Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)'
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Gaudemar, Martine de. "La notion de puissance chez Leibniz." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10046.
Full textAlcantéra, Jean-Pascal. "La théorie du changement réel selon G. W. Leibniz." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010675.
Full textIn Leibniz's work, the resumption and the insertion of mecanistic research program into a theory of force, then into a dynamic science about moving action, are sustained with a natural philosophy regulated by the double exigency of the principle of indiscernability and the law of continuity. However, if the first domain can reach the phenomenal level, where three equations of conservation are confirmed, also the level of substances, from which proceds, without summation of extended parts, the former level, it does not seem that Leibniz has defended a similar enlargment with the law of continuity, far from mutations becoming noticeable by the analysis of elastic collision. Inherent to complete beings, varaiations which are related in fact to the aristotelician category of alteration, in order to be real, or to avoid entanglements of atomism, where leads necessarly mecanism in a narrow sens, take obviously a discreet mark. If they did not, there came back to the idealistic structure of continuity, and they could not divided matter to the infinite, and so could not product infinite variety of nature. In the first part, the receipt of mecanistic program is confronted with the characteristica geometrica, which formalises the matter of uncomplete physics surreptitiously, and, as we saw in the second part, the abstract continuity. The doctrin of "transcreation" about motion avoids the famous labyrinth, and equally forestalls activity of monads. The third part shows the compatibleness of dynamics with the generation of indiscernables, considerably through a study of the letters between Leibniz and the dutch physician B. De Volder
Prat, Christian. "L'Amour de Dieu chez Leibniz." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20021.
Full textFOR LEIBNIZ LOVE TO EXPLAINED BY A DEFINITION AND IS UNDERSTAND BY THE RIGHT ORDER OF THE TERMS OF THIS DEFINITION. THESE TERMS ARE REPRESENTED BY THE LOVER AND THE BELOVED, THAT IS TO SAY THE SUBJET AND THE OBJECT OF LOVE. EITHER GOD OR MAN CAN FORM THE TERMS OF THE RELATIONSHIP. THIS RELATIONSHIP WILL ONLY BE VALID AND INTELLIGIBLE IF THE ACT OF LOVE IS ALWAYS A LINK WHERE OURE KNOWLEDGE AND OUR BEING ARE INCREASED. IT MAKES THE PERFECTION THE OTHER ONE SHIFT TOWARDS US. IT JOINS THE PERFECTION OF THE OTHER TO OUR. IT IS A COMMUNICATION THROUGH WICH WE IMITATE WHAT IS BEAUTIFUL AND PERFECT IN THE OTHER PERSON. IT DOES NOT WORK with THE PRECISE BALANCE OF ACTION AND PASSION. SIMPLES MONADES ARE IN A SYSTEM WHERE THE INCREASING OF ANOTHER IMPLIES THE DECREASING OF ANOTHER ONE. INTELLIGENTS MONADES DO NOT ENTER THIS PLAN OF STRICT COMPENSATION. THEY LIVE IN THE WORLD OF NATURE AND GRACE. THEY ARE PART OF RELATIONSHIPS WHICH DEVELOP CHARITY AND THE WISH OF PUBLIC GOOD. THE LOVE RELATIONSHIP IS GOOD FOR US BUT ALSO FOR EVERYONE. LEIBNIZ SAYS THAT THIS RELATIONSHIP IS SELFLESS AND CALLS IT PURE LOVE. DURING THE ATTACK AGAINST QUIETISM, HE SUPPORTED THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH OF BOSSUET AND THE MYSTICAL APPROACH OF FENELON IN THE DEFINITION. THE LEIBNITZIAN CONCEPTION OF LOVE PLACES MAN IN NATURAL PERFECTION AND IN DIVINE BLISS
Pelletti, Michaël. "Les premiers travaux scientifiques de Leibniz." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040025.
Full textThe works of the young Leibniz are analyzed individually so that the reader can understand their differences and their evolution. The physics of the young Leibniz is presented as a series of doctrines which change from one work to the next. All the research is based upon the original texts. The author attempts to make known relatively unknown texts and passages. The four drafts of on the reasons of movement, the theory of abstract movement, and a new physical hypothesis are given an especially detailed analysis. Hobbes's latin version of concerning body receives an in-depth analysis as does the philosophical conception of Leibniz's master, Jakob Thomasius. The author examines the development of the percussion laws before 1669. During this reconstruction, the author provides a complete french translation of wren's paper, the law of nature on the collision of bodies, and analyzes the research of Huygens and marcus marci on percussion
Massamba-Loubelo, Olivier. "Leibniz : le problème du mal et l'ordre universel." Lyon 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO31015.
Full textThe topic of this work is the way how leibniz states and gives a solution to the problem of evil. The interest of this thesis consists in that leibniz is placed among the philosophical tradition of ancient greece, chiefly with the stoics, for whom the universe is an organized harmonies totality, directed by the "logos" which assigns to each individual nature his place in the concert of events. But, for leibniz the "logos" is noboly else than god himself the moral qualities of whom guarantee goodnessof creation. After having refuted the dualism which brings a too simple solution, leigniz estimates that evil cannot be attributed to god, since in his perfect knowledge and his infinite goodness, he only could produce the best possible world. However, men complain of all sorts of misfortunes which are not all unreal. The reason of these evils, a part the naturel limitation of creation, must be searched on the side of use liberty. If then, most of misfortunes may be explained by the global vision of universe, the other part which is not negligible must be attributed to perverted human liberty. In that, leibniz gives the way to the possibility of an ethic of responsability which makes the man the creator of an order not natural
Carvallo, Sarah. "Nouveaux essais sur le corps humain : Leibniz et la réforme médicale." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100030.
Full textRateau, Paul. "La Question du mal chez Leibniz : fondements et élaboration de la Théodicée." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20047.
Full textThis study aims to explain the genesis and the foundations of the Theodicy of Leibniz, as well as emphasize the problems raised by a doctrine whose author is reluctant to call a science in its own right. The objective is to show the originality of an endeavour that brings up different disciplines (metaphysics, theology, jurisprudence, ethics), various types of discourse and argument (refutation, doctrinal explanation, argumentation based on the possible, the probable and presumption, reasoning that is a priori non-demonstrative), from a moral and religious viewpoint : God's enlightened love and the end of denominational divisions. The first section puts the question of evil and divine justice back into the context of the Leibnizian endeavour, begun in 1667, to rationalize law and theology, and focuses on the difficulties which remained unresolved in the Confessio philosophi. The second section shows how, and in what context, the Theodicy project takes shape an how the refutative discourse, which aims to minimize Bayle's objections, is elaborated on the basis of a theory of philosophical dispute. Finally, the third section considers the theoretical aspect of this doctrine without demonstration : the explanation of divine concourse (moral and physical), the origin and nature of evil, the liberty of man and the moral principle of his action in the world
Coutard, Jean-Pierre. "L'interrogation sur le vivant chez Leibniz et quelques savants de son temps." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040249.
