Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Government cluster'

The literature on innovation policy and innovation suggests that cities are becoming an increasingly important site for innovation. Yet despite this claim, there is relatively little focused academic literature on local government per se and its role in developing cluster-related innovation policy. The purpose of this dissertation is to help fill that gap by undertaking an analysis of how cluster-related innovation policy development occurs in the City of Toronto. The analysis focuses as much as possible on cluster-related innovation policy in order to differentiate it from other broader and earlier conceptions of innovation policy. This dissertation makes two main research contributions. First, it offers a more focused critical empirical examination of cluster-related innovation policy development at the municipal government level in Canada through two Toronto cluster case studies, the Toronto Aerospace Cluster and the Toronto Fashion Cluster. The second contribution is the local government-relevant analytical framework that is developed which draws needed analytical attention to the particular interwoven dynamics of three variables involved, as a way of understanding cluster-related innovation policy development within two different kinds of clusters. The primary research question explored is: How have the concepts and practices of cluster-related innovation policy at the local level changed in the City of Toronto roughly in the last twelve years? In order to answer this question three main arguments are advanced and examined. The first argument is that cluster-related innovation policy at the local government level, though it has the potential for eventual success, and though it is often touted as providing a very effective mechanism for leveraging a city’s limited amount of fiscal resources, suffers from a lack of conceptual clarity because it is embedded in a range of other related policies described and promoted in other ways including economic development policy, prosperity policy, competitiveness, and industrial sector policies. The second argument is that cluster-related innovation policy at the local government level is likely to have only limited efficacy and impacts unless there are explicit sources of multi-level governance financial support and strong multi-level governance coordination. The third argument is that cluster-related innovation policy at the local level cannot be based on a one size fits all approach given that mega-cities such as Toronto face different challenges of scale and coordination, and given that clusters such as aerospace and fashion exhibit diverse innovation characteristics and coordination and cluster formation challenges. A qualitative research methodology is employed which is built around the analysis of two case studies using both documentary evidence and sources and also confidential interviews. The first technique consists of a systematic exploration of existing documentation from the City of Toronto on their clusters. Federal and provincial documents are also utilized in the case study analysis. The second complementary technique employed consists of semi-structured confidential interviews. These interviews are used for a detailed investigation of participant views of cluster-related innovation policy, and policy processes, during the twelve-year period in the two case studies. The analysis is also placed within historical context through the development of two historical chapters. Two chapters showcase the development of these industries under earlier kinds of industrial, trade and social public policy prior to the case study analysis of each cluster. When the evidence for this first argument is examined, it seems to indicate that cluster-related innovation policy could have provided a very effective mechanism for leveraging the City’s limited amount of fiscal resources but fell well short of doing so, and thus this first argument is borne out empirically. The evidence for the second argument suggests overall that the federal government is not a focused cluster development player. Moreover, it is not engaged in terms of policy development, or coordinating policy development, among the three levels of government. Instead, the federal government tended to take a business climate approach rather than a focused cluster development approach, which does not help the city or municipality per se. The evidence for the third argument suggests that this argument is borne out broadly speaking. Several of the interviewees indicated that Toronto has to be treated differently when it comes to the development of such cluster policy, given the fact that it has to deal with issues of scale and coordination. And this does not mean just the City of Toronto proper, but also the Greater Toronto Area, the GTA. This is the case because arguably it is only in the major cities that one truly finds all of the necessary critical ingredients that can come together to produce a cluster-related innovation policy. Thus the results of our empirical research clearly indicates that Canada’s innovation and related cluster policy architecture is going to have to change if Canada is to live up to its innovation policy and cluster development potential in the 21st century.

Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.

