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1
Lange, Philipp, Peter P. J. Driessen, Alexandra Sauer, Basil Bornemann, and Paul Burger. "Governing Towards Sustainability—Conceptualizing Modes of Governance." Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 15, no. 3 (September 2013): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1523908x.2013.769414.
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Bolton, Ronan, and Matthew Hannon. "Governing sustainability transitions through business model innovation: Towards a systems understanding." Research Policy 45, no. 9 (November 2016): 1731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.05.003.
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Kern, Florian. "The discursive politics of governing transitions towards sustainability: the UK Carbon Trust." International Journal of Sustainable Development 15, no. 1/2 (2012): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2012.044036.
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Melchior, Inga C., and Jens Newig. "Governing Transitions towards Sustainable Agriculture—Taking Stock of an Emerging Field of Research." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020528.
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The need for fundamental changes in the way humans interact with nature is now widely acknowledged in order to achieve sustainable development. Agriculture figures prominently in this quest, being both a major driver and a major threat to global sustainability. Agricultural systems typically have co-evolved with other societal structures—retailers, land management, technology, consumer habits, and environmental and agricultural law—and can therefore well be described as socio-technical regimes in the sense of the sustainability transitions literature. This paper aims to give an overview of the emerging field of governing transitions to sustainability agriculture and the topics and trends covered, focusing on how agricultural transitions are being governed through a variety of actors and at a variety of levels. We conduct a systematic review of 153 articles published before the year 2019. We identify two main perspectives: papers that analyse the status quo in farming practices and reasons for lock-in, and papers that explore potential transition pathways and their governance. Predominantly, papers study (local) niche developments and discuss governance options for upscaling, rather than actual regime change. Seven distinct perspectives emerge from our reading of the selected articles: application of theoretical perspectives from the literature on socio-technical transitions; governance and regulation; knowledge and learning; concrete approaches to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural systems; urbanisation, urban agriculture, and local food networks; the role of agri-food businesses; as well as the role of gender. While a variety of local case studies shows potential for small-scale changes that might be transferable to other regions and higher levels of governance, it generally appears that more integrative, comparative work and perhaps more coherence in conceptual approaches would benefit the currently highly fragmented field.
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Melchior, Inga C., and Jens Newig. "Governing Transitions towards Sustainable Agriculture—Taking Stock of an Emerging Field of Research." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020528.
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The need for fundamental changes in the way humans interact with nature is now widely acknowledged in order to achieve sustainable development. Agriculture figures prominently in this quest, being both a major driver and a major threat to global sustainability. Agricultural systems typically have co-evolved with other societal structures—retailers, land management, technology, consumer habits, and environmental and agricultural law—and can therefore well be described as socio-technical regimes in the sense of the sustainability transitions literature. This paper aims to give an overview of the emerging field of governing transitions to sustainability agriculture and the topics and trends covered, focusing on how agricultural transitions are being governed through a variety of actors and at a variety of levels. We conduct a systematic review of 153 articles published before the year 2019. We identify two main perspectives: papers that analyse the status quo in farming practices and reasons for lock-in, and papers that explore potential transition pathways and their governance. Predominantly, papers study (local) niche developments and discuss governance options for upscaling, rather than actual regime change. Seven distinct perspectives emerge from our reading of the selected articles: application of theoretical perspectives from the literature on socio-technical transitions; governance and regulation; knowledge and learning; concrete approaches to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural systems; urbanisation, urban agriculture, and local food networks; the role of agri-food businesses; as well as the role of gender. While a variety of local case studies shows potential for small-scale changes that might be transferable to other regions and higher levels of governance, it generally appears that more integrative, comparative work and perhaps more coherence in conceptual approaches would benefit the currently highly fragmented field.
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Saha, Polin Kumar, and Shahida Akhter. "Greening the Urban Transport System towards Achieving Sustainability." Sustainability in Environment 4, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v4n1p27.
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<p><em>The transport system comes along with a broad range of sustainability issues, including environmental, social and economic stability of the transportation. As we are going through a new development paradigm with the </em><em>S</em><em>ustainable </em><em>D</em><em>evelopment </em><em>G</em><em>oals (SDGs), therefore, our urban transport system should now be </em><em>“</em><em>green</em><em>”</em><em>, that requires an alignment with the core purposes of several stakeholder groups. The study explores the stand point of the situation in the context of rapid urbanization and addresses the components of our urban transport systems. The study follows a qualitative approach to find out the possible answer considering the daily transport experiences of city dwellers. Urban transport system is </em><em>considered as the study experimental unit and a sample of four </em><em>F</em><em>ocused </em><em>G</em><em>roup </em><em>D</em><em>iscussions (FGDs) conducted within four groups of urban citizens-adult male, female, older and younger. Finally, the study</em><em> experiences illustrate with many technical and non-technical strategic solutions, which might be implemented in the context of poor road infrastructure, technology, people’s desires, capital intensive nature and the overall the good governing system. With different approaches towards greening the transport system, research concludes that the non-technical review is more important and quicker solution than the technical solutions for Dhaka city.</em></p>
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Voget-Kleschin, Lieske, and Setareh Stephan. "The Potential of Standards and Codes of Conduct in Governing Large-Scale Land Acquisition in Developing Countries Towards Sustainability." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 26, no. 6 (April 18, 2013): 1157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-013-9454-y.
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Garain, Swapan. "Business Sharing its Progress with Villagers Towards Developing Model Villages." GIS Business 1, no. 6 (December 20, 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v1i6.5141.
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In a developing country like India, village-centric development is very critical for improving Human Development Index of the country. In this direction, corporate contribution assumes significance for rehabilitation and resettlement of project affected people and overall intervention under its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. Since India is a country of villages, CSR has to be more sensitive towards the economic, social and cultural needs of rural society of the country. In this paper, it is proposed to gear all interventions for promoting model villages. Model village presents a credible vehicle for bringing about sustainability of a village community unit. A model village must have three significant components of infrastructure development, livelihood promotion and provision of services. Infrastructure development must cater to creating basic physical as well as social infrastructure like approach road, school building, community centre and social capital. Promotion of livelihood includes skill training, self-employment, employment opportunities and village enterprise development, while provision for services for the villagers includes health care, education, sanitation, recreational and other community services. Model village plan envisages a self-contained village community at the apex of all the pillars of sustainability, namely, livelihood, infrastructure and services. The future of Indian economy and the prospect of industry are going to depend largely on building sustainable and self-maintained smallest self-governing units called model villages.
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Raus, Rea. "Modelling a Learning Journey towards Teacher Ecological Self." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtes-2016-0013.
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Abstract The article discusses the notion of the ecological self as a key concept for teacher identity construction during teacher education in the context of sustainable development (SD). Substantial amount of literature supports the understanding that the solution to the global sustainability crisis lies in the field of education where teacher identity, teacher self, plays a significant role. The paper gives the argumentation for the concept of ecological self and focuses on the question how to support the development of the ecological self during teacher education (TE). Esbjörn-Hargens & Zimmerman’s model of eco-selves and Saks’ model of intention are presented that could be used for that purpose. Some methods for supporting the development of an ecological self of a future teacher are also shared, for investigation and practical implementation in TE. The limitations of the present approach are obvious first and foremost due to the understanding that we are currently facing transformation in governing paradigms, change in dominating worldviews that penetrate any quest for ‘truth’, also in the field of science.
