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1
Hamunyela, Suama LN. "Information sharing in government departments : a Namibian case study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2295.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013.<br>This study explores information sharing in government departments from a developing
country's perspective. Efforts to understand the relationship between information sharing as
a concept and the e-government(s) phenomenon are made and discussed. Literature
reviewed in this study indicates that information sharing is a core component of the eadministration
part of e-government. E-government initiatives are intended to enable
information sharing between and within government departments. ICT initiatives under the egovernment
umbrella facilitate information sharing within government departments. However,
such initiatives fail to or do not achieve their intended objectives due to technological,
organisational, environmental and people related limitations. The process to overcome such
barriers can begin by analysing activities focusing on information sharing processes as a
means of identifying needs for improvement. There is a need to discuss work activities,
actors, aims of activities and the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
in government departments, in order to identify information sharing needs and make possible
recommendations for effective information sharing processes. A conceptual model is recommended to improve information sharing in government
departments, and it has shown promise when applied to a selected work activity in this study.
The results of the work activity case study show that technology, organization, environmental
and people related factors indeed exist in the government's department and can have both a
positive and a negative influence on information sharing between the three governing levels
of the Namibian government.
A pair of recommendations is given in this study. Firstly, a technology-organisationalenvironmental-
people framework is recommended to government departments for effective
information sharing. Secondly, recommendations are given to facilitate the information
sharing needs of the Child Allowance (CA) department in the Ministry of Gender Equality and
Child Welfare (MGECW). Limitations of the study and opportunities for further research that
have been identified are stated at the end of this study.
2
Riruako, Hoze. "The paradox of decentralization in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5257_1190379709.
Full textAbstract:
<p>It was the purpose of this study to demonstrate that the government of Namibia has been seeking to adopt structures and procedures that will contribute to the realization of general national development. Decentralization in any country takes place in a political context and its implementation assumes some political significance, as it is not merely a matter of centralization or decentralization of government functions and procedures, but both centralization and decentralization tendencies exist and reinforce each other in practice. This study argues that the dynamic features of decentralization and its implementation in Namibia have been shaped by central government's view, through the ministry of regional and local government and housing, of the concept decentralization. The objectives of this study were to provide a critical understanding of the theoretical foundation of the concept decentralization.</p>
3
Tsamareb, Clemensius. "Decentralization in Namibia: a case study of the Hardap Regional Council." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7485_1254813044.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The main objective of this study was to examine how the process of decentralization has affected the rendering of essential services in Namibia, through a case study of the Hardap Region. The main aim of this research was to determine the extent to which the objectives of the decentralization policy have been achieved by the Hardap Regional Council. The main objectives of the decentralization policy of the Namibian Government were to extend, enhance and guarantee participatory democracy and to safeguard rapid sustainable development.</p>
4
Emmett, Tony. "Popular resistance and the roots of nationalism in Namibia, 1915-1966 /." Basel : P. Schlettwein, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388655658.
Full textAbstract:
Th. doct.--Faculty of arts--Johannesburg--University of the Witwatersrand, 1987. Titre de soutenance : The rise of African nationalism in South West Africa/Namibia, 1915-1966.<br>Bibliogr. p. 351-377. Index.
5
Kandetu, Tengovandu Kakeni. "Business and information technology alignment : a case analysis at the Government Institutions Pension Fund (Namibia)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20831.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The incumbent needs for business excellence has placed demands on seamless
relations between the IT organization and the business. This is a relationship
that can never be left to chance. Hence, the objectives of this research were to
assess whether the information technology strategy is aligned to the business
strategy of the Government Institutions Pension Fund in Namibia and to
ascertain how to narrow the gap between IT and business strategies at GIPF.
This research has utilized a questionnaire as the main data source. The
questionnaire had a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient = 0.956, signaling a
great internal consistency for the 33 questions of the survey instrument. The
survey was performed on a random sample size limited to n=35, which indicates
that the results may not be conclusive.
The research revealed that the needs of the business should take pre-eminence
in the alignment initiative and that IT implementations should be aimed at
achieving those needs. However, there are times when IT needs to drive the
business agenda in order to champion new opportunities and stimulate new
efficiencies.