Master of Science<br>Department of Statistics<br>John E. Boyer Jr<br>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the methods used for allocating disaster funds to assist commercial fishery participants as a result of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita of 2005 and to examine alternative methods to aid in determining an efficient criterion for allocating public funds for fisheries assistance. The trip ticket data managed by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries were used and analyzed using a cluster analysis. Results from the clustering procedures show that commercial fishermen consist of seven clusters, while wholesale/retail seafood dealers consist of six clusters. The three tiers into which commercial fishermen were originally classified can be extended to at least eleven (11) clusters, made up of three (3) clusters in tier 1 and an equal number of clusters (4) clusters in tier 2 and tier 3. Similarly, the original three tiers of wholesale/retail seafood dealers can be reclassified into at least nine (9) clusters with two clusters in tier 1, four (4) clusters in tier 2 and three (3) clusters in tier 3. As a result of the clustering reclassifications, alternative compensation plans were developed for the commercial fishermen and wholesale/retail seafood dealers. These alternative compensation plans suggest a reallocation of disaster assistance funds among individual groups of fishermen and among individual groups of dealers. We finally recommend that alternative classification methods should always be considered in order to select the most efficient criterion for allocating public funds in the future.

To promote economic recovery and create jobs, Oregon has developed a collaborative approach to economic development and turned its attention to stimulating the growth of competitive industry (Porterian) clusters. The electric vehicle (EV) cluster is one of the state's 21 priorities. With federal funding for electric vehicle infrastructure and The Electrification of Transportation initiatives, momentum is building. The Oregon University System, a number of state agencies and a coalescing group of EV entrepreneurs are pushing Oregon forward as a major player in the global marketplace. This thesis reviews an Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium study to determine whether the institutions of the Oregon University System and the state government are meeting the needs of EV entrepreneurs in this effort. The review concludes that Oregon's institutions need to further develop their collaborative networks with entrepreneurs for Oregon to be a competitor.

Orientador: Miguel Juan Bacic<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T16:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_JorgedePaiva_M.pdf: 4861029 bytes, checksum: f261c5789c45114d334c39f798e08bca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as possíveis formas de organização das pequenas e médias empresas, quando organizadas e articuladas sob a forma de redes de empresas e pólos industriais para a ação conjunta. Investiga-se como se formam, como funcionam, qual a influência das ações conjuntas na competitividade e os fatores restritivos e impulsionadores deste tipo de organização. Entende-se que a junção e organização das várias firmas instaladas numa dada região contribuem para a sua transformação econômica, principalmente quando levam a cabo o propósito inicial de atuar conjuntamente nas várias frentes possíveis. O trabalho apresenta um estudo destacando um projeto prático de ação conjunta aplicados às pequenas e médias empresas, exeqüível e de fácil entendimento. Como destaque, são apresentados os passos necessários para a formação de associações de empresas, o passo inicial para qualquer tipo de atuação conjunta, de acordo com a legislação. Entende-se que a junção das pequenas firmas pode resultar em benefícios para todos os participantes e também para o entorno. Os exemplos dos distritos industriais italianos, as redes de empresas e o trabalho comunitário mostram as vantagens do trabalho associativista<br>Abstract: The focus of this study is to analyze the possible ways of small and medium companies organization, when organized and articulated as a net of companies and industrials poles for a joined action. This study verifies how the net is created, how it works, what is the influence of the joined actions in the competitively, the restrictive features and what stimulate this kind of organization. It is known that the organization of many companies installed in one region contributes for their economic transformation, mainly when these companies have the initial of purpose acting together in all market areas. This study emphasizes a pratical project based on a joint effort applied to the small and medium companies, of easy understanfing and execution. Distinctively, it presents the necessary steps for the formation of joint ventures, the first necessary step to any kind of joined action, according to the legislation. As a result, the joining of small companies can bring benefits for all participants and also to the region. The example of Italian industrial districts, the nets of companies and the communitarian work show the advantages of the associative work<br>Mestrado<br>Gestão da Qualidade Total<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