Full textLeibniz attempts to go beyond the cartesian dualism by asserting the substantial monad as an expression of an active primitive power which perceives and desires, which is a living power. Some leibnizian principles and conceptual tools allow to take a different look at the living as a continuous effort towards the optimal active power of a remarkable unity which constantly differentiates itself according to numerous levels of expression and degrees of perfection. If life is an evolutionary system of active forces driven by a will for growth, and if these forces are by nature the ones of a power giving a meaning, then the immediately unity of the being and the perceiving arises, in a context of a Desire where better we perceive better we are
Rey, Anne-Lise. "L'ambivalence de la notion d'action : un exemple de diffusion de la dynamique de Leibniz, la correspondance entre Leibniz et De Volder." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040259.
Full textThis thesis concerns the analysis of the processes by which the newly invented science of dynamics was diffused at the end of the XVIIth century. These processes involve a strategy initiated by the inventor himself, Leibniz. This strategy, in turn, had an effect on Leibniz's elaboration of his science of dynamics. Dynamics, as a new science of force and action, emerges in 1689 in Leibniz's "Dynamica de potential". It presents itself as a critical response to Descartes' mechanics. The explicit aim of dynamics is to propound a conservation principle of the force which holds for every bodily motion, the dynamics also informs the definition of the notion of substance. We want to explain the elaboration of Leibniz's strategy for diffusing the dynamics through the study of the notion of action and its ambivalence. Action is thus at the same time a dynamical conservation principle and the essence of substance. We propose a genetic study of the evolution of the gradual process by which the notion of action comes to have the meaning that it does. Though we can attain a partial understanding of this notion through a study of the logic of Leibniz's own thought, a full understanding of it requires circumscribing its role in the contemporaneous intellectual context and apprehending its singularity with regard to modern philosophy and science. We pull together these different aspects through the analysis of two important Latin correspondences (which we translate), the one between Leibniz and De Volter, and the other between Leibniz and Johann Bernoulli, with the help of the concept of style, borrowed from G. -G. Granger. Style can be defined as the use of symbolism by a thinker which permits one to consider a thought in its individual specificity at the same time as that individually specific thought is integrated into scientific knowledge. This concept of style allows to articulate two central aspects of the dynamics : a way of expression and diffusion proper to each specific audience (to correspondents, readers of learned journals, or to the audience of theoretical texts) and the system of equivalence between different ways of expressing the same doctrinal content, which operates thanks to higher and higher levels of abstraction, which articulate levels of expression with levels of intelligibility and levels of reality
Laerke, Mogens. "Leibniz et Spinoza : la genèse d'une opposition." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040072.
Full textThe project consists in a historiographical analysis of Leibniz's reading of Spinoza's philosophy. We have distinguished between four thematical dimensions organised chronologically: A theological and political dimension which concerns Leibniz's reading of the Tractatus Theologico-politicus; a metaphysical dimension concerning certain texts written by Leibniz in 1673-77; a logical dimension concerning Leibniz's commentaries to the Ethics in 1678; finally, a " comparative " dimension which concerns the years 1678-1716 where Leibniz proposes a series of comparative readings of spinozism. The thesis contains two appendices on the history of reception of Leibniz and Spinoza in France and in Germany. Finally, it contains two annexes: a chronology of the texts where Leibniz mentions Spinoza and a chronology of the publication of these texts
Vidal, D. Andrés. "Los fundamentos de la felicidad según Leibniz." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108646.
Full textGriard, Jérémie. "Le concept de souveraineté dans la pensée politique de Leibniz." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040113.
Full textEager to get for his envoys the title of ambassador to Nijmegen Congress, the prince of Hanover, John Frederick of Brunswick-Luneburg, entrusted Leibniz with the duty of defending his legation right. Thus, in 1677, the philosopher composed the De jure suprematus ac legationis principum Germaniae that he signed with the name of Caesarinus Fürstenerius. This pen-name by itself sets problematics : little Cesar, littel prince. . . Or how to conciliate German princes' sovereignty with their membership of the Holy Roman Empire ? To answer the question, Leibniz distinguishes sovereignty from majesty within the autocracy. The first one is no more than the right of forcing its own without being forced except by a war, whereas the second one is the right of ordering without being ordered. If at first sight this distinction seemed imposed by the will of John Frederick, it is however justified out of circumstances. Patient reconstitution of the sovereignty concept presents an originality in its internal and external sides. Inside, without having recourse to a new contractarianism, Leibniz justifies the subjects obedience to the sovereign by the regard he brings them and the safety he grants them. Outside, sovereignty retention, notwithstanding obedience to upper authority, allows, in its part, to account for federations constitution. The sovereingty concept neither making shift with trying to serve a prince's interests nor explaining the most various situations, concentrates Leibniz's political thought. Beyond its appeal to a parliamentary monarchy, it opens the irenic ways Leibniz will follow, rising from the states unity to their union. Invitation to visit again a neglected political thought, this concept breaks our certitudes : sovereignty would not be any longer in independencies rivalry, but in the balance of relationships. .
Gibier, Mathieu. "Fondation des lois du mouvement dans la "Dynamica De Potentia" de G. W. Leibniz : traduction et commentaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2012/document.
Full textThis memoir offers a translation and a detailed commentary of Leibniz’s posthumous work Dynamica de Potentia, composed in Latin in 1689-90 during his trip to Italy. A special attention has been cast to the structure of the arguments and to the numerous topics linking this treatise to Leibniz’s other works : non only his published texts about dynamics, but also his meditations about metaphysics and the foundation of mathematics. I have also tried to replace Leibnizian dynamics into the scientific context which has made its birth possible, comparing Leibniz’s methods both with those of his great predecessors, Archimedes, Galileo, Descartes, and with those of his great contemporaries, Wallis, Huygens, Newton. The first part, called “abstract dynamics”, mainly deals with mathematical issues requiring technical explanations and a frequent use of the calculus.One of the principal issues is indeed, how to extend calculus outside the boundaries of geometry and make it an appropriate tool to formalize mechanics. The second part of the treatise raises almost all the major questions attached to classical mechanics : the meaning of the laws of conservation and their harmony, the enigma of the cohesion of matter, the relativity of motion. It tried to elucidate them in the notes running besides Leibniz’s text, but also in longer analyses conceived as introductions or appendices to the chapters
Freitas, Jadson Alves de. "Substâncias e relações em Leibniz : inspirações metafísicas para o pensamento filosófico nos séculos XX e XXI." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17452.