In conclusion, it was established that the credibility of the IT organization, the
management of demand for services and the relationship between IT and
business executives are central to the quest for alignment. Proper consideration
of these issues should be maintained to enable the use of IT for the benefit of
business strategy.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige behoeftes vir besigheids-uitnemendheid het hoe vereistes geplaas op
'n geoliede en foutloose verhouding tussen inligtingstegnologie (IT) en die
besigheid. Daar kan nie aanvaar word dat hierdie verhouding vanself sal
ontwikkel nie. Die doelwitte van hierdie navorsing is juis om vas te stel of die
GIPF van Namibie se inligtingstegnologie strategie in Iyn is met die besigheidsstrategie
en om te bepaal hoe hierdie gaping nouer gemaak kan word.
Die navorsing het gebruik gemaak van 'n vraelys as die hoof bron van data. Die
vraelys het 'n Cronbach alpha betrouebare koeffisient van 0.956, wat aandui dat
daar groot interne konsekwentheid is vir die 33 vrae van die ondersoek
instrument. Die ondersoek was gedoen op 'n willekeurige toetsgrootte waar
n=35 wat mag aandui dat die resultate nie bepalend is nie.
Die navorsing toon dat die behoeftes van die besigheid prominensie moet neem
in die belynings inisiatief en dat IT implementering daarop gemik moet wees om
hierdie doelwitte te bereik. Maar, daar is kere waar die inligtingstegnologie se
behoetes die dryfveer vir die besigheidsagenda moet wees om nuwe
geleenthede te ondersoek en om nuwe bekwaamhede te stimuleer.
Ter samevatting, is dit vasgestel dat die aanneemlikheid van die IT organisasie,
die bestuur van die vraag na dienste en die verhouding tussen IT en die
besigheids bestuur sentraal is vir die soeke na 'n verhouding wat volkome in Iyn
is. Daar moet deurlopend deeglik aandag aan hierdie aspekte geskenk word om
te verseker dat IT gebruik word ter ondersteuning van die besigheidstrategie.
6
Guan, Bing. "Homeowners' resistance to local government in Shenzhen /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202007%20GUAN.
Full text
7
Cooper, Ian David. "Parties, factions and votes : a comparative study of electoral politics in post-colonial Namibia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41d3105a-4d05-4604-9944-75b34de64e26.
Full textAbstract:
Since Africa’s ‘second liberation’ from authoritarianism at the beginning of the 1990s, political parties have assumed a critically important role in the processes by which social interests are articulated, institutions are legitimised and conflicts are managed. Many authors question the extent to which these organisations recognise the intrinsic value of free political competition, personal liberty, political accountability and social inclusion, although relatively few studies have attempted a comprehensive exploration of either party or voter behaviour. This research project represents a hypothesis-building case study of Namibia and addresses three areas of concern. First, it builds upon existing party system research to demonstrate that Namibia’s opposition vote is characterised by acute volatility and attributes this phenomenon to weak parties, salient ethnic identities and a permissive electoral system, all of which serve to encourage party fragmentation. Second, it investigates the more proximate causes of party fragmentation and concludes that leadership succession contests tend, in Namibia, to trigger splinter group formation either when factional support has been mobilised around a divisive issue or when defeated contenders are coerced into submission. Third, it explores the nature and drivers of dominant-party motivation, challenging an assumption that ruling elites are primarily interested in gangster-style theft and demonstrating that Namibia’s governing party has pursued, not only a formally legitimate path to wealth accumulation, but also a set of progressive social policies designed to empower its support base. Finally, it argues that Namibia’s opposition parties are not primarily motivated by a desire to secure ministerial office through election or co-optation, as the literature would suggest, but by a determination to capture the salaries, party income and media opportunities associated with parliamentary office. Each of these four arguments is tested through comparative analysis, using secondary literature, of Namibia, South Africa and Botswana.
