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Academic literature on the topic 'Government Policies in Microfinance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Government Policies in Microfinance"
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Lash, Nicolas A., and Bala Batavia. "Government Policies and Micro Lending in Emerging Markets." Review of Economic and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (2016): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0023.
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AbstractAlthough microfinance institutions have expanded rapidly since their inception in 1983, their growth has varied substantially among countries. This study examines the impact of government expenditures, taxes and regulations on the volume of microcredit for 92 emerging market countries for the period 2000-2011. The Index of Economic Freedom data is used as a proxy for government intervention while microcredit is represented alternatively by either the Gross Loan Portfolio Per-Capita or Penetration Index variables. While excessive government intervention could potentially encourage more lending in the informal microfinance markets, our findings suggest that, for both credit variables, the net impact is to reduce microcredit. The variables appearing to be most responsible are business regulations, taxes, and corruption. Tests using subperiods and also with a dynamic version suggest that our model is quite robust.
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Abdallah Alshammari, Ahmed Mahmoud, and Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Daud. "The Effect of Microfinance Bank Services on Women Empowerment: The case for Women Entrepreneurs in Irbid, Jordan (SMEs)." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business 9, no. 1 (2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17687/jeb.v9i1.415.
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Generally, women, entrepreneurs face problems in accessing funding due to factors that stem from cultural values, ??societal needs, family ties, illiteracy, gender discrimination, strict government policies, economic crisis, and the lack of training in entrepreneurship and skills acquisition that hinders entrepreneurial activities. This study was conducted to examine the impact of microfinance bank services in empowering female entrepreneurship in Irbid Governorate. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design consisting of 20,000 registered businesswomen. A total of 392 working women were selected using stratified sampling technique and the data was analysed using Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS3 software. The results showed that microfinance loans, microfinance savings, and financial interventions or donations had a significant, positive impact on empowering women's businesses in Irbid, Jordan. The study concluded that microfinance deposits could elevate women’s income and act as a guarantee to obtain loans and other microfinance services. Consequently, microfinance institutions (MFIs) should empower more women-owned businesses. In addition, the government through the Central Bank of Jordan should reduce the interest rate of microfinance banks to attract more female entrepreneurs and create more microfinance bank plans and financial intervention packages to enhance financial services to ensure donations and funds reach women entrepreneurs.
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Shalini, Dr Bindu Arora, and Dr Anil Dangwal. "Influence Of Microfinance On Economic Empowerment Of Women." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (2021): 1020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09634.
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Women have competencies of changing the society along with the world. In developing countries, women are facing evil of gender discrimination. Men and women are not equally privileged but scenario is changing now because females are being empowered but still women are suffering from gender inequality problem. Women empowerment is need of hour for development of the world. The government took initiative in form of microfinance to carry forward women in life. So, it becomes necessary to analyse influence of microfinance on women empowerment. It is based on descriptive research design with using multistage sampling technique. The sample size is 400 rural women beneficiaries of Haryana and information is collected by pre-designed questionnaire through interview Data is conducted through SPSS. Regression and correlation analysis is used to examine data through SPSS. Microfinance measured through micro-credit and micro saving. Economic empowerment selected indicators are household income and household saving. The researchers found that there is positive impact of microfinance on economic empowerment of women. This study will be fruitful for the government, microfinance institutions and banks in policies making to empower women. This study could encourage women for savings and investing activities. It might inspire women to take part in microfinance schemes
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Katuka, Blessing, and Ranga Mathias Mavhunga. "Profitability Determinants in Microfinance Industry: Case of Zimbabwe (2010-2014)." Journal of Global Economy 12, no. 4 (2016): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i4.442.
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This paper looked at determinants of profitability of microfinance institutions operating in Zimbabwe. The study employed case study approach on one credit-only MFI in Zimbabwe. Using Multiple Regression Techniques, the study identified profitability determinants in the Zimbabwean microfinance industry using 2011-2015 monthly data. Major findings were that ROA and ROE are influenced differently by cost efficiency ratio, cost per borrower ratio and GNU. The study showed that both ROA and ROE are negatively influenced by cost efficiency and cost per borrower ratios. The identified relationship supports the X-efficiency hypothesis which assumes negative relationship between cost/income ratio and profitability. ROA model detected GNU as significant variable and according to results, the variable has negative influence on ROA. To improve profitability in the Zimbabwean microfinance industry, the researcher recommends MFI managers to closely monitor cost efficiency and cost per borrower ratios. The study also roped in government as key stakeholder in driving profitability within the microfinance industry. The study recommends Zimbabwean government to pursue consistency in its political policies as well as systems.