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A questão sobre o que torna um sistema filosófico uma monadologia é esclarecedora e importante, uma vez que ajuda a entender algumas ideias e abre caminhos para maneiras alternativas de pensar a substancialidade, distinta das rotas norteadoras do pensamento ocidental, oriundas de Aristóteles e Descartes. Essa é a proposta deste trabalho: analisar as bases da monadologia de Leibniz como intuição para a formação de uma ideia geral sobre sistemas compostos por mônadas. Nesse âmbito, a concepção leibniziana das mônadas expressa uma rota específica na qual relações são anteriores às substâncias e tudo está conectado em um mundo onde a modalidade fundamental é a compossibilidade. Leibniz pensa suas mônadas organizadas de modo que cada uma, de certa maneira, prefigura todas as outras. No contraste com ele, as ideias de pensadores como Tarde, Whitehead, Latour, Schaffer e Quine, provam reter importantes elementos de uma monadologia enquanto rejeitam algumas dessas assunções específicas a Leibniz. Desse modo, elas permitem um diálogo conceitual com Leibniz, ao mesmo tempo indicando um outro caminho para a articulação dos pressupostos centrais de uma monadologia. O que emerge é uma monadologia em um sentido amplo que seria independente da maneira específica que Leibniz entendia suas mônadas. Cinco características fundamentais para a ideia de uma monadologia em geral são apresentadas e discutidas. Essas podem ser usadas para comparar diferentes sistemas de mônadas e posteriormente, entender melhor as opções concebidas por Leibniz. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The issue concerning what makes a philosophical system a monadology is both enlightening and important, for it sheds new light into some ideas and paves the way for alternative ways to think of substantiality, different from the Western thought guiding ways of Aristotle and Descartes. That is the aim of this work: to analyze the foundations of Leibniz’s monadology as intuition for the development of a general idea about systems composed of monads. In that respect, the Leibnizian conception of monads show a specific way in which relations are prior to substances and everything is connected together in a world where the fundamental modality is that of compossibility. Leibniz thinks of his monads as concerted, in a way that each one somehow prefigures all the others. In contrast to Leibniz, the ideas of thinkers such as Tarde, Whitehead, Latour, Schaffer, and Quine prove to retain important elements of a monadology while rejecting some of these assumptions specific to Leibniz. As such, they allow a conceptual dialogue with Leibniz, at the same time indicating another way for the articulation of the central tenets of a monadology. What emerges is a monadology in a broad sense that would be independent from the specific manner Leibniz understood his monads. Five characteristics, imperative to the idea of a monadology in general, are presented and discussed. These characteristics can be used to compare different systems of monads and, in turn, to further understand the options devised by Leibniz.
Roland, Jeanne. "Corps organique et constitution de l'individualité chez Leibniz." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100117.
Full textMy purpose is to appraise the oppositional capacities of the Leibnizian concept of organic body to the Cartesian dualism. The concept of organic body is crucial in thinking individuality. First I examine the metaphysical stance consisting in giving substantial forms to certain bodies, at the time when the concept of individual substance supported by the criticism of the res cogitans al well as that of the res extensa was coming to form. Looking at the typology of phenomena, crossing path with the typology of aggregates, leads to shed light on the relations between the individual substance and the corporeal reality. The Ego isn’t the res cogitans anymore, but isn’t a proper corporeal substance either. It’s its organic status, which is the natural condition shared by every creature, that constitutes within it the reason for the connection with other substances; this reason makes for its individuality. In 1695, the concept of machine of nature, specifying that of organic body, is contemporaneous with the “hypothèse des accords”. Body and soul aren’t so much two distinct substances than two points of view on the individual unity, such as it is achieved in the infinite composition of a machine of nature. We need to identify the nature of the transition from the individual substance to the simple substance or monad. This transition happened at the same time as the birth of the word “organism”: naturalization of the being, which is not to say that the monads are soul-like, but that they are necessarily articulated to the organic reality of a body. From then on, individuality, thought as a composition, revolves around a no-substantial reality: the organic reality
Bak, Je-Chul. "La structure et l’identité des êtres chez Leibniz." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040141.
Full textThis thesis is an exploration of the system and history of Leibniz’s philosophy. We hypothesize that our interpretation of the individual substance is relevant to his philosophical system. Different from the opinions of Russel and Clatterbaugh, we speculate that for Leibniz the individual substance is a bundle of its attributes. We endeavour to demonstrate the view and it shows the system of Leibniz's philosophy, that is, the totality of the relations of the Leibnizian doctrines: the structure of concepts and individuals ; the trans-world identity and the diachronic identity of the individual substance. Leibniz's philosophy, unlike Couturat suggested, has changed even after 1686. To demonstrate it, this thesis considers his doctrinal changes of the corporeal substance. It is to show that Leibniz’s philosophy is not only systematic but also historical
Debuiche, Valérie. "La notion d'expression chez Leibniz." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0008.
Full textNita, Adrian. "Métaphysique du temps chez Leibniz et Kant." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT5005.
Full textMoreira, Viviane de Castilho. "Contingência e análise infinita : estudo sobre o lugar do princípio de continuidade na filosofia de Leibniz." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2279.
Full textFranzon, Carmen Rosane Pinto [UNESP]. "A característica universal de Leibniz: contextos, trajetórias e implicações." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127773.
Full textDurante sua vida, Leibniz persegue o objetivo de criar uma Linguagem universal que comunique perfeitamente o pensamento e assim permita o conhecimento de todas as coisas. Segundo ele, a viabilidade da construção de tal linguagem deriva da convicção de que todo o conhecimento tem por base um número finito de conceitos básicos ou ideias simples que podem ser identificadas e estruturadas hierarquicamente. Em sua concepção para a elaboração de tal linguagem, é necessário: chegar às ideias simples; estipular um sistema adequado de signos -o que ele denomina Característica universal; e estabelecer as regras lógicas para compor ideias complexas -o que ele denomina Gramática racional. Delineamos então como objetivo central deste trabalho apresentar uma pesquisa sobreLinguagem universal e, em especial, sobre a Característica universal e investigar os caminhos percorridos por Leibniz nesta busca. Deste propósito decorrem como objetivos complementares: verificar de que forma Leibniz desenvolve suas pesquisas na Aritmética binária, uma materialização da Característica universal; e expor brevemente seus estudos relativos à Gramática racional. Para dar suporte...
During his life, Leibniz pursues the goal to create a universal language that perfectly communicates the thought and thus allows the knowledge of allthings. According to him, the viability to the construction of a universal language accrues from the fact that all the knowledge sustains itself on a finite number of basic concepts or simple ideas which can be identified and hierarchically structured. Inhis conceiving for the preparation of such language is necessary: defining the simple ideas; setting a proper system of signs -what he calls universal characteristic; and establishing the logical rules in order to compose complex ideas -or, as he's defined, rational grammar. We have defined the main goal of this paper as to present a survey on a universal language, in particular about theuniversal characteristicand to investigate the paths taken by Leibniz in this pursuit. From this purpose it courses the following secondary objectives: to verify how Leibniz develops his research in Binary Arithmetic, that consists on materialization of the universal characteristic; and briefly to present his rational grammar. To support our goal, we introduce some....
