of customs inspections to ensure the implementation of the new approach. The formed recommendations based on the results of the study can be used in the practical activities of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation.
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Pérot, Bertrand, Cédric Carasco, Cyrille Eléon, Sébastien Bernard, Alix Sardet, Wassila El Kanawati, Clément Deyglun, et al. "Sea container inspection with tagged neutrons." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 7 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2021004.
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Neutron inspection of sea-going cargo containers has been widely studied in the past 20 yr to non-intrusively detect terrorist threats, like explosives or Special Nuclear Materials (SNM), and illicit goods, like narcotics or smuggling materials. Fast 14 MeV neutrons are produced by a portable generator with the t(d, n)α fusion reaction, and tagged in both direction and time thanks to the alpha particle detection. This Associated Particle Technique (APT) allows focusing inspection on specific areas of interest in the containers, previously identified as containing suspicious items with X-ray radiographic scanners or radiation portal monitors. We describe the principle of APT for non-nuclear material identification, and for nuclear material detection, then we provide illustrations of the performances for 10 min inspections with significant quantities (kilograms) of explosives, illicit drugs, or SNM, in different cargo cover loads (e.g. metallic, organic, or ceramic matrices).
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Rudneva, Z. "STATUS, EVALUATION AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTOMS CONTROL AFTER RELEASE OF GOODS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-1-138-144.
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The directions of development of customs control after release of goods have been considered. The performance indicators of structural subdivisions of the customs authority have been analyzed. The problems of customs administration, associated with the organization of control after the release of good, have been revealed. The definition of the concept of «continuous customs control» has been disclosed. The author offers measures for improving the effectiveness of customs inspections, including the development of a methodological base, the application of risk management system, interaction with other public authorities, the use of electronic technologies, which contribute to the implementation of the tasks facing the customs authorities to create effective customs control.
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van Schouwen, Jasmine. "What Makes a Dangerous Goods Disaster? The Regulatory Perspective." Revue générale de droit 48 (June 8, 2018): 177–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1047377ar.
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The following study aims to identify the various regulatory failures which may lead to industrial disasters through the lens of a comparative study of the Fukushima Daiichi and Lac-Mégantic disasters. Through this comparison, the author aims to demonstrate that even in very different circumstances, certain common regulatory behaviours, structures and cultures may lead to similar disastrous outcomes. This study will focus on three types of regulatory failure: (1) weak or vague operating rules; (2) a lack of inspections to assess compliance with regulatory standards as well as a lack of enforcement when non-compliance is identified; and (3) regulatory capture resulting in the adoption of unsafe practices, underestimating risks or willful blindness to safety threats. However, the author emphasizes that other forms of regulatory failure, beyond the scope of this study, were present in both cases, including the regulators’ failure to keep track of essential safety data, the use of flawed risk assessment protocols, over-reliance on industry data, lack of independence from government, and failure to implement adequate emergency response programs.
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Antoshkin, A. "The Role of Local Industry and Producers’ and Disabled People’s Cooperatives in Increasing the Goods Turnover in Bashkiria in 1944 To 1945." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/61/55.
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The article is dedicated to the work of local industries, and producers’ and disabled people’s cooperatives manufacturing consumer goods in Bashkiria in 1944 to 1945. The archive materials first introduced into the scientific scrutiny in this article show important contribution of producers’ and disabled people’s cooperation to the growth of the goods turnover in Bashkiria. During the Great Patriotic War, the centralized funds were reduced significantly. The turnover of the state-owned trading organizations and consumer cooperation dropped. Considerable resources were withdrawn to meet the urgent needs of the Army. These economic hardships necessitated the producers’ and disabled people’s cooperative societies to step in and by using local resources and industrial waste to make up for the shortage of consumer goods in the trading system of Bashkiria. Those goods were needed for satisfying the demand for consumer goods by local and evacuated people. The study showed different infringements of contractual arrangements between cooperatives and trading organizations. It disclosed the causes of the failure of production plans. There were cases of embezzling scarce goods, cases of self-supplying. Often the distribution of goods was performed outside the legal trading network. Inspections regularly found embezzlement and theft of significant amounts of produce. The conclusion is that the aforementioned set of infringements was one of the causes of the failure of the turnover plan in the state trading system in Bashkiria.
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Ramli, Lanny, and Samuel Nikodemus Kaban. "Legal Action on Labour Inspection Memo in Industrial Relations in Indonesia." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (April 30, 2021): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.78.
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The research purpose is to study the professional relationship between workers and employers which is called industrial relations. This is motivated by the fact that workers and employers need to synergize in the process of producing goods and services for the community. In fulfilling the purpose and object of their role and activities and the quid pro quo relationship, the stakeholders pursue different interests. Employers try to earn a maximum profit by spending the least cost possible. In contrast, workers earn the maximum results with the least minimal effort. By using the socio-legal approach, the results showed that the circumstances that exist in these two different interests are prone to conflict and prone to irregularities in legislation. The government as a regulator is obliged to provide legal protection. Legal protection from the government is manifested in the role of labor inspectors, in which they have the right to conduct inspections in a preventive and repressive manner. If there is a violation, the inspectors shall issue the inspection memo. However, the implementation of the ruling of the Constitutional Court Number 7/PUU-XII/2014 results in a new problem which is an unclear execution of the said Constitutional Court ruling about the status of workers.
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Xi, Jinrui, and Feng Wen. "Sustainable Rural Governance: How Rural Elections in China Lead to Long-Term Social Stability?" Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 6196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226196.
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Government inspections are a typical approach that the Chinese government adopts in executing its policy agenda and propagating its ideological ideals. However, top-down administrative imperatives as such tend to be consuming in resources and less effective in actual governance. They are not necessarily the most sustainable means to ensure efficient governance in the long term. Bottom-up self-governance in rural China, on the other hand, provides the essential mechanism for sustainable governance. In this paper we study one of these bottom-up self-governance approaches in China—rural elections. We propose that, via three distinctive mechanisms, rural elections in China serve as a stabilizer for the entire state and fill the loopholes that top-down government inspections potentially allow. Specifically, we argue that individuals with electoral experiences are less likely to engage in protests, or other forms of collective actions, than those without. This effect holds in that, first, elections improve public goods provision in rural China; second, voters’ personal experience in elections changes their perception of the Chinese regime from being authoritarian to being benevolent and caring; third, elections expose the Chinese regime to emerging social dissent in a timely fashion that allows for self-correction. This theoretical prescription receives strong empirical, statistical analysis using the latest Asian Barometer Survey (ABS 2014) dataset.
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Zaitseva, Nina V., and Irina V. May. "Risk-Based surveillance as a strategic tool to improve food safety in the russian consumer market." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 1398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1398-1406.
