Journal articles: 'Government-binding theory (Linguistics)'

1

Leonard, Laurence B., and Diane Frome Loeb. "Government-Binding Theory and Some of Its Applications." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 4 (December 1988): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3104.515.

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Government-Binding Theory is the dominant theory of grammar in present-day linguistics, and is receiving increasing attention from investigators of normal and disordered language behavior. This paper serves as a general introduction to the theory and provides a number of examples of its application.

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AMANO, MASACHIYO. "ON THE GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY AND DERIVED NOMINALS." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 3 (1986): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.3.1.

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Whaley, Lindsay J., and Gert Webelhuth. "Government and Binding Theory and the Minimalist Program." Language 73, no. 4 (December 1997): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417336.

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4

Pulvermüller, Friedemann. "What Neurobiology Can Buy Language Theory." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 17, no. 1 (March 1995): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100013772.

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In their paper on Universal Grammar, language acquisition, and neurobiology, Eubank and Gregg (1995) attack current attempts to specify the neurobiological correlates of language acquisition. While these authors address a large variety of topics, they make two major assertions that call for brief discussion.First, they believe that some neurobiological accounts of language acquisition must be rejected because the authors of these accounts “give no evidence of knowing what it is that needs to be explained” (p. 53). Eubank and Gregg argue that only a language acquisition theory rooted in Government and Binding theory can be the basis of a neurobiological account of language acquisition. Government and Binding theory must be chosen because, according to these authors, it is the only welldeveloped theory of linguistic competence. To put it in a nutshell, “It is [language] acquisition theory that sets the problems for neurobiology to solve” (p. 53), and acquisition theory must conform to the Government and Binding approach. This master-and-slave view of the relationship between linguistics and biology is hard to accept, especially if one considers what Eubank and Gregg have to say about the master: Like most generative linguists, they do not hesitate to emphasize that the only well-developed linguistic theory is "not complete, of course, not yet correct in all or even most of its details, and perhaps not even in some of its fundamentals" (p. 51). It is inadequate to postulate that such a potentially insufficient construct must necessarily form the basis of biological research. This strategy may be unproductive, especially if theory-internal assumptions turn out to be wrong.

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Beukema, Frits, and Peter Coopmans. "A Government-Binding perspective on the imperative in English." Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 2 (September 1989): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670001416x.

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Culicover (1976:152) states that ‘the imperative is an idiosyncratic construction in most languages’. One of the aims of this article is to show that as far as this construction in the English language is concerned, this is an overstatement if we give careful consideration to the structural properties of this construction in a restrictive framework such as Government-Binding theory. Given the proposals in current generative grammar concerning the relations between COMP, INFL, V and their corresponding projections, it is worth investigating what the syntactic representation of the imperative may look like.

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Owen, Marion, and Noam Chomsky. "Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding." Modern Language Review 81, no. 3 (July 1986): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3729191.

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Bender, M. Lionel. "ELIZABETH A. COWPER. A concise introduction to syntactic theory (The government-binding approach)." WORD 45, no. 1 (April 1, 1994): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1994.12098341.

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Jacobsen, Bent. "(Tomme) NPer i moderne generativ syntaktisk teori (1. del)." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 1, no. 1 (July 17, 2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v1i1.21338.

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The present paper takes its point of departure in the concept of empty NP-categories, as this is embodied in a more comprehensive theory of NPs. The theoretical framework adopted is mainly that expouned in Chomsky: Lextures on Government and Binding (1981) and subsequent works (though no attempt has been made to incorporate the revised model presented in Chomsky: Barriers (1986)). The paper gives a brief introduction to the main modules of a modern generative grammar (X-bar syntax;0-theory; government (including proper government and the Extended Empty Category Principle); the theory of abstract Case; the theory of Binding; and the theory of Bouding). The paper falls into two parts. In the first part the basic modules and principles are introduced. In the second part, to be published in the next issue of Hermes, it will be shown how these modules interact in the derivation of sentences. Particular attention will be paid to NP-Movement and Wh-Movement. A separate section will deal with the status of PRO. The full bibliography appears after both parts.

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Jacobsen, Bent. "(Tomme) NPer i moderne generativ syntaktisk teori (2. del)." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 1, no. 2 (July 17, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v1i2.21352.

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The present paper takes its point of departure in the concept of empty NP-categories, as this is embodied in a more comprehensive theory of NPs. The theoretical framework adopted is mainly that expouned in Chomsky: Lextures on Government and Binding (1981) and subsequent works (though no attempt has been made to incorporate the revised model presented in Chomsky: Barriers (1986)). The paper gives a brief introduction to the main modules of a modern generative grammar (X-bar syntax;0-theory; government (including proper government and the Extended Empty Category Principle); the theory of abstract Case; the theory of Binding; and the theory of Bouding). The paper falls into two parts. In the first part the basic modules and principles are introduced. In the second part, to be published in the next issue of Hermes, it will be shown how these modules interact in the derivation of sentences. Particular attention will be paid to NP-Movement and Wh-Movement. A separate section will deal with the status of PRO. The full bibliography appears after both parts.

