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Journal articles on the topic 'Government borrowings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ahmad, Saeed, Muhammad Aamir, and Muhammad Umer Quddoos. "Does Internal Borrowing of Pakistani Government Affect Corporate Leverage?" Pakistan Journal of Economic Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 149–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4635442.

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For the past few years, the government of Pakistan has increased its domestic borrowing to a record level. This increased government borrowing could have reduced funds for investment by the non-financial corporate sector. In this study, we empirically investigate the influence of state domestic debt on corporate leverage in Pakistan. This study examines data of 07 non-financial sectors listed at PSX for a period of 2009-2018. The firm-level panel data was analyzed through the fixed-effect method. Results reveal that government domestic borrowings have a negative influence on corporate borrowin

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2

Hadi, Abdul Razak Abdul, Tasya Aspiranti, Tahir Iqbal, and Raja Rehan. "Managing a Country’s Sustainabilty - The Case of Malaysia and Indonesia Public Debt." International Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 5 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n5p19.

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The study is driven by the motivation to examine the effects of policy interest rates and crude oil prices on Malaysian and Indonesian government borrowing within the framework of Keynesian macroeconomic theory. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as an estimation tool over the observed period from March 2013 till June 2018, the study uncovers the absence of long-term equilibrium relationship between government borrowings and the two explanatory variables. However, based upon Error Correction Representation via ARDL model, there is a significant long-run relation (at 10% level) b

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3

Boyko, S., O. Dragan, and K. Tkachenko. "Current trends in debt policy of city councils and directions of its improvement." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (155) (May 21, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-155-1-56-67.

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The need to rethink the role of urban debt policy in accordance with the growing needs of urban communities and their sustainable socio-economic development is identified. In Ukraine, the legal preconditions for the formation of cities' own debt policy and the implementation of borrowing in both domestic and foreign nancial markets. The current state of local budgets and decentralization processes only highlight the need for cities to develop debt policy. The formation of the institution of local borrowings in Ukraine is analyzed and an in-depth analysis of borrowings of city councils in 2014-

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4

Kudła, Janusz, Katarzyna Kopczewska, Agata Kocia, Robert Kruszewski, and Konrad Walczyk. "Dynamic Fiscal Solvency with Consumption and Capital Taxes." Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (2019): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceej-2018-0013.

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Abstract To finance public expenditure a government needs to raise revenue, which mainly comes from taxes and borrowings. During a financial crisis, however, financing of budget deficit is particularly difficult because of a rise in debt servicing costs that crowd out other expenses and raise the concern for government solvency. In extreme cases, governments are constrained to tax, as borrowing opportunities are strictly limited or unavailable. Still, governments can choose from tax menu options (income and consumption taxes), given the flexibility of the tax mix. This article presents a long-

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Buryk, Zoriana, Vitalii Bashtannyk, and Faig Ragimov. "Economic growth: macroeconomic effects of Public Borrowings at the global level." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (2019): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.14.

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The study examines the peculiarities of the impact of public debt on the economic growth of states. The aim of the study was to analyze and identify the determinants of the impact of government borrowing on economic growth. The following research methods have been applied: analysis and synthesis of data and theoretical work, comparative analysis, statistical, correlation, cluster and discriminant analysis. According to the results of the survey, it is established that the growth of government borrowing can have both a negative and a positive effect on the economy, provided that it implements a

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6

Kuzmina, Olga Yrievna, Maria Eugenievna Konovalova, and Anton Valerievich Kravchenko. "Public borrowing and their impact on growth of public well-being." KANT 38, no. 1 (2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-38.8.

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The article is devoted to the study of the role of government borrowing in the system of modern market relations, in which the search for tools to maintain or increase the social welfare of citizens is one of the urgent issues. In conditions of weak economic growth and a slow increase in the standard of living of the population, one of the most significant ways to activate economic growth is precisely the amount of funds raised by the state for solving key social problems. As part of the study, an analysis of internal and external government borrowings of the Russian economic system was carrie

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7

Comfort, Omorogbe, E., and Oyekola, O. Oluwakemi. "Juxtaposing Government Borrowings and the Nigerian Financial Environment." International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 4, no. 1 (2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/8.2017.2019.41.22.27.

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8

Syniura-Rostun, N. R. "Financial and Credit Instruments in the Local Structural Policy of Urban Development in the Western Region of Ukraine." Business Inform 5, no. 520 (2021): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-5-162-169.