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Introduction. Protecting consumers’ lives and health in a condition when the number of producers and the variety of food products is continually growing is one of the state’s strategic tasks and the goals of the administrative reform in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The work uses methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization of the existing in international practice methodological approaches and criteria to assess product safety in planning control and supervision activities, assessing the risk of harm to human health, applied the comparative legal method, methods of mathematical modeling and other methods used when searching legal and analytical research. Results. A risk-oriented model of control and supervisory activities for food safety is proposed and tested. The model is built under the general principles of the risk assessment methodology and is based on the analysis of the results of previous checks, studies and trials, data from epidemiological studies and relevant scientific literature. The model assumes three successively implemented stages: the categorization (classification) of the economic entity’s activities according to the potential risk of harm to health. Target - to select facilities for the most frequent and in-depth inspections by the supervisory authorities. The second stage is the classification of food products according to the potential risk to consumer health to justify the types of food products subject to priority supervision during scheduled inspections of economic entities. The third stage is constructing “risk profiles” of certain products to optimize laboratory control of food safety. Discussion. The construction of risk-oriented control based on the principle of step-by-step substantiation and clarification of supervision objects was shown to ensure the targeting of authority and an increase in inspection pressure on precisely those objects that are characterized by the most frequent violations of legal requirements with the most severe and large-scale consequences for health. Increasing the control density at the highest risk categories’ facilities does not require additional resources from the regulator. It is still implemented by removing facilities with moderate or low risk from planned supervision and optimizing laboratory support. Conclusion. Work out and implement a risk-based food safety surveillance model corresponds to the strategic vector of development of state control (supervision) in the Russian Federation. The system assumes that “risky” goods are unsafe for the consumer’s health. Accordingly, their producers, distributors, and sellers should be under robust inspection, including laboratory supervision, and precisely according to those indicators for which these risks are most significant. The system is in a dynamic state and development.
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Glushkova, Y. O. "COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 1798–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-8-1798-1810.
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President V.V. Putin, in his address to citizens on March 25, 2020, announced a number of measures aimed at supporting the economy in the face of accelerating the spread of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation. These measures are focused on four area: 1. provision of essential goods and support to the population (monitoring of consumer prices; monitoring the availability of essential goods on sale; implementation of measures to actively support employment; establishment of a “green corridor” for the import of essential goods); 2. support for sectors of the economy that are at risk (exemption of tour operators from paying fees and establishing compensation for their losses; monitoring the financial situation of developers and contractors; granting a delay in tax payments for a period of 3 months to organizations and industries most affected by the pandemic; 3. support for small and medium-sized businesses (a moratorium on inspections of small and medium-sized businesses; deferral of rent payments in the case of using state or municipal property; provision of forms of preferential lending); 4. system-wide measures (creating a financial reserve of up to 300 billion rubles; creating a guarantee fund for the restructuring of loans to companies affected by the worsening economic situation). Despite all the measures taken, it is currently difficult to assess the real scale and consequences of the COVID-19 economy in Russia. Today (May 10, 2020), there is a deterioration in the sanitary epidemiological situation in the country. Time will tell, how Russia will survive this pandemic, and what damage will be done to the economy.
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Schmidt, Ludger, Jens Hegenberg, and Liubov Cramar. "User studies on teleoperation of robots for plant inspection." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2013-325.
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Purpose – To avoid harm to humans, environment, and capital goods, hazardous or explosive gases that are possibly escaping from industrial and infrastructure facilities of the gas and oil processing industry have to be detected and located quickly and reliably. Project RoboGasInspector aims at the development and evaluation of a human-robot system that applies autonomous robots equipped with remote gas detection devices to detect and locate gas leaks. This article aims to focus on the usability of telemanipulation in this context. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents four user studies concerning human-robot interfaces for teleoperation in industrial inspection tasks. Their purpose is to resolve contradictory scientific findings regarding aspects of teleoperation and to verify functionality, usability, and technology acceptance of the designed solution in the actual context of use. Therefore, aspects concerning teleoperation that were separately examined before are evaluated in an integrated way. Considered aspects are influence of media technology on telepresence, simulator sickness and head slaved camera control, usability of different input devices for telemanipulation, and identification of intuitive gestures for teleoperation of mobile robots. Findings – In general, the implemented interaction concepts perform better compared to conventional ones used in contemporary, actually applied robot systems. Otherwise, reasons are analyzed and approaches for further improvements are discussed. Exemplary results are given for each study. Originality/value – The solution combines several technical approaches that are so far separately examined. Each approach is transferred to the innovative domain of industrial inspections and its applicability in this context is verified. New findings give design recommendations for remote workplaces of robot operators.
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Kalinina, Nadezhda. "Public procurement during coronavirus pandemic. Review of tender purchases of J05 Direct-acting antivirals under FZ-44 and FZ-223." Remedium Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 9 (2020): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2020-9-21-22.
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Today, the epidemiological situation and the socio-economic crisis are bringing their own adjustments to our plans. Due to the introduction of a high alert regime related to the coronavirus pandemic, the authorities have introduced the temporary new rules for public procurement. The spread of COVID-19 was recognized as a circumstance of insuperable force (force majeure), inspections were cancelled, and the complaints were handled in the remote mode. In this regard, one more Government Decree No. 647 of May 08, 2020 entered into force on May 10, which defined new cases and the procedure for purchasing from a single supplier until the end of 2020. The Cabinet of Ministers adjusted the rules for calculating the time limits for purchases on non-working days under the same document. However, due to the coronavirus, single supplier tenders were not allowed for all goods, but only for those used to prevent or eliminate the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection.
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Downe, James, and Steve Martin. "Inspecting for Improvement? Emerging Patterns of Public Service Regulation in the UK." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 3 (June 2007): 410–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c59m.
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In recent years ministers in the UK have regarded external inspection as a key driver of improvement in public services and an important instrument of good governance. Detailed data analysis of the operation of Audit Commission inspection of English local authorities since April 2000 demonstrates significant variations in inspection scores in different types of authorities, in different years and in different services. These findings raise important questions about the consistency with which inspection criteria are being applied and the reliability of the evidence on which inspectors are basing their judgments about a council's capacity for improvement. This in turn casts doubt on the capacity of the current model of improvement to make service providers more accountable to the public, which central government claims to be one of its key policy objectives. The paper uses data from the shadowing of inspections in five local authorities and elite interviews to explore the practice of ‘inspecting for improvement’.
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Ahmed, Waqar, Arsalan Najmi, Hafiz Muhammad Faizan, and Shaharyar Ahmed. "Consumer behaviour towards willingness to pay for Halal products." British Food Journal 121, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2018-0085.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the factors affecting Muslim consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for Halal food, products and operations by employing theory of reasoned action.Design/methodology/approachThis study has used quantitative research methodology and collected data from 350 questionnaires from a densely populated city of Pakistan. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results show that the concerns about Halal, religiosity, perception of usefulness of Halal and product ingredients have a significant impact on WTP for Halal foods, while attitude has an insignificant impact on WTP. Moreover, the extent of demand for Halal certification is significantly affected by WTP.Originality/valueThe study highlighted the concerns of the Muslim consumers with respect to Halalness of the products and operations despite living in a Muslim country. It is recommended that the policy makers, food authorities and health institutions should conduct regular inspections of foods, products and producers’/manufacturers’ operations to ensure that all the procedures from manufacturing of the raw material till the finished goods follow Islamic principles to make them completely Halal.
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Hoskere, Vedhus, Brian Eick, Billie F. Spencer, Matthew D. Smith, and Stuart D. Foltz. "Deep Bayesian neural networks for damage quantification in miter gates of navigation locks." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 5 (November 5, 2019): 1391–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719882086.
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Inland navigation infrastructure like locks and dams form a vital part of the global economy. Locks facilitate the transport of hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of goods on a daily basis. A primary cause for downtime of locks in the United States is damage to lock gates. Current inspection methods involve the complete closure of locks to visually inspect for damage. A common target of such inspections is the identification of “gaps” that form along the bearing surface boundary of miter gates. These gaps accelerate the fatigue failure of the gate by disrupting the designed load distribution mechanism. This article presents a novel engineering application of structural health monitoring for full-scale civil infrastructure with a method to automatically quantify the damage quantity of interest, that is, the gaps using measured strain data. We propose a framework for damage estimation of full-scale civil infrastructure in general and miter gates in particular, leveraging recent advances in deep Bayesian learning. A new two-term loss function is produced to increase the accuracy of the trained networks and the model uncertainties are conveyed using Monte Carlo dropout. In addition, we propose a strategy to model bearing surface gaps using non-linear contact analyses and use the proposed model to determine the sensitivity of measured strains to damage. The proposed framework is implemented for the miter gates at the Greenup locks and dam. Finally, the proposed methodology is validated using measured data. Slopes measured from the lock gate are used as the input to the trained networks to estimate the gap depths. The finite element model is updated using the estimated gap depths. The predicted slopes and strains from the updated model are shown to match the measured strains and slopes well. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the approach for damage detection in full-scale civil infrastructure.