Bonilha, Alexandre da Cruz. "Do estilo filosofico de G. W. Leibniz." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269879.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta dissertação examina o prefácio de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 ¿ 1716) que trata do estilo de discurso adequado à Filosofia, intitulado Dissertação sobre o estilo filosófico de Mario Nizzoli, de 1670, quando Leibniz reedita a obra de Mario Nizzoli (1498 ¿ 1566) Sobre os verdadeiros princípios e o verdadeiro método de filosofar (de 1553). Neste trabalho, avalio a concepção de Leibniz de discurso filosófico e sua inerência à Retórica, à pureza e elegância da linguagem, concepção que se revela ao Leibniz aprovar o projeto de Nizzoli de restauração da eloqüência filosófica. Por outro lado, destaco também a oposição de Leibniz a Nizzoli, quando este responsabiliza Aristóteles ¿ vinculando-o a seus intérpretes escolásticos ¿, pela corrupção da eloqüência filosófica. Deste modo, Leibniz, partidário de Aristóteles, planeja reabilitá-lo, afastando-o da barbárie escolástica, sem com isso pender para o ciceronianismo renascentista de Nizzoli. Este trabalho tem como objetivos: I ¿ Apresentar as circunstâncias de produção da Dissertação sobre o estilo filosófico de Mario Nizzoli e da reedição da obra de Mario Nizzoli, bem como sua relação com o debate filosófico renascentista da eloqüência x barbárie; II ¿ Relacionar a Dissertação com o debate filosófico renascentista da eloqüência x barbárie; III ¿ Expor as propostas e conceitos da Dissertação; IV ¿ Analisar retoricamente a Dissertação; V ¿ Traduzir a Dissertação
Resumé: Cette dissertation examine l¿avant-propos de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716), qui porte sur le style de discours approprié à la Philosophie, intitulé Dissertation sur le style philosophique de Mario Nizzol, de 1670, quand Leibniz se charge de la réédition de l¿oeuvre de Mario Nizzoli (1498 ¿1566), Des vrais principes et de la vraie méthode de philosopher (1553). Dans ce travail, on apprécie la conception de Leibniz de discours philosophique et son inhérence à la Réthorique, la pureté et l¿élégance du langage. Cette conception se révèle par l¿approbation de la part de Leibniz du projet de Nizzoli qui a pour but la restauration de l¿éloquence philosophique. Par ailleurs, on relève aussi l¿opposition de Leibniz à Nizzoli dans la mesure où celui-ci accuse Aristote ? en l¿attachant à ses interprètes scolastiques ?de la corruption de l¿éloquence philosophique. Ainsi, Leibniz, partisan d¿Aristote, a l¿intention de réhabiliter celui-ci, en l¿écartant de la barbarie scolastique, sans pour cette raison pendre vers le cicéronisme renaissant de Nizzoli. Ce travail a pour but: I ¿ Présenter les circonstances de production de la Dissertation sur le style philosophique de Mario Nizzoli et de la réédition de l¿oeuvre de Mario Nizzoli; II ¿ Examiner la Dissertation au sein du débat philosophique à la Renaissance concernant la relation entre éloquence et barbarie; III ¿ Exposer les propos et les concepts de la Dissertation; IV ¿ Analyser réthoriquement la Dissertation; V ¿ Traduire la Dissertation
Mestrado
Teoria e Critica Literaria
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
Simon, Bertrand. "Sextus, César, Pierre et les autres. . . : traitements du singulier dans la philosophie de Leibniz." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040185.
Full textCroizer, Jacques. "Logique et devenir de Leibniz à Russel et à Poincaré : une contribution à l'histoire des relations entre la logique, les mathématiques et le temps." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0033.
Full textFleury, Jean-Matthias. "Forces et dispositions : l’ontologie dynamyste de Leibniz à l’épreuve des débats contemporains." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040062.
Full textThis work talks about the contemporary philosophy of dispositions, through a comparison with the leibnizian philosophy of force. It shows that most of the contemporary positions are probably fixed by the cartesian's and lockian's interpretations of the powers in physics, and that the leibnizian's interpretation is good enough to purpose some issues about the ontology, epistemology and semantics of the powers, without endorse the problems of the generality and the indetermination of dispositions. This work wants to show that it's possible to defend a realist interpretation of the powers like Leibniz did. It wants to clarify some questions about causality and legacy in physics, and discuss some of the interpretations of the contemporary results in physics in terms of propensions
Pelletier, Arnaud. "L'ordre des choses : catégories et définitions chez Leibniz." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040118.
Full textThis study deals with the way Leibniz constantly pursued the establishment of categories that would be worthy of the name under which he received them: that of orders of things. The main thread is to grasp how the categorial issue, whose stake is the institution of real definitions, does not meet only one single categorial doctrine, but rather indicates a program giving place to various conceptions of terms’ relationship to things. The first section reconstructs the evolution and singularity of the categorial designs from the combinatorial art onto the search for general terms (1666-1690). The second section examines the defense of categories and real definitions, partly unpublished, which Leibniz addresses to Gabriel Wagner (1690-1698). Lastly, the third section, also based on unpublished material, shows how the monadological turn demands to change the categorial reform itself in a transcendental doctrine of the thing (1695-1716)
Vagna, Rogério [UNESP]. "A geração da vida em Leibniz." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93141.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Partindo do sistema leibniziano e tomando como fio condutor a questão da geração da vida, pretendemos indicar os motivos filosóficos que levaram Leibniz a apoiar os biólogos pré-formacionistas do século XVII. A idéia de embutimento (ou encaixamento) de um novo ser dentro do seu progenitor, defendida pela teoria pré-formacionista, traz como que um exemplo do mundo monádico leibniziano, no qual todos os acontecimentos futuros, inclusive a geração de novos seres, foram já estabelecidos por Deus no momento da criação. As investigações microscópicas desenvolvidas por biólogos da época, especialmente por Leeuwenhoeck, descrevem um mundo até então desconhecido e trazem uma comprovação experimental da concepção teórica leibniziana.
Coming from the Leibniz`s system and taking as thread the question of the generation of the life, we intend to indicate the philosophical reasons that had taken Leibniz to support the preformationist biologists from the 17th century. The idea of inlaying (or fitting) of a new being into its ancestor, defended by the preformationist theory, brings an example about Leibniz`s monads world, in which all the future events, also the generation of new beings, already had been established by God at the moment of the creation. Microscopic researches developed by biologists at this time, especially by Leeuwenhoek, describe an unknown world until then, and bring an experimental evidence of Leibniz`s theoretical conception.