У роботі розглядаються теоретико-методичні основи дослідження рекреаційної діяльності на сільських територіях, висвітлюється поняття сільської території та роль сільських територій у туристичній діяльності, досліджується поняття сільського туризму та нормативна база, що забезпечує туристичну діяльність на сільських територіях, наводиться порівняльна характеристика розвитку сільського туризму в країнах Східної Європи. Проаналізовано стан розвитку сільського туризму в Одеській області, соціально-економічний розвиток регіону, його туристичний потенціал та інфраструктура розміщення сільського туризму. Запропоновано стратегічні напрямки розвитку сільського туризму в Одеській області. Розроблено комплекс рекомендацій щодо розвитку сільського туризму в Болградському районі на прикладі Сільськогосподарського обслуговуючого кооперативу «Ресурскомпані Кубей».<br>Diploma thesis deals with the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of recreational activities in rural areas, highlights the concept of rural areas and the role of rural areas in tourism, examines the concept of rural tourism and regulations providing tourism in rural areas, comparative characteristics of rural tourism in Eastern Europe. The state of rural tourism development in the Odesa region, socio-economic development of the region, its tourist potential, and rural tourism infrastructure are analyzed. Strategic directions of rural tourism development in the Odessa region are offered. A set of recommendations for the development of rural tourism in the Bolgrad region has been developed on the example of the Agricultural Service Cooperative "Resource Company Kubei".

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業經濟學研究所<br>104<br>The impact of increasing government debt on growth depends highly on its function and objective. Debt may improve welfare and enhance growth by stimulating consumption; however, an irresponsible increase in debt level may also destroy the foundation of an economy. Currently, most of the empirical literatures have proposed the existence of a nonlinear relationship between debt and economic growth: moreover, an extremely high level of debt to GDP ratio is suggested to be an undesirable factor for long-term development. This research applies clustering methods to investigate the link between government debt-to-GDP ratio and growth of real GDP per capita in 34 OECD countries over the period from 2000 to 2014. Different sorts of groups are categorized by Cluster Analysis. The empirical results reveal the negative relation between the government debt to GDP ratio and the economic growth in OECD countries: more specifically, three out of four groups categorized by clustering methods hold the negative relation while the impact of the remaining group is neutral. The research suggests that the increase in government bonds may not be a good way to stimulate the economy in developed countries: this implication conform with many recent researches on government debt.

