Academic literature on the topic 'Goods (law) – Value'

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Journal articles on the topic "Goods (law) – Value"

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Šaforostovs, Aleksejs. "DETERMINATION VALUE OF SMUGGLING GOODS." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 72 (2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i72.4339.

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The aim of this Article is to evaluate determination of value of smuggled goods according to existing Latvian and EU legislation and regulations. The problem analyzed in this study- existing determination metodology of smuggled goods value, which does not comply with EU legislation and case law, and European Commission opinion as well. Article`s novity has been shown by research carried out through analysis of the smuggled goods value, paying special attention to Latvian legislation in comparison with EU law, the case-law. As particular novelty of research should be emphasized Author`s proposa
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Frey, Ulrich J. "Crowdfunding – revealing preferences for environmental goods." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 3 (2019): 538–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2018-0086.

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PurposeA major problem in environmental economics is to estimate the monetary value of non-market goods. This is especially relevant for environmental goods. To assess their non-use value, different approaches have been used measuring stated and revealed preferences. However, both methodologies are associated with criticism. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method to estimate non-use values of environmental goods, i.e., to calculate revealed preferences in crowdfunded projects.Design/methodology/approachSince millions of individuals invest in various crowdfunded projects, the will
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Magnell, Thomas. "Collapsing Goods in Medicine and the Value of Innovation." Journal of Value Inquiry 40, no. 2-3 (2007): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-007-9032-5.

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Kahnemant, Daniel, and Jack L. Knetsch. "Contingent valuation and the value of public goods: Reply." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 22, no. 1 (1992): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(92)90021-n.

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Рафалюк, Елена, and Elena Rafalyuk. "Axiological Approach in International Law." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 10 (2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13256.

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The article is devoted to the study of the question of the values of international law, in particular the value of regional integration and cooperation of states. The author analyzes the approaches to the definition of value in terms of the classical approach (“Value as a property of the valued object or as a sample on the basis of which the evaluation shall be made”) and non-classical approach (“The relationship between the object and the statement of what should be an object”). The article discusses the formation of axiology and contribution to its development of R. G. Lotze, V. Windelband,
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Poole, Thomas. "The Devil’s Account: Men, Morals, andConstitutional Goods." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 22, no. 1 (2009): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900004598.

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Constitutional Goods, a work of political theory presented as constitutional theory, foregrounds law. Law is central to itsmethod. The dialogic (or inclusive) theory developed in the book is based, we are told, on ‘a unity of elements found in actual case law.’ Law provides, then, much of the raw material on the basis of which the three conceptions of liberalism (libertarian, egalitarian and communitarian) are identified. And court cases are vital to the process of ‘sifting’ through which aspects of each conception that are of enduring value are identified and synthesized within a final ‘inclu
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Champ, Patricia A., Richard C. Bishop, Thomas C. Brown, and Daniel W. McCollum. "Using Donation Mechanisms to Value Nonuse Benefits from Public Goods." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 33, no. 2 (1997): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1997.0988.

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Pink, Małgorzata. "Value Theory in the Economics of Sustainable Development." Problemy Ekorozwoju 15, no. 1 (2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2020.1.11.

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Historically, the value theory was based on an objectivist approach, where the value of the goods arises through the involvement of private means of production, with a special role of work or a subjectivist approach, where value is a subjective phenomenon and depends on marginal utility of the economic entity. The neoclassical revolution replaced the vague value theory with price theory, the economic reality and consumer expectations led to a situation in which lowering the price of goods at the expense of the environment became a commonly accepted mode of operation. For a long time, the value
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Bullini Orlandi, Ludovico, Elena De Martino, Cecilia Rossignoli, and Sabrina Bonomi. "Strategic Value of Agricultural Business Networks in Sustaining Common Goods." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 5986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215986.

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This article aims to highlight the positive relationship between the organizational form of the agricultural business network and common goods, thus seizing their strategic value for the company in terms of protection, development, and sustainable use. The common goods analyzed in this research are of different origins: natural, such as the local environment and biodiversity, and artificial, such as cooperation and communication. To this end, a four-year longitudinal study was conducted to study the relationship between agricultural business networks and common goods. This study provides an in
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Batten, David F. "Can economists value water's multiple benefits?" Water Policy 9, no. 4 (2007): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.020.