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Scheele, Christian Elling, Ingvild Little, and Finn Diderichsen. "Governing health equity in Scandinavian municipalities: The inter-sectorial challenge." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494816685538.
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Aims: Local governments in the Scandinavian countries are increasingly committed to reduce health inequity through ‘health equity in all policies’ (HEiAP) governance. There exists, however, only very sporadic implementation evidence concerning municipal HEiAP governance, which is the focus of this study. Methods: Data are based on qualitative thematic network analysis of 20 interviews conducted from 2014 to 2015 with Scandinavian political and administrative practitioners. Results: We identify 24 factors located within three categories; political processes, where insufficient political commitment to health equity goals outside of the health sector and inadequate economic prioritization budget curbs implementation. Concerning evidence, there is a lack of epidemiological data, detailed evidence of health equity interventions as well as indicators relevant for monitoring implementation. Concerted administrative action relates to a lack of vertical support and alignment from the national and the regional level to the local level. Horizontally within the municipality, insufficient coordination across policy sectors inhibits effective health equity governance. Conclusions: A shift away from ‘health in all policies’ based on a narrow health concept towards ‘health equity for all policies’ based on a broader concept such as ‘sustainability’ can improve ownership of health equity policy goals across municipal sectors.
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Mutana, Sarudzai, and Geoffrey Mukwada. "Are policies and guidelines shaping tourism sustainability in South Africa? Critical Success Factors for tourism sustainability governance in the Drakensberg Region." Tourism and Hospitality Research 20, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358419841100.
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This paper employs the Critical Success Factor Framework to investigate the level to which current tourism business practices reflect the existing responsible tourism policies and regulations in the Drakensberg Mountain Region of South Africa. A survey was carried out among 80 tourism business operators, in conjunction with in-depth interviews with key informants from the local government departments. The findings of the study suggest that, although current policies and regulations amply cover all the important issues related to sustainable mountain route tourism, they are fragmented, left to the discretion of tourism and hospitality operators in the region and have not been sufficiently enforced among these operators. The policies and regulations governing tourism in the region are also not specific enough to guide tourism development in fragile mountain environments. This has left tourism sustainability in destinations within the region at the mercy and creativity of the tourism business operators, resulting in uneven practices. In conclusion, this paper adopts the Critical Success Factors Framework in developing possible steps towards improving the adoption of sustainable tourism in the region.
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Scordato, Lisa, Markus Bugge, and Arne Fevolden. "Directionality across Diversity: Governing Contending Policy Rationales in the Transition towards the Bioeconomy." Sustainability 9, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9020206.
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Johnstone, Philip. "The Nuclear Power Renaissance in the Uk:Democratic Deficiencies within the ‘Consensus’ on Sustainability." Human Geography 3, no. 2 (July 2010): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861000300207.
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This paper focuses on New Labour's policy towards the nuclear renaissance. It places this policy in the context of wider discussions on the democratic implications of the new constellations of governance emerging from the drive towards more sustainable futures. The paper identifies two crucial developments within the nuclear renaissance: firstly, the controversy surrounding the consultative process in 2006 and 2007; and secondly, the creation of new ‘efficient’ and ‘streamlined’ planning procedures through the establishment of the Planning Act 2008 and The Infrastructure and Planning Commission (IPC). The article builds on work which seeks to bring together questions of ‘democracy’ and ‘the political’ within discussions on ‘sustainability’. It argues that an understanding of these moments can only be properly established through an analysis of the wider discursive frame of ‘sustainability’ in which nuclear has been reinvented, and the way it has been utilized as a strategic tool of governing. The apparent ‘consensus’ on sustainability appears to foreclose discussions on multiple and divergent political imaginaries into a single shared vision. This is symptomatic of the wider conditions of the post-political and the post-democratic, where debate is reduced to managerial and technocratic particularities in which, regardless of public engagement, nuclear power becomes an ‘inevitability’.
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Rashidi, Mohammad, Muhammad Ashraf, Behnam Rostami, Taher Rastegari, and Sumra Bashir. "Mixed convection boundary-layer flow of a micro polar fluid towards a heated shrinking sheet by homotopy analysis method." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130212096r.
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A comprehensive study of two dimensional stagnation flow of an incompressible micro polar fluid with heat transfer characteristics towards a heated shrinking sheet is analyzed analytically. The main goal of this paper is to find the analytic solutions using a powerful technique namely the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) for the velocity and the temperature distributions and to study the steady mixed convection in two-dimensional stagnation flows of a micro polar fluid around a vertical shrinking sheet. The governing equations of motion together with the associated boundary conditions are first reduced to a set of self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation and are then solved by the HAM. Some important features of the flow and heat transfer for the different values of the governing parameters are analyzed, discussed and presented through tables and graphs. The heat transfer from the sheet to the fluid decreases with an increase in the shrinking rate. Micro polar fluids exhibit a reduction in shear stresses and heat transfer rate as compared to Newtonian fluids, which may be beneficial in flow and thermal control of polymeric processing.
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Fuentealba, Ricardo, and Hebe Verrest. "Disrupting Risk Governance? A Post-Disaster Politics of Inclusion in the Urban Margins." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.3210.
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Facing climate emergency and disaster risks, cities are developing governing arrangements towards sustainability and resilience. Research is showing the ambivalent results of these arrangements in terms of inclusion and (in)justice, as well as their outcomes in emptying the ‘properly political’ through depoliticised governing techniques. Acknowledging this post-political thesis, however, critical analyses must also engage with re-politicization and focus on disruptive and transformative governance efforts. This article addresses the dual dynamics of de—and re-politicisation, focusing on the interplay of different modes of governing urban risk. We follow the political philosophy of Jacques Rancière and related interpretations in critical urban studies to recover the politics of the city. We focus on a post-disaster area in the foothills of Santiago, Chile. After a 1993 disaster, the State constituted a mode of governing risks based on physicalist interventions that discouraged local conflicts. This techno-managerial policing order made risks invisible while favouring real estate development. However, we show how local initiatives emerge in the interstices of formal and informal arrangements that contest this course. This emerging mode of governing risk, we argue, has the potential to recover incrementally urban politics and disrupt the dominant one through an egalitarian principle on the margins. Our contribution shows that, although these modes of governance coexist and are still evolving, advancing more just and inclusive cities require moving beyond consensus-based governance and focusing on the role of dissent and disruptive politics.
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Ahmad, Kartini, and Anuar Ishak. "Magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of a Jeffrey fluid towards a stretching vertical surface." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part A (2017): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci141103029a.
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This study investigates the steady-mixed convection boundary layer flow near a stagnation point that runs about a linearly stretched vertical surface filled with a Jeffery fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. It is assumed that the external velocity impinges normally to the wall and the wall temperature varies linearly with the distance from the stagnation point. The governing partial differential equations that govern the fluid flow are transformed into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using a finite-difference scheme. The numerical results are presented for some values of parameters, namely the Deborah number ?, the Prandtl number Pr, the magnetic parameter M and the mixed convection parameter ?, for both assisting and opposing flows.
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Heurkens, Erwin, and Marcin Dąbrowski. "Circling the square: Governance of the circular economy transition in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area." European Spatial Research and Policy 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.27.2.02.