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Hidayat, Dian Friana, and Joko Hardono. "Penerapan Metode HIRADC pada Bagian Proses Penerimaan di PT. CA." Journal Industrial Manufacturing 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jim.v6i2.4992.
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Every job has the opportunity of the risk because occurrence of work accidents can be caused by various factors. PT. CA is a large distributor of motorcycle spare parts which has activities including receiving goods from fabrication and then storing them in temporary warehouses before being distributed to dealers in various regions. The company's activities have a large potential for accidents due to several operations. To hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining control in any work that occurs or has the potential to occur, it is necessary to analyze using HIRADC. The method used is a descriptive method described in the flow process and then identified possible hazards that occur in each activity step. After the identification process is complete, a risk assessment is carried out to determine the form of control. The object of research is the receiving section of the work area. The results of this study are that the receiving section has 7 existing activities and there are 20 potential hazards that are possible, from these potentials the current control is to maximize APD to minimize danger. The highest level of risk is substantial in the activity of moving cargo to temporary storage or inspection areas with a potential danger of crashing into workers which has an impact on limb injuries, fractures, and even death, so this activity is a concern to avoid work accidents. In addition, it is determined that hazard control is carried out by means of forklift lanes that are not allowed to be passed by workers and control recommendations are in the form of setting SOPs, ensuring that forklifts complete their activities to carry out inspections. Keywords: Occupational safety, potential hazard, identification, risk, control, HIRADC
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Jung, Miah, Rachelle M. Swann, Michelle S. Anantha, and Faranak Jamali. "An FDA Analysis of Inspected Entities After Receiving Official Action Indicated Letters for Good Clinical Practice Violations." Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 55, no. 5 (June 8, 2021): 907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-021-00267-y.
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Abstract Background Limited research has been conducted to examine whether clinical investigators (CIs), sponsors (SPs), contract research organizations (CROs), and sponsor-investigators (SIs) continue conducting clinical trials following issuance of FDA Official Action Indicated (OAI) letters. FDA issues OAI letters for significant regulatory violations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of inspected entities who received OAI letters in the conduct of Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)-regulated clinical trials (CRCTs). Methods This cross-sectional study included an analysis of inspectional data from CDER’s Good Clinical Practice (GCP) inspections for OAI letters issued from October 1, 2010, to September 30, 2015, with an in-depth analysis of post-OAI status of inspected entities, including OAI follow-up inspections. Results Of the 2248 GCP letters issued during this period, 104 (4.6%) OAI letters were sent: 95 (4.2%) to CIs (91% of OAIs), 7 (0.3%) to SPs (7% of OAIs), and 2 (0.08%) to SIs (2% of OAIs). Majority of OAI letters were issued as a result of a for-cause inspection. Five CIs were excluded from analysis. No OAI letters were sent to CROs. Only 30% of CIs (27 out of 90) continued to conduct CRCTs. OAI follow-up inspections were completed for these CIs resulting in 16 No Action Indicated (NAI), 11 Voluntary Action Indicated (VAI), and no OAI letters. Majority (64%) of the VAI letters noted repeated but not significant violations. Conclusions Majority (70%) of CIs who received an OAI letter were no longer conducting CRCTs at the time of follow-up. Of the 27 CIs continuing CRCTs, 16 (59%) OAI follow-up inspections resulted in NAI classifications and 11 (41%) in VAI.
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Stoimenova, Assena H., Bogdan J. Kirilov, Stanislav R. Gueorguiev, Elina S. Petkova-Gueorguieva, and Sava G. Ognianov. "Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products in Bulgaria: an Analysis of Regulatory Inspection Findings." Folia Medica 62, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.62.e49802.
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Background: The manufacture of medicinal products for human use in the European Economic Area is governed by European Directives and Regulations stipulating the relevant principles and guidelines of Good Manufacturing Practice, describing the minimum standard to be fulfilled in the production processes. Aim: To present analysis of the deficiencies reported following Good Manufacturing Practice inspections in Bulgaria in two consecutive years (2016, 2017) and to compare them with results from similar inspections reported by other EU member states. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the complete Good Manufacturing Practice inspection reports of all manufacturers conducted by the Bulgarian Drug Agency in 2016 and 2017, according to relevant requirements and applicable local legislation. The items reviewed were scope of inspection, type of companies, classification of deficiencies – ‘critical’, ‘major’ and ‘other significant deficiencies’, their nature and reference to EU Good Manufacturing Practice. Results: The analyzed data included 55 inspections, revealing 460 various deficiencies, of which 2 were critical and 102 – major. Twenty inspections were performed in 2016 vs. 35 inspections in 2017. The pattern of deficiencies was similar to the findings of other EU regulatory agencies, showing that equivalent requirements were applied. Our analysis showed that Bulgarian Drug Agency inspectors rarely raised deficiencies related to Computer Systems, Qualification/Validation, Personnel and Qualification of Suppliers unlike other EU regulators agents. Conclusions: Our analysis of Good Manufacturing Practice inspection findings in 2016 and 2017 showed that the Bulgarian Drug Agency demonstrated its ability to detect non-compliances and take necessary regulatory actions. Quality related issues constitute the main reasons for non-compliances with the requirements. Publishing the results from the inspections performed by the national competent authorities enhances the regulatory transparency that can be useful for industry to improve its Good Manufacturing Practice compliance.
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Ji, Jun, and Hou De Han. "Remote Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Ocean Going Reefer Containers Based on Inmarsat F." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.373.
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Marine reefer containers may transport goods at their different best temperatures to any port in the world in a rapid, safe, flexible and economical way, so it has become the most important new means of transport in the international trade. However, during the ocean going transportation, influenced by such changing interference factors as navigation area, solar radiation angle, air and water temperature, reefer containers work under complex and adverse conditions in a long time, so reefer container faults and cargo damage take place frequently. Coupled with increasing types of cargo, only to rely on manual inspections and on-site diagnosis is not only inefficient but also ineffective. Thus, it has put forward higher requirements on the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of ocean going reefer containers. In the paper, a data wireless transmission and condition monitoring system of marine reefer containers based on the serial communication interface is designed and a remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system based on Inmarsat F is put forward. With its application to the ocean going ships, it will undoubtedly have great practical significance to the safety operation and economic efficiency of marine reefer containers.
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Potter, T. E. C., D. Cebon, and D. J. Cole. "Review Paper: Assessing ‘road-friendliness’: A review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526588.
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This paper is concerned with assessing the dynamic tyre forces generated by articulated heavy goods vehicles for road damaging potential. Various factors are discussed, including: (a) general testing methodologies; (b) road damage issues such as ‘spatial repeatability’ of dynamic tyre forces and road damage criteria; (c) vehicle response issues, such as test duration and sampling details, road roughness, testing speed, wheel-base filtering, tractor—trailer interaction, suspension maintenance and ‘indirect’ testing methods; and (d) implementation issues. It is concluded that the most practical method of assessment testing would be to use a ‘type approval’ test to measure the vehicle's peformance when coupled to a standard trailer or tractor unit, combined with anual inspections of hydraulic damper integrity. The type approval procedure should use simple single-axle laboratory tests to estimate the parameters of a generic mathematical model of each vehicle unit. Numerical simulations of the tractor and standard trailer (or trailer and standard tractor) should be used to determine the vehicle's response to a variety of typical road input conditions. These responses should than be assessed using realistic road damage criteria to determine an ‘in-service’ road damage index.
