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Academic literature on the topic 'Gourara'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gourara"

1

Bisson, J. "Gourara." Encyclopédie berbère, no. 21 (September 1, 1999): 3188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1770.

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Ebbighausen, V., J. Bockwinkel, D. Korn, and D. Weyer. "Early Tournaisian ammonoids from Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria)." Fossil Record 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-7-133-2004.

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A small ammonoid fauna, of probable middle Early Tournaisian age, is described from the Gara el Kahla near Timimoun, Gourara, Algerian Sahara. The following taxa are described: <i>Acutimitoceras algeriense</i> n. sp., <i>Acutimitoceras sinulobatum</i> n. sp., <i>Acutimitoceras</i> sp. A, <i>Hasselbachia gourara</i> n. sp., <i>Gattendorfia jacquelinae</i> n. sp., <i>Gattendorfia</i> cf. <i>crassa</i> Schmidt. 1924, <i>Kahlacanites</i> n. gen., <i>Kahlacanites meyendorfi</i> n. sp., <i>Kahlacanites mariae</i> n. sp., and <i>Kahlacanites timimounensis</i> n. sp. <br><br> Eine kleine Ammonoideenfauna mit wahrscheinlich mittlerem Untertournai-Alter von der Gara el Kahla bei Timimoun (Gourara, Algerische Sahara) wird untersucht. Die folgenden Taxa warden beschrieben: <i>Acutimitoceras algeriense</i> n. sp., <i>Acutimitoceras sinulobatum</i> n. sp., <i>Acutimitoceras</i> sp. A, <i>Hasselbachia gourara</i> n. sp., <i>Gattendorfia jacquelinae</i> n. sp., <i>Gattendorfia</i> cf. <i>crassa</i> Schmidt, 1924, <i>Kahlacanites</i> n. gen., <i>Kahlacanites meyendorffi</i> n. sp., <i>Kahlacanites mariae</i> n. sp. und <i>Kahlacanites timimounensis</i> n. sp. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20040070107" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20040070107</a>

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Boualem, Remini, Achour Bachir, and Kechad Rabah. "The Foggara: A Traditional System Of Irrigation In Arid Regions." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0011.

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Abstract This article discusses the traditional irrigation system in the oases of Touat, Gourara and Tidikelt. Since centuries, farmers use the system of foggaras for irrigation of palm groves and gardens. The results obtained following the inquiries and investigations carried out on the sites of foggaras, showed that since the eighties, drilling works multiplied in the oases of Touat, Gourara and Tidikelt. However, despite the application of these new techniques of water catchment, farmers still irrigate their gardens by traditional methods. For social, economic and environmental problems, foggaras degrade more and more; 50% of the foggaras decayed. Currently, the discharge of foggaras in service greatly diminished. The adoption of modern catchment techniques entails to the lowering of the water table.

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Ebbighausen, Volker, Jürgen Bockwinkel, Dieter Korn, and Dieter Weyer. "Early Tournaisian ammonoids from Timimoun (Gourara, Algeria)." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 7, no. 1 (October 10, 2004): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860070107.

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Remini, Boualem, Cherrif Rezoug, and Saaed Hamoudi. "The Saoura Foggaras: Degradation of Hydraulic System Millennium Case of Beni Abbes, Ouakda, Beni Ounif and Lahmar (Algeria)." GeoScience Engineering 63, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2017-0010.

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AbstractIn this article, we studied, for the first time, the foggaras of Saoura. Five missions were carried out in the oases of Kerzaz, Lahmar, Boukais, Beni Ounif, Ouakda, and Beni Abbes during the years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The first results showed that there was a difference between the foggaras of Touat and those of Saoura. The galleries of Saoura are much shorter than those of Touat and Gourara. On the contrary, the distribution of water from the Touat and Gourara foggaras is carried out per unit volume, whereas from the Saoura foggaras per unit time. The foggaras we visited are practically in a degraded condition. The contribution of modern technology (pumps and wells) in the oases of Saoura is the principal cause of the decline of the hydraulic system millennium.