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Circular economy (CE), the new ‘buzzword’ in urban and regional studies and policy debates, is about shifting from a linear production process towards a circular one in which the generation of waste is minimised, materials circulate in ‘closed loops’, and waste is not considered a burden but rather a resource that brings new economic opportunities. However, while there is a consensus on the need to facilitate a transition towards a circular economy, the governing of this endeavour remains extremely challenging because making a circular economy work requires cutting across sectoral, scalar, and administrative boundaries. Drawing on the sustainability transitions literature and the case of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area, arguably one of the frontrunners on the strive towards a circular built environment and economy, the paper seeks to identify and understand barriers for CE transition at a regional scale. The findings underscore the multi-faceted nature of the challenge and offer lessons for the governance of emerging regional circular spatial-economic policies.
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Wölfel, Bastian, Andreas Seefried, Vincent Allen, Joachim Kaschta, Christopher Holmes, and Dirk Schubert. "Recycling and Reprocessing of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Materials towards Nonwoven Processing." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091917.
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Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) is a unique tailorable material due to the interactions of hard and soft segments within the block-copolymer chain. Therefore, various products can be created out of this material. A general trend towards a circular economy with regards to sustainability in combination with TPU being comparably expensive is of high interest to recycle production as well as post-consumer wastes. A systematic study investigating the property changes of TPU is provided, focusing on two major aspects. The first aspect focuses on characterizing the change of basic raw material properties through recycling. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and processing load during extrusion indicate a decrease in molar mass and consequently viscosity with an increasing number of recycling cycles. This leads to a change in morphology at lower molar mass, characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and visualized by atomic force microscope (AFM). The change in molar mass and morphology with increasing number of recycling cycles has an impact on the material performance under tensile stress. The second aspect describes processing of the recycled TPU to nonwoven fabrics utilizing melt blowing, which are evaluated with respect to relevant mechanical properties and related to molecular characteristics. The molar mass turns out to be the governing factor regarding mechanical performance and processing conditions for melt blown products.
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López Hernández, Viviana, and Heiner Schanz. "Agency in actor networks: Who is governing transitions towards a bioeconomy? The case of Colombia." Journal of Cleaner Production 225 (July 2019): 728–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.306.
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Li, Dong, Sujun Dong, Jun Wang, and Yunhua Li. "Thermal dynamics and thermal management strategy for a civil aircraft hydraulic system." Thermal Science 24, no. 4 (2020): 2311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2004311l.
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Addressing the growing severe heat-generation and temperature-rise issues of the civil aircraft hydraulic system, this paper proposes a thermal dynamic model and thermal management strategies for the system within full mission profile. Firstly, a new thermal dynamic modeling towards general hydraulic components is conducted. Secondly, thermal dynamic governing equations are derived. Then a thermal management mechanism of the system is proposed. The conducted research is prerequisite to future numerical simulation of the thermal dynamic characteristics, evaluation and improvement of thermal management strategies for the system.
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Sohkhlet, Daniella, and Shekhar Nagargoje. "Municipal Solid Waste Management: A comparative study between Sydney (Australia) and Pune (India)." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017004001.
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As rapid urbanization continues to take place, with a projected 68% of the world’s population expected to live in cities by 2050 according to the UN, waste management in proximity to human settlements poses problematic. Although waste generation and failure of its management is seen as a huge problem in developing cities, wealthier cities generate more waste than less affluent cities, and thus waste management is a crucial issue in developed as well as developing cities for obvious ecological reasons and for sustainability. However, while collection of waste by high GDP cities is more frequent than collection in low GDP cities, it does not imply that the issue of waste management has been resolved. A significant portion of the world still dumps its waste in landfills. Furthermore, it is projected that by 2025, lower middle-income groups will produce the most amounts of waste, while high-income groups are expected to generate the second largest amount of waste. Accordingly, it is important to understand methods of collection and disposal of solid waste carried out by cites varying in GDP and HDI to combat the issue of waste management through landfills for the purpose of creating a sustainable future. This paper is a study of existing waste management methods implemented by the governing bodies of selected cities and progress towards future policies that these governing bodies have laid out. Comparisons of existing problems faced by each city, collection methods and coverage, recycle coverage and rates, unique waste management approaches, and plans to tackle waste are carried out. The analysis can thus serve as a reference for emerging cities lacking resources that can adapt strategies described, as well as for established cities that can easily adopt certain measures to safeguard their respective ecologies and take steps towards sustainability.
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Adelina, Charrlotte, Diane Archer, Oliver Johnson, and Romanus Otieno Opiyo. "Inclusion in urban environmental governance of small and intermediary cities of the global South." plaNext - next generation planning 11 (July 2021): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24306/plnxt/70.
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Urban sustainability is governed beyond the urban scale through trans-local networks and assemblages of actors and institutions. There is an emerging field of interest that aims to understand the outcomes of urban sustainability interventions, both from the environmental and social equity perspectives. This paper contributes to the literature on governing urban environmental sustainability transitions, with a distinct focus on small and intermediary cities of the global South. Actors in cities of the global South are adopting a variety of ways towards achieving urban sustainability transitions in the realm of disaster risk reduction, adaptation building, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and natural resource management. Our paper employs an analytical framework derived from Bai et. al. (2010) to chart the actors, drivers, finances, barriers, and the inclusivity and sustainability outcomes in seven interventions led by different actors. Five of the cases are drawn extensively from literature, while two case studies reflect on our primary engagement in the cities of Nakuru in Kenya and Udon Thani in Thailand. We find that the actors leading and financing the projects and the drivers of the intervention can explain differential outcomes in the inclusion processes and the framing of environmental solutions. We then delineate the opportunities and barriers to achieve multi-level governance approaches that are relevant to planning transformations in the South.
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Berquier, Roger, and Delphine Gibassier. "Governing the “good citizen” and shaping the “model city” to tackle climate change." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 10, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 710–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-02-2018-0038.
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Purpose Cities are key actors in the fight against climate change. They have developed integrated strategies harnessing the power of information and communication technologies (ICT) as part of the move towards smart(er) cities. In spite of our knowledge of the role of technological infrastructure in tackling climate change, the role of governance mechanisms to actively pursue environmental sustainability is often understated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse governmentality mechanisms developed by a small town in Europe to render energy savings and new energy sources visible and to create new identities with which the citizen and other cities could then identify with, thereby participating in the fight against climate change. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered through non-participant observation, interviews and access to internal data from the city’s energy control project. Findings The outcome of these governmentality mechanisms was to create two new identities: the “good citizen”, responsible to lower his impact on climate change, and the “model city”, a laboratory that would serve as a guide for future policies to tackle climate change at the city level. While the “model city” was successful and identification happened with other small cities taking example from it, the “good citizen” failed and inhabitants did not identify with this role model that was defined for them as a way to participate in the fight against climate change. Practical implications This case study is a concrete example, based on a longitudinal study, of a city’s strategy and actions on climate change. Other small cities will be able to use this case study to gauge their possibilities for action on climate change. Notably, it is an example of how a network of mechanisms can achieve results in CO2 emissions reduction. It also demonstrates the difficulty to enrol citizens into an environmental sustainability scheme. Social implications This paper has implications for how climate change can be tackled in rural areas by small cities. While the role of organizations and large cities (e.g. C40 city network) has been acknowledged, there is a possibility for smaller local actors to act upon grand challenges with local strategies and their own governmentality mechanisms. Originality/value The case study contributes to the literature on cities, bringing new insights into how they can become actors of climate change beyond acting on internal controls, and the literature on governmentality by demonstrating how mechanisms can act upon a population without being calculative.