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10

Ernst, Thomas. "The Syntax of Adverbials." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011619-030334.

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After explicit phrase structure rules were abandoned in government–binding theory, some account of the distribution of adverbials became necessary. This review surveys two current theories. The first, often called the scopal theory, posits that the main factor is semantics: In general, adverbials can appear wherever they cause no violation of semantic well-formedness. Purely syntactic and morphological factors play a role, but it is a relatively minor one. Though the scopal theory predicts a significant range of adverbial distribution correctly, much of its underlying semantic analysis remains to be developed in explicit terms. The second theory discussed in this review, the cartographic theory, takes syntax as central, proposing that adverbials are individually licensed by dedicated functional heads, arranged in a rigid hierarchy by Universal Grammar. This approach has some empirical successes but also a number of problems; thus, the scopal theory is more likely to represent the right direction.

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Visser, Marianna W. "Aspects of empty categories in Xhosa within the theory of government and binding." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 1 (January 1985): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586587.

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12

Morris, Rose. "Teun Hoekstra, Transitivity. Grammatical relations in government-binding theory. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1984. Pp. 311." Journal of Linguistics 21, no. 2 (September 1985): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010410.

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13

Horrocks, Geoffrey. "Liliane Haegeman, Introduction to Government and Binding theory. Oxford & Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991. Pp. xix + 618." Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (September 1992): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670001553x.

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Battistella, Edwin, and Peter Sells. "Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories: An Introduction to Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexical-Functional Grammar." Language 64, no. 1 (March 1988): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414809.

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15

Qu, Yanfeng. "Locative Inversion in Mandarin Chinese." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 38, no. 3 (September 1993): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100022520.

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Locative inversion is a common linguistic phenomenon that has been studied by linguists of various theoretical backgrounds (see, among others, Bresnan 1990, Demuth 1990, Hoekstra and Mulder 1990, and Rochemont and Culicover 1990). This paper is an attempt to analyse such a phenomenon in Mandarin Chinese within the framework of Government and Binding (GB) Theory. Its purpose is twofold: to investigate the syntactic properties of this particular construction, and to illustrate the relevance of Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS) to syntactic analyses within the GB paradigm.

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Sveen, Andreas. "Comparative Scandinavian syntax circa 1980–2000." Languages in Contrast 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.3.1.06sve.

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This article offers an overview of comparative syntactic research covering the Scandinavian languages in the last couple of decades. Most of this research has been conducted within Principles-and-Parameters theory, mostly its Government-Binding phase, and a brief outline of theoretical developments in the 70’s leading up GB theory is included. Comparative Scandinavian syntax research is exemplified both by studies contrasting Scandinavian languages as a whole with English, by studies examining contrasts between Insular and Mainland Scandinavian, and finally with regard to some internal Mainland Scandinavian differences.

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17

Levinson, Stephen C. "Pragmatics and the grammar of anaphora: a partial pragmatic reduction of Binding and Control phenomena." Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 2 (September 1987): 379–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011324.

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The properties of gaps are intrinsically significant in that the language learner can confront little direct evidence bearing on them, so that it is reasonable to assume that they reflect deeper principles of UG, the biologically determined endowment that will be the primary concern for those interested more in the nature of the human mind than in the arrangement of data in the environment (Chomsky, 1982:19.Some concepts and consequences of the theory of Government and Binding).

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Sato, Yosuke. "One-replacement and the label-less theory of adjuncts." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 55, no. 3 (November 2010): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001638.

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The proper treatment of adjuncts has been a central issue in syntactic theory since the 1980s. In the X'-theoretic analysis in the Government and Binding (GB) Theory (Chomsky 1981, 1986), they were commonly treated as optional elements attached to an intermediate or maximal projection of the head they modify. However, this treatment has been shown to be no longer tenable in the more recent Bare Phrase Structure (BPS) Theory for several conceptual reasons (Chomsky 1995: ch. 4), which renders the status of adjuncts all the more puzzling. Recently, however, Hornstein and Nunes (2008) (henceforth H&N) have proposed a new theory of adjuncts that conforms to the precepts of the BPS. It proposes that adjuncts need not be labeled for purposes of syntactic computation in contrast to complements and specifiers, which require the result of concatenation to be labeled. This squib presents new evidence for H&N's theory from one-replacement.

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19

Huang, Yan. "A neo-Gricean pragmatic theory of anaphora." Journal of Linguistics 27, no. 2 (September 1991): 301–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700012706.