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The article discloses the peculiarities of the use of financial and credit instruments, in particular local borrowings, in the local structural policy. It is identified that the task of local self-government bodies of cities is to form their own local structural policy, which would focus on innovative, technological and inclusive development. The implementation of such a policy requires the use of a number of instruments, including budget, investment, financial and credit, grant, marketing and management, tax, etc. An important place is given to financial and credit instruments, as they allow

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9

OYEDOKUN, Godwin Emmanuel, and Olajide Martins ADEWINLE. "External Borrowing, Government Expenditure and Road Construction in Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 06, no. 07 (2023): 3015–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8112334.

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External borrowing is a significant source of government revenue, and the increase in the levels of foreign borrowing is taken as evidence of progress toward meeting economic and infrastructure goals. Despite the massive incidence of foreign borrowings, developing nations continue to lag behind established economies in terms of quality, quantity, and accessibility to the benefits of infrastructural development. Therefore, this study analyses the effect of external borrowing on government expenditure on road construction in Nigeria. The study is anchored on the debt crowding theory. In analyzin

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10

Xing, Xinyu, and Joy Lesnick. "Research on the Impact of Sources of Government Expenditure on Social Economy." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 21 (December 12, 2023): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v21i.14839.

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In reality, a government funds its own expenditure mainly by taxation, borrowings, and fees and charges. Additional sources of government revenue include seigniorage, natural resource revenues, and foreign aid and grants. The specific mix of revenue sources and their relative importance varies from one government to another based on factors such as the country’s economic structure, tax policies, natural resources, and external financial assistance. Suppose a government ends taxing and funds its own expenditure purely by borrowings. In that case, it may lead to an inefficient market, a turbulen

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Liu, Jihong. "Does the government finance its own spending by taxing the population or relying on newly created funds from the central bank?" Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 22 (December 27, 2023): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/det64263.

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In reality, a government funds its own expenditure mainly by taxation, borrowings, and fees and charges. Additional sources of government revenue include seigniorage, natural resource revenues, and foreign aid and grants. The specific mix of revenue sources and their relative importance varies from one government to another based on factors such as the country’s economic structure, tax policies, natural resources, and external financial assistance. Suppose a government ends taxing and funds its own expenditure purely by borrowings. In that case, it may lead to an inefficient market, a turbulen

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12

Sheremeta, Sergei V. "Russian regional finances analysis and regional debt sustainability." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 30–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-2-30-58.

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Russian regions recovered financial stability in 2017—2019 due to high ruble commodities prices, improving tax collection and conservative expenditures and borrowings policy. Panel data analysis shows that social-demographic structure of population is one of the key factors of regional budgets balance. Government measures will contribute to sustainability of regional finances and reducing interregional differences in debt sustainability, but provide negative impact of regional fiscal policy on output dynamics in the coming years. Strengthening of fiscal burden via federal taxes will diminish p

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13

Lyutyy, Igor, Nataliia Plieshakova, and Kateryna Zhuk. "DOMESTIC GOVERNMENT BORROWINGS IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 23(51) (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2021-23(51)-74-80.

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The lack of a unified concept of debt policy in Ukraine has become a catalyst for exacerbating the contradictions in the stability of the financial system of the state. The situation in recent years, caused by significant budget deficits, pandemics, military conflict in the eastern Ukraine, dependence on energy imports, the need to increase foreign exchange reserves to ensure the stability of the national currency, the need for technical re-equipment and restructuring of the national economy which led to a significant increase in pressure on the state budget and a decrease in its investment co

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14

LOBODINA, Zoriana. "Debt instruments as a source of financing the state’s expenditures." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/3 (November 21, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.11(3).2.

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The social and economic transformations taking place in Ukraine are accompanied by the expansion of functions of the state authorities and local self-government. This predetermines the search for sources of formation of budgetary resources on the background of permanent growth of the volume and directions of their spending and practical application of debt instruments. The purpose of the study lies in evaluating of the practice of carrying out public borrowings and in developing proposals concerning its improvement in the context of minimizing threats to government debt security. The economic

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15

Lupenko, A. Y. "Credit Default Swaps in the External Public Debt Management." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 46 (2020): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-326-333.