Since its publication in 1990, many governments throughout the world have used Michael Porter's Industrial Cluster theory (ICT) as a tool in national and regional economic development. Australian federal and state governments are no exception, and in the last decade, there have been numerous attempts to improve Australia's economic development with implementations of ICT. Most of these efforts have been of limited success, with Australia's record at developing industrial clusters well below the OECD average. One of the major reasons for this has been difficulty in using Porter's theory, and in particular his ideas concerning the role of government, in industrial cluster development. This observed difficulty provides the research opportunity for this thesis. This study focuses on the role that the Tasmanian state government played in the development of one of Australia's most successful industrial clusters, the Tasmanian Light Shipbuilding Industry (TLSI) cluster. The study was conducted as a longitudinal embedded single case study, and included interviews with 25 key informants. S ix of these were current heads of Tasmanian government departments (including the TLSI cluster's training facilities); five were ex-state premiers spanning the TLSI cluster's history (1977-1998); one was the current state premier (1998-present); three were senior bureaucrats that had served the state parliament from 1977-1998; one was an incumbent federal Member of the House of Representatives for Tasmania that has served since 1977; and finally, the nine founding managers of the TLSI cluster's private sector firms (all of whom were still in charge of their organisation in 2002). In order to address the research opportunity, this thesis answers two research questtons. The first research question was: What role did the Tasmanian Government play in the development of the TLSI cluster since its inception in 1977? The answers to this question found a distinct set of government roles that proved beneficial to the TLSI cluster's over its life cycle. The roles that the Tasmanian government had to play were changeable over this life cycle, and ranged from an initially non-committal stance towards the industry, to one that was heavily involved in its infrastructure requirements. The study also found that the role of chance events in Porter's ICT deserved considerably more prominence than the theory suggested. The second research question was: How did the change in the importance of the TLSI cluster to the Tasmanian economy over time impact upon the Tasmanian government's policy development process? The answers to this research question indicated that the relative importance of the TLSI cluster to the Tasmanian economy influenced the degree of government interaction with and development of the industry cluster. In particular, the research indicates how the Tasmanian government's policy choices were related to the perceived needs and political power of the TLSI cluster firms (particularly that of the hub-firm International Catamarans). The degree o f social responsibility felt, separately, b y International Catamarans and the Tasmanian government was found to be significant in the mix of factors affecting policy and progress.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班<br>99<br>The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors affecting energy consumption and establish energy criteria based on power consumption per unit area of government agencies in Taiwan. According to the information provided by Taiwan Green Productivity Foundation, this study analyzes the factors affecting energy consumption and established the relationship between power consumption per unit area of institutions and impact factors. This study aims to investigate the energy efficiency of the census administration office in local government authorities in 2009. Through Multiple Regression analysis, significant factor has been found. That is the relationship between DH (Cooling Degree Day) and Number of employees per unit area. And using Cluster analysis of factors will have a significant relationship between DH (Cooling Degree Day) and Number of employees per unit area. They can be divided into the low, medium and high energy density group. The first group located in a mild climate and areas with low population density for the low energy density is about 13%. The second group located in the hot climate and areas with low population density for the medium energy density is about 65%. The third group located in the hot weather and areas of high population density for high energy density group is about 22%. For the following research, the results of the analysis can provide government agencies for reference by multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis. The results of this analysis need to be verified by the actual measurement. And the following research can find out the main cause of poor energy performance.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>都市計劃研究所<br>106<br>Coming into the post-industrial age, cities are considered to be creative spaces, because they provide opportunities for many people to meet by chance, and face-to-face. Under the concept, more and more studies show that the city is regarded as a space for entrepreneurship and encouraging young people to start their own businesses. Currently, creative cluster and entrepreneurship are discussed respectively in different schools, but rarely discussed them together. In Taiwan, local governments have begun to dominate various activities and policies about cultural and creative ideas, and also emphasize youth entrepreneurship. This study’s subject is mainly about the government-led startup hub; the core question is to explore whether the government-led has helped young people's entrepreneurial ability and creativity. What effect will it cause? The overall thesis is conducted through three questions: What is the particularity of government-led youth innovation space; How the clustering affect and be the importance role to the creative industry under the policy input; and whether the government's supporting and cultivating process will have external effect on young people. Therefore, this study used literature analysis and field researches, by interviewing with 17 respondents related to Shenji368 Startup Cluster to fulfill the research. First of all, the study found that the particularity of the government-led startup hub is that it can provide the factors of low risk and high opportunities; Second, by carefully designing the environment for incubation and shaping the culture dishes, the government enables the creative workers to approach the market creativity, but it is a predictable modular creativity; Finally, because of the policy arrangement on location and space, the overall trend towards commercialization is closer to the market, which also makes the balance between creativity and entrepreneurship of young entrepreneurs appear crisis.

Because of the serious financial plight of local governments (Dollery et. al, 2012) and in response to the emergence of a neo-liberal regime (Geddes, 2005), the Victorian State Government has sought strategies for improving both economic efficiency and participatory democratic governance. Establishing a network form of local governance was one of the strategies, with various actors from non-government sectors joining in the public policy process (Considine and Lewis, 2003). Previous studies did not clearly address the following issues: why the Victorian Local Governments introduced a network structure for their governance, how the involved organizations were coordinated, what affected their collaborative relationships, and the impacts of networking. The purpose of this study was to answer those questions. The Kindergarten Cluster Management policy framework is an example of a local government’s network governance. A multiple-case study was conducted with twelve interviewees who were primary stakeholders of kindergarten service provision in four different local councils. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed by pattern matching following Yin’s (2004) guidelines. This study found that local governments sought to improve economic their efficiency by networking, and that the national and Victorian Governments’ social policies and regulations significantly affected the operations of local governments and community organizations. This research found that three modes of governance - hierarchy, market and network - were utilised as coordinating mechanisms by the collaborating organizations. In contrast to the previous literature, this study found that a hierarchy mode of governance maintained stable and reliable working relationships. The relationships formed through contracts were fragile, which was characteristic of the market mode of governance. The network mode of governance existed in all collaborative relationships, and facilitated the smooth communication among network participants. ‘The Rhodes model’ of policy network (Rhodes 1992, p.13-14), identified in previous research, was not utilizable, but the concept of industrial networks (Johanson and Mattsson, 1991) can also be applied to the connection of organizations involved in the provision of kindergarten services. That said, the different positions held by stakeholders provided different perspectives, particularly in the assessment of networking outcomes.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015<br>The Department of Justice and Constitutional Development has been mandated by the government of the day to render accessible, fair, speedy and cost effective administration of justice in the interest of a safer and more secure South Africa. The department then set service standards to be able to achieve its goals. Like other departments in the country, the department of Justice has officials who perform duties to ensure that service is delivered to people. These officials have to conduct themselves in an acceptable manner prescribed by the employer. Since the code of conduct has been developed to promote and maintain high standard of professional ethics throughout the public service, the code of conduct is mandatory if effective service delivery is to reach all South Africans. Public servants must ensure that their conduct conforms to the basic values and principles governing public administration. The research focused on how discipline is managed in Malamulele cluster magistrate’s courts, in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Qualitative research methodology was used. Results indicated that some structures and individuals know their roles and responsibilities in management of discipline, however the understanding is only to a certain extent. Managers have been made to believe that it is proper to attend only less serious misconducts and refer the serious ones to the labour relations section at the regional level. Recommendations were advanced on activities that need to be performed in order for discipline to be well managed.