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Anaphora clearly involves syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors. Although it is generally acknowledged that pragmatic factors are predominant in discourse anaphora, it is equally widely held (especially among Government-Binding (GB) theorists) that only syntactic and semantic factors are crucial to intrasentential anaphora. In this article, I shall argue, in the spirit of an ongoing debate about the ‘division of labour’ between grammar and pragmatics regarding anaphora (Reinhart, 1983a, b, 1986; Kempson, 1984a, b, 1988a, b; Levinson, 1987a, b, 1991; Yan Huang, 1987a, 1989), that contrary to this popular but erroneous view, the contribution of pragmatics to anaphora is much more fundamental than has been commonly believed, even at the heart of intrasentential anaphora, at least with respect to languages like Chinese. Such a position, if established, would seem to decrease the plausibility of Chomsky's (1981, 1982, 1986) claim that anaphora, and zero anaphora in particular, have a privileged access to the alleged underlying principles of the innate Universal Grammar (UG), the biologically determined endowment of the human mind.

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20

Levin, Beth, and Grace Song. "Making Sense of Corpus Data." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 23–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.2.1.04lev.

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This paper demonstrates the essential role of corpus data in the development of a theory that explains and predicts word behavior. We make this point through a case study of verbs of sound, drawing our evidence primarily from the British National Corpus. We begin by considering pretheoretic notions of the verbs of sound as presented in corpus-based dictionaries and then contrast them with the predictions made by a theory of syntax, as represented by Chomsky's Government-Binding framework. We identify and classify the transitive uses of sixteen representative verbs of sound found in the corpus data. Finally, we consider what a linguistic account with both syntactic and lexical semantic components has to offer as an explanation of observed differences in the behavior of the sample verbs.

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Dubinsky, Stanley. "Gert Webelhuth (ed.), Government and binding theory and the minimalist program. Oxford & Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1995. Pp.ix+483." Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 2 (September 1996): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700016017.

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Joseph, John E. "‘Core’ and ‘Periphery’ in Historical Perspective." Historiographia Linguistica 19, no. 2-3 (January 1, 1992): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.19.2-3.06jos.

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Summary This article traces the changing fortunes of Chomsky’s concepts of ‘core’ and ‘periphery’, from the beginnings of Government and Binding Theory in the late 1970s to the incipient minimalism of the early 1990s. Ten different characterizations of core and periphery are found in Chomsky’s work of the period, which alternatively questions the need for the distinction and promotes it to central theoretical status. Core and periphery are found to pertain to several different conceptual and phenomenological levels: universality, systematicity, typology, and historicity. Furthermore, they covertly recapitulate some of the oldest dichotomies of linguistic thought: nature/convention, analogy/anomaly, synchronic/diachronic, and marked/unmarked. The conclusions reached support recent changes in the theory which greatly reduce the prominence of the core/periphery distinction.

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Montalbetti, Mario. "H. VAN RIEMSDIJK AND EDWIN WILLIAMS, /ntroduction to the Theory of Grammar, Cambridge. (The MIT Press) 1986, xvi + 366 pp." Lexis 11, no. 1 (April 11, 1987): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/lexis.198701.005.

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Con la publicación en 1981 de sus Lectures on Government and Binding (Dordrecht, Foris) Noam Chomsky inauguró (al menos editorialmente ya que las ideas se venían discutiendo hacía dos o tres años) el nuevo modelo generativo.Este nuevo modelo (denominado GB, las iniciales de los dos procesos aludidos en el título del libro de Chomsky) supone un cambio fundamental de enfoques y concepción de la teoría gramatical respecto de los modelos generativos anteriores.

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Spencer, Andrew. "Nominal inflection and the nature of functional categories." Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (September 1992): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015243.

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There is a widespread assumption within the Government–Binding theory as it has developed from the Barriers model (Chomsky 1986) that functional categories, that is, categories which play a role in establishing dependencies between parts of a sentence, as opposed to lexical categories, should be represented as heads projecting X-bar phrases. I shall refer to this as the Full Functional Projection Hypothesis (FFPH), stated informally in (1). (i) Full Functional Projection Hypothesis Any morphophonosyntactic formative which corresponds to a functional category in a given language is syntactically the head of a maximal projection.

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Etxepare, Ricardo, and Ángel J. Gallego. "A Note on Parameter Setting in Contact Situations." Languages 7, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7010034.

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This paper revisits the study of linguistic variation within the Government and Binding approach to parameters, pointing out some limitations of parameter schemata in language contact scenarios. Discussion is focused on the possibility that clustering effects (the schemata themselves) are more complex than conventional approaches suggest. We outline an alternative approach, directly connected to Uriagereka’s typology or parameters, which is itself based on Chomsky’s Theory of Formal Languages. Empirically, we focus on language contact situations, as they provide cases where variation by contact operates under what we call an Excess of Stimulus, whereby access to the relevant data is overwhelming, but somehow ignored by learners.

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Maling, Joan, and Annie Zaenen. "Preposition-Stranding and Passive." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 1985): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001335.

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Various linguists working within the theory of Government and Binding (e.g. Hornstein & Weinberg (1981), Kayne (1981)) have attempted to provide a unified account of preposition-stranding. This article uses evidence from Icelandic to show that preposition-stranding is not a unified phenomenon. Although Icelandic freely allows preposition-stranding in wh-movement constructions, it lacks prepositional passives in which the prepositional object of an active verb corresponds to the grammatical subject of a passive verb. Various syntactic tests which distinguish between grammatical subjects and topicalized NPs are used to demonstrate this. Our conclusion is that while lexical reanalysis is needed to account for prepositional passives, no such reanalysis is warranted for preposition-stranding due to wh-movement; hence, an adequate theory of preposition-stranding must allow for two separate parameters.