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6

Bellil, Rachid. "Les Zénètes du Gourara, leurs saints et l'ahellil." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 11 (August 31, 2000): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.7977.

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Bellil, Rachid. "Agents religieux du Gourara et Ahellil à travers quelques récits." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 12 (December 31, 2000): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.7898.

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Mahrour, Illili. "Contribution à l’élaboration d’une typologie "umranique" des ksour dans le Gourara." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 51-52 (June 30, 2011): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.12766.

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Bendjelid, Abed. "Ouled Saïd, palmeraie du Gourara : développement local et reproduction d’une société traditionnelle." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 51-52 (June 30, 2011): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.12554.

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10

Ebbighausen, Volker, Dieter Korn, and Jürgen Bockwinkel. "The ammonoids from the Dalle àMerocanitesof Timimoun (Late Tournaisian-Early Viséan; Gourara, Algeria)." Fossil Record 13, no. 1 (February 2010): 153–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200900011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gourara"

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Moussaoui, Abderrahmane. "Hydraulique et évolution économique au Gourara." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN21005.

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Bellil, Rachid. "Traditions orales, mémoire collective et rapport au passé chez les Zénètes du Gourara (Sahara algérien)." Paris, INALCO, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INAL0014.

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Otmane, Tayeb. "Mise en valeur agricole et dynamiques rurales dans le Touat, le Gourara et le Tidikelt (Sahara algérien)." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1038.

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Le Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt est un très vaste espace, qui occupe près du quart la superficie du Sahara algérien. Il fait partie intégrante de la zone la plus aride du monde, aux contraintes naturelles particulièrement difficiles. Cet espace connu comme le « Pays des foggaras » était savamment exploité, depuis plus d’un millénaire, par les oasiens qui profitaient de la dynamique économique impulsée par le commerce transsaharien. L’organisation sociale et spatiale séculaire de ces trois sous-ensembles s’est trouvée fortement bouleversée par la colonisation durant la première moitié du siècle dernier et par l’action volontariste et les politiques d’intégration de l’Etat indépendant depuis 1962. Ces mutations se sont accompagnées d’une croissance démographique particulièrement soutenue. Dans cette zone se juxtaposent actuellement deux systèmes agricoles, le premier, traditionnel, fondé sur l’irrigation par foggaras et le second issu d’un projet d’aménagement rural (la mise en valeur agricole), plus récent et utilisant des moyens modernes d’exploitation. Les deux systèmes se sont mutuellement influencés pour aboutir à des mutations spatiales prégnantes et à une recomposition sociale globale en partie due à l’émergence de nouveaux acteurs. L’interaction de ces deux systèmes, conjuguée à l’ouverture du marché du travail et la tendance des ménages oasiens à la pluriactivité a engagé le « Pays des foggaras » dans un processus de transformations multiformes d’ampleur variable et de temporalités différentes qui ont participé à renouveler en profondeur la ruralité saharienne, dans le contexte d’une urbanisation rapide de la population. Dès lors, se pose aujourd’hui la question essentielle de la pérennité, de la durabilité, de ces systèmes agricoles oasiens. Dans le cadre du développement saharien, fondé en grande partie sur les hydrocarbures, donc sur une économie extravertie, le choix politique d’un soutien à l’agriculture saharienne offre de réelles potentialités d’un développement local mené par et pour les populations sahariennes. Sur le plan économique, seule une rentabilité avérée permettra leur maintien, notamment par une insertion croissante dans les réseaux marchands nationaux. Néanmoins, leur poids dans les économies locales leur confère un réel rôle d’amortisseur, voire de moteur du développement. Socialement, la ruralité saharienne est empreinte de symboles identitaires liés aux pratiques agricoles, comme elle s’organise encore largement autour des rythmes agraires. Cependant, l’urbanisation massive au Sahara réinterroge aujourd’hui en profondeur ces héritages. Enfin, en termes environnementaux, l’aspect non renouvelable des ressources hydrauliques soulève là encore des problématiques centrales quant à la pérennité des nouveaux systèmes agricoles
The Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt’s area, known as the “foggara’s land”, represents a quarter of Algerian Sahara, which is a part of one of the most arid area in the world. It was exploited for more than a millennium by the oases’ populations involved in the trans- Saharan trade. The socio-spatial organisation of the area was deeply affected by the French colonization during the first part of the XXe century and after 1962 by the Algerian policies based on spatial integration and economic development. In this area, two agricultural systems currently exist. The first one, is a traditional system based on the foggara’s irrigation, the second one emerged in the 1980’s throughout the rural landplaning projects and is based on modern agricultural practices and technologies. Those systems influenced each other and came to socio-spatial mutations partly due to the apparition of new actors. Those mutations combined with the gradual urbanisation of Sahara, the reorganization of the labour market and the trend to develop economic pluriactivity in oases, tend to deeply modify the Saharan rurality in the Touat-Gourara-Tidikelt’s land. Thus, the sustainability of these Saharan’s agricultural patterns deserves, nowadays, to be questioned and reconsidered. The Algerian development is based for its largest part on Saharan’s hydrocarbons, basically, the oases’ people don’t derive that much a profit from this extrovert economy. Inversely, the political choice to support Saharan’s agriculture offers real economical views, with regard to local development. Economically, the profitability of those agricultural systems will depend on their successful insertion within the national trade networks. Nevertheless, their impact on the local economy is real. Socially, Saharan’s rurality has built the greatest part of its identity on symbols that are linked to agricultural practices. However, Saharan’s massive urbanisation deeply shakes this legacy up. Finally, from an ecological point of view, the future of these agricultural systems will depend on the management of underground water resources, that are mostly non renewable