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Mouzakitis, Yannis. "Governing the sustainability transition towards a circular economy of eco-industrial parks: a conceptual model for the role of management agencies of industrial estates." International Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management 7, no. 3 (2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdsrm.2017.090386.
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Mouzakitis, Yannis. "Governing the sustainability transition towards a circular economy of eco-industrial parks: a conceptual model for the role of management agencies of industrial estates." International Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management 7, no. 3 (2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdsrm.2017.10011503.
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Nightingale, Andrea J. "The socioenvironmental state: Political authority, subjects, and transformative socionatural change in an uncertain world." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, no. 4 (December 2018): 688–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848618816467.
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The ‘socioenvironmental state’ conceptualisation probes how contested, shifting, emergent boundaries of the state contain the possibilities for transformative change in the Anthropocene. The paper outlines a research programme capable of addressing the questions: who becomes authorised to govern change, who is required to make changes on the ground, and what subjectivities and pathways emerge in the context of rapid rate change? The conceptualisation unpacks three boundaries: state–society, its socionatural emergence, and the relationships between boundary-making and belonging to address these questions and better account for the successes and failures of attempts at governing an uncertain, rapidly changing world. In this analysis, ‘environmental change’ arises as a stochastic, relational becoming – ecologies and resources are emergent with the social-politics of governing them – suggesting that more analytical attention is required on how ‘environmental challenges’ and their ‘drivers of change’ are conceived and delimited. Together, these theoretical insights help reveal the way that the micro-politics of local resource use and the contradictory acceptance and refusals of authority and subjection are not only products of, but also productive of, larger scale political economies, socionatures, governance, and political struggles. The aim is to contribute towards a re-imagination of political authority that begins to capture the complex interplay between our attempts at governing a changing world and the inadvertent authorisations, inclusions, and exclusions that we produce in those efforts. The paper partially illustrates the conceptual ideas with an account of forestry and climate change in Nepal. In a context wherein programmes to govern resources have become of global concern, probing the implications of these points is crucial. It is not only that states govern resources with particular consequences for ‘environmental change’ or ‘sustainability’, but also that the act of governing resources (re)produces the socioenvironmental boundaries of the state with profound implications for how future transformations can unfold.
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Zhang, Hao, Diyi Chen, Pengcheng Guo, Xingqi Luo, and Aggidis George. "A novel surface-cluster approach towards transient modeling of hydro-turbine governing systems in the start-up process." Energy Conversion and Management 165 (June 2018): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.097.
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Delabre, Izabela, Anthony Alexander, and Camila Rodrigues. "Strategies for tropical forest protection and sustainable supply chains: challenges and opportunities for alignment with the UN sustainable development goals." Sustainability Science 15, no. 6 (November 7, 2019): 1637–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00747-z.
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Abstract Governance for sustainable development increasingly involves diverse stakeholder groups, with the promise of enhanced legitimacy and effectiveness in decision-making and implementation. The UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) emphasise the important role of multiple (non-state) actors, including businesses and non-governmental organisations, including in efforts to ensure the sustainability of supply chains, and to reduce tropical deforestation and forest degradation. This paper critically analyses sustainability strategies to examine how the UN SDG agendas related to ‘sustainable supply chains’ and ‘tropical forest protection’ are framed and enacted by two contrasting non-state actors: (1) Instituto Centro de Vida (ICV), an NGO in Brazil working to address deforestation, including by supporting farmers to produce commodities, and (2) Unilever, a global consumer goods manufacturer and major buyer of such commodities. By identifying areas of variability in the discursive techniques used by ICV and Unilever, we unearth particular power dynamics that can shape the processes and outcomes of sustainability strategies. This paper finds that the two organisations use diverse strategies at different levels of governance, both participate actively in multi-stakeholder forums to advance their organisations’ goals, but have divergent framings of ‘sustainability’. Despite being considered ‘non-state’ actors, the strategies of the two organisations examined both reflect, and influence, the structural effects of the state in the implementation of non-state organisations’ strategies, and progress towards the SDGs. Although there is alignment of certain strategies related to tropical forest protection, in some cases, there is a risk that more sustainable, alternative approaches to governing forests and supply chains may be excluded.
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Umar, Muhammad, Amjad Ali, Zainab Bukhari, Gullnaz Shahzadi, and Arshad Saleem. "Impact of Lorentz Force in Thermally Developed Pulsatile Micropolar Fluid Flow in a Constricted Channel." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082173.
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This work aimed to analyze the heat transfer of micropolar fluid flow in a constricted channel influenced by thermal radiation and the Lorentz force. A finite difference-based flow solver, on a Cartesian grid, is used for the numerical solution after transforming the governing equations into the vorticity-stream function form. The impact of various emerging parameters on the wall shear stress, axial velocity, micro-rotation velocity and temperature profiles is discussed in this paper. The temperature profile is observed to have an inciting trend towards the thermal radiation, whereas it has a declining trend towards the Hartman and Prandtl numbers. The axial velocity profile has an inciting trend towards the Hartman number, whereas it has a declining trend towards the micropolar parameter and Reynolds number. The micro-rotation velocity escalates with the micropolar parameter and Hartman number, whereas it de-escalates with the Reynolds number. The Nusselt number is observed to have a direct relationship with the Prandtl and Reynolds numbers.
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Mohd, Zokri, Nur Arifin, Kasim Mohd, Nurul Mohammad, and Mohd Salleh. "On dissipative MHD mixed convection boundary-layer flow of Jeffrey fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with nanoparticles: Buongiorno model." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part B (2019): 3817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171120178m.
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Present paper utilizes a combination of non-Newtonian fluid model (Jeffrey fluid) with Buongiorno model (nanofluid). The Jeffery fluid, which is regarded as a base fluid, together with suspended nanoparticles are examined over an inclined stretching sheet with the amalgamated impacts of mixed convection and viscous dissipation. The mathematical formulation of this model is done by choosing the appropriate similarity variables for the aim to reduce the complexity of governing partial differential equations. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method is then applied to the resulting of non-linear ODE to generate numerical results for highlighting the impact of emerging parameters towards specified distributions. Both the graphical and tabular representations of vital engineering physical quantities are also shown and deliberated. For the increase of Eckert number, thermophoresis diffusion, and Brownian motion parameters, the elevation of temperature profiles is observed. Besides, the thermophoresis diffusion parameter tends to accelerate the nanoparticle concentration profile while Brownian motion parameter displays the opposite behavior.
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Zaman, Shama, and Samina Saeed. "Good Governance as an Instauration Towards Socioeconomic Development: a Case Study of Pakistan." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i3.15168.