This study investigates prevailing factors that impede the implementation of affirmative action in the Durban Automotive Cluster. This study will enable DAC affiliates to determine their obstacles and challenges with respect to the implementation of affirmative action. The service provider of the DAC CB and M Analysts) will also be able to advise companies through their development programmes and recommend what has to be done in order to bring blacks on board. This study relied on primary data. In-depth interviews were conducted with the senior managers ofDAC affiliates using unstructured questionnaires. Secondary data from the DAC database was analysed to strengthen the qualitative data. The data focused on the distribution of different population groups across the levels of occupations. The aim of the study is not to generalise about affirmative action but to obtain more in-depth clarity on the research problem. The findings have established that the pool of technically qualified and experienced blacks is very small and hence they are in short supply in the market. A number of factors such as direct ownership and low turnover of staff were raised as one of the aspects that hinder affirmative action. Constraints such as attitudes of white middle management appeared to have been addressed by these companies. The findings also clarified the role of human resources department in driving affirmative action. In most companies, the human resources department is part and parcel of management and actively involved in affirmative action. The study discovered that poaching also arises as a result of the shortage of skilled blacks. Retention of black employees is a problem for the majority of the companies. Despite these shortcomings, this study revealed that proper channels such as training, development and mentoring were followed for both internal and external recruits. This is being done to avoid window dressing. The other constraint of the affirmative action programme is government capacity. The key constraints to delivery are limited staff capacity, scarcity of human resources at governmental level; lack of coordination and integration with other spheres of national and provincial government labour departments and the lack of effective organizational, technical and managerial support for affirmative action. With respect to globalisation, the automotive sector is a dynamic and global sector which is changing fast due to technology and globalisation. As a result, the requirements of the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM's) who are competing globally were seen as a hindering factor to the realisation of affirmative action. In conclusion, the achievements of affirmative action programmes amongst DAC affiliates were very modest in relation to both national expectations and their own stated goals due to shortage of skills, family and direct ownership and poaching. Implementation has proved far more complex and resource demanding than originally anticipated.<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.