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Bensadek, Cherifa. "Application de l'optimum écotouristique au Sahara algérien : projet-pilote de mise en valeur écotouristique à Charouine (Wilaya d'Adrar)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030146.

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S'engager dans le processus de mise en place de l'écotourisme dans les pays en voie de développement nécessite aujourd'hui, une réelle stratégie afin d'aider les décideurs à s'assurer de la durabilité des aménagements touristiques de leur territoire. Plus encore, s'agissant des espaces désertiques, il y a urgence à construire un modèle de mise en œuvre des projets écotouristiques applicables dans ces milieux vulnérables et basé sur le concept d'optimum écotouristique développé par Jean-Pierre LOZATO-GIOTART (2003, p.306) qui prône une synergie entre leurs différents composantes : intervenants, ressources (naturelles et culturelles), communautés locales et visiteurs… c'est-à-dire un "équilibre entre pratiques de loisirs et préservation des territoires d’accueil". La création d'une grille d'indicateurs d'écotourisme spécifique aux espaces désertiques est une approche qui pourrait aider à construire des programmes de développement selon les principes de l'optimum écotouristique. Aussi, l'application du concept de l'optimum écotouristique dans le sud-ouest du Sahara algérien, grâce au projet-pilote écotouristique à la Daïra de Charouine, située dans la wilaya d'Adrar, répond de façon appropriée aux stratégies de développement local des régions du Sud de l'Algérie, dont la grande majorité est cataloguée comme pauvres, bien que leurs richesses en biodiversité et culture aient déjà été recensées.Cette étude de cas ouvre une nouvelle vision sur la réflexion à mener à propos des indicateurs de durabilité en écotourisme en vue de leur application effective dans le contexte de planification et de gestion des projets dans les milieux désertiques
Launching the process of establishing ecotourism in developing countries requires today a real strategy to help decision makers to ensure the sustainability of tourism development in their territory. Furthermore, with regard to desert areas, there is urgency to build a model of implementation of ecotourism projects applicable in these vulnerable areas and based on the concept of ecotourism optimum developed by Jean-Pierre Lozato-Giotart (2003, p.306) that promotes synergy between their different components: actors, resources (natural and cultural), and visitors local communities ... that is to say, a "balance between recreation and conservation practices of the host territories". Creating a grid of indicators specific to desert areas ecotourism is an approach that could help build development programs based on the principles of ecotourism optimum. Also, the application of the concept of ecotourism in the optimum southwest of the Algerian Sahara, through the pilot project of ecotourism in the Daïra Charouine, located in Adrar, responds appropriately to local development strategies of the southern regions of Algeria, the vast majority is classified as poor, although their wealth in biodiversity and culture has already been identified. This case study opens a new vision to carry on thinking about sustainability indicators ecotourism for their effective implementation in the context of planning and project management in desert environments

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Blank, Tara M. Burggren Warren W. "Cardio-respiratory ontogeny and the transition to bimodal respiration in an air breathing fish, the Blue Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) morphological and physiological development in normoxia and hypoxia /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11056.