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If we recognize that water is not an ordinary economic good, we begin to understand why it is so difficult to assess and compare its many and varied benefits. Market instruments devised for conventional goods may not ensure that water is allocated efficiently and equitably. Classical economic tools, such as cost–benefit analysis, input–output analysis or equilibrium models, may not be able to embrace water's multiplicity of short, medium and long-term benefits. Only those parts of the water cycle close to intermediate and final users are usually treated as economic goods. If its vision is limi
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Goods (law) – Value"

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Villanueva, Gutiérrez Walker. "The taxable events for the Value-Added Tax (VAT) based on a Comparative Law approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115871.

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This article analyzes the definitions of the main taxable events for the Value-Added Tax (VAT) based on a comparative approach to thelegislation of different countries (Spain, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Argentina and Peru). In this regard, it analyzes which legislations offer definitions according to the principles of generality, fiscal neutrality and legal certainty for VAT. Moreover, it points out that the VAT systems of those countries do not require as a condition for the configuration of the taxable events that the transactions involve a «value added» or a final consumption. In the specific
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Hernández, Patiño Cecilia, and Jurado Guillermo Rosado. "The Right to Tax Credit of Insurers: On the subject of the Replenishment of Damaged Goods." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118034.

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The main purpose of this article is to give a tax approach about the tax credit insurers which is generated as product replenishment of goods in case of accidents, and thus determine whether or not to use the tax credit referred.From the analysis made in respect of the different doctrinal positions which are presented about the controversy to be develop in this article, we can conclude by saying that when insurance companies deliver goods to the insured as a result of claims do nothing that operations that are part of its line of business, and in that sense, being goods that are required to ac
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Coleman, Brian B. "On the Stephen Macedo and John Finnis Exchange: Natural Law, Liberalism, and Homosexuality: A Critical Assessment." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07202006-172938/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>Title from title screen. Andrew Altman, committee chair; Timothy Renick, Peter Lindsay, committee members. Electronic text (62 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 3, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p.57-62).
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Vaillant-Sayous, Anne-Gaëlle. "La valeur des biens en droit français." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2046/document.

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À la question de savoir ce qu’est la valeur des biens, le courant doctrinal majoritaire affirme que la valeur des biens est leur prix et que c’est en raison de cette valeur que les biens sont désirables et appropriables. Pourtant, juridiquement, le prix et la valeur des biens ne s’appliquent pas aux mêmes branches du droit et visent deux rapports d’équivalence différents. Même leurs expressions divergent puisque, contrairement au prix qui ne connaît qu’une expression monétaire, la valeur des biens connaît, en plus, une expression symbolique. Quant à l’affirmation selon laquelle la va
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Groffe, Julie. "La bonne foi en droit d'auteur." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111016.

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La bonne foi, notion floue teintée de morale et issue du droit commun, a vocation à intervenir dans toutes les branches du droit. A ce titre, elle trouve naturellement à s’appliquer en droit d’auteur, c’est-à-dire au sein du droit qui organise la protection des rapports entre l’auteur et l’œuvre de l’esprit qu’il a créée, en reconnaissant à ce dernier des droits patrimoniaux et des droits extrapatrimoniaux. Notion duale, la bonne foi s’entend tantôt comme la croyance erronée dans une situation – c’est là la dimension subjective –, tantôt comme l’exigence de loyauté dans le comportement, ce qui
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Kurek, Camille. "Le corps en droit pénal." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3075.

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La seule évocation du corps humain éveille l’attention. Pourtant, le droit pénal ne s’en saisit qu’à travers la personne humaine et aux fins de protection de cette dernière. Le corps humain apparaît au travers des valeurs sociales protégées consubstantielles à la personne, ou plus généralement à l’humain, mais rarement en tant que tel. Dissimulé derrière ces valeurs, le corps interroge quant à la place que lui accorde le droit pénal. Cette étude se propose de renverser la perspective classique en appréhendant le corps non pas au travers des valeurs qu’il véhicule, mais pour ce qu’il est. L’ana
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Canovas, Julie. "La nécessité d'une nouvelle conception de la responsabilité au service de l'en-commun : une approche à partir de champs spécifiques : genre, peuples autochtones, environnement." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732085.