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Good governance has been inclinational to a well-civilized society. The notion of governance has emphatically been promoted in the twenty-first century for sustainable socioeconomic development in a form of millennium & sustainable development goals (MDGs and SDGs). Because good governance is one of the multilayered stratagem being directly involved in a socioeconomic progression, it sets off a mechanism of modus operandi from higher to lower governing hierarchy. Significantly, it enlightens basic democratic system to levitate an infrastructure of good governance through standing on multidimensional pillars of accountability, transparency, rule of law and mass participation. Strategic planning of good governance overcomes the uneven justifications in all spheres of life. In fact, justified distribution of socioeconomic assets is deployed by the principles of good governance. That assists in maintaining the balance of power to not only initiate the development but cause its sustainability in the course of socioeconomic paradigms. Thus it is subsumed directly or indirectly in strengthening the individual, institutional, and societal capacity development. Impartially, a specific criterion of good governance has been designed as a tool effector in the national action plans of both developed and developing states. An accompaniment of good governance with socioeconomic sector in Pakistan has been distinguished as a critical phenomenon to the development process and to the effectiveness of development assistance. Because the issues of good governance are responsive to the present and future socioeconomic needs and developments, an insurance towards the condition of good governance urges major donors and international financial institutions to spread investment over socioeconomic challenges and reforms in Pakistan. Hence strategic planning and management highlighted with quality and standards reinvigorate the practice of good governance through assuring socioeconomic development as a reality and fortune of the nation.
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Nikolic, Vesna, Tamara Vukic, Tatjana Maletaski, and Milica Andevski. "Students’ attitudes towards sustainable development in Serbia." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 21, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 733–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-11-2019-0336.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine university students’ attitudes towards the concept of sustainable development and towards the need for the implementation of education for sustainable development into the higher education system. To that end, the paper explores in a process-oriented focus which drivers and barriers are experienced as being the most important ones and how they relate to one another. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the questionnaire for the evaluation of attitudes towards the concept of sustainable development. This instrument consists of 9 batteries with 83 items presented in the form of the five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire evaluated different aspects of respondents’ attitudes towards the concept of sustainable development, but students’ attitudes in relation to the items from the following subscales will be presented for this paper: understanding the concept of sustainable development, position of sustainable development in the system of higher education, sources of information about sustainable development and entities responsible for sustainable development. The study sample consisted of students from the University of Novi Sad, specifically from the faculties with accredited programs in the field of humanities and technological sciences. Findings In general, students recognized the main determinants of sustainable development and they support an integral approach to sustainability, i.e. the need to include the knowledge, values and skills for sustainable development in the higher education programs. In addition, they identified a number of obstacles and the uncertainties of overcoming them. In this regard, the students did not recognize the responsibility of the higher education institutions as the key responsibility or their own responsibility in relation to sustainable development, which can be related to their feeling of marginalization and the doubt that their behaviour and decisions can influence the development of the local society, as well as the development of the society as a whole. On the other hand, the respondents acknowledged the role, the importance and the responsibility of the mass media in the process of developing the attitudes towards and opinions about the problems related to environmental protection and sustainable development. Practical implications The results of the study indicate the students’ attitudes towards sustainable development, thus making the directions for higher education reform clearer and in line with the present needs for sustainable development in Serbia. The obtained results can serve as a recommendation to the governing structures, i.e. to the relevant ministries of education and environmental protection, as well as to the universities in terms of which direction their process of planning and creating paths of sustainability should take. This is particularly important in the case of the Republic of Serbia, which is currently in the process of joining the European Union and responding to the requirements set by the process of negotiation for Chapter 27 in terms of improving the strategic framework and plans for the education for sustainable development and building the capacities in response to climate change. On the other hand, linking the results of this research with the results of similar studies around the world contributes to the further enrichment of the scientific knowledge base in this field and confirms the need for stronger and united efforts on the path to a sustainable future. It is a fact that, regardless of the national, economic, socio-political and cultural context, there is a global lack of success in shaping a humane and sustainable relationship between man and nature. Therefore, the results of this research should be considered as an invitation for new research initiatives regarding the ways to support the positive attitudes of students towards the concept of sustainable development and to facilitate their further development in the educational process, as well as in other academic domains. Originality/value This research is inspired by the fact that, in the Balkan countries, education for sustainable development has not been extensively discussed within the scientific discourse on higher education for sustainable development. This is one of the first papers to provide data about students’ attitudes towards the concept of sustainable development and the need for its implementation in the higher education system in Serbia. The value of the paper lies in its potential to help understand the role that different drivers and barriers play in higher education for sustainable development.
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Maaß, Oliver, and Philipp Grundmann. "Governing Transactions and Interdependences between Linked Value Chains in a Circular Economy: The Case of Wastewater Reuse in Braunschweig (Germany)." Sustainability 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10041125.
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Reusing wastewater in agriculture has attracted increasing attention as a strategy to support the transition towards the circular economy in the water and agriculture sector. As a consequence, there is great interest in solutions for governing the transactions and interdependences between the associated value chains. This paper explores the institutions and governance structures for coordinating transactions and interdependences between actors in linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. It aims to analyze how transactions and interdependences shape the governance structures for reusing wastewater at the local level. A transaction costs analysis based on data from semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire is applied to the agricultural wastewater reuse scheme of the Wastewater Association Braunschweig (Germany). The results show that different governance structures are needed to match with the different properties and requirements of the transactions and activities between linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. Interdependences resulting from transactions between wastewater providers and farmers increase the need for hybrid and hierarchical elements in the governance structures for wastewater reuse. The authors conclude that aligning governance structures with transactions and interdependences is key to efficiently governing transactions and interdependences between linked value chains in a circular economy.
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Nongdrenkhomba, Heikrujam Nongyai, Banuru Muralidhara Prasad, Achyut Chandra Baishya, and Biraj Kanti Shome. "Local governance system for management of public health facilities: Functioning of Rogi Kalyan Samiti in North Eastern States of India." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 4, no. 2 (July 6, 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v4i2.23690.
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In India, the National Rural Health Mission envisaged of having committees with civil society representation at all publicly financed hospitals known as Rogi Kalyan Samiti (RKS), with mandate to enhance governance in hospitals. There are limited evidences about functioning of these committees in many states, especially in North Eastern (NE) states. This paper analyses the perspective of RKS members and relate to changing community- health system structure for improved governance. The study was conducted in three states Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura of NE Region of India. Using stratified sampling design, 14 RKS/facilities were selected from Manipur, 15 from Meghalaya and 11 from Tripura. Two key informants (mainly, president/secretary of RKS) were interviewed using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire in local language. The major areas of RKS operationalization identified include; constitution, finance management and activities related to health systems strengthening. RKS was constituted during 2006-07 with governing body following issuance of government of India guidelines. The funds (grants and User Fee) were utilized for purchase of furniture, bio-medical waste management etc. The governing body meetings focused mainly on ensuring services; in Tripura 72% of RKS had regular meetings and have shown improvement in functioning of facilities.Formation of RKS model paved way to a new beginning for strengthening health system with involvement of local leaders, civil society to improve governance. The functioning is derived by availability of resources, capacity of committee members and the bureaucratic process. Revision in functioning of RKS model is essential towards self-sustainability and bridge between community-health systems.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.4(2) 2014: 16-22
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Chihambakwe, Michelle, Paramu Mafongoya, and Obert Jiri. "Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture as A Pathway to Food Security: A Review Mapping the Use of Food Sovereignty." Challenges 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe10010006.