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Blank, Tara M. "Cardio-Respiratory Ontogeny and the Transition to Bimodal Respiration in an Air Breathing Fish: Morphological and Physiological Development in Normoxia and Hypoxia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11056/.

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As selection pressures exist for not only adults, but for every life history stage, it is important to understand how environmental factors shape developing animals. Despite the significance placed on aquatic hypoxia as a driving force in the evolution of air breathing, this is the first known study to examine the effects of hypoxia on cardio-respiratory ontogeny of an air breathing fish. Blue gouramis are obligatory air breathing fish that possess a labyrinth-like structure that serves as the air breathing organ. Gouramis were reared for up to 90 d in normoxia or hypoxia, and morphological and physiological development was observed. Hypoxic larvae had increased lamellar and labyrinth organ surface areas. Bradycardia and increased gill ventilation rates were observed when larvae from either rearing group were briefly exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxic larvae also showed a reduced heart rate and gill ventilation rate in the absence of a hypoxic stimulus, possibly indicative of a more comprehensive, long-term respiratory plasticity. The similarity of routine oxygen consumption between rearing groups suggests that metabolic demand did not change for hypoxic larvae, but that they were more efficient at oxygen acquisition. This is further supported by increased resistance time of hypoxic gouramis to extreme hypoxia. The onset of air breathing was between 20 and 25 d post-fertilization, and was not affected by either rearing or exposure environment. It may be that this behavior is associated with the inability of smaller larvae to successfully overcome water surface tension, rather than with the necessity of aerial respiration at this stage. Hypoxia is commonly experienced by most air breathing fishes, and studies of hypoxia-induced developmental effects may provide critical insights into the evolution of air breathing. The studies presented here provide novel data on the plasticity of cardio-respiratory development of an air breathing fish reared in hypoxia, and can serve as a solid foundation for future studies.

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Andurain, Julie d'. "Le général Gouraud, un colonial dans la Grande Guerre." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040132.