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Horrocks, Geoffrey, and Melita Stavrou. "Bounding theory and Greek syntax: evidence forwh-movement in NP." Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 1 (March 1987): 79–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670001104x.

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It is a standard assumption of government-binding theory that the relationship between a constituent displaced by the transformational rule schema Move α and its trace is subject to the locality condition known as subjacency, the central principle of the subtheory of universal grammar known as bounding theory (Chomsky, 1981, 1982, 1986). Subjacency requires that not more than one ‘barrier’ intervene between a moved constituent and its trace, but the definition of the relevant barriers has been, and remains, an issue of considerable controversy. In Chomsky (1977) it is suggested that NP and one of S or S¯ are the ‘bounding nodes’ for English, and many standard textbooks have since argued for NP and S (e.g. Radford, 1981: Ch. 7; van Riemsdijk & Williams, 1986: Ch. 4). Nevertheless, the possibility of cross-linguistic parametric variation may have to be allowed for, since Rizzi (1978) makes out a case for S¯ rather than S as the clausal bounding node for Italian in order to account for the freedom of extraction from so-called ‘wh-islands’ in that language. Chomsky (1980), however, puts forward the possibility that S¯ may be a bounding node universally, and that languages vary according to whether S is also. If it is, then there will be no long-distance movement (cf. standard German and Russian) unless individual verbs are specified in the lexicon as ‘bridges’ which nullify the barrierhood of S¯ (cf. the majority of verbs subcategorized by clausal complements in English). This view is revised and refined in Chomsky (1981: 307), where S¯ is taken to be a bounding node universally when it includes a complementizer orwh-phrase preceding a finite clause, in which case the finite clause S may also optionally be a barrier, and S is taken to be a bounding node when it is governed, as is the case after S¯-deletion in the complements of ‘raising’ predicates. Finally, Chomsky (1986) seeks to unite the definition of barrier for the purposes both of movement and government, assuming two barriers block movement and one barrier blocks government, by proposing that any ungoverned maximal projection is a barrier, and that any maximal projection immediately dominating such a barrier, whether lexically governed or not, is also a barrier by inheritance.

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Martin, Roger. "Null Case and the Distribution of PRO." Linguistic Inquiry 32, no. 1 (January 2001): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438901554612.

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Chomsky and Lasnik (1993) argue convincingly that PRO has null Case, checked by nonfinite T, and suggest that this may explain PRO's narrow distribution. However, their analysis falls short of reaching this goal. Here, I refine the theory of null Case so as to fully account for the distribution of empty and lexical subjects of nonfinite clauses, concluding that this minimalist analysis is more explanatory than earlier ones based on the theories of binding and government. In particular, I argue that whether or not nonfinite T can check null Case depends crucially on its temporal properties and present a number of empirical arguments supporting this conclusion.

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Savini-Beck, Marina. "Elizabeth A. Cowper, A concise introduction to syntactic theory. The Government–Binding approach. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992. Pp. 205." Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 2 (September 1993): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000451.

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Shapiro, Lewis P. "Tutorial." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 2 (April 1997): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4002.254.

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This paper is intended as an introduction to syntax. Borrowing from Chomsky's Government & Binding and Principles & Parameters frameworks (Chomsky, 1986, 1992, 1995), various aspects of syntactic theory are described. These include lexical, functional, and phrasal categories and how they are put together into clauses and sentences, how words are represented in the mental lexicon, how lexical properties project to the syntax, and how noun phrases are assigned structural and semantic information. Additionally, how sentences that are not canonically ordered are derived and represented, how and to what do pronouns refer, and the principles that connect all these theoretical notions to form knowledge of language are described. The paper concludes with a summary of work in normal and disordered language, including treatment of language disorders, that has exploited aspects of the syntactic theory described in this paper.

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Campos, Héctor. "Impersonal Passive "Se" in Spanish." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.13.1.02cam.

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Within the last twenty years and in the framework of transformational grammar at least seven kinds of se have been proposed: spurious se, reflexive se, reciprocal se, pronominal se, impersonal se, passive se and se moyen. Each of these se's shows its own syntactic and semantic characteristics. In this article, in the framework of the Theory of Government and Binding, an eighth type of se, the impersonal passive se, is proposed. Similar to the passive se, it is passive in interpretation; however, unlike passive se, and similar to the impersonal se, it has an impersonal subject. The different syntactic properties this new se exhibits are shown to follow from the principles of universal grammar.

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Hussein, Obeidat, Wahsheh Rua, and Tawalbeh Sakha. "Arabic as a Polysynthetic Language: Evidence From the Holy Qur’an." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1303.09.