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D’Alpaos, Chiara, and Maria Rosa Valluzzi. "Protection of Cultural Heritage Buildings and Artistic Assets from Seismic Hazard: A Hierarchical Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041608.
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The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes represent a worldwide challenge in the conservation of cultural heritage (CH), which suffer from damage due to high vulnerability conditions. Therefore, the protection of CH from seismic hazard is of paramount importance. Damage and vulnerability assessment of CH and artistic assets play a key role in the identification of conservation strategies. Effective strategies require the stabilization of severely damaged buildings and the preventive improvement of constructions structural response to seismic actions. Although the operation of emergency inspections is meant to classify buildings on the basis of buildings residual seismic capacity, investment decisions in restoration and conservation strategies of such vulnerable structures must take into consideration tangible and intangible values of both building structures and artistic goods as well as must combine objectives of verifying structural safety standards and preserving cultural heritage significance. Damage and vulnerability assessment depend on different criteria, which, on the one hand, are related to buildings structural characteristics, materials, and geometrical properties. On the other hand, to the peculiarities and uniqueness of artworks and artistic goods present on structural elements. In this paper, an AHP (absolute) model is proposed to rank multi-criteria prioritization of protection and restoration interventions on a set of 15 churches, which were damaged by earthquakes, occurring in Italy in the last decades. In detail, in order to structure the decision problem, identify key factors, and define the hierarchy, we conducted an extensive literature review and interviewed a pool of experts. Focus groups were organized to develop the set of criteria and sub-criteria and validate the hierarchy by dynamic discussion.
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Stoimenova, Assena, Bogdan Kirilov, and Krassimira Zaykova. "Analysis of good distribution practice inspection deficiency data of pharmaceutical wholesalers in Bulgaria." Pharmacia 66, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e35880.
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The current study analyses the regulatory inspection findings of the wholesalers in Bulgaria in 2017 and compares the results with the findings from some other EU member-states. In total, 48 GDP inspections were performed in 2017. 50% of the inspections were performed in relation with issuing an authorization for wholesale of medicines, the rest half were related to changes in already granted authorizations. During the inspections, 17 non-conformities (NCs) have been documented. The NCs were identified in 3 wholesalers and 6 deficiencies were classified as major. No critical deficiencies were found. NCs were found in 6.25% of the inspected companies. No critical NCs were identified and only 6 NCs were classified as major which demonstrated high level of compliance of distributions sites in Bulgaria with the requirements of GDP.
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Ashirbekov, Marat Erkenovich. "To the issue of counteraction of Republic of Kazakhstan prosecution authorities to violations in the land legislation sphere." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 11 (2019): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2019-3-11-310-318.
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We consider the issue of counteraction of Republic of Kazakhstan prosecution authorities to violations in the land legislation sphere. In this manner, the current reforms to improve the social and economic well-being of citizens in the Republic of Kazakhstan have affected such a burning sphere of public relations as the land issue. It is noted that other values, in particular spiritual and material goods, pale before the right to own the private property institution. It is stated that the existing demand for land and the lack of equal opportunities to obtain them contributes to the emergence of corruption risks. The role of the state course coordinator is legally assigned to the supreme supervisory body of the Republic of Kazakhstan – the Prosecutor General’s office. The inspections carried out by the prosecutor’s office in the activities of local executive bodies reveal numerous law violations, allowed when granting land for individual housing construction, failure to comply with the procedure for issuing land, the use of various schemes to bypass queues. However, the state does not have sufficient land resources to meet the needs of even those who are already in line. In view of what any methods for achievement of the purposes, including bribes of officials, arbitrariness and unauthorized captures of the earth are applied. We offer the ways of counteraction and prevention of the considered crimes in the sphere of land use.
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McSkimming, Samuel. "Trade-Based Money Laundering: Responding to an Emerging Threat." Deakin Law Review 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2010vol15no1art116.
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Concerted global effort has made the financial system an increasingly hostile and risky environment in which to launder illicit funds. As a result, offenders are increasingly turning to money laundering typologies that operate outside the financial system – primarily, trade-based money laundering. Despite this, enforcement agencies are ill-equipped to systematically detect and prevent trade-based financial crime. This paper makes several observations. The first is that, while little has been done to prevent trade-based financial crime, there is also little evidence of its ill effect. Further, there has been little consideration as to whether systematic monitoring of the trade system would be cost-effective, relative to the number of offenders detected and the harm prevented. Without such analysis, it is almost impossible to reach a measured and balanced view on appropriate policy settings. The second is that, even if monitoring were to be implemented, the analytical methodologies that are currently used have major flaws. They not only rely on data that is often of poor quality, but may also be worryingly easy to circumvent. This too raises serious questions about the effectiveness of the proposed policy responses to trade-based money laundering. The difficulties associated with data monitoring also raise the spectre of a significant increase in the number of physical, and therefore costly, inspections of trade goods.
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Hai, Zheng Ping, Zhi Hong Yang, and Jian Hua Ning. "Study on Inspection Methods for High-Speed Progressive-Die Punched Strips." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.69.
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The inspection of sheet strips post high-speed punching mainly relies on the manual off-line inspection with basic inspection equipment or CCD equipment. Such inspections cannot reflect the real-time conformity of strip machining, and in severe cases, lead to rejects in batches, causing a tremendous waste in production. Now that the application of charge-coupled device (CCD) technology in product inspection is relatively mature, it would be a very good thought to adopt the CCD technology to realize real-time online inspection of conformity of the high-speed punched strips. KeyWords: CCD technology; strip; online automatic inspection; progressive die
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Jarosiński, Wojciech, Paweł Dziedziak, and Adam Sowiński. "Periodic technical inspection system in Italy." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.119.
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Paper present organization of the system of Periodic Technical Inspection in Italy. Supervision is an important element of the system. It is based on direct statistic analysis of data of results and deficiencies from running online IT system. The periodic technical inspection system is coherent and enforces good quality of inspections and its elements could provide an inspiration to improve Polish PTI system.
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Davies, Peter, and Danny Constantinis. "Innovative inspection techniques for ultra deepwater drillships and other floating O&G production assets saving costs, enhancing safety, while assuring operational availability and asset integrity." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16012.
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The Hull Inspection Techniques and Strategy (HITS) Joint Industry Project (JIP), a subgroup of the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Research Forum, called for new methods to be developed that enhance safety, reduce costs and support the assurance of integrated asset management. Hull integrity is critical to enhancing safety and operational effectiveness for production operations, particularly for high-value assets. Good hull integrity requires accurate, relevant hull-inspection data of the internal structure, isolation valves, moonpools, external appendages and positioning systems. Current methods use divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs); this often disrupts drilling operations and, in the case of divers, is a high but managed risk. HITS JIP called for methods to minimise diver and man intervention in confined spaces. This has now been achieved on several assets while on station, operational and on-hire by an innovative method of conducting inspections from within the hull and using advanced techniques to inspect critical isolation valves, moonpool high-stress areas, thrusters and hull appendages. Aligning internal and external structural inspections optimises operational availability further and is achieved by means of class-approved ‘long-term inspection plans’ that align the ‘underwater’ scope with other hull inspections and spreads the work over several 5-year cycles. As well as safety enhancements, benefits include over 70% persons on board (POB) reduction on diver under water inspection in lieu of drydocking (UWILD) operations, minimising downtime and operational impact, and high-value inspection data. Further advances in hull inspection have also been proven that eliminate man entry of confined spaces for inspection of ballast and other tanks.