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Elevé dans un esprit de revanche puis devenu officier colonial, Henri Gouraud (1867-1946) a pratiqué la « petite guerre » durant vingt ans en Afrique allongeant ainsi d’autant son expérience d’entrée en guerre. De ce fait, en 1914, il dispose d’une pratique guerrière certaine lui permettant d’emblée de multiplier les expériences sur différents fronts (Argonne, Dardanelles, Champagne), avec des troupes variées (coloniaux, Garibaldiens). Gravement blessé aux Dardanelles, amputé du bras droit, le général Gouraud reprend du service en menant d’abord une opération diplomatique en Italie puis est nommé à la tête de la IVe armée sur le front. À peine installé, il est appelé à remplacer Lyautey au Maroc au moment où ce dernier est nommé ministre de la Guerre. À son retour, en 1917, il s’impose définitivement comme le chef de la IVe armée française en Champagne. En application des directives de Pétain, Gouraud met alors en place les structures permettant d’arrêter le Friedensturm ou « assaut pour la paix » de Ludendorff le 15 juillet 1918, laissant ainsi à Foch la possibilité d’engager la dernière contre-offensive alliée. En remerciement de ce combat, consécration suprême, le général obtient le droit de rentrer le premier à Strasbourg avec son armée en novembre 1918. Devenu malgré lui l’un des porte-parole des mutilés de la guerre, Gouraud ne cessera, dans une longue sortie de guerre, d’œuvrer pour la mémoire de ses soldats, en particulier Français et Américains, morts sur le front de Champagne tout en se rapprochant pour lui-même de la religion catholique. L’ossuaire de Navarin, érigé en Champagne en 1924, deviendra ainsi pour lui et ses hommes un lieu de commémoration incontournable. Ses archives privées, jusqu’alors inédites, permettent de reconstituer le parcours de cet officier supérieur durant le premier conflit mondial
Raised in an ideology of retribution towards Germany for the loss of the eastern provinces, Henri Gouraud (1867-1946), a French colonial military officer, acquired his combat experience over twenty years of involvement in low-intensity conflicts in Africa. By 1914 this experience led him to significant innovations in methods of warfare on different battle fronts (Argonne, Gallipoli, and Champagne), and with different troops (colonial battalions and Garibaldian companies). After losing his right arm in the 1915 Dardanelles campaign, General Gouraud returned to active duty on a diplomatic mission in Italy, and then back to the front as head of the IVth Army. Soon after, he was ordered to Morocco to replace Lyautey who had been appointed War Minister. Upon his return to France in 1917 he was appointed head of the French IVth Army in Champagne on a permanent basis. On Petain’s directive, Gouraud built the defences that would stop Ludendorff’s Friedensturm (‘peace offensive’) on July 15, 1918 and allow Field-Marshall Foch, French Chief of Staff, to lead the last Allied counter-offensive. In recognition, General Gouraud and his troops were the first to enter Strasbourg in November 1918. Having been injured himself, he became a dedicated spokesman for wounded war veterans. He was also committed in his work to preserve the memory of French and American soldiers under his command who lost their lives on the Champagne front. At this stage of his life Gouraud returned to his Catholic faith. The Navarin ossuary, erected in Champagne in 1924, became the most important memorial for him and his men. Gouraud’s private archives, to this day unpublished, offer historians the opportunity to follow the life and career of this WWI officer in detail

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Tounsi, Ibtissem. "Utilisation des systèmes d'information géographiques pour l'estimation de la production primaire herbacée sahélienne : application au Gourma malien." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010626.

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L'objectif de ce mémoire est de présenter un modèle spatialisé d'estimation de la production primaire herbacée du Sahel malien (le gourma) de 1986 à 1990, à l'échelle régionale. Cette estimation est effectuée au moyen d'un modèle statistique mettant en relation la production primaire herbacée avec les données géographiques, climatiques et écologiques. L'utilisation de données du satellite noaa-avhrr permet d'envisager une extension spatiale des mesures effectuées sur les quelques sites tests. Le système d'information géographique (s. I. G. ) permet la manipulation de ces données. La méthodologie proposée présente l'avantage d'être reproductible sur plusieurs années. Elle permet de bien restituer la quantité, les variations spatiales et interannuelles de la production primaire. Ce travail a montré l'importance des prétraitements des données de terrain et satellitaires utilisées afin de permettre des comparaisons interannuelles. Malgré les résultats très positifs du point de vue quantitatif, nous avons observé des incertitudes quant aux valeurs estimées. Ce fait s'explique en partie par une méconnaissance encore importante de la physique des mesures satellitaires et par le manque de données concernant certaines variables clefs du système
The purpose of this thesis is an assessment of malian herbaceous primary production at a regional scale from 1986 to 1990. The assessment of primary production is derived from a statistical spatial model which correlates the linear relationships between herbaceous primary production and geographical, climatic and ecological data. The use of coarse resolution satellite noaa-avhrr data allows the spacialization of field data. The proposed method allows using geographic information system (g. I. S. ) In order to assess primary production. This method can be yearly reproduced. It is also efficient for space-time assessment of variations of primary production. In spite of encouraging quantitative results, there is a strong uncertainty about assessment of herbaceous production primary values. This feature can be partly explained throughout a lack of knowledge concerning physics of remote sensing measurements. Another source of errors is the lack of certain key parameters important of environment

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Diagbouga, Paulette Maïga. "Labdiédo : étranges destins : étude de chansons populaires de la région du Gourma." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120042.