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Renewed interest in the nexus between sustainability and food security has led to growing discussions on the use of food sovereignty principles in agricultural practice. As a result of the transfiguration of the urban and socioeconomic landscape in the global South, urban and peri-urban agriculture has been touted as a potential response to increasing food insecurity in cities. Yet, both urban and peri-urban agriculture and food sovereignty have attracted cursory scholarship and programming in Zimbabwe due to fixation on more dominant rural and conventional agriculture. Beyond the rudimentary idea that the urban landscape is unfit for food production, literature has demonstrated that urban households have ingrained urban and peri-urban agriculture into their livelihoods. Regardless, institutional arrangements governing the practice remain ambivalent towards the practice, bringing to question the ability of households to fully exploit the benefits of the practice. This review underscores that failure to involve of all stakeholders undermines urban and peri-urban agriculture, consequently leading to heightened food insecurity and use of unsustainable practices. By delving into the political economy of food, we hope to stimulate discussion centered on food sovereignty within and urban spaces and beyond.
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Crișan-Mitra, Cătălina Silvia, Liana Stanca, and Dan-Cristian Dabija. "Corporate Social Performance: An Assessment Model on an Emerging Market." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104077.
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This paper investigates the priorities governing large companies in an emerging market regarding corporate social performance (CSP). The authors propose profile patterns of responsible managerial behavior and a framework for evaluating CSP relying on stakeholder theory. The study relies on a statistical analysis which is designed to examine the significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice as it emerges from company business strategies. Taking the form of an empirical study involving 87 managers, this work relies on the cluster analysis theory, identifying six behavioral patterns when considering CSR practices: “lethargic”, “compliant, “pragmatist”, “auditor”, “formalist”, and “performer”. The cluster typology indicates the complexity of CSR practices and highlights the role of CSR in company strategy development. The proposed assessment model is intended to empower CSP diagnosis, while supporting management towards achieving sustainable growth.
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Benzenine, Hamidou, Rachid Saim, Said Abboudi, and Omar Imine. "Numerical analysis of a turbulent flow in a channel provided with transversal waved baffles." Thermal Science 17, no. 3 (2013): 801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci111004099b.
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This article presents a computational analysis of the turbulent flow of air in a pipe of rectangular section provided with two waved fins sequentially arranged in the top and the bottom of the channel wall. The governing equations, based on the k-? model with Low Reynolds Number (LRN) used to describe the turbulence phenomena, are solved by the finite volume method. The velocity and pressure terms of momentum equations are solved by the SIMPLEC algorithm. The profiles of axial velocity, the velocity fields and the drag coefficient were obtained and presented for all the geometry considered and for selected sections, namely, upstream, downstream and between the two waved baffles. This contribution lead to results which were analyzed by the use of the solid, plane baffles, waved and inclined with active degrees of 0? up to 45? with a step equal to 15 degree and directed towards the left. Over the range of the study, the undulation of the baffles induced with an improvement on the skin friction of about 9.91 % in the case of ?=15?, more than 16% in the other cases, and concerning the pressure loss, the undulation of the baffles was insured improvements starter from 10,43% in all cases compared with the baffles of plane form.
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Cirillo, Andrea, Giovanna Tomaiuolo, and Stefano Guido. "Membrane Fouling Phenomena in Microfluidic Systems: From Technical Challenges to Scientific Opportunities." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070820.
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The almost ubiquitous, though undesired, deposition and accumulation of suspended/dissolved matter on solid surfaces, known as fouling, represents a crucial issue strongly affecting the efficiency and sustainability of micro-scale reactors. Fouling becomes even more detrimental for all the applications that require the use of membrane separation units. As a matter of fact, membrane technology is a key route towards process intensification, having the potential to replace conventional separation procedures, with significant energy savings and reduced environmental impact, in a broad range of applications, from water purification to food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite all the research efforts so far, fouling still represents an unsolved problem. The complex interplay of physical and chemical mechanisms governing its evolution is indeed yet to be fully unraveled and the role played by foulants’ properties or operating conditions is an area of active research where microfluidics can play a fundamental role. The aim of this review is to explore fouling through microfluidic systems, assessing the fundamental interactions involved and how microfluidics enables the comprehension of the mechanisms characterizing the process. The main mathematical models describing the fouling stages will also be reviewed and their limitations discussed. Finally, the principal dynamic investigation techniques in which microfluidics represents a key tool will be discussed, analyzing their employment to study fouling.
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Arguelles, Lucia. "Entangled alternatives: political-economic conditions constructing farmer training programs as solutions to the farming crisis." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 1148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23241.
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This article contributes to debates about the potential of alternative food networks and their contradictions using sustainability-oriented farmer training programs as a case study. I provide an empirical account of the political-economic structures at play in the construction of farmer trainings as a solution to the farming crisis, as well as the possibilities and tensions herein. I argue that that the main rationale framing the farming problem in the public-institutional discourse – namely the apolitical production of a scarcity of farmers – and its discursive usage in popular and institutional circles directs the solution towards the urgent production of more farmers who will farm sustainably and independently of the current structural conditions in which farming is embedded. On the ground, this apolitical ecology is sustained by philanthropism and consumption elitism. In addition, the making of FTPs as an intervention to solve the farming crisis is determined by neoliberal governance structures that promote the devolution of power into the NGO sector and responsibilization of individuals. I finally call for a broader and non-binary vision to alternatives, in which political ecology perspectives bring relevant tools and insights. The case of FTPs throws light into the particular governmentalities, forms of governing at-a-distance, and whiteness associated with sustainable farming and agriculture, and the way society thinks of it.Keywords: farmer training programs, emergent farmers, sustainable agriculture, alternatives, alternative food networks, NGOization of farming, power, privilege, California
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Kaman, Zeittey Karmilla, Siti Fatihah Salleh, and Waznatol Widad Mohamad Ishak. "RENEWABLE ENERGY AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.738.
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Research Highlights
This paper aims to assess the current progress of RE in this country and identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards RE policy development. The extensive review presented in this work offers a useful reference for policy makers, corporate managers and researchers who have vested interest in business sustainability and renewable energy related studies.
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Research Objectives
The objectives of this study is to explore the evolving concept of business sustainability towards environmental concern and to identify the impact of business sustainability idea towards Malaysia’s policy development on RE deployment.
Methodology
This is conceptual paper where the authors tend to make the analysis by exploring particular theories on business sustainability, renewable energy (RE), and the engagement of RE activities on Malaysia policy development.
Results
All energy sources have some impact and benefit on our environment. For instance, renewable energy (RE) is energy resource that naturally replenished over time and always can be generated such as solar, wind and hydro energy. However, if the rate of use exceeds the rate of renewal, gradually it will become unsustainable. Thus, to have a sustainable energy which defined as energy production that can last for the foreseeable future is crucial and become main focus of recent national policies, strategies and development plan as of many countries. Malaysia energy consumption still heavily depended on the non- renewable energies (RE) such as fossil fuel and natural gases. Unfortunately, the use of the non-RE is unsustainable and can contribute adversely towards the environment and economic performance of a country. Renewable energy is brought to play as it is believed sustainable and has the potential to thrive in infinitely competitive market of contemporary business nowadays. Therefore, in 2009, the government of Malaysia has announced a National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (NREPAP) as part of their commitment to accelerate the growth of RE as an alternatives energy sources for the coming years. Moving onwards, a strong policy is needed to tackle the challenges in meeting the demand, energy security and also the affordability of energy pricing. Thus, in energy security dimension, perhaps the government should put attention on renewable energy by engaging more on the alternative mechanism to deploy RE capacity through program such as Large-Scale Solar PV, Net Metering as at current practices and also other new initiative like green certificates. The exploration on new RE resource such as wind, geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) also could assist in build up a new opportunity to enlarge the share of renewable energy mix percentage and ensure the future energy security (UNDP, 2007)
Findings
The energy industry is changing fast and in multiple directions. It is also regularly known as the catalyst for development in a country. Realizing the importance of energy as a vital dimension in economic and social development, the government of Malaysia has been continuously reviewing its energy policy and practices to ensure long-term sustainability, reliability and security of energy supply (Mohamed & Lee, 2006). The private sector even the communities should also be more corporate in social responsibilities and make compromises for instance by participating in green programs and accepting longer payback periods in RE projects. Nevertheless, continuous efforts and strong support from the societies are vital to ensure RE development can reach its maximum potential. This effort is also supported by (Dincer, 2000) and (Wutenhagen, Wolsink, & Buer, 2007) where they are stressed that increases the public awareness and acceptance on RE, it is as the initial step to make the sustainable energy program successful. This is done through the media, professional organizations, public and government channels. In conclusion, since there is still insufficient insight to critically reasoning the RE development in aspect of business and sustainability, the paper insists to contributes more to the research on energy policies enhancement in Malaysia particularly. This could be a challenge on governing agenda that involves a series of tradeoffs, market players, organizations and companies (Oliveira, 2018) and these efforts are important to ensure the future success of the RE development in Malaysia.