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Arabic is a Semitic language that has a rich morphology and a relatively free word order. This research paper attempts to demonstrate that Arabic could also be classified as a polysynthetic language. To this end, ten morpho- syntactically structured words from the Holy Qur’an were chosen, presented according to their sequence of occurrence and analyzed in light of the Government and Binding Theory (GB). The results of the analysis of the ten examples provide a strong evidence supporting our argument that Arabic actually is a polysynthetic language. The sample of our study is a comprehensive one; it contains declarative, imperative and even question sentences. The data presented in the analysis are, as well, varied in terms of word order; a VSO, a VOS, and an SVO order which presents further evidence in support of our argument.

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Uriel, Sigal. "A Concise Introduction to Syntactic Theory: the Government-Binding Approach. Elisabeth A. Cowper. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992. Pp. xii + 285. $15.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 16, no. 1 (March 1994): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100012778.

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Burzio, Luigi. "English stress, vowel length and modularity." Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 2 (September 1993): 359–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000360.

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The evolution of phonological theory over the past fifteen years or so mirrors in important respects that of syntactic theory. The common evolutionary characteristic is the emergence of modularity. As is frequently noted following Chomsky (1986: ch. 3), in syntax, rich systems of rules have been supplanted by a relatively small number of discrete sub-theories, such as the theories of thematic relations, Case, Binding, Government, and the theory of empty categories. Characteristically, each sub-theory regulates one specific aspect of syntactic structure, at one or more levels of representation, for example the distribution of overt noun phrases at S-structure. The emergence of the sub-theories reflects a natural shift in investigative focus. Just as studying the facts of language from a systematic and formal perspective led to the discovery of generalizations of fact, originally expressed as ‘rules’, so the study of the rules themselves led to the discovery of higher-order generalizations, expressed by the various conditions or principles that make up the contemporary sub-theories. Although Chomsky (1986:70ff.) lists several important contributors to the development of the new perspective, in the mind of most syntacticians, a watershed event in this evolution was Chomsky's own ‘Conditions on transformations’ (1973). To the extent that this development of syntactic theory is a natural one towards deeper understanding, a comparable one is expected in phonological theory. Although the ‘modularity’ of phonology is less frequently noted and identification of a single watershed event is perhaps more difficult, there are clearly several ‘modules’ or sub-theories that have emerged in post-SPEhistory – three in particular.

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Philippaki-Warburton, Irene. "The theory of empty categories and the pro-drop parameter in Modern Greek." Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 2 (September 1987): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011282.

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One of the most promising new developments of recent research into theoretical syntax within the model of Government and Binding (GB) as presented in Chomsky (1981) and (1982) has been the new importance given to the study of languages other than English. This has stimulated a great deal of work into a variety of languages (see, for example, Rizzi, 1982; Borer, 1983; Bouchard, 1984; Huang, 1984 and others). It has also been welcomed by linguists outside the TG tradition. Thus, Comrie, (1984:155) expresses his delight that ‘Chomsky (1981) makes clear that generative grammarians have come to realize that an adequate study of syntax within universal grammar requires the study of languages of different types. Chomsky's main concern has always been to formulate a theory that would achieve ‘explanatory adequacy’ by providing a restrictive set of principles which could characterize universally the notion ‘natural language’. However, detailed and in-depth analyses of various languages have revealed that in order to achieve ‘descriptive adequacy’ the theory has to allow for cross-linguistic differences, or ‘parametric variation’. The concept of parametric variation weakens some-what the restrictiveness of the universal grammar (UG) hypothesis and even more so its purported innateness, since the values for the parameters must be arrived at by the child through induction from empirical evidence. Nevertheless, explanatory adequacy may still be attained if the number of parameters is very small and each parameter has few values.

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Borsley, Robert D. "An HPSG approach to Welsh." Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 2 (September 1989): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700014134.

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Welsh differs from English in a number of ways. The most obvious point is that it is a VSO language, but it also has distinctive agreement phenomena and clitics. For this reason, it is natural to ask of any theory of syntax that has been developed primarily on the basis of English: how can it handle Welsh? Welsh has had fairly extensive attention within the Government-Binding theory (see, for example, Harlow, 1981; Sproat, 1985; Sadler, 1988, and Hendrick, 1988). It has also had some attention within Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) (see Harlow, 1983; Borsley, 1983; 1988a). In this paper, I will consider how some of the central features of Welsh can be accommodated within Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). This is a framework developed over the last few years by Carl Pollard, Ivan Sag and others, which seeks to combine the insights of GPSG, categorial grammar and certain other theories (see Pollard, 1985, 1988; Sag & Pollard, 1987, and Pollard & Sag, 1988). In fact, I will be mainly concerned with the version of HPSG developed in Borsley (1986, 1987, 1988 b), but I will also have something to say about standard HPSG.

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Landau, Idan. "EPP Extensions." Linguistic Inquiry 38, no. 3 (July 2007): 485–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2007.38.3.485.