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Labdedio qui a donne son nom a la version chantee de l'artiste tinguizi, est egalement celui d'un personnage historique et legendaire, d'un chef gourmantche de coalla 1, mort de facon tragique en 1920. Il s'est, en effet, suicide a fada n'gourma a la suite de son arrestation par l'administration coloniale. Cet acte de bravoure, commis sur l'incitation de sa femme preferee, toukouindou pour les uns, siptii jambel pour les autres, qui plus tard repete les memes gestes que son defunt epoux et meurt egalement, a ete repris, chante et sublime par divers traditionnalistes dans differentes ethnies. C'est le cas de hamma gargno dans sa version peule pori bedjeti, de tchanyenu combary avec son recit mythique des origines en gourmantche. Cette histoire a reellement existe, les proces verbaux de l'epoque coloniale l'attestent. Celui du rapport (3eme trimestre) 1920 trouve dans les archives au c. N. R. S. T. De ouagadougou dit ceci : "labdedio, chef de province de nebba (coala) demeure par ordre a fada le 14 juillet, s'est porte un coup de couteau au ventre le 12/08 a 6 heures au moment ou les gardes l'apprehendaient pour le conduire en prison. Il etait inculpe d'avoir par sequestration et privatisation de nourriture et de boisson, fait mourir un de ses administres, goudouma. Labdieddo est decede au dispensaire le lendemain 13 a 10 heures du matin
Labdiedo's story is not a legend, bus a true event which happened at fana n'gourma1 in 1920, under a very naughty commandant or the colonial administration surnamed "fire". Labdedio was a gurmance chief and under his wife's pression who asked him to take his responsabilities about a case of honor, he killed himself. After this, his wife also swore fidelity after his death and killed herself as well. These tragic events gave to the griots the opportunity to sing, to glorify the hero everywhere you go, and by every population in the area. Another labdledio did the same action somme years later, but he is not sung as his predecessor. Our work is to show how one event can have several forms and consequently give birth to different narrations. In spite of the distance, the years, the changes through time and the ideology of any group, labdedio is and remains a guideline for the new generations

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Mendez, Sanchez Jose Fernando. "Environmental Modulation of the Onset of Air-breathing of the Siamese Fighting Fish and the Blue Gourami." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822746/.

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This study determined the effect of hypoxia on air-breathing onset and physiological and morphological characters in larvae of the air breathing fishes Trichopodus trichopterus and Betta splendens. Larvae were exposed intermittently (12/12 h daily) to 20, 17, and 14 kPa of PO2 from 1 to 40 days post-fertilization. Survival, onset of air breathing, wet body mass, O2, Pcrit were measured every 5 dpf. Hypoxia advanced by 4 days, and delayed by 9 days, the onset of air breathing in Betta and Trichopodus, respectively. Hypoxia increased larval body length, wet mass, and labyrinth organ respiratory surface of Betta, but did not affect these factors in Trichopodus. Hypoxic exposure increased O2 by 50-100% at each day throughout larval development in Betta, but had no effect on larval Trichopodus. Hypoxia decreased Pcrit in Betta by 37%, but increased Pcrit in Trichopodus by 70%. Larval Betta reared in hypoxia showed a modified heart rate:opercular rate ratio (3:1 to 2:1), but these changes did not occur in Trichopodus. Compared to Betta, the blood of Trichopodus had a higher P50 and much smaller Bohr and Root effects. These interspecific differences are likely due to ecophysiological differences: Betta is a non- obligatory air-breather after 36 dpf with a slow lifestyle reflected in its low metabolism, while Trichopodus is an obligatory air-breather past 32 dpf with an athletic fast lifestyle and accompanying high metabolism.

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Books on the topic "Gourara"

1

Bellil, Rachid. Textes zénètes du Gourara. Alger: CNRPAH, 2006.

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2

Prieur, Louis A. Le. Le pays de Tigourarin: Gourara. [Asnières]: L.A. Le Prieur, 1988.

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Bellil, Rachid. Les oasis du Gourara (Sahara algérien). Paris: Éditions Peeters (Études berbères), 1999.