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) for the fund granted through the Internal Grant (UNIIG2019), Project code: J510050852.
References
Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), 157–175.
Mohamed, A. R., & Lee, K. T. (2006). Energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: Energy policy and alternative energy. Energy Policy, 34(15), 2388–2397.
Oliveira, R. L. De. (2018). Powering the future : Malaysia ’ s energy policy challenges. Kuala Lumpur: IDEAS Policy Research Berhad.
UNDP, United Nations Development Programme. (2007). Energy and Poverty in Malaysia: Challenges and the Way Forward. UNDP.
Wutenhagen, R., Wolsink, M., & Buer, M. J. (2007). Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy Policy, 35, 2683–2691.
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Poznic, Michael, and Erik Fisher. "The Integrative Expert: Moral, Epistemic, and Poietic Virtues in Transformation Research." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810416.
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Over the past 50 years, policy makers have sought to shape new and emerging technologies in light of societal risks, public values, and ethical concerns. While much of this work has taken place during “upstream” research prioritization and “downstream” technology regulation, the actual “midstream” work of engineers and other technical experts has increasingly been seen as a site for governing technology in society. This trend towards “socio-technical integration” is reflected in various governance frameworks such as Sustainable Development (SD), Technology Assessment (TA), and Responsible Innovation (RI) that are at the center of transformation research. Discussions around SD, TA, and RI often focus on meso- and macro-level processes and dynamics, with less attention paid to the qualities of individuals that are needed to support transformation processes. We seek to highlight the importance of micro-level practices by drawing attention to the virtues of technical experts. Drawing on empirical study results from embedding philosophical-reflective dialogues within science and engineering laboratories, we claim that poietic, as well as moral and epistemic, virtues belong to those required of technical experts who foster integrative practices in transformation research.
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Nazri, Muhamad Azrin, Nor Asiah Omar, Aini Aman, Abu Hanifah Ayob, and Nur Ainna Ramli. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Performance in Takaful Agencies: The Moderating Role of Objective Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 8291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208291.
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The previous research on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and business performance produced mixed findings. Scholars exerted the mixed findings are largely influenced by several factors and contexts where different markets, type of companies, industries, and countries would show different results. On that basis, this study examines how the dimensions of objective environment influence the relationship between CSR dimensions and the business performance of Takaful agencies in Malaysia. Malaysia was chosen as the country because it is among the largest Takaful contributors in the world. Stakeholder and contingency theory are used to analyze the hypothetical relationship between the variables. Questionnaires were distributed to Takaful agency managers who operate their businesses in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor state. About 211 of them participated in this study. The empirical findings suggest that economic and ethical activities have a direct influence on Takaful agencies’ business performance. Further results imply that while environmental dynamism influences business performance directly, environmental complexity significantly moderates the relationship between legal, philanthropy, and business performance. This research considered only the direct effect of CSR activities and the moderating effect of environmental dimensions on business performance with only the agency managers’ perspective studied. It adds new insights to the CSR and Takaful literature by revealing the relationship between the dimensions of CSR and business performance in the Takaful context, and sheds light on how governing authorities and Takaful operators should implement the CSR strategy and activities to make the industry successful in Malaysia and around the world, as Takaful businesses are heading towards becoming a global industry.
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Foundjem-Tita, Divine, Ann Degrande, and Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem. "National and International Policies and Policy Instruments in the Development of Agroforestry in Chad." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 9200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169200.
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The potential of agroforestry to improve livelihoods and mitigate climate change and environmental degradation has been widely recognized, especially within the context of climate-smart agriculture. However, agroforestry opportunities have not been fully exploited because of several reasons, among which are adverse policies and legislations. However, many countries do not have a full understanding of how their policy and institutional environment may affect agroforestry development. We aim to fill this gap by looking at the particular case of Chad. The method used included examining data from: (i) literature reviews of important national and international polices, strategies, and legislation governing access to land and trees, among which are ‘La Loi 14’, Chad’s 2010 poverty reduction strategy paper, draft zero of the National Environmental Policy, (ii) interviews and focus group discussions with NGOs, government officials, and farmers, and (iii) surveys with 100 households. Results show that Chad has no specific agroforestry policy but opportunities for agroforestry can be found in some of the above-mentioned policy documents and government strategies. Most stakeholders interviewed had positive attitudes towards agroforestry, but uptake of the practice is handicapped by poor understanding of the forestry law by farmers and forestry officials. Gaps in existing laws give room for rent-seekers to collect individual (USD 272–909) and collective (USD 36–1818) access fees to trees on both forest and farmland. We propose that the government of Chad should unmask elements of agroforestry in existing policies and policy instruments to demonstrate its importance in responding to livelihood and environmental challenges in the country.
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Li, Congcong, Shuoliang Wang, Qing You, and Chunlei Yu. "A New Measurement of Anisotropic Relative Permeability and Its Application in Numerical Simulation." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164731.
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In this paper, we used a self-developed anisotropic cubic core holder to test anisotropic relative permeability by the unsteady-states method, and introduced the anisotropic relative permeability to the traditional numerical simulator. The oil–water two-phase governing equation considering the anisotropic relative permeability is established, and the difference discretization is carried out. We formed a new oil–water two-phase numerical simulation method. It is clear that in a heterogeneous rock with millimeter to centimeter scale laminae, relative permeability is an anisotropic tensor. When the displacement direction is parallel to the bedding, the residual oil saturation is high and the displacement efficiency is low. The greater the angle between the displacement direction and the bedding strike, the lower the residual oil saturation is, the higher the displacement efficiency is, and the relative permeability curve tends towards a rightward shift. The new simulator showed that the anisotropic relative permeability not only affects the breakthrough time and sweep range of water flooding, but also has a significant influence on the overall water cut. The new simulator is validated with the actual oilfield model. It could describe the law of oil–water seepage in an anisotropic reservoir, depict the law of remaining oil distribution of a typical fluvial reservoir, and provide technical support for reasonable injection-production directions.
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Ogundiwin, Aaron Ola, Joel N. Nwachukwu, and Funminiyi Jacob Babajide. "A Theoretic Perspective on Critical Communications, Mass Media and Effectual Democracy in Nigeria." Asian Social Science 16, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n8p82.