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The fact that the specifier of T0 is subject both to the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) and to the Empty Category Principle (ECP) has remained an unexplained accident within Government-Binding Theory. I propose a principled account of this correlation. The EPP is a selectional requirement of functional heads (e.g., T, Top, C) that applies at PF—an instance of p-selection for an overt element. Like all selectional requirements, it applies to the head of the selected phrase, explaining why null heads cannot appear in EPP positions (thus deriving certain representational ECP effects). A wide range of empirical results follow, all unified by the exclusion of null-headed phrases from EPP positions: subject-object asymmetries in the distribution of bare nouns in Romance and sentential complements; failure of certain adjuncts to occur in clause-initial position; resistance of indirect objects to Ā-movement; and phonological doubling of heads of fronted categories. I argue against the agreement/checking view of the EPP and show that only the selectional construal allows a natural explanation of its puzzling properties.

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Hidayat, Dasrun, Gartika Rahmasari, and Darajat Wibawa. "The Inhibition and Communication Approaches of Local Languages Learning Among Millennials." International Journal of Language Education 5, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i3.16506.

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Local languages which are also referred as mother tongue should be attached to every child as individual. The re-orientation of language due to global influences should not mean forgetting the local language. Globalization and traditions can run simultaneously so that millennial generations are not only proficient in foreign languages, but also understand in using their local languages. This is a communication and culture research. The purpose of this study was to determine the millennials assumptions about local languages and the teaching approaches needed. An integrated teaching approach is needed so that it can restore the millennials’ interest and confidence in speaking their local languages. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with interview techniques, involving millennial generation from Jakarta, West Java and Lampung Provinces. The results of the study show that some of the millennials can speak their local languages but not as active speakers. There are two major obstacles that prevent the millennials to speak their local languages, namely internal and external factors. Internal factor that prevents them from speaking their local languages is family, and the external factors include peers, environment and technology. To encourage the use of local language, the government has issued Regional Regulations (PERDA) so that local languages can be used by daily life such as in schools. In addition, equality communication model can be used in teaching local languages, that include seriousness, openness, acceptance, and flexible teaching This approach is supported by binding local government regulations that require the use of local languages in a variety of contexts, including the language of instruction in education.

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Schwartz, Linda. "LECTURES ON CONTEMPORARY SYNTACTIC THEORIES: AN INTRODUCTION TO GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY, GENERALIZED PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR, AND LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR. Peter Sells. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1985. Pp. 214. $11.95 paper, $23.95 cloth." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 10, no. 1 (February 1988): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100007221.

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Sun, Weiwei, Yufei Chen, Xiaojun Wan, and Meichun Liu. "Parsing Chinese Sentences with Grammatical Relations." Computational Linguistics 45, no. 1 (March 2019): 95–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00343.

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We report our work on building linguistic resources and data-driven parsers in the grammatical relation (GR) analysis for Mandarin Chinese. Chinese, as an analytic language, encodes grammatical information in a highly configurational rather than morphological way. Accordingly, it is possible and reasonable to represent almost all grammatical relations as bilexical dependencies. In this work, we propose to represent grammatical information using general directed dependency graphs. Both only-local and rich long-distance dependencies are explicitly represented. To create high-quality annotations, we take advantage of an existing TreeBank, namely, Chinese TreeBank (CTB), which is grounded on the Government and Binding theory. We define a set of linguistic rules to explore CTB’s implicit phrase structural information and build deep dependency graphs. The reliability of this linguistically motivated GR extraction procedure is highlighted by manual evaluation. Based on the converted corpus, data-driven, including graph- and transition-based, models are explored for Chinese GR parsing. For graph-based parsing, a new perspective, graph merging, is proposed for building flexible dependency graphs: constructing complex graphs via constructing simple subgraphs. Two key problems are discussed in this perspective: (1) how to decompose a complex graph into simple subgraphs, and (2) how to combine subgraphs into a coherent complex graph. For transition-based parsing, we introduce a neural parser based on a list-based transition system. We also discuss several other key problems, including dynamic oracle and beam search for neural transition-based parsing. Evaluation gauges how successful GR parsing for Chinese can be by applying data-driven models. The empirical analysis suggests several directions for future study.

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Horrocks, Geoffrey. "Peter Sells, Lectures on contemporary syntactic theories: an introduction to Government-Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Lexicat-Functional Grammar. Stanford University Center for the Study of Language and Information. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Pp. 214." Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 2 (September 1987): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011476.

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MAHFOUDI, Khedidja. "THE BINDING THEORY IN THE LINGUISTIC STUDY AMONG ARABS AND IN THE WEST." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.19.13.

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Binding has acquired an important place in both the old and modern language studies. Therefore, the present research is directed towards this aspect to tackle binding in the Arabic perception in light of Chomsky’s binding theory. Binding found much concern in in the transformational generative theory, especially in the fourth phase, which is the “government and binding theory”. It considered it as one of the general principals presented by universal grammar, which aims to specify the common characteristics and features of all the human languages rules. The research marked as “the binding theory in the linguistic study among Arabs and in the wester” aims at comparing between binding among Arabs and in the west. The re ason for this is attempting to understand the construction of the Arabic sentence within the frame of binding and its mechanisms in order to stop at the role it performs in keeping the confusion away from sentences and facilitating its automatic processing for the sake of computing and developing Arabic

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López-Astorga, Miguel. "Possible roles for semantics and syntax in a government-binding structure." Prometeica - Revista de Filosofía y Ciencias, no. 19 (August 18, 2019): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/prometeica.2019.19.6823.