8
Nambadi, Aaron Haufiku. "The Kavango Legislative Council 1970-1979: a critical analysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4885_1257926790.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Namibia was under South African rule until March 1990. On 11 September 1962, the Odendaal Commission was set up by the State President of South Africa to enquire into the welfare and progress of all the inhabitants of South West Africa, particularly the African people. The Commission was required to make recommendations for the development of the various African people inside and outside their designated areas. The outcome of the Commission was the division of South West Africa into ten designated areas for the various native nations. These areas later became the homelands for the Africans in South West Africa. This thesis was concerned with examining the Kavango Legislative Council, its constitution, its powers, the role of the traditional authorities within the body, and the legislation passed by the Council.</p>
9
Ashipala, Saima Nalimanguluke. "An analysis of corporate governance within the framework of state owned enterprises governance act in Namibia with specific focus on Namwater, Nampower and Transnamib." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21195.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>Recently, and over the last few years, a number of major State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have not been financially sustainable. There have been revelations of increased misappropriations of funds and millions of dollars in dubious investments. The alleged reason for the failure of these SOEs has been the lack of efficient corporate governance.
The objective of this research report was to analyse the challenges and successful aspects faced by SOEs in Namibia with regards to the enforcement of good governance within the SOEs Governance Act No.2 of 2006. The report further aimed to establish whether the SOEs Governance Act provides appropriate mechanisms to ensure good corporate governance within the enterprises and investigate whether the act has been enforced. To attain these objectives, the report presented a review of Namibia’s SOE sectors and SOE Acts. In addition, interviews were conducted with representatives of three SOEs in Namibia, that of TransNamib, NamWater and NamPower.
Namibian SOEs are faced with challenges in terms of maintaining good governance. The SOEs are compelled by state pressure to adopt more goals such as social development and political objectives on top of their profit motive. Thus, by acting in the best interest of state-owned enterprises, various boards may be in conflict with the interests of the government with regards to social and political goals.
Based on the evidence presented in this research report, the study points out five crucial aspects of non-conformance to best practices that can be used as lessons and as a basis from where Namibia can spearhead its corporate governance practices for SOEs within the framework of the State-owned Enterprises Governance (SOEG) Act.
10
Kaune, Jaungura. "The impact of government debt on economic growth: An empirical investigation of Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29741.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the impact of government debt on economic growth in Namibia with annual data spanning from 1980 to 2016. The paper investigates whether public debt spurs on or promotes economic growth. We employ an Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) model that serves as an analysis of the short and long run link between public debt and economic growth. In addition, we explore other possible indicators that are likely to affect economic growth such as government expenditure, inflation, gross fixed capital formation and openness. Our findings are consistent with the existing literature that finds a negative correlation between public debt and economic growth. The results of the long run relationship reveal that public debt has an insignificant negative effect on economic growth in Namibia, however, only government expenditure and openness have a negative effect on economic growth. In the short run, gross fixed capital formation and openness promote economic growth, whereas the effect of public debt on economic growth is negative. Following this set-up, we provide policy recommendations that future debt acquired should be for high priority projects and programs that are well reviewed, self-sustainable and can enhance the productive capacity of Namibia. Moreover, the government should take a firm stand on fiscal consolidation and policies that are pro-growth.
11
Guriras, Christella Waltrudie. "Small business support in Namibia's Erongo region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97402.
Full textAbstract:
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In Namibia the small business sector is seen to play a very important role in the creation of jobs and the growth of the economy. At the same time small enterprises face a wide range of problems, which keep the failure rates of new ventures high and often prevent dynamic business growth.
To address these challenges it is insufficient to have a national strategy for small businesses or to just rely on national government and other national bodies. This is particularly important in a country like Namibia which has a small population, stretched over a vast territory, with huge differences in the resources and development patterns of the various regions.
Against that background this study focuses on a particular area of Namibia, viz the Erongo Region along the coastal belt. It is Namibia’s best developed region after the central Windhoek/Khomes area, with the two towns, Walvis Bay and Swakopmund, the harbor of Walvis Bay, the Uranium mines and tourism being the foundation for business growth.
After reviewing the spectrum of small business support bodies available in Namibia the study looked at a sample of 100 small enterprises in the Erongo area. They were asked about their business engagement, business prospects, main problems experienced and their awareness and utilization of support programmes.