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Systèmes hydrauliques traditionnels: Dans le Gourara et le Touat. Alger: Area-ed, barzakh, 2011.

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Bellil, Rachid. Les oasis du Gourara (Sahara algrien) ; III : Rcits, contes et posie en dialecte 'tazenatit'. Paris ; Louvain: Peeters, 2001.

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Bellil, Rachid. Ksour et saints du Gourara: Dans la tradition orale, l'hagiographie et les chroniques locales. Alger: C.N.R.P.A.H., 2003.

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Davaras, Kōstēs. Gournia. Congleton: Old Vicarage Publications, 1994.

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Shimabukuro, Mitsutoshi. Toriko: Shining Gourani!! San Francisco, Calif: Viz Media, 2013.

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Glauser, Friedrich. Gourrama: Ein Roman aus der Fremdenlegion. Zürich: Limmat, 1997.

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Fathy, Hassan. Gourna: A tale of two villages. 2nd ed. Guizeh, Egypt: Foreign Cultural Information Dept., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gourara"

1

Khare, C. P. "Clematis gouriana Roxb." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_367.

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Chuin, Lai Hoong, Soh Ling Xin, N. A. Razak, Zarina Itam, and A. F. Osrin. "Flow Field Measurement of Wake Generated by Gourami Fish Tail." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 207–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4756-0_18.

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Huang, Wei, Shuai Chen, and Gengsheng Zheng. "Improved Run-Length Coding for Gray Level Images Using Gouraud Shading Method." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 19–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14350-2_3.

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Traoré, M., T. G. Ouattara, E. Zongo, and S. Tamani. "Soil Fertility Management in the Region of Gourma, Burkina Faso, West Africa." In Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa, 947–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_95.

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Sivaram, M., B. Bazeer Ahamed, D. Yuvaraj, V. Manikandan, Nabila Ghassani Karlus, Andri Sahata Sitanggang, Aliza Abdul Latif, and Andino Maseleno. "Expert System in Determining the Quality of Superior Gourami Seed Using Forward Chaining-Based Websites." In Emerging Technologies in Computer Engineering: Microservices in Big Data Analytics, 310–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8300-7_26.

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Chafik, Hassan, and Mohamed Berrada. "Exploitation of Vegetation Indices and Random Forest for Cartography of Rosemary Cover: Application to Gourrama Region, Morocco." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 429–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51186-9_30.

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Bisson, Jean, and Mohamed Jarir. "Ksour du Gourara et du Tafilelt." In Habitat, État, société au Maghreb, 329–45. CNRS Éditions, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.editionscnrs.826.

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Amara, Allaoua. "Communautés oasiennes et tradition manuscrite arabe : l’exemple des collections privées des Ouled Saïd au Gourara (Algérie)." In Les non-dits du nom. Onomastique et documents en terres d'Islam, 145–60. Presses de l’Ifpo, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.ifpo.5718.

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"Gournia." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 541–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_70255.

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BUELL, D. Matthew, and John C. McENROE. "ARCHITECTURE AND MEMORY AT GOURNIA:." In MNHMH / MNEME. Past and Memory in the Aegean Bronze Age, 49–57. Peeters Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26q48.9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gourara"

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Mahrour, Illili. "To inhabit the twelve i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi: fortified dwellings as alive ruins in the Gourara (Algerian Sahara)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11329.