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Mettenheim, Kurt Eberhart von, and Maria Fernanda Freire de Lima. "Monetary channels of social inclusion: a case study of basic income and the Caixa Econômica Federal in Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 48, no. 6 (2014): 1451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-76121500.
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This article reports evidence of new monetary channels for social inclusion involving basic income policies and the Caixa Econômica Federal, a Brazilian government savings bank. Since the Plano Real (Brazilian currency) and the liberalization of banking in the 1990s, the realization of competitive advantages by the Caixa as social policy agent and the importance of citizenship cards differ from existing theories of bank change, financial inclusion and monetary policy. Multi-method research reveals the importance of 1) political theories of basic income, 2) conceptions of citizenship and social justice, and 3) a back to the future modernization of government banking. This provides alternatives to contemporary market-based banking theory, neo-liberal policies, private and non-governmental microfinance strategies, and theories in political economy about fiscal constraints to social policies. New monetary channels of change also suggest that zero sum theories about politics, monetary authority and social inclusion are amiss.
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Obebo, Forah M., Nelson H. W. Wawire, and Joseph M. Muniu. "Effects of Participation of Micro and Small Enterprises in Microfinance on Their Performance in Kenya." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 7 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n7p78.
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The development of the microfinance sub-sector in Kenya is seen as a favourable catalyst for increasing performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs). Despite the development, MSEs continue to suffer from high levels of financial exclusion and shortage of operating funds. This scenarios raise policy questions on whether participation in microfinance has effects on performance of MSEs. While past studies on this relationship have demonstrated that the effects are mixed, an understanding of the effects on participation of microfinance on different segments on MSEs - especially the youth and women owned businesses and age of businesses, is necessary in designing relevant policy changes in the MSE subsector. To address this, the study used the 2016 FinAccess Dataset and estimated these effects using the propensity score matching technique. This model was considered suitable since it accounted for potential endogeneity biases associated with self-selection into participation, unobserved entrepreneurial abilities and risk taking behaviour of MSEs. Apart from showing that participation in microfinance has positive effects on performance of MSEs, the study has demonstrated that there is presence of constraints limiting the impact of microfinance especially in firms owned by the youth and women. As such, there is need for policy and product designs to address these hindrances even as participation in microfinance is encouraged. Based on the results, it is recommended that government and microfinance providers should design policies and products that increase firm participation in microfinance. This may be through scaling up financial literacy programmes and encouraging acquisition of permits. Finally, policy should address obstacles that hinder the youth and women owned MSEs from benefiting from microfinance.
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Abdul-Majeed Alaro, AbdulRazzaq, and Abdulrahman Habeeb Alalubosa. "Potential of Sharī’ah compliant microfinance in alleviating poverty in Nigeria." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 12, no. 1 (2019): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-01-2017-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the option of Sharī’ah-compliant microfinance as a viable alternative to many previous approaches adopted by the Nigerian State in tackling the menace of poverty in the land. In spite of many poverty alleviation policies and interventions of the past three decades, millions of Nigerians still live in abject poverty, while thousands of university graduates roam the streets looking for jobs. Many unemployed Nigerians with good business ideas are usually discouraged by the alarmingly high interest rate charged on start-up capitals by local banks. Design/methodology/approach To achieve its objective, this paper used both analytical and qualitative methods after thoroughly examining many relevant literature and empirical works. The study explores four Sharī’ah tools for the implementation of the proposed scheme, to wit: musharakah, mudharabah, zakat and waqf. Findings The study finds that the suggested Sharī’ah tools are viable and sustainable in lunching microfinance projects in the Nigerian context. The paper further argues that exploring Islamic non-interest microfinance options will guarantee the financial inclusion of a large percentage of Nigerians, pursuant to the Constitutional provision on economic rights of the entire citizenry (s.16 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended). Originality/value The paper identifies a yet-to-be explored viable option, with great potential not only in enhancing government policies for poverty alleviation but also in assuring a large percentage of the citizens of financial inclusion.