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The article aims at systematizing the theoretical and methodological foundations of using credit default swaps in the external public debt management. Theoretical principles of using credit default swaps in the external public debt management are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of credit default swaps as derivative financial instruments are generalized. It is shown that the main disadvantages of credit default swaps are their speculative character and dependence on international rating agencies, as well as lack of proper regulation in the synthetic securitization of debt-based assets

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16

Saheed, Zakaree S., Ibrahim E. Sani, and Blessing O. Idakwoji. "Impact of Public External Debt on Exchange Rate in Nigeria." International Finance and Banking 2, no. 1 (2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ifb.v2i1.7734.

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With continuous increase in public expenditures, and low capital formation in many developing countries, many governments have resorted into borrowing either or both within and outside the country. However, most borrowings come with interest attached, which results in debt servicing. Serving external debt may involve demand for foreign currency which tends to affect the exchange rate of the country. Hence, this study examines the impact of public external debt on exchange rate in Nigeria. Using the Ordinary Least Square, on the secondary data sourced from the CBN and DMO among other sources, f

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17

Магомедова, З. Г., Г. Н. Адигузелова, А. А. Н. Мисриханова, and Ц. Н. Агавердиева. "Modern policy of the Russian Federation in the field of state borrowings." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 1(138) (April 15, 2022): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2022.138.1.026.

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В статье исследуется современная политика РФ в области государственных заимствований. Задача эффективного управления внутренним государственным долгом в условиях необходимости государственных заимствований для финансового обеспечения действующих и принимаемых расходных обязательств Российской Федерации является актуальной и требует поиска новых подходов к ее решению. Проведен анализ ключевых показателей управления им, рассмотрены основные направления внутренней долговой политики Российской Федерации на современном этапе. The article examines the current policy of the Russian Federation in the

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18

Vatamanyuk-Zelinska, Uliana, and Olena Ohirko. "The role of public credit in the economic development of Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.1-2.4.

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Purpose. The main aim of the article is defining the essence of public credit, as well as analysis of the role of public credit in the economic development of Ukraine. Methodology of research. A set of general scientific research methods is used to achieve the defined goal and objectives, thanks to which the scientific literature on the topic of scientific research is generalized. Thus, generalization methods are used to substantiate the concept of “public credit”. The system approach allowed to investigate the essence of the concept of the sign and features of the concept of “public credit”.

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19

Slav’yuk, Rostyslav, and Nataliia Slaviuk. "Government debt management: challenges and perspectives." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 3 (2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(3).2018.12.

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The article examines the current tendencies of the government indebtedness in the world. It proves the rapid growth of the government debt in the different countries around the world after the 2008–2009 financial crisis and analyzes the reasons for government debt increase in particular countries and its consequences. The study is devoted to the research of the government debt in developed and developing countries. Particular attention is paid to the government debt of Japan, the USA, the European Union countries. In the article, the government debt of Ukraine, its tendencies, and consequences

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20

İkiz, Ahmet Salih. "Testing the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem: Time Series Evidence from Turkey." Economies 8, no. 3 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030069.

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Two of the most common measures adopted by the government to stimulate the economy are increasing government borrowings and implementing tax cuts. These tax cuts are financed through increased debt. According to the Ricardian equivalence theory, the consumers will not change their current spending when they anticipate a tax increase in the future. In order to pay high taxes in the future, the government should increase its present savings. However, the extent of applicability of Ricardian equivalence could vary across nations. In this context, the present study explores the long-running relati

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21

Yakymchuk, O. Ya, and O. P. Melnyk. "The impact of external borrowings on the Ukrainian economy." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (December 16, 2024): 700–704. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.06.116.

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In current environment, external borrowings have a significant impact on the domestic economy. On the one hand, they are an important tool for the development and stabilisation of Ukraine’s economy, as, if used rationally, they will help maintain budgetary stability and implement the necessary reforms. On the other hand, such borrowings may pose certain risks in the form of an increased debt burden, dependence on creditors, and even a threat to financial independence. For Ukraine, this issue is of particular relevance. Sources of external borrowing include various entities, including: The Inte

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22

Gbenga, Ajibua. "External Debt Servicing and Public Expenditure in Nigeria (2000-2023): is There a link?" South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 22, no. 4 (2025): 122–31. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2025/v22i4989.