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L'expansion du capitalisme a suscité des luttes à travers le monde, qui se sont exprimées contre les formes de domination et les divers types de déstructurations - sociopolitiques, économiques, culturelles, environnementales, notamment - issues d'un modèle homogénéisant. Face à l'amenuisement de la capacité de résilience de l'Ecosphère et à l'accroissement des inégalités inter et intra-sociétales, les acteurs de ces résistances anti-systémiques soulignent l' " insoutenabilité " du système dominant qui porte atteinte au respect de la dignité des êtres humains et de l'intégrité de la Nature. Au
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Oliveira, Vanessa Lima Bacilieri de. "A relativizaçao da impenhorabilidade dos bens de familia para a satisfaçao de créditos trabalhistas." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10781.

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T19:27:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VOliveira.pdf: 989857 bytes, checksum: 8067986511c12bf701bca81aaf2b3e8c (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:09:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VOliveira.pdf: 989857 bytes, checksum: 8067986511c12bf701bca81aaf2b3e8c (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VOliveira.pdf: 989857 bytes, checksum: 8067986511c12bf701bca81aaf2b3e8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Com o fim de propiciar uma mud
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Van, Zyl Stephanus Phillipus. "The collection of value added tax on online cross-border trade in digital goods." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13089.

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Technological advances have had a major impact on traditional retail shopping changing it from a physical undertaking to a completely digitised experience where consumers buy digital media online. VAT systems that do not specifically provide for, or which have not been adapted to cope with, technology-driven advances, generally do not provide for the adequate levying and collection of VAT on cross-border digital trade. The South African VAT system is no different. The taxation of e-commerce should not artificially advantage or disadvantage e-commerce over comparable traditional commerce, or un
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Kabwe, Ruddy Kapasula. "Consumption tax collection models in online trade in digital goods." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24950.

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Value-Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services. Governments raise revenue by collecting VAT in order to facilitate the maintenance of basic services for the general population. Challenges in VAT collection arise from the supply of digital goods to consumers by means of e-commerce transactions. Moreover, VAT collection mechanisms that do not adequately cater for the collection of VAT on the supply of digital goods results in under-taxation and VAT fraud. The use of an intermediary is a more effective method of collecting VAT on e-commerce transactions sinc
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Books on the topic "Goods (law) – Value"

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Lim, Charles Aeng Cheng. Goods and services tax: The law and practice. LexisNexis, 2002.

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Leone, Sierra. The Goods and Services Tax Act, 2009. Government Printing Department, 2009.

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Balaratnam, S. Goods and services tax in Sri Lanka: Principles of the law and practice of goods and services tax in Sri Lanka. Tax Publications Ltd., 1998.

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Schenk, Alan. Goods and services tax: The Canadian approach to value-added tax. CCH Canadian, 1993.

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Poland. The Act on the Goods and Services Tax: Bilingual edition Polish-English. Wydawn C.H. Beck, 2004.

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Malaysia. Goods and Services Tax Act 2014. Sweet & Maxwell, 2014.

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A practical guide to the Goods and Services Tax. 3rd ed. CCH Canadian, 2004.

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Ecker, Thomas. A VAT/GST model convention: Tax treaties as solution for value added tax and goods and services tax double taxation. IBFD, 2013.

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(Firm), Ryan. Value-added taxation in Canada: GST, HST and QST. 4th ed. CCH Canadian, 2011.

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(India), Haryana. Haryana Value Added Tax Act, 2003: With ready reckoner & procedure, rules, forms, saved portion, CST Act & rules & forms, CST (Pb.) Haryana rules, LADT act & rules, RTI act & state rules, Punjab Passengers Goods & Taxation Act, 1952 & rules, Punjab Entrtainemnt [sic] Duty Act & rules, Punjab Entertainment (Cinematograph) Shows act & rules. 3rd ed. Virmani Publications, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Goods (law) – Value"

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Kopp, Raymond J., and Katherine A. Pease. "Contingent Valuation: Economics, Law and Politics." In Determining the Value of Non-Marketed Goods. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5364-5_2.

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Laing, Jacqueline A. "Law, Liberalism, and the Common Good." In Human Values. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524149_9.

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Richardson, Henry S. "Incommensurability and Basic Goods: A Tension in the New Natural Law Theory." In Human Values. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524149_5.

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Nadholta, Pooja, Saras Jyoti, Sriloy Mohanty, Amit Singh, Jaideep Arya, and Neel Kamal Sharma. "Good Laboratory Practices: Lab Orientations, Meetings, and Value of Communication." In Quality Assurance Implementation in Research Labs. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3074-3_12.

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Ho, Orlando Nang Kwok. "The Good Beyond the Law: Routines of Life, Values, and Spirituality." In Rethinking the Curriculum. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8902-2_8.