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As described, for example, by Hornstein, the general linguistic framework given by the contemporary government-binding theory distinguishes several levels. This paper is intended to show that a differentiation of that kind, if such levels are understood in a different manner, can be clearly consistent with some developments in current cognitive science, and, in particular, with approaches such as the one of López-Astorga, which attempts to link proposals that, in principle, can be deemed as irreconcilable, such as the mental models theory and the idea that human cognition is led by logical forms. In this way, without accepting the characteristics that usually are assigned to the levels pointed out by the government-binding theory, it is argued that the role attributed to semantics and syntax by López-Astorga can be compatible with a general structure more or less akin to the one of this last theory.

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Myles, Florence. "Interaction between linguistic theory and language processing in SLA." Second Language Research 11, no. 3 (October 1995): 235–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839501100303.

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This article examines L2 performance in three areas of French morphosyntax by English L1 learners. More particularly, it examines how coindexation as defined within the government-binding framework develops in the L2 grammar. Empirical studies relating the development of two areas of French grammar by English L1 speakers are presented. L2 performance on information questions involving qui and que in which learners have to link the wh-phrase and its trace in order to establish the syntactic function of the wh-phrase in the sentence is examined, as well as performance on the morphological phenomenon of noun-adjective agreement in French where learners have to transmit agreement features from a noun to an adjective which it governs. In both cases, learners are found to increase gradually the structural domain in which they are able to operate as their level of competence in the L2 improves, suggesting that they are faced with a parsing problem when coindexing elements in a sentence. These findings are related to a study of the acquisition of restrictive relative clauses in French L2 by English learners (Hawkins, 1989), and then discussed in the light of the current debate in SLA research about the roles played by linguistic theory, on the one hand, and language processing mechanisms on the other.

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Ilc, Gašper, and Milena Milojević Sheppard. "Verb movement and interrogatives." Linguistica 42, no. 1 (December 1, 2002): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.42.1.161-176.

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Verb movement is a phenomenon that has been studied extensively withintheframework of Chomskyan generative grammar. The pioneering work by Pollock(1989) has been followed by a number of studies involving various languages, whichhas provided an important insight both into the language-specific andlanguage-universal properties of verb movement. In most general terms, verb movement canbedefined as movement of the verb from its base position in the (V)erb (P)hrase tosomeposition higher in the clausal structure. In Government & Binding theory verbmovement was motivated by the need of the bare lexical verb to associate with theinflectional affixes hosted by the functional heads (Pollock 1989, Belletti 1990). Bycontrast,the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995) claims that all types of movement aretrig gered by feature-checking requirements. In this system, items from lexical categories are fully inflected in the lexicon.Thus the verb is inserted into its base position with all its inflectional affixes and associated inflectional features. Functional heads donotcontain any inflectional material; they carry only abstract features, which arecheckedagainst the corresponding features on the lexical items. In order for feature-checkingto take place the lexical item (e.g. the verb) must raise to the relevantfunctionalhead(s).

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van Buren, Paul, and Michael Sharwood Smith. "The acquisition of preposition stranding by second language learners and parametric variation." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 1, no. 1 (June 1985): 18–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765838500100103.

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This paper discusses the application of Government Binding Theory to second language acquisition in the context of a project which is looking into the acquisition of preposition stranding in English and Dutch. The bulk of the discussion focuses on the theoretical problems involved. Firstly, the potential value of Government Binding Theory in principle is considered both in terms of the formulation of linguistic questions per se and also in terms of more specifically acquisitional questions having to do with the speed and order of acquisition. Secondly, some results in the pilot studies conducted so far in Utrecht are examined with respect to the theoretical usefulness of the framework adopted. The potential of the framework to generate sophisticated linguistic research questions is found to be undeniable. The acquisitional aspects need to be elaborated and adapted to cope with the special features of second, as opposed to first, language acquisition. This involves an elaboration of scenarios to be investigated: one in which the learner's initial assumption is that the unmarked setting of a given parameter of Universal Grammar holds for the target system, one in which the settings of parameters shared by the target and native systems are assumed to be identical, the second being a 'cross linguistic' scenario. These possibilities are considered in the light of the nature of evidence derived from the input and in the light of a set of possible learning strategies derived from the scenarios. The scenarios, the types of evidence and the strategies are spelled out in terms of the specific problem of preposition stranding in Universal Grammar, in Dutch and in English.

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Newmeyer, Frederick J. "The current convergence in linguistic theory: some implications for second language acquisition research." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 3, no. 1 (June 1987): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765838700300103.