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The study assessed the effect of debt servicing on public expenditure in Nigeria for the period, 2000-2023. The dependent variable is government expenditure while independent variables consist of debt servicing, external debt and exchange rate. The study utilized co-integration and Ordinary Least Square and finding indicated evidence of long run relationship between public expenditure and debt servicing. The study also found that the impact of debt servicing and exchange on government expenditure is positive while external debt exerted significant negative effect on public expenditure. It is r

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23

Mqolombeni, Nokwanda, Devi Datt Tewari, and Kehinde Damilola Ilesanmi. "Exploring The Role of High Government Debt on Economic Growth: A Nonlinearity and Threshold Analysis for Africa’s Developing Countries." Economies 11, no. 2 (2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies11020051.

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Purpose: This paper empirically investigated the impact of high government debt on economic growth, using a panel data of 12 developing countries in Africa for the period between 1991 and 2020. Furthermore, it sought to find the existence of nonlinearity between government debt and economic growth. The study used a cross-country panel data approach estimated through the panel smooth transition regression to find the threshold effect. The results reveal a threshold of 60.5% of government debt on economic growth, suggesting an inverted U-shaped relationship between government debt and economic g

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Blashchuk-Deviatkina, Natalia, and Kseniia Matsei. "THE ROLE OF LOCAL LOANS AS A DEVELOPMENT TOOL OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 2 (2023): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2023.2.12.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to single out the key aspects of the formation and use of local loans by local self-government bodies in Ukraine, to propose effective approaches to the management of this tool for local self-government bodies based on the analysis and assessment of the use of local loans by local self-government bodies. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: dialectical, monographic, analysis and synthesis – to study the functioning of the local borrowing market in Ukraine; comparative analysis –

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AMADI, Agatha Nkem, Kehinde Adekunle ADETILOYE, Alexander Ehimare OMANKHANLEN, Idimmachi Pius AMADI, and Pascal NWODIMMAH. "The Stabilization Effects of Fiscal Policy on Banking System Stability in Nigeria." Asian Economic and Financial Review 11, no. 10 (2021): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2021.1110.805.815.

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This study examined the stabilization effect of fiscal policy on banking system stability in Nigeria using data from 1985 to 2019. The study adopted the ordinary least squares, cointegration and error correction techniques to analyze and determine the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The ordinary least squares technique was used to evaluate the impact of the interaction between fiscal policy and banking system stability variables. The findings indicate that fiscal policy has a strong influence on banking system stability in Nigeria. It was further discovered that, amon

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Sofiienko, A. P. "The External Government Borrowings in the Strategy of Financial Stabilization of Ukraine." Business Inform 6, no. 497 (2019): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2019-6-210-217.

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Samokhovets, Maryia, Tatyana Dyak, and Natalya Glazkova. "External Borrowings of the Republic of Belarus: Current State and Prospects." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.2.3.

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The article provides the analysis of the current state of external borrowings of the Republic of Belarus and offers the perspective measures of their development. The paper studies quantitative and qualitative parameters of the external public debt of the Republic of Belarus in dynamics, including the structure according to the types of debt obligations and main creditors. During the conducted research the authors established that the external public debt of the Republic of Belarus is characterized by an upward trend. The paper concludes that the role of external sources of public debt financi

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Montmarquette, Claude, and Claude Dallaire. "Le rendement des obligations provinciales et l’incertitude politique : une analyse de séries chronologiques." Articles 56, no. 3 (2009): 388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600927ar.

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Abstract In this text, we apply time series techniques (Box-Tiao) to isolate the influence of the Parti québécois' electoral win of November 1976 on the financial and economic costs of the Québec government borrowings. For long term bonds issue between November 1976 and February 1979, we estimated at 32.49 millions of $ at 1979 present value or 1.22% of the total amount borrowed, the supplementary financial cost. In terms of additional payments to non-Québécois holding Québec government bonds, this associated economic cost has been evaluated at 11.21 millions of $ at 1979 present value, repres

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Гросул, Н. С., and Е. С. Мазур. "Features of the mechanism of public debt management in the Republic of Moldova." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(123) (November 15, 2020): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.123.10.029.

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В статье проанализирован механизм долговой политики, организация размещения займов, управление деятельностью государства по планированию заимствований, учет долговых обязательств, предоставление государственных гарантий, контроль над целевым расходованием привлекаемых ресурсов, а также своевременное погашение государственных заимствований. Результаты анализа могут быть полезны при проведении эффективной долговой политики при формировании бюджета, способностью обеспечить стабильностью его в краткосрочной и долгосрочной перспективе, что отражается на экономическом положении страны. The article a

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Nogaeva, V. U. "The Era of Digitalization: Anglicisms or their French Equivalents? (On the Example of Modern French)." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 10 (January 18, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.86.10.096-103.