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Lall, Tarlochan. "INTRA-COMMUNITY TRADE IN GOODS." In EU Value Added Tax Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781784718015.00023.

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Slorach, J. Scott, and Jason Ellis. "23. Value Added Tax." In Business Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192844316.003.0023.

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This chapter discusses value added tax (VAT) in the UK. VAT is charged on supplies of goods and services made in the UK. Where a person makes taxable supplies in excess of a set limit in any one-year period, he must register with HMRC. He must then account to HMRC for VAT on all taxable supplies made. The total amount payable may be reduced by the amount of VAT paid on certain taxable supplies made to him. The liability to pay VAT to HMRC rests on suppliers of goods and services. However, the cost of the tax is actually borne by suppliers’ customers who are charged VAT on the goods and services they purchase. VAT is charged in the UK under the Value Added Tax Act (VATA) 1994.
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Slorach, J. Scott, and Jason Ellis. "23. Value Added Tax." In Business Law 2020-2021. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198858393.003.0023.

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This chapter discusses value added tax (VAT) in the UK. VAT is charged on supplies of goods and services made in the UK. Where a person makes taxable supplies in excess of a set limit in any one-year period, he must register with Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC). He must then account to HMRC for VAT on all taxable supplies made. The total amount payable may be reduced by the amount of VAT paid on certain taxable supplies made to him. The liability to pay VAT to HMRC rests on suppliers of goods and services. However, the cost of the tax is actually borne by suppliers’ customers who are charged VAT on the goods and services they purchase. VAT is charged in the UK under the Value Added Tax Act (VATA) 1994.
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Slorach, J. Scott, and Jason Ellis. "23. Value Added Tax." In Business Law 2019-2020. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198838579.003.0023.

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This chapter discusses value added tax (VAT) in the UK. VAT is charged on supplies of goods and services made in the UK. Where a person makes taxable supplies in excess of a set limit in any one-year period, he must register with Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC). He must then account to HMRC for VAT on all taxable supplies made. The total amount payable may be reduced by the amount of VAT which he has paid on certain taxable supplies made to him. The liability to pay VAT to HMRC rests on suppliers of goods and services. However, the cost of the tax is actually borne by suppliers’ customers who are charged VAT on the goods and services they purchase. VAT is charged in the UK under the Value Added Tax Act (VATA) 1994.
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Foltea, Marina. "IV.9 Linking Goods and Services in the Value Chain." In Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781784713546.300.

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Conference papers on the topic "Goods (law) – Value"

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Özkan, Almıla, and Ayşe Sena Aksakallı. "Transfer of Risk of Loss in Turkish Law and International Treaties." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02381.

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The risk of loss refers to the value of the goods that were damaged or destroyed without responsibilities of any party. While the matter of risk of loss differs from legal systems to legal systems, it has been subject to international treaties as well. In Turkish legal system, the abrogated Code of Obligation and Turkish Code of Obligations have different features in terms of transfer of risk of loss. According to abrogated Code of Obligation, the buyer is responsible for the value of the damaged goods as soon as the parties sign the contract. In Turkish Code of Obligations, the seller bears t
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Kuskov, Vyacheslav Mihailovych. "FUNDAMENTAL ECONOMIC LAW OF MARKET SYSTEM: METHODOLOGY OF ITS INVENTION AND REVELATION." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-898/902.

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Pros and cons of establishment of the theory of fundamental economic law in history of economic mind are analyzed. The law of market value of the goods is defined as fundamental economic law of market economy in general. The research of national, regional and international levels of revelation and knowing of the fundamental economic law of a certain modern society was suggested.
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Robert and Bismar Nasution. "Adoption of Islamic Bankruptcy Law Values Into Indonesian Bankruptcy Law to Protect Good Faith Debtors." In International Conference on Law, Governance and Islamic Society (ICOLGIS 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200306.203.

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Michael, Andreas. "The True Market Value of a Good Petroleum Engineer: A Technical Perspective." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206272-ms.

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Abstract Defined by SPE as the application of basic and engineering sciences to the finding, development, and recovery of oil, gas and other resources from wells, petroleum engineering (PE) has been throughout the years falsely thought of as an amalgamation of other disciplines applied to the exploration and recovery of hydrocarbons. Integrating all PE subdisciplines in a manner efficient for teaching and learning is essential for securing the abundance of well-rounded market-attractive professionals. This paper discusses advantages individuals with PE background experience should exhibit in t
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Kiflemariam, Robel, and Cheng-Xian Lin. "CFD Modeling of Pressure Coefficients for a Natural Ventilation Study in an Experimental Low Rise Building." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66789.