Квалификационная работа магистра состоит из трех разделов. Объект исследования – процесс государственного регулирования туристическим бизнесом в Украине. В работе рассматриваются теоретические основы государственного регулирования туристическим бизнесом, характеризуются существующие модели регулирования, определяется значение государственной туристической политики. Проанализирована существующая структура государственного регулирования сферой туризма в Украине, произведена оценка индикаторов развития Украины в международном туризме, проведен сравнительный анализ моделей государственного регулирования туризма в Украине и Франции. Обосновано создание туристических кластеров как современное направление регулирования туристического бизнеса, предложены механизмы и определены перспективы создания туристических кластеров в Украине.<br>Master's qualification work consists of three sections. The object of research is the process of state regulation of the tourism business in Ukraine. The paper discusses the theoretical foundations of state regulation of the tourism business, characterizes existing regulatory models, determines the importance of state tourism policy. The existing structure of state regulation in the sphere of tourism in Ukraine is analyzed, the indicators of development of Ukraine in international tourism are assessed, a comparative analysis of models of state regulation of tourism in Ukraine and France is carried out. The creation of tourism clusters as a modern direction in the regulation of tourism business has been substantiated, mechanisms have been proposed and prospects for creating tourism clusters in Ukraine have been defined.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>建築與城鄉研究所<br>90<br>After the economic reform arose in 1978, Mainland China Government sat up the so-called "socialism market-oriented economy with Chinese feature" and leaded the China to a new transforming era. The speedy development of enterprise and industrialization in the rural areas caused the transformation of residual labor forces, arranged the relationships between urban and country and combined the concern of producing and the rural space. All the innovations, included highlighting the urbanization of small towns and enlarging their economic collaboration, piloted China to link with international division of labor. At the moment, there were many important cities and towns arising and till now they always make a surprised achievement in China''''s economic development. In the severe expanding, Dongguan, a vital town in the Pearl River Delta and an economic reform pioneer in Mainland China, which is also the most important and concentrated overseas manufacturing area of Taiwanese enterprises, and its development policies under the influences of investing by foreign capitals such as Taiwan and Hong Kong and even the global economy, have always played a significant role in China''''s economic development history. Dongguan, which was the best choice when Taiwanese enterprises wanted to move out their conventional industries, now becomes one of the most important PC and IT manufacturing stations in the world. Therefore, many Taiwanese businesses stretched themselves to large and transnational enterprises from small-to-medium-sized and national industries. In there, Taiwanese enterprises search out the possibility to extend their businesses. Consequently, I illustrate the principal causes of guiding Dongguan to be a main manufacturing station in the world from such a desolate town in Chapter 2. Then I discuss about its developing pattern and the interrelationships between local government and Taiwanese enterprises when they were clustering around in Chapter 3 and 4. In Chapter 5, I try to analyze in a view of theory. In short words, I investigated the causes of attracting Taiwanese enterprises'''' investment in 80''''s, the clustering process and the governance of a cross-border economic region. The crucial rise of Dongguan not only relied on local government''''s policy, identity of business but also on its geographical features and superiorities. And most of important is on the network leading the Dongguan pattern''''s development. The restructuring of producing regions must bring out new social network relation and finally the power structure is going to affect the regional governance. I also want to expound the main reason to promote this economic region is the relationships between Dongguan local government and the Taiwanese enterprises network, and the network interactions of businesses and the officials.

博士<br>國立中興大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>106<br>This paper explores internal, external knowledge sharing, social capital government policy, and partner portfolio as antecedents of innovation strategy at the firm level and investigates their effects on financial performance according to customer satisfaction. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested by examining a sample of 209 technology firms in Taiwan science parks. Using a structural equation model, the results show that a firm’s knowledge sharing and social capital shape the innovation strategies and they highlight the positive impacts of collaborative and in-house innovation strategies on customer satisfaction which positively affects financial performance. We find the purposive and selective impact of knowledge sharing on different strategies and uneven effects on performance via mediation of strategies choice. The evidence complements the way to mitigate the dilemma between knowledge sharing and spillover and clarify the ambiguous arguments between collaborative and outsourcing strategies. It highlights a firm with hybridity (ambidexterity) in strategy enhances the complementarity not only between internal and external knowledge sharing but also between public and private innovation (PPI) activities. The findings provide empirical implications for hi-tech managers to make their innovation strategy more efficient and effective in coping with dynamically-competitive environments.