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Profound changes in the way of life are accompanied by profound changes in the language. As living matter that serves as the main means of communication, any changes that take place in society are reflected in the language at the level of vocabulary. The objective of this article is to examine the problem of the active spread of Anglicisms in modern French, in particular, in the field of digital technologies. An attempt is made to consider the governments’ language intervention, the measures taken by the French government to regulate the use of borrowings in order to preserve linguistic identi

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Afure, Akpotor Vincent, Ezeabasili Vincent N, and Nnebe Obumuneme Ifeanyi. "Public Debt and Economic Development in Nigeria." GLS KALP: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (2024): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.69974/rmcrjs77.

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This study examined the effect of public debt on economic development of Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2021. The study used data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and World Bank data bank. The study used two (2) models to determine the effect, with Gross Domestic product per Capita (GDP/CAP) and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) as dependent variables for Models 1 and 2 respectively. While, Domestic Debt (DD), External Debt (XD) and Total Debt Service Payments (TDS) were regressed as independent variables. The study adopted the ARDL technique to analyze the data after determi

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Yildirim, Nuri, and Huseyin Tastan. "Capital flows and economic growth across spectral frequencies: Evidence from Turkey." Panoeconomicus 59, no. 4 (2012): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1204441y.

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This paper examines interactions and feedbacks between categories of capital flows and economic growth in Turkey for the 1992:01-2009:08 period. Our empirical analysis is based on a new version of the causality test of John Geweke (1982, p. 77) and Yuzo Hosoya (1991, p. 88) in the frequency domain proposed recently by J?rg Breitung and Bertrand Candelon (2006, p. 132). In addition, using standard methods in spectral analysis, we decompose the total covariance between capital flows and growth across main frequency bands and capture lead/lag interactions between them. Some of our findings are as

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Rani, Ritu, and Naresh Kumar. "Does Fiscal Deficit Affect Interest Rate in India? An Empirical Investigation." Jindal Journal of Business Research 5, no. 2 (2016): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682116680925.

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Fiscal deficit above a certain limit is not good for the country because high government borrowings raise the interest rate and crowd out private investment. This article is an attempt to analyze the impact of fiscal deficit on real interest rate in India over the time period of 1980–1981 to 2013–2014. Autoregressive distributed lags bound testing approach for cointegration and vector error correction model for Granger casualty are used in a multivariate framework in which money supply and inflation are included as additional variables. Bound test results confirm the long-run equilibrium relat

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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "The limit of money multiplication in modern Russia." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 24, no. 5 (2025): 181–99. https://doi.org/10.24891/ea.24.5.181.

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Subject. The article deals with multiplication of money in modern Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to determine the limit of money multiplication in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of data analysis and synthesis, correlation and regression analysis. Results. The paper shows the growth of funds of credit institutions on deposit accounts with the Bank of Russia and an increase in the ratio of standing overnight deposits to these funds, reveals an increase in net requirements to public administration bodies, with a stable level of requirements to other sectors in the context of an i

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O. Aiyedogbon, John, Fedir Zhuravka, Maxim Korneyev, Olena Banchuk-Petrosova, and Olena Kravchenko. "Impact of public debt profile on economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria." Public and Municipal Finance 11, no. 1 (2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.11(1).2022.02.

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An excessive increase in public debt characterizes the contemporary development of the global economic and financial system. The paper aims to examine the short- and long-run impact of state debt on economic growth in Nigeria. The model was estimated using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method to co-integration for the long-run investigation. At the same time, the contemporaneous dynamics were explored using an unrestricted error correction model. The data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistical bulletins and annual reports, and it spanned the yea

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Baev, O. V. "EXTERNAL BORROWINGS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS IN SIBERIA." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (November 26, 2016): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-4-7-11.

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This article analyzes the role of external borrowings of the Russian Empire in the financing of railway construction in the Siberian region. In the context of the elimination of the State Railway Foundation, the Russian government at the initial stage of this process directed at the construction of the railroad Yekaterinburg-Tyumen a part of the proceeds of the VIIth Consolidated Railway Loan, which was placed not only on the Russian stock market, but also inGermanyand theNetherlands. The loan was implemented quite successfully, but the contemporary Russian Minister of Finance N. H. Bunge was

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Aimola, Akingbade Urungbodi, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The Dynamics of Public and Private Debt in Ghana." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 28, no. 4 (2018): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2018-0018.