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In contemporary times, democracy has become the political buzzword and, indeed, the basic acceptable form of government with the emergence of liberalism which links democracy with freedom, consent, and political and legal equality. The mass media – which include newspapers, radio and television – play a prominent role in governance and democratic sustainability of any state. In fact, it is a truism that the media serve as the watchdog of governmental activities, ensuring that quality information with which the governed can hold their leaders accountable is made available. The mass media were actively involved in the struggles against colonialism and military rule, as well as the eventual restoration of democratic government in Nigeria. However, in Nigeria, the mass media are fast becoming a pawn in the hands of the government and party in power in particular, and are found in conspiracy with the political elite class in general. This article takes on the contributions of the mass media to effectual democracy in Nigeria. Using agenda setting theoretical framework, it x-rays the effectiveness and shortcomings of the media in delivering on its mandate as the fourth estate of the realm towards ensuring that democratic practices in Nigeria produce the intended result of promoting good and inclusive governance. The paper adopts qualitative research design with data drawn from secondary sources only. It equally uses descriptive and content data analysis. It is found that the mass media have indeed been the middlemen in entrenching democracy in Nigeria but these efforts are being undermined by pecuniary, ownership, political and structural-institutional influences. It is concluded that while the mass media strive to ensure the general inclusion of the populace in the process of governing which fulfills a core democratic tenet, they can do more to overcome the challenges. Among other things, this paper recommends that the government should be deliberate in guaranteeing the freedom of the press to allow for free transmission of information between the government and the people without fear or favour, and likewise, the press should be professional, objective, critical and independent in their reportage, embracing the virtue of investigative journalism.
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Miller, Michelle Ann, Mike Douglass, and Jonathan Rigg. "Governing resilient cities for planetary flourishing in the Asia-Pacific." Urban Studies 57, no. 7 (March 13, 2020): 1359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098020903955.
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For the first time in 2019, the Asia-Pacific became a majority urban region. The unprecedented pace and magnitude of urbanisation across Asia and the Pacific has exposed tens of millions of urban residents to heightened risks and vulnerabilities associated with the expanding ecological footprint of urban energy, food and water demands and the increasingly severe effects of global climate change. This special issue directs attention toward the challenges, innovations and examples of best practice in environmental governance for urban resilience in the Asia-Pacific region. Our understanding of urban resilience is tied to the concept of planetary flourishing that links the health and well-being of urban populations with sustainability behaviours that promote regeneration of the biosphere while redistributing environmental risks and benefits in more socially inclusive and equitable ways.
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Cavicchi, Caterina, and Emidia Vagnoni. "Sustainability performance measurement inside academia." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 14, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 138–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-04-2016-0022.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the process of implementation of a sustainability performance measurement (SPM) system by a North Italian university, which was constructed based on a participatory multi-stakeholders’ approach. In addition, it provides evidence on the use of outcome indicators. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a single exploratory case study research. Findings The process of implementation of the new SPM system started with the intervention of an academic in accounting who acted as a propeller. The adoption of the framework required a shared meaning of sustainability among different stakeholders and indicators to track the shift toward sustainable development (SD). Despite the authors could not prove the stable adoption of the framework for the future, as new governing bodies were appointed in Beta, that framework could be considered a valid attempt to move from a single projects’ evaluation on sustainability performance to a systemic approach and introduce outcome indicators in performance appraisal. The framework supported university’s decision-making related to SD actions. Research limitations/implications Difficulties in the measurement process were linked to the information system which was not designed to allow the collection of some of the newly introduced sustainability data. However, an attempt to introduce a personalized assessment tool fostered the improvement of planning activities for 2015. Originality/value The originality of the paper is twofold: first, it represents an attempt to discuss the process of implementation of a SPM system that was designed by a participatory multi-stakeholders’ approach. Second, the framework was designed to consider also outcomes’ indicators as urged by scholars calling universities to promote the shift toward a sustainable society.
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Reynolds, Jesse L. "Governing New Biotechnologies for Biodiversity Conservation: Gene Drives, International Law, and Emerging Politics." Global Environmental Politics 20, no. 3 (August 2020): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00567.
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The outdoor use of organisms modified with gene drives—emerging biotechnologies of biased inheritance—could further human well-being and biodiversity conservation, yet also poses environmental risks and diverse social challenges. This article describes and analyzes the international law and politics of gene drives’ research, development, and possible use, with an emphasis on their potential biodiversity applications. The Convention on Biological Diversity is central, and its institutions and others have taken actions toward governing gene drive organisms. Gene drives’ governance and politics are contrasted with those of agricultural genetically modified organisms, with emphases on states, nonstate actors, the precautionary approach, and decision-making forums. Developing and implementing governance—especially in international forums—for gene drives may prove to be difficult. The observations and analysis here indicate that the politics of gene drive organisms is a manifestation of a larger struggle regarding emerging technologies among those concerned about sustainability.
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Roy, Vivek, Parikshit Charan, Tobias Schoenherr, and B. S. Sahay. "Ensuring supplier participation toward addressing sustainability-oriented objectives of the mid-day meal supply chain." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 456–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2016-0297.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and further explain the phenomena of supplier participation in addressing the sustainability-oriented objectives of a supply chain. Specifically, the paper explains how a buyer can integrate sustainability concerns among its suppliers. The study is based in the context of the Indian school feeding (mid-day meal) program and approaches the issue from the perspective of a mid-day meal provider. Design/methodology/approach This paper first explains how the mid-day meal providers in India explicitly address the social and economic dimensions of sustainability. Thereby, it conducts an exploratory case study on a renowned meal provider with the objective to understand the nature of its efforts toward supplier participation through in-depth interviews. Findings As evident in the case, from the buyer’s perspective, the key to success in winning supplier participation in addressing the sustainability-oriented supply chain objectives largely revolves around efforts along the critical aspects of policy development, policy implementation, and intent building with suppliers. Originality/value This paper propagates a threefold value by outlining the central importance of the focus on efforts and challenges for understanding supplier participation in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). First, the paper is among the initial studies to focus on ground-level efforts and challenges for a mid-day meal provider, and outlines best practices. Second, the case presents revelatory insights on SSCM from the perspective of supplier participation. For example, it demonstrates the relevance of supply-chain-based social identification in governing supplier willingness to participate in a buyer’s SSCM. Third, the findings also extend critical implications toward SSCM theory and practice.
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Le Blanc, Marie-France. "Two Tales of Municipal Reorganization: Toronto's and Montreal's Diverging Paths Toward Regional Governance and Social Sustainability." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 3 (September 2006): 571–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906060252.
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Abstract.In Toronto and Montreal, territorial reorganizations modified the arrangements governing regional cooperation, the channels for citizen participation, and the composition of the civic community, all important factors that define the margins local authorities have to control and shape economic and social development. In both cases, these changes brought about a realignment of local civic forces and modified political arrangements at the metropolitan level, leading each city to break from its former path of development.Résumé.Les réorganisations territoriales de Toronto et Montréal ont modifié les paramètres guidant la coopération régionale, les modes de participation des citoyens et la composition de la communauté civique, soit autant de facteurs déterminant les marges de manœuvre des autorités locales pour encadrer le développement économique et social. Dans les deux cas, ces changements ont modifié les institutions politiques métropolitaines et ont amené les deux villes à s'engager dans de nouvelles avenues.