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Shettima, Usman, and Nazam Dzolkarnaini. "Board characteristics and microfinance institutions’ performance." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 8, no. 3 (2018): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of board characteristics on MFIs performance in Nigeria. A specific country study is warranted given the results from pooled cross-country studies may be biased owing to a failure to control for country differences. It is also particularly challenging to generalize the outcome of these results into a specific country given that many factors about MFIs, ranging from the nature of governance, legal status, size and prudential regulations, are not similar across countries. Design/methodology/approach The relationship between board characteristics and microfinance banks performance in Nigeria is tested using a sample of 120 firm-year observations covering 30 MFIs in the periods from 2010 to 2013. The study extracted all microfinance-level data from the Microfinance Information Exchange database. Findings The authors document a positive and significant relationship between board size and MFIs performance. The authors also find negative relation between female directors and MFIs performance, but not significant. The results suggest that larger board size indicates good corporate governance practice, which leads to reduced agency cost. Research limitations/implications This study sheds new lights on the Nigerian MFIs’ board room dynamic. As the government is increasingly contemplating on the board structure and corporate governance policies, the study offers useful and timely empirical guidance to the Nigerian regulators. Originality/value Given the important role of microfinance industry in Nigeria, this is the first study of its kind analyzing the impact of board characteristics on microfinance performance among Nigerian MFIs.
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Ayam, J., F. Abangbase, and E. N. Dadzie. "PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF MICROFINANCE ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN LANKWANTANANG-MADINA MUNICIPALITY." UDS International Journal of Development 7, no. 2 (2021): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47740/501.udsijd6i.
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This paper examines the impact of microfinance on women empowerment through a cross-sectional survey with a total of 189 respondents in La-Nkwantanang municipality. Paired sample t-test was performed to analyse the situation before and after joining Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) to access credit facilities. Women empowerment is measured using three indicators namely: standard of living; generation of income from business operation; and participation in decision making at the family level. The main effects of microfinance services computed using the summated scale were found to suggest an improved standard of living with an average mean score of 1.5234 and standard deviation of 0.84099, improvement in business operations with a score of 1.4769 and standard deviation of 0.98718 and enhanced participation of women in decision making with a mean of 1.38378 and standard deviation of 0.98287. The paired sample test results indicated a p-value of 0.000 which is less than 5% (p<0.05). This study confirms the view that access to micro credit after joining MFIs, increased participants’ incomes and savings, improved their standard of living and increased their participation in decision making within the family. Based on the findings, it is recommended that MFIs should expand their financial advisory services to ensure the prudent utilisation of micro credit. Government must design appropriate micro credit policies that support this expansion. Keywords: Microfinance, Women Empowerment, Survey, Ghana
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Singh, Archana. "Leadership in female SHGs: traits/abilities, situational or forced?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 3/4 (2014): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2013-0110.
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Purpose – Microfinance/microcredit/self-help groups (SHGs), as an instrument of women's empowerment, have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, despite being one of the most important aspects of SHGs, leadership in these groups has been neglected in the existing literature. The purpose of this paper is to focus on leadership in women-SHGs, and particularly on factors contributing to the emergence of leaders. Design/methodology/approach – The research followed quantitative methodology. The study was conducted on women-SHGs in Dharavi (Mumbai, India), one of the largest slums in Asia. An equal number of leaders and non-leader members from women-SHGs were interviewed. Findings – The findings demonstrates that a “participative/democratic style of leadership” is preferred by non-leader members within female SHGs. It also highlights that apart from traits/abilities of members and their situation within family and the group, other external factors also contribute to the emergence of leaders within SHGs. Often, rules and regulations of formal institutions and government policies force the group to replace its most efficient leader with another with no proven leadership qualities. The findings compelled us to re-think: “Is it really traits or situations that influence the emergence of leaders within women-SHGs?” or, “Is it a matter of forced leadership?” Leadership in female SHGs needs to be understood in totality, within the framework of their domestic world and their socio-economic context. Practical implications – The findings of the study provide scope to governments and other formal institutions to re-evaluate their existing policies, rules and regulations in dealing with female SHGs in order to help women's empowerment in a real sense. Originality/value – The study was conducted using a limited number of female SHGs, but it provides an insight to existing practitioners, governments and other formal institutions that are working on microfinance and using SHGs to empower women.