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Adomavičiūtė, Danutė, and Jonas Mackevičius. "Muitinės audito organizavimas ir jo tobulinimo galimybės." Informacijos mokslai 62 (January 1, 2012): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2012.0.1581.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama muitinės audito reikšmė, tikslai ir jo vieta audito sistemoje. Muitinės auditas apibūdinamas kaip procesas, kurio metu muitinės pareigūnai atlieka ūkio subjekto veiklos vertinimą, tikrindami muitinės deklaracijose esančios informacijos teisingumą. Pabrėžiami muitinės audito bendri bruožai ir esminiai skirtumai, palyginti su finansinių ataskaitų, valdymo, veiklos ir kitomis audito rūšimis. Tiriamos muitinės audito sritys: importo, eksporto, tranzito ir kitos muitinės procedūros. Akcentuojamas audito proceso nuoseklumas; nagrinėjami pagrindiniai muitinės audito etapai: 1) planavimo ir atrankos,2) pasirengimo, 3) vykdymo, 4) rezultatų įforminimo, 5) peržiūros. Nagrinėjant muitinės audito tobulinimo galimybes ypač pabrėžiamas strateginio audito taikymas vertinant verslo įmonių rizikas.Reikšminiai žodžiai: muitinė, muitinės auditas, audito sritys, audito atlikimo etapai, tobulinimo galimybės.Organization of Customs Audit and Possibilities of DevelopmentDanutė Adomavičiūtė, Jonas Mackevičius Summary The main strategic objective of Lithuanian customs is the defence of the market and society in the field of the foreign trade while implementing the policy of the European Community’s taxes and trade. To achieve this objective, one of the main challenges is to implement measures related to the safety and security of the international trade supply and to prevent terrorism, smuggling, organised crime and other criminalities. The focus is placed on the application of the audit-based control measures in order to overcome the logistical barriers that inevitably arise in the process of international trade. The customs audit is of a great importance in the process of the customs inspection. The control based on the methods of the customs audit assures better opportunities of anti-breaches. Moreover, a faster flow of goods traffic at the external border of the European Union is assured while carrying out most inspections at the companies’ residences. Therefore, it is important to improve the customs audit, combining this process with the changing business environment. This also has to do with the ongoing market processes. Recently, the customs of the EUcountries have begun appreciating the activities of the business enterprises, seeking to gain the status of the authorised economic operator (AEO). The customs audit is a highly effective tool ensuring the business enterprise activities’ assessment in the financial, legal and security aspects. The main objectives of the customs audit are the following: 1) to check the data accuracy and comprehensiveness indicated in the customs declarations, 2) to define the breaches on the basis of which duties and other taxes are being counted, and errors of the data in the documents provided by the importers and exporters as well as other persons accepting the customs obligations, 3) to evaluate the entities’ activities and compliance with the requirements. A comparison of all types of the audit shows that the customs audit has many features in common with the other types of the audit. There is a special correlation between the customs audit and financial, operational and management audit. The customs audit, having common features with other types of the audit, has also some differences. Its different goal has its own special features. Customs procedures, goods’ customs value, goods’ classification, origin and other things can become the inspected areas of business enterprises’ activities and the items to be assessed. Customs’ conducted process of the business enterprise activities assessment has a number of procedural aspects arising from the activity’s particularity. The assessment of business enterprises’ activities in Lithuanian customs is carried out taking into consideration the issuing/non-issuing of the AEO status when the customs audit assesses the activities of the economic operator and its compliance with the established criteria.
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Mongan, Ceara, and Will Thomas. "Understanding good leadership in the context of English care home inspection reports." Leadership in Health Services 34, no. 2 (May 28, 2021): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-11-2020-0098.
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Purpose As part of their inspection of care homes in England, the statutory inspector (the Care Quality Commission [CQC]) makes a judgement on the quality of the home’s leadership. Their view is critical as it is intended to inform consumer choice and because the statutory nature of inspection means these views hold considerable authority. The purpose of this paper is to look at the content of a selection of reports and seek to determine what the CQC understands by the concept of “good leadership”. Design/methodology/approach A purposive sample of recent CQC inspection reports was selected and subjected to a qualitative content analysis. Inspections are structured around five main questions. The resulting themes describe areas of focus within the section of reports that feature the question “Are they well-led?”. Findings Inspection reports were found to focus on four main themes: safety and quality of care; day-to-day management of staff; governance and training in the home; and integration and partnership working. In the discussion section, the authors reflect on these themes and suggest that the CQC’s view of leadership is rather limited. In particular, while an emphasis is placed within the literature and policy on the importance of leadership in delivering change and quality improvement, little attention is paid to this within the leadership section of inspection reports. Research limitations/implications The authors’ research is based on a small-scale sample of inspection reports; nevertheless, it suggests a number of avenues for further research into the way in which leadership and management capabilities are developed and monitored in the sector. Originality/value The analysis in this report offers a view of how the inspection regime implements its own guidance and how it assesses leadership. The reports, as public-facing documents, are artefacts of the inspection regime and critical not just as evidence of the practice of inspection but as influence on care home operations and the choices of care home residents and their families.
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CHAUDHURI, DIPAK, and OTHMAN MOHAMMED. "OPTIMAL INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT MODELS FOR SYSTEMS WITH INCREASING MINIMAL REPAIR COST." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 06, no. 02 (June 1999): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539399000152.
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Production systems are generally subjected to failures, which are not self-announcing. These failures may not bring the system to a complete halt but may cause its malfunction, which would affect the quality of output. Inspections at intervals are required to detect such failures. After a failure, the system would continue to produce degraded output unless corrective action (minimal repair) is taken after detecting the failure during inspection. These minimal repairs do not bring the system to "as good as new" condition, but restore its condition to the level prior to the failure. A replacement/overhaul of the system after operation for a long time will make it "as good as new." The paper presents optimal inspection models for such a production system. The system is replaced or overhauled at predetermined times, marking the end of a cycle, while inspections are periodically done within a cycle. An entire output during an interval is scrapped, if inspection reveals a failure during the interval. Dynamic programming formulation has been used to optimize expected profit per cycle. The model is suitable when prior sales commitments exist and failure of the system is not self-announcing.
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Tallett, Amy, Alan J. Poots, Chris Graham, Michele Peters, Rory Corbett, Steve Sizmur, and Julien Forder. "How can patient experience scores be used to predict quality inspection ratings? A retrospective cross-sectional study of national primary care datasets in the UK." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e041709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041709.
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ObjectivesThe relationship between patient feedback in the General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) and Care Quality Commission (CQC) inspections of practices was investigated to understand whether there is an association between patient views and regulator ratings of quality. The specific aims were to understand whether patients’ self-reported experiences of primary care can predict CQC inspection ratings of GP practices by: (i) Measuring the association between GPPS results and CQC inspection ratings of GP practices; (ii) Building a predictive model of GP practice quality ratings that use GPPS results; and (iii) Evaluating the predictive model for risk stratification.DesignRetrospective analysis of routinely collected data using decision tree modelling.SettingPrimary care: GP practices in England.Primary and secondary outcome measuresGPPS scores and GP practice CQC inspection ratings during 2018.ResultsMost GP practices (72%, 974/1350) were rated as ‘Good’ overall by CQC. Simply assuming that all practices will be rated as ‘Good’ results in a correct prediction 72% of the time, and it was not possible to improve on this overall level of predictive accuracy using decision tree modelling (correct in 73% of cases). However, a set of GPPS questions were found to have value in identifying practices at elevated risk of a poor inspection rating.ConclusionsAlthough there were some associations between GPPS data and CQC inspection ratings, there were limitations to the use of GPPS data for predictive analysis. This is a likely result of the majority of CQC inspections of GPs resulting in a ‘Good’ or ‘Outstanding’ rating. However, some GPPS questions were found to have value in identifying practices at higher risk of an ‘Inadequate’ or ‘Requires Improvement’ rating, and this may be valuable for surveillance purposes. For example, the CQC could use key questions from the survey to target inspection planning.