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Abstract This paper explores the dynamics of public and private debt in Ghana for the past 32 years. Ghana’s total public debt stock to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio has remained above the 60.0% sustainability threshold recommended by the West Africa Monetary Zone (WAMZ) since 2013. Implemented bank reforms in the country show an upward trend for domestic credit to private sector by banks as a percentage of GDP. Using exploratory review approach, the paper identified fiscal dominance, cost of borrowing, deterioration in export earnings, ineffective fiscal, monetary and debt management pol

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Khan, Abrar, Ayaz Khan, and Ikram Ullah. "Exploring Macroeconomic Determinants of Inflation in Pakistan; Fresh Insights from Vector Autoregressive Analysis." Journal of Economic Sciences, no. 2.2 (December 31, 2023): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/jes.v2i2.a4.

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It is a widespread argument that mild inflation is in favor of the economic growth of an economy. However, high inflation can be destructive to consumers as well as to businesses and the overall economy. Hence, identifying essential sources of inflation is crucial for both the central bank and economic units. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the key determinants of inflation in Pakistan by using time series data over the period extending from July 1993 to May 2021 and employing the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) method. The variables are seasonally adjusted while growth rates o

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Deb, Rajat. "Corporate Tax Cuts and Fiscal Slippage." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 2 (2020): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220950901.

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The Union Finance Minister on 20 September 2019 announced the highest corporate tax rate cuts in the last 28 years as a level-playing field for both the existing and green-field firms for turning around the sluggish economy. The stimulus package, notwithstanding, has likely to accelerate the demand in the short run, but to increase the fiscal deficit inasmuch, the government would increase its spending through borrowings, which could lead to fiscal slippage. Instead of excessive dependence on the fiscal measures, the government should initiate economic and judicial reforms for accelerating the

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KUDRYASHOV, Vasyl. "BUDGET DEFICIT AND FINANCING OF CRITICAL SERVICES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 6 (2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.06.059.

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Approaches to the use of budget deficit in fiscal policy are clarified. It is concluded that the analysis of the deficit contained in the works of domestic scientists does not sufficiently take into account changes in the volume and structure of expenditures, as well as their effects on economic and financial development of the country. It is noted how as a result of the application of deficit financing mechanisms, it’s not only the expenditures on borrowing services that are growing. No less important are the costs of financing the repayment of accumulated debt. To cover them, it is not the s

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SMIRNOV, Valerii V. "The analysis of structural relations in the Russian economy." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 7 (2021): 1344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.7.1344.

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Subject. The article investigates structural relations in Russia’s economy. Objectives. I delve into the basis for structural relations in Russia’s economy. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and the method of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. I spotlight the establishment of optimal structural relations in the Russian economy. The article presents a set of material properties of the Russian economy, which hamper the emergence of optimal structural relations, sustainable growth and constructive development in the modern circumstances. What underlies st

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Alekhin, B. I. "Government Debt of Russia and the United States in the XXI century." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2403-03.

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This article has three parts. In the first part government debt is analyzed as the stock of government financial obligations in Russia and the USA. Obligations denominated in foreign currencies and direct credits are left behind because they are practically non-existent in US government financial transactions. Also excluded from the analysis are debts incurred by stateowned corporations, which are part of the corporate sector of the System of National Accounts. In the second part government debt is analyzed as a result of financial flows (borrowings) which show how debt changes over time. In b

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Gracheva, Maria. "GERMAN FEDERAL BUDGET: RESULTS OF 2022 AND BUDGET CRISIS OF 2023." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 38, no. 2 (2024): 31–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran220246170.

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The article examines the budget crisis that occurred in Germany at the end of 2023. The results of the execution of the federal budget in terms of expenditures and net borrowings in 2022 are analyzed in comparison with the indicators of the five-year financial plan for 2022–2026, and the main deviations of the fact from the plan are identified. It is shown how the results of the 2022 budget led to an increase in the load on the 2023 budget from the point of view of the implementation of the purpose of renewing the debt brake set in the 2021–2025 Coalition Agreement. Further the events are pres

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Mehta, Dhyani, and Valentina V. Derbeneva. "Asymmetry Effect of Tax and Public Debt on Private Consumption Spending in Russia." Journal of Tax Reform 9, no. 3 (2023): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2023.9.3.147.