Bowden, Sean. "La priorité ontologique des événements dans la "Logique du sens" de Gilles Deleuze." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152360085#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine the way in which Deleuze affirms the ontological priority of events over substances in his 1969 work, "The Logic of Sense". In particular, the thesis analyses the way in which Deleuze grounds this affirmation by establishing a complex and 'structural' relation between the works representative of several of the philosophers and intellectual movements which Deleuze privileges in "The Logic of Sense", namely, the Stoics, Leibniz, Albert Lautman, Gilbert Simondon, Structuralism and Psychoanalysis. We will show Deleuze constructs a concept of the ontologically primitive event by extracting from the works of these thinkers, on the one hand, a number of event-related problems and, on the other hand, a system of concepts which are capable, with several important qualifications, of resolving these problems, and thus functioning as the elements of a concept of the event on which, in the final analysis, every substance depends. We conclude that the process of associating, ordering and bringing into relation the worldly events characterizing things in general – that is, of discovering the laws which govern them and of constructing their corresponding concepts – is itself an event, always already underway, which is produced in an intersubjective and linguistic context. This 'sense-event' can be described in terms of a moving structure of relations between events. Within this structure, events of all orders and levels determine one another to determine things in general, and without reference to some already given substance which would fix this structure from outside
Moreira, Edson Adriano 1981. "Leibniz versus Newton : sobre qualidades, milagres e leis da natureza." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281138.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Essa Tese analisa a controvérsia entre Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz e Isaac Newton acerca do estatuto adequado à gravitação universal newtoniana. Mais precisamente, ela procura esclarecer porque Leibniz critica a teoria newtoniana, acusando-a de postular um princípio milagroso ou uma qualidade oculta escolástica no domínio da filosofia natural, enquanto Newton, por sua vez, tentará defendê-la dessas críticas, afirmando ser a gravidade uma qualidade manifesta da matéria e o princípio que a expressa uma verdadeira lei da natureza. Para tanto, serão analisadas as cartas desses autores onde essas questões são pontualmente discutidas, quais sejam a Correspondência Leibniz-Clarke [1715-1716], a Correspondência Leibniz-Newton [1692-1693], a Carta de Leibniz a Hartsoeker [1711], a Carta de Newton ao editor das "Memoirs of Literature" [1712]; ademais, serão analisadas passagens importantes das três edições dos Princípios Matemáticos de Filosofia Natural [1687, 1713 e 1726], das cinco edições da Óptica [1704, 1706, 1717, 1721 e 1730 (edição póstuma)] e de alguns outros textos talvez menos conhecidos de Newton se comparados a estes dois, mas igualmente fundamentais para um bom entendimento das suas réplicas a Leibniz, a saber, a Carta de Newton a Bentley [1692], a Carta de Newton a Cotes [1713], a resenha que Newton publica anonimamente nas Philosophical Transactions da Royal Society sob o título de "An Account of the Book Entituled Commercium Epistolicum" [1714-1715] e uma "Conclusio" projetada por Newton para fazer parte da primeira edição dos Princípios Matemáticos de Filosofia Natural, a qual ele acabou não incluindo na versão final deste texto de 1687, mas que deu origem às considerações do famoso Escólio Geral, inserido na obra partir da sua segunda edição em 1713. Todo esse trabalho deverá, ainda, levar em conta os métodos e as entidades explicativas admitidos no panorama geral da ciência nos séculos XVI e XVII
Abstract: This Thesis analyzes the controversy between Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac Newton regarding the adequate statute to the Newtonian universal gravitation. More precisely, it tries to elucidate why Leibniz criticizes the Newtonian theory, accusing him of postulating a miraculous principle or a scholastic occult quality in the domain of Natural Philosophy, whereas Newton advocates his theory and protects it from such reviews claiming that gravity is a manifest quality of the matter and that the principle which expresses it is a true law of nature. To conduct this work, letters and texts written by these authors discussing such issues will be analyzed: The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence [1715-1716]; The Leibniz-Newton Correspondence [1692-1693]; The Letter from Leibniz to Hartsoeker [1711]; and The Letter from Newton to the Editor of the "Memoirs of Literature" [1712]. Besides these letters, other important texts will be studied: passages from three editions of the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy [1687, 1713 and 1726]; passages from five editions of the Optics [1704, 1706, 1717, 1721 and 1730 (a posthumous edition)]; and some other Newton¿s texts perhaps not as well-known as the other two, but equally fundamental for a good understanding of the author¿s replies addressed to Leibniz: The Letter from Newton to Bentley [1692], The Letter from Newton to Cotes [1713], the review Newton published anonymously in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society under the title of "An Account of the Book Entituled Commercium Epistolicum" [1714-1715] and a "Conclusio" projected by Newton to be part of the first edition of the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, which he did not include in the final version of this text from 1687, but which was the origin to the considerations presented in the famous General Scholium, appended to his work since its second edition in 1713. It should also be mentioned that this Thesis will take into consideration the methods and the explanatory entities admitted in the general panorama of science of the XVI and XVII centuries
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia
Andrault, Raphaële. "La vie et le vivant. Physologie et métaphysique chez Spinoza et Leibniz." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0076.
Full textThe importance of life and living beings has been often seen as a characteristic feature of Spinozism and Leibnizianism : in this respect, these philosophies would distance themselves clearly from Cartesian thought. How are we to understand, then, the fact that one does not find either in Spinoza or in Leibniz the extensive physiological developments one finds in Descartes ? Is it possible that a "biological" thought does not integrate a comprehensive explanation of the functioning of animated bodies ? Answering these questions requires first and foremost understanding the evolution of the medical knowledge at Spinoza an Leibniz's time : we have to determine the nature of medical phenomena described by the naturalists, to elaborate the new problems depending on them , and to show the doctrinal choices by wich the scientists decided to address these problems. To underline the ability of Spinoza and Liebniz to account for living beings, it is necessary first to establish the precise meanings of "life", "orgnanism" or "animated bodies" in the late seventeenth century. Thus, a history of sciences and ideas is required to avoid prejuding either the singularity of a position or the universality o the problems. This will allow us to relate the Spinozist and Leibnizian conceptions of mind to their adoption of the "negative heurisitc" of mechanism
Timmermans, Benoît. "Descartes, Leibniz et le renversement de l'analyse à l'âge de la révolution scientifique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212648.
Full textProyart, Jean-Baptiste de. "Madeleine de Scudéry et la philosophie : de Descartes à Leibniz." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010568.
Full textMadeleine de Scudéry is an anticartesian who denounced descartes, his scepticism and his epicurianism. She is able to accuse him of having written a "roman de la nature" only because she has for a long time ago conceived a determinate notion of fiction that she shared with Leibniz. She is also anticartesian in drawing the same conclusions than the augustinian mecanism. The human nature itself is part of the order and love is disconnected from God's alterity. During the 1680's, sapho condemned the pure love of the mystics. Her attitudes and theories of the 1680's (against descartes, the quietism, the epicurianism and other matters) could in fact be derivated from her early antimysticism of the 1650's. The history of philosophy can indeed not be split from the one of spirituality
Devaux, Michael. "L'avancement de la métaphysique réelle selon Leibniz : nomenclature et réalité de la métaphysique leibnizienne après l'inter italicum." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040224.
Full textIn 1694, Leibniz published the De Primae Philosophiae Emendatione which he himself translated into french as Reflections on Advancement of Real Metaphysics. . . This way of referring to metaphysics can indeed be taken seriously. Is real metaphysics the same as true metaphysics? What about the relationship between his advancement and those of Bacon and Glanvill? Advancement only conveys the idea of progress involved in emendatio, not that of correction, which is conveyed in the notion of real metaphysics. In order to show that real metaphysics is an appellation of metaphysics, we must first explain how it is an advancement upon, and a correction of first philosophy (Descartes) and ontology (modern scholasticism). The first appearance and development of ontology (1606-1716) is presented, as are the relations between Leibniz and thirty authors (Lorhardus, Hojerus, Goclenius, etc. ); as well as the three texts in which Leibniz used ontology. The conceptual aspects of real metaphysics are studied within all the texts in all circunstances in which the syntagma occurs (1691-1716). The next question is: what about reality in real metaphysics? The answer focuses on the three metaphysical inventions accepted by Kant in Leibniz: the real point (and the living mirror), the principle of reason, and harmony. Lastly, we analyse the conception of reality in Leibniz: in opposition (real/imaginary/ideal), in composition (perfection being a degree of reality, the reality of possibles) and in supposition (no reality without unity). We conclude that real metaphysics is a metaphysics of realisation because there's no completion and because it's about existiturientia
Makhoukh, Abdennbi. "Essai sur l'espace et le temps chez Newton et Leibniz." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010596.