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Ojah, Mark. "Securing and Facilitating Trade through U.S. Land Borders." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1938, no. 1 (January 2005): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193800105.
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A paradigm shift in U.S. policy about inbound commercial shipments has occurred in recent years. Before September 11, 2001, U.S. Customs Services’ regulation of imported goods focused primarily on trade compliance. Since then, Customs’ priority mission has become preventing terrorism against the United States. Two volunteer programs, the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) and the Free and Secure Trade (FAST) initiative, were created to reconcile supply chain security and trade facilitation goals. Customs has successfully engaged thousands of companies in trade security by offering benefits such as fewer inspections and expedited border processing. However, this approach is viable only if resources and mechanisms exist to ensure that the shipments being facilitated are indeed more secure. The security practices of current C-TPAT enrollees may not be validated for months or years because of funding and staffing constraints. These limitations also prevent Customs from integrating stakeholders with crucial roles in U.S. trade into C-TPAT and FAST. To improve the ability of these initiatives to safeguard U.S. supply chains, the federal government must increase program funding levels. This will allow more prompt verification of the security of enrollees and expansion of the process to key stakeholders not currently covered under the programs. As technology improves and the number of FAST movements grows, Customs should consider mandating the use of tamper-evident technology as a prerequisite for participation in C-TPAT and FAST. Finally, additional applications for FAST transponders should be pursued to improve security, safety, and efficiency in the border-crossing process.
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Eltaief, M., T. Hassine, Chokri Bouraoui, H. Riahi, A. Chateauneuf, and Ph Bressolette. "Toward Optimal Updating Time Inspection Based on Reliability Approach of Fatigue Crack Propagation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 146 (December 2011): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.146.96.
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t is well-established that fatigue crack growth process is one of the main process which can produce failure of structures and mechanical components. The aim of this work is to develop a model predicting an updating inspection time model for structural fatigue crack growth life based on updating reliability analysis taking into account the additional information generated by the previous inspection results. First order reliability method (FORM) and Surface response method are used to evaluate the reliability. The uncertainties such as material parameters and geometrical parameters which affect the lifespan of the structure were regarded as random variables. Updating reliability assessment based on Bayesian approach was introduced to determine the updating inspection time for target reliability. The method was illustrated through an application to a plate with an emergent rectilinear crack loaded with a constant amplitude cyclic stress. The results of the application are in a good agreement with the physical results and show that the proposed method is proved to be feasible and applicable in the general complex fatigue loading and able to give accurate updating framework for scheduling inspections. Furthermore the proposed approach leads to determine the optimal Inspection time strategy based upon cost-minimization by considering a single type or multiple types of inspections.
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Mayayise, Thembekile, and Isaac Olusegun Osunmakinde. "E-commerce assurance models and trustworthiness issues: an empirical study." Information Management & Computer Security 22, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imcs-01-2013-0001.
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Purpose – The internet provides a mechanism by which buyers and sellers meet in order to exchange goods and services online with the utmost convenience. However, there are many risks associated with the internet which, if left unattended, could continue deterring the adoption of e-commerce. These risks ultimately diminish online consumer trust in e-commerce. Web assurance models have been designed in an attempt to encourage online consumer trust through assurance. Unfortunately, many of these models have been inadequate in certain areas and this research aims to improve on them. Design/methodology/approach – It presents a comprehensive empirical survey on trustworthiness issues and e-commerce assurance models and proposes a new compliance-based e-commerce assurance model that integrates adaptive legislation, adaptive e-commerce-related standards and cooperative rating. The intelligent cooperative rating is based on the analytic hierarchy process and page-ranking techniques. Findings – Some findings of this research study influence the thinking that some of the untrustworthy sites are posing as trustworthy sites because they display web seals. The findings can be used as a reference guide to understand e-commerce assurance models, as well as the effectiveness of ensuring the trustworthiness of these models. Practical implications – The research presents deployment analysis on the use of the proposed compliance model through real life scenarios categorized as trustworthy and untrustworthy e-commerce web sites. Originality/value – This research is relevant to information management and computer security in e-commerce as a development of a newly proposed e-commerce assurance model for trustworthiness safety inspections and knowledge generation as a reference guide to understand e-commerce trustworthiness in general and e-commerce assurance models in particular detail.
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Sofijanic, Svetozar Slobodan, Sinisa Milos Arsic, Dragutin Jovanovic, Milos Zivko Arsic, Safet Kalac, Zoran Ribaric, Dragan Kostadinovic, et al. "Influence of Business-Operational Performances and Company Size on CO2 Emissions Decrease-Case of Serbian Road Transport Companies." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2021): 8176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158176.
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This research includes the analysis and comparison of long-term values of key business parameters of profit-oriented companies in Serbia, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. This paper takes into account the decreasing emissions of CO2 and its relation to the size of business (in terms of transported cargo or number of passengers), and thus by the company’s business success (income, profit). In the empirical part of this research—ecological, operational, and business factors were analyzed on a sample of road carriers from Serbia, i.e., the most common type of organized transport of people or physical goods. Key difference was made between large and small companies engaged in transport activities, followed by difference between those companies which have business activities only in Serbia, or engage also in international activities in the Balkan region (or in the rest of world). The main goal of this paper is to determine statistically significant differences between transport companies in terms of key performance indicators, depending on whether they operate only domestically or abroad. In relation to company size, this paper examined the sustainability of operations in the case of the largest transport companies, which represent half of the total transport activity in the country (by number of people transported or the amount of transported cargo), compared to all small carriers with less than 50 employees. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, which have not yet become a part of the European Union and including additional operational as well as environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.
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Tlili, L., M. Radhoui, and A. Chelbi. "Condition-Based Maintenance Strategy for Production Systems Generating Environmental Damage." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/494162.
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We consider production systems which generate damage to environment as they get older and degrade. The system is submitted to inspections to assess the generated environmental damage. The inspections can be periodic or nonperiodic. In case an inspection reveals that the environmental degradation level has exceeded the critical levelU, the system is considered in an advanced deterioration state and will have generated significant environmental damage. A corrective maintenance action is then performed to renew the system and clean the environment and a penalty has to be paid. In order to prevent such an undesirable situation, a lower threshold levelLis considered to trigger a preventive maintenance action to bring back the system to a state as good as new at a lower cost and without paying the penalty. Two inspection policies are considered (periodic and nonperiodic). For each one of them, a mathematical model and a numerical procedure are developed to determine simultaneously the preventive maintenance (PM) thresholdL∗and the inspection sequence which minimize the average long-run cost per time unit. Numerical calculations are performed to illustrate the proposed maintenance policies and highlight their main characteristics with respect to relevant input parameters.
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Griffiths, Alex, and Meghan P. Leaver. "Wisdom of patients: predicting the quality of care using aggregated patient feedback." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006847.