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Mean wind pressure coefficient (Cp) is one of the major input data for natural ventilation study using building energy simulation approach. Due to their importance, they need to be accurately determined. In current engineering practice, tables and analytical Cp models only give mostly averaged results for simpler models and configurations. Considering the limitation of tables and analytical models, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) could provide a means for an accurate and detailed assessment of Cp. In this paper, we make use of a relatively high resolution, detailed experiments done at Flori
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da Silva, Edson Batista, Marcelo Assato, and Rosiane Cristina de Lima. "Performance Prediction of Gas Turbine Under Different Strategies Using Low Heating Value Fuel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-96013.

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Usually, the turbogenerators are designed to fire a specific fuel, depending on the project of these engines may be allowed the operation with other kinds of fuel compositions. However, it is necessary a careful evaluation of the operational behavior and performance of them due to conversion, for example, from natural gas to different low heating value fuels. Thus, this work describes strategies used to simulate the performance of a single shaft industrial gas turbine designed to operate with natural gas when firing low heating value fuel, such as biomass fuel from gasification process or blas
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Ellis, Fred V., and Sebastian Tordonato. "Calculation of Stress Relaxation Properties for 1CrMoV Bolt Material." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1939.

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Analytical life prediction methods have been developed for high temperature turbine and valve bolts. For 1CrMoV steel bolt material, long time creep-rupture and stress relaxation tests were performed at 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C by the National Research Institute for Metals of Japan. Based on analysis of their data, the isothermal creep behavior can be described using a power law: ε=Kσn(t)m+1 where ε is the creep strain, t is the time, σ is the stress, K, n, and m are material constants. The time power is a primarily a function of temperature, but also depends slightly on stress. To obtain the v
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Drago, James, and Wayne Evans. "Gauging the Force Effects of Valve Stem Packing on Valve Stem Actuation." In ASME/NRC 2017 13th Pump and Valve Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvs2017-3518.

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Stem friction in an operating valve is a function of the dynamic interaction of a number of variables — packing material of construction, number of packing rings, compressive load, lubrication, stem surface finish, temperature, cycling, etc. Forces due to friction can be reduced by modifying these factors. Attaining low actuation force and good sealing requires a balanced approach. Packing manufacturers have their own procedures for determining the frictional properties of different packing materials. This paper will show one such procedure and how varying materials and packing set configurati
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Edge, Brian A., Eric G. Paterson, and Mario F. Trujillo. "A Scaling Law for Cavitation Inception in Circular Jet Flows." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37362.

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The historical data for circular jets indicates that the incipient cavitation number increases with the diameter of the jet. This trend is not explained by the classic cavitation theory which expects incipient cavitation number to remain constant regardless of the jet diameter, flow parameters, or water quality. This paper explores the origins of cavitation scale effects and explains the correlation between the incipient cavitation number, jet diameter, and nuclei size. This is accomplished through turbulence-resolving CFD simulations of the jet flow field at three length scales and Rayleigh-P
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Ahmed, M., I. Hassan, and N. Esmail. "Modeling of the Onset of Gas Entrainment Through a Finite-Side Branch." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31242.

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A theoretical investigation has been conducted for the prediction of the critical height at the onset of gas entrainment during single discharge from a stratified two-phase region through a side branch with a finite diameter. Two different models have been developed including a new criterion for the onset of gas entrainment, a simplified point-sink model and a finite-branch model. The results of the predicted critical heights at the onset of gas entrainment showed that the finite-branch model approaches the physical limits at low Froude numbers. However, as the values of the Froude number incr
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Reports on the topic "Goods (law) – Value"

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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against
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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

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Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribut
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improvi
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value paymen
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Monetary Policy Report - October 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr4.-2020.

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Recent data suggest that the technical staff’s appraisals of the condition and development of economic activity, inflation and the labor market have been in line with current trends, marked by a decline in demand and the persistence of ample excess productive capacity. A significant projected fall in output materialized in the second quarter, contributing to a decline in inflation below the 3% target and reflected in a significant deterioration of the labor market. A slow recovery in output and employment is expected to continue for the remainder of 2020 and into next year, alongside growing i
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.

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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the ri
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