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To the outsider, generative grammar must appear to contain a bewildering variety of different frameworks for syntactic description, each with its own distinct goals, research programme and technical vocabulary. It seems fair to say that this seeming inability of theoretical linguists to get their own house in order has led many applied linguists to question whether even the most general conceptions of generative grammar have any relevance to their concerns. Despite superficial appearances, however, the differences between the major generative frameworks are relatively minor, and are steadily lessening. Indeed, a convergence is taking place among the three most important, namely, the government-binding theory, generalized phrase structure grammar, and lexical-functional grammar. In particular, all now accept two basic concepts governing grammatical processes: 'modularity' and 'locality'. According to the former, grammatical complexity results from the interaction of autonomous grammatical subsystems; according to the latter, grammatical processes are sharply constrained as to the degree of 'distance' that the elements involved may lie from each other. It will be argued that these convergences have interesting implications for those who wish to apply linguistic theory to the understanding of second language acquisition.

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Kordela, Marzena. "Teoria prawa Zygmunta Ziembińskiego." Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 4, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 230–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2015.4.1.12.

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Zygmunt Ziembiński was one of the most prominent theoreticians of law in Poland in the second half of the 20th century. He developed an original theory of law defined as a theory of legal phenomena, which covered both logical-linguistic as well as real aspects of law. The theory served as a base for the development of a unique so-called advanced normative conception of sources of law, one of the greatest achievements of theory of law in Poland. This conception encompasses all the indispensable elements of a coherent system of binding legal norms: 1) indication of a political justification (ideological assumptions) of the entire system of law; 2) pre judgment of law-making competence of government agencies; 3) determination of the status of custom and precedent; 4) compilation of a catalogue of permissible interpretation rules; 5) compilation of a catalogue of permissible inferential rules (permissible rules of legal inferences); 6) compilation of a catalogue of permissible collision rules.

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Musa, Thereza, Kulikoyela Kahigi, and Lea Mpobela. "The Morpho-Syntactic Properties of Anaphors in Kisukuma." International Journal of Culture and History 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v10i1.20696.

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This paper focuses on the morphological and syntactic properties of anaphors in Kisukuma, a Bantu language spoken mainly in Shinyanga, Mwanza, Simiyu and Geita regions in the south eastern part of Lake Victoria by the people who call themselves βasukuma. The study was guided by three modules of Government and Binding Theory namely: Binding Theory, Government Theory and Case Theory. Qualitative research approach was employed. Data were collected through sentence questionnaires and grammaticality judgments. Four respondents who are native speakers of Kimunakiiya dialect were selected from Isoso and Ndoleleji villages by using snowball sampling basing on their age and language proficiency. The study found that anaphors in Kisukuma exist in two forms: Verbal anaphors and Nominal anaphors. Anaphors in verbal form are expressed by a single form (morph-i-) that plays one role at a time. Intrinsically the form seems to be polysemic in nature, because in addition to encoding reflexive and reciprocal events, the form is also used to encode other interpretations such as anticausative, decomitative, derogatory, chained action, asymmetric reciprocal, pretense and lack of reason. Hence the form evokes some sort of ambiguities which are solved by the number of participants, the intrinsic characteristics of a verb used and the social context which help to determine the intended meaning. Anaphors in nominal form are expressed by distinct linguistic expressions such as iyene/ng’wenekele/bhenekele ‘myself/themselves’ for reflexive and bhoyigubhoyi/iseguise ‘each other/one another’ for reciprocal interpretation. Morphologically the morph-i- is realized as a prefix attached between the TAM and verb root by the affixation process. Overtly the morph does not show agreement with its antecedent in terms of person, gender and number though covertly it acquires all the features from the overt NP via SM. Syntactically the RFM/RCM is an internal argument of the verb to which it attaches. Also, the form is a valence-reducing element that derives a transitive verb into an intransitive one, (unaccusative verb). Moreover; anaphors in Kisukuma co-refers with the whole NP via the SM to establish binding relation.

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CHEN, HSIN-HSI, I.-PENG LIN, and CHIEN-PING WU. "A LOGICAL APPROACH TO MOVEMENT TRANSFORMATIONS IN MANDARIN CHINESE." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 02, no. 01 (March 1988): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001488000078.

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The movement of constituents in natural language is a very common linguistic phenomenon— topicalization and relativization in Mandarin Chinese, for example. Any successful natural language processing system must be able to deal with these movements and, at the same time, justify them. However, it is difficult to achieve these goals due to the gaps in between the constituents. In this paper, a logic programming approach with Chomsky’s Government-Binding Theory (GB) attempts to solve this type of problems in Chinese language processing. According to GB, the rule of “move-α” moves anything anywhere, and the universal principles operate interactively to rule the illegal movements out. With this point of view, no specific movement constraints are specified in our logic programming approach. The universal principles are embedded in the logic grammars implicitly, and generated by a translator. The specific features of this approach enable grammar-writing to capture extrapositions in Chinese much easier than the other approaches.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Government-binding theory (Linguistics)'

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