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BackgroundThe Care Quality Commission (CQC) is responsible for ensuring the quality of healthcare in England. To that end, CQC has developed statistical surveillance tools that periodically aggregate large numbers of quantitative performance measures to identify risks to the quality of care and prioritise its limited inspection resource. These tools have, however, failed to successfully identify poor-quality providers. Facing continued budget cuts, CQC is now further reliant on an ‘intelligence-driven’, risk-based approach to prioritising inspections and a new effective tool is required.ObjectiveTo determine whether the near real-time, automated collection and aggregation of multiple sources of patient feedback can provide a collective judgement that effectively identifies risks to the quality of care, and hence can be used to help prioritise inspections.MethodsOur Patient Voice Tracking System combines patient feedback from NHS Choices, Patient Opinion, Facebook and Twitter to form a near real-time collective judgement score for acute hospitals and trusts on any given date. The predictive ability of the collective judgement score is evaluated through a logistic regression analysis of the relationship between the collective judgement score on the start date of 456 hospital and trust-level inspections, and the subsequent inspection outcomes.ResultsAggregating patient feedback increases the volume and diversity of patient-centred insights into the quality of care. There is a positive association between the resulting collective judgement score and subsequent inspection outcomes (OR for being rated ‘Inadequate’ compared with ‘Requires improvement’ 0.35 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.76), Requires improvement/Good OR 0.23 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.44), and Good/Outstanding OR 0.13 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.84), with p<0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe collective judgement score can successfully identify a high-risk group of organisations for inspection, is available in near real time and is available at a more granular level than the majority of existing data sets. The collective judgement score could therefore be used to help prioritise inspections.
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Zuckerman, Dror. "Optimal inspection policy for a multi-unit machine." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 3 (September 1989): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214412.
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We consider a machine which generates income at rate I during its operating time. The machine is composed of N independent stochastically failing units. A failure of each one of the units causes a breakdown of the machine.The machine's status (good or failed) is observed continuously, by a controller, at zero cost. In the event of a breakdown, exactly one unit is failed, and a series of inspections is performed, in order to identify the failed unit and the reasons for its failure. At any time along the inspection process only one unit can be tested.An inspection of a given unit is characterized by its cost rate and inspection time. At the end of the inspection process, the failed unit is repaired at a known cost, and a new operating cycle is started.Our objective is to formulate an optimal inspection strategy under two optimality criteria: long-run average net income, and total expected discounted net income.
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Zuckerman, Dror. "Optimal inspection policy for a multi-unit machine." Journal of Applied Probability 26, no. 03 (September 1989): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200038146.
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We consider a machine which generates income at rate I during its operating time. The machine is composed of N independent stochastically failing units. A failure of each one of the units causes a breakdown of the machine. The machine's status (good or failed) is observed continuously, by a controller, at zero cost. In the event of a breakdown, exactly one unit is failed, and a series of inspections is performed, in order to identify the failed unit and the reasons for its failure. At any time along the inspection process only one unit can be tested. An inspection of a given unit is characterized by its cost rate and inspection time. At the end of the inspection process, the failed unit is repaired at a known cost, and a new operating cycle is started. Our objective is to formulate an optimal inspection strategy under two optimality criteria: long-run average net income, and total expected discounted net income.
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Kim, Yong-Jae. "A Study on the Establishment of a System to Remove/Reduce Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) in Central and South America." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 16, no. 3 (July 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2018070101.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze and investigate, to find out the appropriate way to remove/reduce TBT when exporting goods between Korea and Central & South America. The elimination strategy of TBT with aid of technical regulations or standards is beyond this article scope and only the conformity assessment shall be considered as the strategic measure of eliminating TBT. The scope of this article is in accord with the international standards corresponding to countries technical regulations and standards, every membership countries must prevent TBT-related Specific Trade Concern (STC) to WTO. This article analyzes international rules & systems with following research methodology. First, the article makes use of reviewing 2nd data analysis and focuses on a group interview, and then compares with an analysis of the international rules and systems, such as customs system, technical regulation, and standards through test & certification procedures and inspections. Second, this article reviews electric/electronic tests, certifications, and calibration. Third, through analyzing MRA between Korea and Central & South America, the article focuses on SDOC, Mutual Acceptance of International tests & certification and the IEC CB scheme. The results show that it is important to promote multi-track agreements with the countries that need a short-term promotion. Moreover, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with the leading countries in the Middle East and Central & South America. This article intends to draw a conclusion and make implication as follows. Through the reviews and analysis, the importance of promotion in FTA and MRA with the efforts to remove/reduce the obstacles and promote to make a remove/reduce TBT by MRA between Korea and Central & South America is shown.
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Vujičić, Srdjan, Nermin Hasanspahić, Maro Car, and Leo Čampara. "Distributed Ledger Technology as a Tool for Environmental Sustainability in the Shipping Industry." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050366.
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In recent years, many industries have adopted technology and digital systems to automate, expedite and secure specific processes. Stakeholders in maritime transport continue to exchange physical documents in order to conduct business. The monitoring of supply chain goods, communication among employees, environmental sustainability and longevity control, along with time framing, all create challenges to many industries. Everyday onboard work, such as cargo operations, navigation and various types of inspections in shipping, still requires paper documents and logs that need to be signed (and stamped). The conversion of traditional paper contracts into smart contracts, which can be digitalized and read through automation, provides a new wave of collaboration between eco systems across the shipping industry. Various data collected and stored on board ships could be used for scientific purposes. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) could be used to collect all those data and improve shipping operations by process expediting. It could eliminate the need to fill in various documents and logs and make operations safer and more environmentally friendly. Information about various important procedures onboard ships could be shared among all interested stakeholders. This paper considers the possible application of distributed ledger technology as an aid for the control of overboard discharge of wastewater from commercial ships. The intended outcome is that it could help protect the environment by sending data to relevant stakeholders in real time, thus providing information regarding the best discharge areas. The use of a structured communal data transference would ensure a consistent and accurate way to transmit data to all interested parties, and would eliminate the need to fill in various paper forms and logs. Wastewater overboard discharges would be properly monitored, recorded and measured, as distributed ledger technology would prevent any possibility of illegal actions and falsification of documents, thus ensuring environmental sustainability.
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Meshkovskiy, A. P., V. V. Beregovykh, V. N. Shestakov, N. V. Pyatigorskaya, Zh I. Aladysheva, N. S. Nikolenko, A. M. Pyatigorskiy, and E. I. Nesterkina. "Procedure for Reviewing Pharmaceutical Inspections in the Eurasian Economic Union (Review)." Drug development & registration 10, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-3-138-146.
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Introduction. The article discusses significant changes in the procedure for pharmaceutical inspection of drug manufacturers for compliance with the requirements of the rules of good manufacturing practice (GMP) of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), related to restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Text. The article presents the main international guidelines describing the remote conduct of pharmaceutical inspections, which is the basis for further updating the relevant procedures in the law of the EAEU. An overview of the foreign practice of pharmaceutical inspection during the pandemic is given. In addition, the changes in the Russian regulatory approaches to control and supervision in the Russian legislation are presented.Conclusion. These data give an idea that, with considering the above, there is a need for further convergence of the requirements, the practice of conducting pharmaceutical inspections for compliance with the requirements of GMP Rules in order to harmonize the norms between Russian regulatory documents, the norms of the EAEU law and international standards. This requires the development of a dialogue with the participation of stakeholders.
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Nestoryshen, Ihor, Ivan Berezhnyuk, and Alina Brendak. "Customs Risk Management System in the Context of Clearance of Customs Procedures." Modern Economics 22, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-09.