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According to the Ricardian Equivalence theory, private consumption spending is unaffected by the debt vs tax mode of deficit financing. The study re-examines the “Ricardian Equivalence” hypothesis in Russia by using private consumption spending as the dependent variable and government expenditure, government borrowing, tax, and income as the independent variables. The Ricardian position offers an intriguing issue in the Russian setting. If the Russian economy exhibits Ricardian equivalence, the private sector will shift its spending habits and boost its savings, rendering the policy reforms in

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de Villiers, Charl, Dannielle Cerbone, and Wayne Van Zijl. "The South African government's response to COVID-19." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 32, no. 5 (2020): 797–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-07-2020-0120.

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PurposeThis paper provides a critical analysis of the South African government's response to the COVID-19 crisis and its effect on state finances and budgets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper critically analyses publicly available data.FindingsThe South African government's initial health response was praised by the international community, given the early lockdown and extensive testing regime. The lockdown devastated an already precarious economy, which led to negative social consequences. The initial lockdown delayed the epidemic, but subsequently, the infection rate climbed, requiring ne

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Faith, Kananu Kobia, Jane Omwenga Dr., and Agnes Njeru Dr. "Relationship between Public Debt and the Economic Growth in Kenya." International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 10, no. 4 (2022): 375–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7252171.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Government debt is one of the main macroeconomic variables that determine a state's standing in the global market. It is the elements influencing the inflow of overseas investment. Prudent communal debt administration encourages commercial stability and growth by leveraging resources at low borrowing costs and lowering financial risk exposure. The main subjects of this study are the public debt in Kenya and its connection to economic growth from 2011 to 2021. Most developing nations will anticipate a beneficial impact of public debt on economic progress. Therefor

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Tent, Jan. "A profile of the Fiji English lexis." English World-Wide 22, no. 2 (2001): 209–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.22.2.03ten.

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The vocabulary of Fiji English is one of its most distinguishing features. English has a profound influence upon the lives of all Fiji Islanders — it is the principal language of government, the judiciary, education and commerce. This paper examines some of the sources and features of the Fiji English lexis, the most common of which include: borrowings, reborrowings, calques, new coinages, semantic shifts, archaisms, and hybrid compounds. It also outlines some of the lexical affinities with and divergences from other varieties of English.

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Ojelabi, Sunday Adeyemi, Mohammed Bulama, and Suleiman A. S. Aruwa. "Public Expenditure and Revenue Causality Pattern in Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 12 (2022): 398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.912.13674.

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Government expenditure remains an important instrument utilised in the process of development. It plays a pivotal role in the functioning of any economy at almost all stages of growth and development. The expenses incurred will provide the necessary infrastructures such as health care, educational and social security services etc. Funds spent on the provision of infrastructures are basically sourced from taxes, fines, royalties, borrowings and grants from the states, national and international governments. This study is on Nigeria public expenditure and revenue for the period of 2010-2020, dat

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Dr. Mitulkumar T. Parmar. "Fiscal Deficit and Taxes in India: Some Observations." Management Journal for Advanced Research 3, no. 3 (2023): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54741/mjar.3.3.6.

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The national and international evidences suggest that the government projects, and production activities have not been producing considerable returns and profits even to take care of opportunity costs. The attempt in this study is not to focus analytically into public expenditure but delve into some of the important elements and considerations which shaped policy concerns for taxation and their subsequent implications on fiscal deficits and borrowings. Considering the nature of exposition organised in this study, an exploratory analysis is adopted from the viewpoints of expressing critical opi

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Ahmed, Sadiq. "Fighting Inflation in Bangladesh." Journal of Bangladesh Studies 25, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1163/27715086-02501002.

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Bangladesh experienced rising inflation in 2022 that has continued in 2023 even as global oil and other commodity prices have fallen considerably. The government blames this increase in inflation on global supply disruptions. This paper argues that while the origins of the initial inflationary pressures lay in the rise in global inflation resulting from supply disruptions due to Covid-19 and the Ukraine War, the inflationary surge in Bangladesh has been sustained by inappropriate policy responses. Instead of curbing domestic demand by increasing interest rates and reducing fiscal deficits, the

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