These needs profiles were then compared to the set of actual service suppliers found in the Erongo region. This showed that in practice very few of the problems are addressed, largely due to a lack of awareness, pro-activity and cooperation on both sides: local small enterprises and local support suppliers.
The study ends with a range of proposals which should, if tackled on a partnership basis and in closer cooperation between the head offices in Windhoek and local bodies, lead to a steady improvement of the SME support process.
12
Ruiters, Michele René. "Namibia's long road to independence : the Botha era." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002001.
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This thesis deals with the ten years preceding Namibia's independence in March 1990. It examines the various characters and groups in this process, and how their roles delayed or promoted it. The era of Pieter W. Botha is very significant in that his rule brought many changes to the decision-making process and content of South African foreign policy. This period, 1978 - 1989, marked the formulation of the Total National Strategy in response to the Total Onslaught being waged on South Africa by perceived hostile external forces. Namibia's transition to independence suffered under this military-oriented policy as did the rest of the region. Never before in South Africa's policy-making history had the security sector played such a major role. Regional relations changed subsequent to the policy changes because of the distorted vision the Botha regime had of black-ruled states. Namibia was seen as an important pawn in the Total National Strategy as the last buffer state in Southern Africa protecting South Africa's white minority regime
13
Amadhila, Linda. "A formative intervention for developing Learner Representative Council (LRC) voice and leadership in a newly established school in Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61744.
Full textAbstract:
In Namibian schools, learner voice and leadership are being promoted through the policy document entitled the Education Act 16 of2001 which provides an opportunity to establish Learner Representative Councils (LRCs) in secondary schools. However, recent studies have found that this body of learner leaders do not function all that effectively and sometimes exist for the sake of adhering to the policy. This prompted me to conduct an activity theoretical interventionist case- study within the critical paradigm, to develop LRC voice and leadership in a newly established Namibian school. Framed by Cultural Historical Activity Theory, the study was divided into two phases to answer the over-arching question: How can LRC voice and leadership be developed in a school? Phase one was largely interpretive, the contextual profiling phase, where document analysis, individual interviews, questionnaires and observations were used to generate data to answer the following research sub-questions: How is learner leadership understood in the school? What leadership development opportunities for the LRC currently exist in the school? What underlying factors constrain the development of LRC voice and leadership in the newly established school? Phase two of the study was the expansive learning phase, which consisted of three intervention workshops. The Change Laboratory method and a focus group interview were used to generate data in response to the last research sub-question: In what ways can LRC participation in a Change Laboratory process contribute to their leadership development? Data generated were inductively and deductively analysed, using the activity theoretical principles of contradictions and double stimulation. Data revealed that learner leadership was largely understood as managerial roles carried out by the LRC in the school. Unlike many schools in Namibia, this case-study school offered numerous leadership development opportunities for the LRC. The community networking events such as: School Exchange Programmes, Town Council breakfast and Junior Regional Council, were opportunities offered to the LRC to solicit information, exchange ideas and discuss matters of common interest with the LRCs of the fully established schools. However, there were a number of challenges that constrained LRC voice and leadership development, the major one being the fact that this was a newly established school. Of significance was that LRC participation in the Change Laboratory process contributed positively to the development of voice and leadership in learners. During this Change Laboratory process, the LRC developed a new artefact - the vision and mission statement of the school - this signified that the learners expansively transformed the object of their activity. Recommendations emerging out of the study included that the School Management Team see the ‘newly established’ status of the school as an opportunity for development, rather than a limitation, and therefore invite the LRC to participate in the different leadership practices as the school becomes established. A significant recommendation for school leadership research is to use the third generation of CHAT to expand the unit of analysis, in order to understand the leadership relations and power dynamics between multiple activity systems in schools as complex organisations.
14
Haipa, Vistorina. "Developing leadership and learner voice: a formative intervention in a Learner Representative Council in a Namibian secondary school." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62188.