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Introduction. The article emphasizes that the current features of the implementation of foreign economic activity require consideration of two factors that are contradictory to each other. In particular, on the one hand, the growth of external threats is forcing the governments of many countries to tighten control measures when crossing the state border of goods and commercial vehicles. On the other hand, according to international conventions and agreements (Kyoto Convention, WMO Framework Standards for Security, WTO Facilitation Agreement), measures to reduce the interference of regulatory authorities in the operational activities of economic operators are envisaged. In this context, the use of risk-oriented customs control tools, which allow simplifying business without reducing the level of national security, is becoming especially important. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to generalize and systematize foreign and domestic approaches to simplification of customs procedures through the use of risk-oriented instruments of customs control, as well as to develop their own proposals for simplification of foreign trade entities in the domestic regulatory field by using subject-oriented criteria. Results. The authors analyzed the provisions of the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures, the Framework Standards for Security and Facilitation of International Trade, the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation, which are provided for significant simplification of international trade procedures by reducing the share of customs inspections and controls. Сustoms security, customs clearance of goods and vehicles on the territory of the subjects of foreign economic activity or in another place permitted by the customs, without the direct participation of customs officials. These measures are based on the widespread use of risk-oriented instruments of customs control. It is noted that some of the provisions of international conventions and agreements on the use of risk-oriented instruments of customs control and simplification of economic operators have been implemented in domestic customs legislation, namely Art. 320 of the Customs Code of Ukraine introduced selective customs control, it is determined that the forms and scope of control sufficient to ensure compliance with legislation on state customs and international treaties of Ukraine in customs clearance are selected by customs (customs posts) based on the results of risk management. Conclusion. The study analyzes the peculiarities of the customs risk management system application in customs control in Ukraine, and offers proposals for the use of subject-oriented criteria of customs control as a simplification for honest economic operators to reduce the selectivity of risk profiles ASUR.
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González-de Santos, L. M., J. Martínez-Sánchez, H. González-Jorge, A. Novo, and P. Arias. "FIRST APPROACH TO UAV-BASED CONTACT INSPECTION: A SMART PAYLOAD FOR NAVIGATION IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF STRUCTURES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-323-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many inspection tasks of structures are already carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Most of these inspections consist of using payloads for close range remote sensing purposes (i.e. digital cameras, thermal or LiDAR sensors). In all these inspection tasks the UAV system does not need to be close to the structure and typically the GPS coverage is good to perform mission navigation. In this paper, a smart payload developed for navigation in the neighbourhood of structures is presented. With this payload the UAV system is able to control the distance to a structure and the angle formed by the UAV and the structure in the horizontal plane. This payload has been calibrated in order to determine the calibration curve and measure the accuracy of the payload. The system has been tested in an indoor environment (GPS-denied). Good position and angular results has been obtained.</p>
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Siconolfi, Richard M., Fred E. Freeberg, and Lee V. Varden. "Total Quality Approach to Sponsor/Contract Laboratory Interface." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 12, no. 1 (January 1993): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819309140623.
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Good laboratory practice standards (GLPs) were issued with the intended purpose of documenting the quality of laboratory research. These rules have improved laboratory operations and documentation. However, their approach emphasizes inspecting quality as a process rather than for preventing errors in the first place. Total Quality goes beyond GLPs and requires that systems be continually improved to build in quality. This latter approach builds toward elimination of rework that result when GLP inspections uncover unacceptable errors.
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Cafiso, S., M. Kieć, M. Milazzo, G. Pappalardo, and F. Trovato. "Application Of Safety Inspections For Evaluation Of Two – Lane Regional Roads In Poland." Archives of Civil Engineering 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2014-0031.
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AbstractIn the paper methods for conducting Road Safety Inspections (SIs) in Italy and Poland are described and compared. The goal of the study is to improve the quality and efficiency of the safety inspections of road network by using low cost equipment (GPS, Tablet, Camera) and specific software. Particular attention was paid to the need for proper calibration of factors, causing traffic safety hazard associated with road infrastructure. The model developed according to the Italian procedures was adapted to comply with the checklists and evaluation criteria of the Polish guidelines. Overall, a good agreement between the two approaches was identified, however some modification was required to include new safety issues, characteristic for the Polish network for safety inspection of two lane rural roads. To test the applicability about 100 km of regional two lane roads in Poland were inspected with Polish and Italian procedures.
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Mercier, Sophie, and Michel Roussignol. "Asymptotic failure rate of a Markov deteriorating system with preventive maintenance." Journal of Applied Probability 40, no. 01 (March 2003): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200022233.
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We consider a system with a finite state space subject to continuous-time Markovian deterioration while running that leads to failure. Failures are instantaneously detected. This system is submitted to sequential checking and preventive maintenance: up states are divided into ‘good’ and ‘degraded’ ones and the system is sequentially checked through perfect and instantaneous inspections until it is found in a degraded up state and stopped to allow maintenance (or until it fails). Time between inspections is random and is chosen at each inspection according to the current degradation degree of the system. Markov renewal equations fulfilled by the reliability of the maintained system are given and an exponential equivalent is derived for the reliability. We prove the existence of an asymptotic failure rate for the maintained system, which we are able to compute. Sufficient conditions are given for the preventive maintenance policy to improve the reliability and the asymptotic failure rate of the system. A numerical example illustrates our study.
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Mercier, Sophie, and Michel Roussignol. "Asymptotic failure rate of a Markov deteriorating system with preventive maintenance." Journal of Applied Probability 40, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1044476824.
Full textAbstract:
We consider a system with a finite state space subject to continuous-time Markovian deterioration while running that leads to failure. Failures are instantaneously detected. This system is submitted to sequential checking and preventive maintenance: up states are divided into ‘good’ and ‘degraded’ ones and the system is sequentially checked through perfect and instantaneous inspections until it is found in a degraded up state and stopped to allow maintenance (or until it fails). Time between inspections is random and is chosen at each inspection according to the current degradation degree of the system. Markov renewal equations fulfilled by the reliability of the maintained system are given and an exponential equivalent is derived for the reliability. We prove the existence of an asymptotic failure rate for the maintained system, which we are able to compute. Sufficient conditions are given for the preventive maintenance policy to improve the reliability and the asymptotic failure rate of the system. A numerical example illustrates our study.
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Dyachenko, Elena Vyacheslavovna, Alexander Anatolyevich Orlovsky, and Victoria Viktorovna Glekova. "FEATURES OF CUSTOMS INSPECTION AND CUSTOMS INSPECTION OF GOODS TRANSPORTED ACROSS THE CUSTOMS BORDER." Globus 7, no. 4(61) (June 3, 2021): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-5197-61-4-14.
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This article discusses the features of customs inspection and customs inspection, which are the most effective forms of customs control of goods involved in international trade. The article examines some aspects of the organization and conduct of customs inspection, as well as the issues of the application of the risk management system by customs authorities.
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Stenberg, Georg, Mikael Johansson, Johan Hellman, and Ingmar Rosén. "“Do You See Yonder Cloud?”—On Priming Concepts, A New Test, and a Familiar Outcome. Reply to Lucas et al.: “Familiarity or Conceptual Priming? Good Question! Comment on Stenberg, Hellman, Johansson, and Rosén (2009)”." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 4 (April 2010): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21268.
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Lucas, Voss, and Paller sympathize with our intentions but disagree with our findings. They argue that a relation between frequency and conceptual priming may have been obscured by methodological details in our second experiment, therefore failing to complete a bridge between conceptual priming and FN400 with name frequency as the mediator. However, renewed inspections of our experiment and a new additional experiment, designed to meet the objections, fail to find any role for name frequency in conceptual priming and therefore re-establish the dissociation of priming and the FN400. On closer inspection, our differing views seem to derive from different interpretations of the term “concept.”