Full textAnfray, Jean-Pascal. "Temps, prescience et contingence : Leibniz et ses antécédents scolastiques." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040185.
Full textThis work deals with three related philosophical problems : logical fatalism, the dilemma of divine foreknowledge and human freedom, and the ground of providence. These questions are handled through the analysis of Leibniz and some of his precursors, most notably the Jesuits. We insist on Leibniz's twofold attitude – of both continuity and rupture – toward the scholastic tradition. In the light of these general questions, other concepts, like the interpretation of modalities, the nature of time and its relation to eternity, etc. We adopt an analytical method according to which the rational reconstruction of arguments is preferred to the presentation of philosophical systems. From an historical point of view, this work tries to account for the way perennial philosophical topics found their birth place in theologically orientated discussions. This is especially clear in the case of an understanding of counterfactuals and the device of possible worlds in modal theory: both topics receive an original treatment in the context of the theory of Middle knowledge
Jouin, Pierre. "La logique de l'inhérence et la structure des emboîtements à l'infini chez Leibniz." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040065.
Full textLèbre, Jérôme. "Hegel et la critique de l'analyse." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010582.
Full textAnalysis is generally considered to be a minor moment in the hegelian method. It assumes, however, a strange role in the overall hegelian system. This activity, which decomposes any representation, object or concept, initiates the false starts and false movements of reflexion, but it also helps the logical condensation of anthropological achievements, thus revealing the appropriation of the external world by a living subject, able to reach knowledge. It offers finally a specific view on dialectics itself. This study tries to make clear the relationships between several well known couples (analysis and synthesis of course, but also representative and empirical analysis, analytical judgment and analytical method, finite and infinite analysis) emphasizing various dialogues between hegel and other philosophers (especially Locke, Leibniz, Kant and Bergson). Two paradoxes are accorded particular attention. First, analysis is so immanent that it accounts for its objects by a series of identical propositions, and so explains nothing. Secondly, it is so formal that it seems to be valuable for any kind of object, even if it denatures the singularity of each. One can see how hegel, by articulating logic and method, grounds these paradoxes on the real genesis of knowledge, how he justifies them as useful in the fight against unsplittable totalities, and finally how he gets around them both by showing that rather than bringing out abstract characteristics, infinite analysis selects moments when works account for their authors, or points where individual, free and necessary decisions are expressed
Serfati, Michel. "La constitution de l'écriture symbolique mathématique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01067A.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the description of the establishment of mathematical symbolic writing, primarily achieved with descartes' geometrie 'to examine some transcendental figures of knowledge organized by the new system,finally to analyse the part of the new symbolic in inventing and creating objects. The first part le systeme depicts the birth of the symbolic, organizing two registers,combinatoric's and meaning's. All was in fact achieved between 1591 and 1637, vieta's isagoge and descartes' geometrie we describe from diphantus to cardan the previous systems,such as cossic's and vieta's use of letters. Descartes'contribution was conclusive with three points : symbolic punctuation,cartesian exponential,and the loop ('sign for equality'). The second part symbolique et invention is primarily organized around leibniz and his discovery in 1676 of newton's epistola prior containing a lot of combinatoric and meaningful questions. The chapter characteristique et nouveau calcul describes leibniz creating his fundamental algorithme, primarily by means of 'combinatoric playing'with substitutions,apart from any signification. In l'art combinatoire. Substitutions et metamorphoses, the concept is extended,so as to reach its modern form: tool for mathematical invention,anchored in the symbolic. Formes sans significations finally depicts a meta-procedure for building up objets from their form,initially analysed in the correspondance of 1676 between leibniz and newton,then in the creation of the field of complex numbers,thus resolving bombelli's riddle of 'imaginary quantities'. We examine some accomplishments of this usual epistemological scheme in euler's work (complex exponential and new 'factorial'),in some recent questions (distributions of l. Schwartz),as well as in a personal example
Rösler-Le, Van Claire. "Negotium irenicum : les tentatives d'union des Églises protestantes de G.W. Leibniz et D.E. Jablonski." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040050.
Full textThe first volume of our thesis presents a commented translation of the correspondence between the philosopher G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) and the theologian D. E. Jablonski (1660-1741), centred on their participation to a negotium irenicum between the Reformed Court of Berlin and the Lutherian Court of Hanover (1697-1706, with a brief resumption in 1716). The second volume presents a commented translation of the main texts written during these union attempts. The correspondence allows to set the negotium irenicum in its historical context and to understand its political, methodological and ethical stakes. The irenical texts try to harmonise the controversial doctrines on the Last Supper and the predestination
Berghorn, Rickard. "En värld av geometri och rörelse : Ontologi och multiversum i Emanuel Swedenborgs Principia, i jämförelse med Leibniz." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-187602.
Full textRauzy, Jean-Baptiste. "La théorie leibnizienne de la vérité : origines scolastiques et prolongements métaphysiques." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010522.
Full textIn order to explain Leibniz's theory of truth, the author chose to work according to a genealogical method. For each argument, even the most popular, the author tried to find the important moments of its creation, dating back to the texts of leibniz's youth. The genealogical method was also employed in an external way : the leibnizian fragments are confronted to older texts, the meaning of fundamental concepts is explained through the heritage of medieval and post-medieval scolastics. Throughout this approach, this work is the first ever devoted to leibniz logics in its integrality. It continuates what massimo mugnai already discovered about the logics of relations. The main arguments may be summarized this way : 1) Leibniz argues in favour of conceptualism. 2) This position implies a particular kind of ontologic engagement, in which consists mainly the suarezian heritage of leibnizian metaphysics. 3) One of the consequences of the conceptualism is the development of a intensional logics. This logics is not incompatible with the concept of class. 4) The intensional logics requires that an ontologic status be deserved to universals. 6) It has obliged leibniz to broaden the meaning of the fundamental logic relation, so that the inherence has become more and more a simple connexion. 7) The chapter 3 constitutes an attempt of evaluation of leibniz's ontology, which uses the tradition of the ontological square. It is demonstrated that leibniz meant to keep the two dimensions of ontology, while criticizing dramatically the notion of accident and profoundly modifying the fundamental relations of inherence and predication
Silva, Juliana Cecci. "Desconstrução da metafísica da linguagem e retradução dos capítulos 1, 2 e 3 do "Des Mots" de Leibniz." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/17160.