博士<br>國立中山大學<br>企業管理學系研究所<br>104<br>The recent 20 years, economic development in emerging countries shows a rapidly growing trend which receives a global attention. Facing such huge markets growing of emerging economies, not only need companies to consider risk dispersed but also expand overseas markets and increase market share. How businesses respond to institutional reforms, negotiate with the host government, and bargain with related industries is a crucial topic of concern for the industry, government, and academia, particularly with those in China, an emerging economy and a world-class manufacturer. To transform the Chinese economy from a planned, closed economy to an open market economy, the Chinese government establishes numerous of Special Economic Zones over the past 30 years, and have made historic achievements in the areas of economic and social developments. Furthermore, industrial cluster has become the guiding principle of economic policy and an important basis of investing location for multinational firms. Most previous studies of Industrial Clusters concentrate on the national interest of whole industrial cluster and most of the researches were investigated by developed countries; only few studies explore the emerging developing countries. In addition, only a few studies focus on what strategies to be used for clustered firms to improve their competitiveness, which will be researched on this paper. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among cluster, institutionalization, and organizational performance. Network ties and government relationship are used to explain the relationship. The results of this study suggest that network ties and government relationship have a positive relationship with the institutional phenomenon. Except bridging ties, the network ties, government relationship, and institutional phenomenon play a positive role in affecting the organizational performance. Conclusions and suggestions are made for business practitioners and academic researchers.

碩士<br>長榮大學<br>經營管理研究所<br>98<br>The aim of this research is to analyze the impact and the mediating effect of industry cluster, innovation, core technology and government’s technology policy on the performance of biotechnology industry in Taiwan Biotechnology industry is unanimously regarded as ‘one of the most blooming industries in 21st century’ by developed countries. In order to help the biotechnolgy industry to become another ‘trillion-dollar industry’, Taiwan’s government has enacted several new technology policies, by offering great benefit and preferential measures. The research objects are based on the biotechnology industries in ‘Taiwan Biotechnology Industry Almanac 2008’, using questionnaire to acquire data. Totally 374 questionnaires were issued and questionnaire retrieval rate is 21%. Multiple Regression Analysis and ANOVA are used to analyze these data. This research found that the impact of industry cluster, innovation, core technology and government’s technology policy upon biotechnology companies’ performance are shown positive correlation. In addition, the harmonic effect among every variable also presents positive correlation. This research is hoped to be a useful and helpful tool for other related researchers and also for the whole biotechnology industry.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and preparedness of the Inkandla and Mbazwana school clusters concerning the sharing of information resources. This investigation needs to be viewed bearing in mind the contexts of developing countries. These countries are poor but experience varying degrees of poverty, and there is always a shortage of funds to support quality assuring programmes, for example libraries. Access to amenities like laboratories and libraries is generally viewed as a luxury, more so by people who went through their education deprived of these facilities but who managed nevertheless to obtain high qualifications. The argument tends to be "some of us made it without libraries, therefore they are not important". Unfortunately many policymakers think like this. There have always been sectors pushing for the development of school libraries, coupled with resource based learning as this approach is regarded as likely to produce independent, lifelong learners. A resource based curriculum requires an abundance of resources, however the issue of lack of funding referred to above, may prevent any individual school from having all the resources required to support a resource based curriculum. Creative ways of ensuring the availability of resources to all schools have been conceived and clustering schools in order to encourage them to share resources and expertise is one of them. The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education has used the clustering of schools for resource sharing. The evolution of the clustering project however, took different forms and subsequent events showed that the form taken either allowed for further growth and development, or subjected the project to failure and decay. The Inkandla and Mbazwana scenarios, presented two different models and different evolutionary histories that present interesting topics for research, and both scenarios had different stories to tell. Issues of acceptance, that is awareness and preparedness, accessibility, and community dynamics play a major role in ensuring the success or failure of a project; and this is very evident in Mbazwana and Inkandla. This study attempted to measure the levels of awareness and preparedness concerning the sharing of information resources. Preparatory ground work among communities was necessary to ensure the people were willing to embrace the concept of resource sharing and its values. Three methods were selected as appropriate to the study that is reviewing the relevant literature and data collection by questionnaire and interview schedule. Two nodal points were studied, one at Inkandla and another at Mbazwana. Stratified sampling with ten respondents from each cluster was used to make the sample representative. Since the study needed to establish the levels of awareness and preparedness by these cluster members as well as nodal schools of the clustering concept, it emerged from the study that there are two types of awareness, that is, awareness of the vision, and awareness of the centres or nodal points and their resources. Responses concerning awareness of the vision yielded a variety of results because the levels of awareness differed from individual to individual, and it is the levels of awareness that eventually determine levels of preparedness to embrace the concepts, ultimately affecting the use and non-use of the centres. The study revealed that even though the concept has numerous challenges, the population studied was not generally averse to the concept, however, a lot of preparatory work needs to be done prior to setting up such projects. Once set up careful monitoring and a timely response to problems is important for the sustainability of these centres.<br>Thesis (MIS)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, [2006].