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In the southwest of the Algerian Sahara, Taguelzi is one of the fortified settlement oases forming the network of the Gourara defensive structures situated on the southern edge of the Ouled Aïssa Hmada. It is a large and long flat limestone area, which borders, from north to south, the west side of the Timimoun sebkha. Despite its position on the periphery of Charouine, one of the Gourara sub-region main human settlement, Taguelzi is exactly situated at the crossroads of ancient caravan routes linking sub-Saharan Africa to the Atlantic shores and the Mediterranean world through both the Messaoura wadi and the shortcut to Figuig in Morocco, across the Great Western Erg. Taguelzi strategic position, on the southern cornice of the Ouled Aïssa hamada facing the north of Moulay Mohemmed Erg, an arm of the Great Western Erg, allows to reach the Aougrout, the main sub region of the Gourara, through the Deldoul sub region in few hours, and eventually from there to get to the Gourara main cities. By using a space anthropological approach based on spatiality vocabulary, we have tried to understand this Saharan settlement formed by twelve distinct defensive inhabited structures and why some of them are considered as “dead ruins” and others as still “alive ruins”. Taguelzi twelve fortified inhabited structures reported through “the spatiality living word” reveals the living space organization complexity at the territory scale and may explain the morphogenesis of those defensive structures which gave birth to troglodyte habitat, to stone defensive towers and double walled fortifications with gardens, wells, water system irrigation and wide-open cemeteries. Today, despite unsuccessful state rehabilitation projects and the fortifications advanced state of ruins after the 2008 devastating floods, the inhabitants still clearly identify and refer to them as the twelve “i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi”.

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Mahsas, F. Z., and A. Rahmani. "Gas Potential and Prospectivity in Ahnet-Gourara Basin, Algeria." In 2nd EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum & Geosciences Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.11.b01.

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Rahmi Hafsari, Anggita, Diah Rosmiati, and Dindin Jamaludin. "The Effect of Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) Concentration on the Quality of Gourami Bone Gelatin (Ospheronemus Gouramy Lac)." In International Conference Recent Innovation. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009947329832989.

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Ernst, I., H. Rüsseler, H. Schulz, and O. Wittig. "Gouraud bump mapping." In the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/285305.285311.

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Rivera, Greg. "Phong shading at Gouraud speed." In ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Conference abstracts and applications. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/311625.312163.

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Sujito, Danny Mayrawan, I. Made Wirawan, Faiz Syaikhoni Aziz, Abdulah Iskandar Syah, and Maulana Ahmad As Shidiqi. "Development Internet of Things for Water Quality Monitoring System for Gouramy Cultivation." In 4th Forum in Research, Science, and Technology (FIRST-T1-T2-2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahe.k.210205.035.

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Ohhashi, Ikumi, Itoh, Bandai, and Suda. "A 32b 3-D Graphic Processor Chip With 10m Pixels/s Gouraud Shading." In 1988 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.1988.663683.

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Stefanidis, P., and D. Myronidis. "The cause and mechanism of Gouras stream mudflow in Epirus (W. Greece)." In DEBRIS FLOW 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/deb060201.

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Ahmed, K. G., and L. Elgizawi. "Two versions of ‘New Gourna’ and the dilemma of sustainability in new urban communities in Egypt." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp090642.

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Abderrahim Mahindad, Naima. "Les caractéristiques architecturales et constructives de la muraille médievale à la période Hammadite à Bejaia (Algérie)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11381.

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The architectural and constructive characteristics of the medieval wall of Bejaia city during the Hammadite periodBejaia, is a coastal city of Central-East Algerian which has seen succeeding on its lands several civilizations: Byzantine, Roman, Hammadite, Spanish and Ottoman It reached its peak from the beginning of the eleventh century, when the Hammadite ruler, An-Nasir made it the capital. The city maintained this important status until the sixteenth century, when it was considered the jewel of the Maghreb. At that time, the city was fortified with a large surrounding wall, which spanned more than 5000 m. This city wall was flanked with bastions and towers, and rose in tiers from the sea-side to Mount Gouraya. Its layout was perfectly designed and blended with the city’s topography It consisted of three walls: one to the east and another to the west, which were connected by a third wall, which ran along the seaside. Today, two gates are preserved from the city of Bejaia’s rich defensive heritage: Bab El Bahr, which opens onto the sea, and Bab El Fouka, which opens onto the plains, as well as some parts of the walls, dotted around different parts of the city. This heritage is threatened and its preservation, restoration and enhancement require a comprehensive knowledge of the architectural and constructive styles, which characterize it, and of the materials used in its construction. This contribution aims to identify the architectural and constructive features of this defense system, developed by the Hammadites, as well as a characterization of the construction materials used, such mortar, through physical, chemical and petrographic analyses.

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