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À luz do pensamento do rastro de Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), da desconstrução, e de nossa experiência com a leitura e a tradução de textos da Filosofia da Linguagem, sobretudo os do alemão Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), pretendemos apresentar algumas teses filosóficas (etimológicas e filológicas) de Leibniz sobre a questão da natureza da linguagem que contribuíram para a formação da Linguística Histórico-Comparativa e, do ponto de vista de Derrida, das teorias logocêntricas da Tradução. Teorias fundadas na busca pelo "sentido", isso é, em uma metafísica da linguagem. Para ilustrar tais considerações, apoiados nos fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos do tradutor Antoine Berman (1942-1991), em particular nos desenvolvidos em seu La Traduction et la Lettre ou l'alberge du lointain (2007), em primeiro lugar, faremos a "analítica" de alguns trechos da primeira tradução brasileira da obra Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain, par l'auteur du système de l'harmonie préetablie ( (1765) - do primeiro capítulo do livro III, o Des Mots, para sermos mais específicos - a fim de explicitar o "sistema de deformação" da "letra" que aí opera; em seguida, proporemos uma segunda tradução dos três capítulos iniciais, ou melhor, uma "retradução". Trata-se de capítulos em que Leibniz tece importantes considerações sobre os aspectos "materiais" da natureza da linguagem. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In light of the thought of Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) trace, of the deconstruction, and of our experience with the reading and the translating texts of the philosophy of the language, especially those of the German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), we intend to presente some philosophical (etymological and philological) theses of Leibniz on the subject of the language’s nature that contributed to the formation of the Historical-comparative Linguistics and, from the Derrida’s point of view, to the logocentric theories of translation. Theories founded on the search for “the signification”, i.e., on a metaphysics of the language. To illustrate such considerations, supported by the theoretical and methodological foundations of the translator Antoine Berman (1942-1991), particularly in those developed in his La Traduction et la Lettre ou l’Alberge du lointain (2007), first, in order to explain the “letter’s system of deformation” that operates there, we will make the “analytical” of some passages of the first Brazilian translation of the work Nouveaux essais sur l’entendement humain, par l’auteur du système de l’harmonie préétablie (1765) – the first chapter of the book III, Des Mots, to be more specific –; after that, we will propose a second translation of the three initials chapters, or better, a “retranslation”. These are chapters in which Leibniz weaves important considerations about the “material” aspects of the nature of language.
Zhong, Xinzi. "A reconstruction of Zhū Xī's religious philosophy inspired by Leibniz: the natural theology of heaven." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/112.
Full textLatour-Derrien, Annick. "Logique du probable et épistémologie dans les "Essais de théodicée" de Leibniz." Thèse, Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040276.
Full textI have studied the Essais de théodicée by G. W. Leibniz, in order to describe the method theorized and used in the theological epistemology. The preliminary Discours establishes that demonstrative logic is sufficient to defend mysteries, so that the theological use of reason is secured. This position puts Leibniz in the dialectic role of the respondens. Yet, in practice, the method used in the Théodicée is not only refutative, or negative - nor is it strictly demonstrative: the text is not only founded on the optimistic demonstration, which proves the world's optimality, but also elaborates partial positive proofs, a supererogatio that I have connected with the theory of probable logic. The epistemology of faith and mysteries, which appear as non probable, points up the foundation of belief - the motives of credibility, which are probable and rational, though not strictly demonstrative, and which partly underlie the presumption of the truth of religion. Leibniz tends to give a rational translation for the Christian concepts: for miracles and grace, but also for the question of evil, the most discussed mystery in the Théodicée. After a review of the type of text as exoteric essays and a historical survey on probability, I examined the attempts of a probable method applicable to theology in Leibniz. Follows a methodological characterization of the concepts of mystery and faith. Finally, in the Théodicée, I found some probable arguments in support of divine justice, in addition to and converging with the optimistic demonstration - for instance, the position on damnation and the myth of Sextus
Fauvergue, Claire. "Diderot et la philosophie de l'inquiétude." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20049.
Full textFichant, Michel. "Recherches leibniziennes : études d'histoire de la philosophie de la connaissance." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010691.
Full textThe whole of the various works which are presented involves : I. Two critical editions with notes and historical as philosophical commentaries : 1. G. W. Leibniz : de l'horizon de la doctrine humaine et apokatastasis panton (la restitution universelle), followed by an essay : "plus ultra", Paris, 1991. 2. G. W. Leibniz : la "Réforme de la dynamique". Le "De corporum concursu" (1678), Paris, 1993. II. A collection of papers recherches leibniziennes (1971-1993), divided in three sections : 1. The formation of dynamics. This section (6 titles) is focused on the interpretation of de corporum concursu (1678), where Leibniz has for the first time admitted the definition of force in terms of mv2, and allows to follow the genesis of leibnizian natural philosophy from 1671 to 1680. 2. Dynamics and metaphysics. 4 Papers are treating of some aspects of the metaphysical interpretation developped by leibniz himself of his dynamics in the maturity works. 3. Logico-metaphysical studies. 3 papers are setting off the dependance of leibnizian logic towards the ontological presuppositions of the system and are examining his theory of demonstration in the light of logicists and formalists conceptions. Iii. A smaller collection of papers quatre etudes d'histoire de la philosophie de la connaissance. The subject-matters of those are : the cartesian theory of knowledge from the regulae to the dioptrique, the interpretation of the beginnings of modern science gived by Ernst Cassirer, and the physical theology of maupertuis
Sita, Patrícia Coradim. "Leibniz contra o vazio : a relação entre a teoria das substâncias e o conceito de espaço." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4779.
Full textIn order to understand the concepts of space and matter in the physics of Leibniz we should consider the metaphysical concept of substance. Such is the fundamental hypothesis of our inquiry. The problem is to conciliate the mechanical causality with an universe consisting of immaterial simple substances. Taking into account the principles of Leibniz s cosmology, the dynamic conception of substance, the refutation of the vacuum, the continuum and the infinite, the matter appears to be an aspect of the substance susceptible of infinite divisibility, without thereby invalidating the indestructibility and unity of substance. From this it arises that the space is full and relational.
A hipótese fundamental da nossa investigação é que há uma relação de dependência entre os conceitos de espaço e matéria e a metafísica leibniziana centrada na substância, o que implica a importância dessa metafísica para a compreensão da física de Leibniz. A partir da relação entre esses conceitos entende-se sua posição perante problemas de ordem metafísica e sobretudo física. Do ponto de vista metafísico, vem à tona o tradicional problema da conciliação entre o uno e o múltiplo. Do ponto de visto físico, o problema é aliar a explicação mecanicista dos fenômenos a um universo constituído de substâncias simples imateriais. Para entender como os conceitos de espaço e matéria dependem do conceito de substância foi tomada uma linha de análise específica. Primeiro, era preciso esclarecer os princípios constituintes da cosmologia de Leibniz; em seguida, sua concepção dinâmica de matéria, a refutação do vazio, o continuum e o infinito. A partir daí, a substância define-se sob perspectivas diversas que respondem a problemas diferentes, mas cujas soluções não são incompatíveis. Leibniz busca na dinâmica a determinação física da substância: de sujeito lógico passa a ser concebida como força. Através do dinamismo, a matéria pode ser concebida como um aspecto da substância que admite infinita divisibilidade, sem que isso invalide a indestrutibilidade e unidade das substâncias; em função dessa matéria, há o espaço pleno e relacional.
Konno, Ryoko. "L’abstrait et le concret dans la physique de Leibniz à l’époque de Mayence." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL023.