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти державної регуляторної політики у сфері інформаційних технологій та їх роль для розвитку національної економіки, досліджено світовий досвід зі стимулювання галузі. Проаналізовано сучасний стан ІТ-ринку та екосистеми розвитку ІТ в Україні, розглянуто основні проблеми галузі. Запропоновано основні напрямки державної політики стимулювання розвитку сфери інформаційних технологій та прогноз основних показників розвитку ІТ-сектору.<br>Theoretical aspects of government regulatory policy in information technology and its role in the development of national economy are investigated. The international experience in IT industry stimulation is explored. Current Ukrainian IT market and IT ecosystem are assessed. Some directions of the government`s IT regulatory policy improvements are suggested. Forecasts of the key IT`s development indicators are proposed.

Location is a critical component of business decisions. A firm's location decision may be influenced not only by market forces, such as the location of input suppliers, output processors and competitors, but also by government policies if such policies impact their expected profits and are applied non-uniformly across space. Likewise, a firm may adjust its business strategy, including opening and closing establishments and laying off employees as responses to changes in environmental regulations. In certain polluting industries, location decisions may include choosing potential storage sites for geologic carbon sequestration or finding landfills for industrial solid waste. There is extensive literature discussing the effects of environmental regulations or agglomeration economies on firm location decisions but few studies analyze the interactive effect of environmental regulations and agglomeration economies across regions in the United States. The potential consequences of changes in environmental regulations may include loss of polluting establishments, jobs, and income. Geological carbon sequestration offers long term storage opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHGs). Incorporating environmental risk into economic assessments of geological sequestration choices is crucial for finding optimal strategies in using alternative carbon storage sites with limited capacity. This dissertation consists of three essays that address the above issues. The first essay examines the interactive effects of air quality regulation and agglomeration economies on polluting firms' location decisions in the United States. Newly available annual (1989-2006) county-level manufacturing plant location data for the United States on seven pollution intensive manufacturing industries are applied in the analysis. Conditional Poisson and negative binomial models are estimated, an efficient GMM estimator is also employed to control for endogenous regulatory and agglomeration variables. Results indicate that births of pollution intensive manufacturers are deterred by stricter environmental regulation; and are attracted by local agglomeration economies. County attainment/nonattainment designations can impose heterogeneous impacts over space and across industries. The magnitude of the regulatory effect depends on the level of local agglomeration. Urbanization economies offset the negative impacts of environmental regulation, whereas localization economies can reinforce or offset the negative impacts of environmental regulation, depending on the industry. The second essay analyzes the effect of changes in regulatory environmental standards on the total stocks of establishments and local jobs and income Results indicate the effects vary across counties in the United States. When the standards were raised to 80 percent of the current level, from 2007 to 2009, the affected counties would lose a total of 326 establishments, 14,711 jobs with $705 million U.S. dollars of income each year. At the national economy level, the impacts of tightening environmental regulations are relatively small. The third essay constructs a dynamic optimization framework that deals with optimal utilization of alternative nonrenewable resource sites (geological formations) with possible negative externalities. We apply the model to an optimal usage problem of alternative long term CO₂ geologic storage sites for carbon. The storage sites are different in terms of capacity and potential leakage after CO₂ injection; the problem is determining the minimum cost for storing a fixed amount of CO₂ (sequestered) within a certain time period. Analytical solutions show the decision rule depends on the discount rate, storage capacities, marginal CO₂ storage costs, and environmental damage costs associated with CO₂ leakage from alternative sinks. The framework provides critical information about the optimal timing of switching from one resource sequestration site to another.<br>Graduation date: 2013<br>Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Feb. 1, 2013 - Feb. 1, 2015