Full textIn this present work, we study the meaning of the abstract and the concrete in Leibniz's physics at the time of Mainz (1668–1672 March). Through his hylomorphism, Leibniz seeks to consider how to apply the concept of action to the body. In this perspective, his search for physics consists of two points: 1/ the search for the specific meaning of the substantiality of the body; 2/ the search for the extension of the use of action – these are essential subjects in his theology –. Thus understood, his reflection in the abstract theory show that the main concepts in his theory of motion - size, figure and movement - sont analysed according to the specific use in each context in which they appear. Thanks to this research, Leibniz receives the concept of the conatus by Hobbes. These reflections prepare the abstract side of his physics. During this process, Leibniz is also interested in the sensitivity of the human being. This subject is related both to the search for the fundamental nature of the human mind and to the phenomenality of the corporeal world. From there, Leibniz opened the way for the search for the sensitive phenomenon in physics, which constitutes the concrete side of his physics. With all this research, Leibniz founded his first two treatises in physics, which are divided into abstract theory and concrete theory. To integrate abstract and concrete into physics, Leibniz uses the concept of oeconomia. This shows that young Leibniz is seeking to establish physics, which is rooted in his metaphysics, but which is autonomous as a science
Crépon, Marc. "Le problème de la diversité humaine : enquête sur la caractérisation des peuples et la constitution des géographies de l'esprit de Leibniz a Hegel." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100112.
Full textThis inquiry focuses on the constitution of the characteristics of peoples as a component of the philosophical discourse, mainly in Germany and in France, from Leibniz to Hegel. First we take notice of their ordinary violence and search for its justification. Thus we try to establish a typology of the ideas or representations of human diversity, as patterns of rational justification for the characterization. There are 5 patterns. The first concerns the production of a model of mankind: the enlightenment. The second is a vindication and a pluralistic promotion of singular identities (mainly herder). The third elaborates a Cosmo political point of view on diversity (Kant). The fourth implies the choice of one national charge of a universal mission that is to enlighten or to save all others. The last is the design of a systematic exposition of the whole diversity, so-called exhaustive and objective. Following this topology, we conclude that if philosophy ventures and at times gets lost in the mazes of such characterization, it is only in order to reconcile the experience of diversity (of languages, manners and religions) and the confirmation of the universality of its appeal and address
Nolasco, Fábio Mascarenhas 1984. "A suspensão qualitativa da quantidade : a crítica de Hegel ao paradigma matemático da ciência moderna." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281203.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Foi o objetivo do presente trabalho apresentar os pressupostos histórico-filosóficos da crítica de Hegel ao cálculo infinitesimal, bem como acompanhar de perto praticamente todos os aspectos dessa crítica, tal como ela se apresenta no capítulo intermediário da Doutrina do Ser da Ciência da Lógica. A primeira tarefa, pois, foi levada a cabo através da análise interpretativa de três capítulos da Fenomenologia do Espírito (Força e Entendimento, Consciência de Si e a primeira subdivisão do capítulo da Razão), bem como através de um confrontamento com alguns aspectos da filosofia de Kant (a doutrina das grandezas negativas), Fichte e Schelling. Buscou-se mostrar como faltava à filosofia transcendental um conceito não quantitativo da qualidade em decorrência de uma proximidade fundamental à maneira tal como Leibniz inventara o cálculo infinitesimal. Além disso, coube observar como já na Fenomenologia do Espírito o tema da crítica ao cálculo infinitesimal se faz notar de maneira notável, preparando (no Força e Entendimento) e concluindo (na Observação da Natureza) o conceito dialético da consciência de si. A segunda tarefa foi, por sua vez, levada a cabo através de uma leitura minunciosa dos capítulos da Qualidade e da Quantidade da Ciência da Lógica, onde se pode mostrar como os temas trazidos à tona de maneira introdutória na Fen. do Espírito eram então consumados nas duas versões da obra máxima do método dialético especulativo hegeliano. Um confrontamento radical com a filosofia de Leibniz foi, portanto, uma das principais linhas de força do presente esforço. Nisso, mostrou-se igualmente necessário elaborar, a partir de Hegel, uma reconstrução dos contornos históricos que guiaram as práticas matemáticas infinitesimais desde Pitágoras até Cauchy, bem como propor, para além de Hegel, baseando-se porém, em seu diagnóstico, alguns prognósticos a respeito do desenvolvimento da análise matemática nos sécs. XIX e XX
Abstract: It was the goal of the present work to elucidate the historic-philosophical presuppositions of Hegel¿s critique of infinitesimal calculus and to follow very closely the way in which this critique was effectively carried forth in the intermediary chapter of the Doctrine of Being of the Science of Logic. The first of these two tasks was approached by an interpretative analysis of three chapters of the Phenomenology of Spirit (Force and Understanding, Self-consciousness and the first of the subdivisions of Reason: Observation of Nature), just as by a confrontation with some aspects of Kant¿s philosophy (the doctrine of the negative magnitudes) and the further developments of this conceptual starting point in the philosophies of Fichte and Schelling. By doing so it was attempted to show how the transcendental philosophy, due to a fundamental binding to the manner with which Leibniz had invented infinitesimal calculus, lacked a non-quantitative concept of quality; furthermore, it was aimed at showing how the theme of infinitesimal calculus critique can be observed, already in the Phenomenology of Spirit, as noticeably preparing (in Force and Understanding) and essentially resolving (in Observation of Nature) the dialectical concept of self-consciousness. The second task was, on its turn, carried forth by a detailed reading of the chapters Quality and Quantity of the Science of Logic, through which it became possible to show how the themes brought to light in an introductory manner in the Phenomenology of Spirit were then resolved in the two versions of the first volume of the most important work of Hegel¿s speculative dialectics. A radical confrontation with the philosophy of Leibniz was, therefore, one of the main red-lines of the present enterprise. In this regard, it became equally necessary to elaborate, departing from Hegel, a reconstruction of the outlines of the historical development of mathematical infinitesimal praxis from Pythagoras to Cauchy, just as propounding ¿ now beyond the scope of Hegel¿s diagnosis, but essentially based upon it ¿ some observations regarding the development of mathematical analysis in the 19th and 20th centuries
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia
McDonald, James Damian. "L' Immortalité de l'âme dans la conception religieuse de Maximilien Robespierre : l'influence des idées leibniziennes sur le culte de l'Etre suprême de 1794." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/MCDONALD_James_Damian_2007.pdf.
Full textWe hold that Robespierre was a true theologian in his cult of the Supreme Being, instituted by the National Convention in may 1794 and practised as the state religion until july 1794. Robespierre is universally considered to be a disciple of Rousseau. Yet in many areas he more closely followed Leibniz. In Leibniz and Robespierre, we see forms of argument which are general rather then particular, a strong preference for a metaphysical expression of politics, the importance of the concept of an eternal, natural and universal justice, the absolute necessity of the concept of personal immortality, and univocal language about God and humankind. Robespierre is therefore the instigator of a real religion offering a vision of eternal and natural justice, grounded in personal immortality. This is a Leibnizian enterprise