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Learner participation in leadership in Namibian schools was legislated in 2001 through the Namibian Education Act, No. 16 of2001. This has then become a requirement for all secondary schools to establish a Learner Representative Council (LRC). However, this legislation only gives mandates to schools with grade 8-12. Despite the impetus of having a LRC in secondary schools, learner leadership and voice remains limited, given that we are 26 years into our democracy. This awakened my interest to conduct a study aimed at developing leadership and voice within the LRC in a Namibian secondary school. Additionally, this study was conducted to contribute to filling the gap in literature of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) studies in the field of Education Leadership and Management. In this critical case orientation, the LRC were the subjects and the object of the activity was voice and leadership development within the LRC. I investigated participants’ perspectives on LRC leadership opportunities that existed in the case study school as well as factors that enabled and constrained leadership and voice development within the LRC of Omukumo (pseudonym) Secondary School in the northern part of Namibia. My study adopted a formative intervention design, using qualitative methodologies such as document analysis, observation, interviews, questionnaires and Change Laboratory Workshops. This study was framed by the second generation of CHAT. CHAT in this study was used as a methodological and analytical tool to surface the contradictions. Additionally, data were analysed by means of constructing categories and themes. Five sets of findings emerged: (1) a lack of conceptual awareness of the construct ‘learner leadership’: learner leadership was understood in terms of the LRC, (2) LRC members were not really acknowledged as equal participants in the school decision-making due to unequal power relations between the teachers and the LRC members, (3) misinterpretation of LRC policy that speak about the establishment of learners club and inadequate LRC training hindered the development of voice and leadership within the LRC, (4) the overall leadership role assigned to the LRC was to oversee the adherence of the school rules, and last (5) learner leadership and voice was still developing in the case study school. My key recommendation based on the research findings is the need for on-going LRC training at regional level; a need for large scale comparative studies between two African countries (Namibia, & South Africa) on the topic of learner leadership development and last, a need for workshops to train teachers on the implementation of national policies in schools, in particular those that speak to issues of learner voice and leadership.
15
Amadhila, Nelago Ndapandula Ndanyanyukwa. "Perspectives on China's rise in Namibia: the effects on foreign policy and domestic politics." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002968.
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This thesis analyses the different levels at which China’s presence in Namibia affects Namibia’s domestic politics and foreign policy from a constructivist viewpoint. Constructivist theory is used to examine the different perceptions of the Chinese in Namibia and how these inform Namibian politics and Sino-Namibian relations. These perceptions are formed at different levels of society in formal and informal relations, state-to-state, state-to-business,business-to-business and individual-to-group relations. The way in which perceptions of Chinese involvement in Namibia at the grassroots level of society differ from those at the top increasingly has an effect on domestic Namibian politics and, as such, Sino-Namibian relations. This identifies official and non-official perceptions of China’s political, economic and social presence to determine the effects of grassroots on China vis-à-vis official perceptions in Namibian politics and the effects of grassroots views on Namibian politics and on official views and state behaviour towards China and China’s presence in the country.
16
Shekupakela-Nelulu, Rauna. "An investigation into the role of student participation in school governance : a Namibian perspective." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007449.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of student participation in school governance is not a new concept in Namibian schools. Student involvement dates back to the 1970's when the country's administration was under the South African apartheid regime. Back then the involvement of students in school affairs was seen by the regime as a political act and attempts by student leaders to involve themselves in educational issues were often quashed. When the country became independent student representation continued as Student Representative Councils (SRC's), later renamed Learners Representative Councils (LRCs). This study attempted to investigate the perceptions of LRCs and other stakeholders - narnely the school principals and the school board members - of the role of students in school governance. The study was conducted in three Senior Secondary Schools in the Kavango region in Namibia. The research respondents were school principals, chairpersons of the LRCs and one chairperson of a school board. The study was conducted in the interpretive paradigm employing the following three qualitative research methods interviews, observation and document analysis to collect data. Through triangulation it was possible to formulate a rich response to the research question. The study found that, although the notion of student participation in school governance was widely accepted, a number of challenges exist that hamper the effectiveness of LRCs in the schools. It was revealed that there was no national policy docunlent that outlined the roles and function of the LRCs. As a result schools had little direction about the LRCs and subsequently they were given little or no attention by the school authorities. This resulted in misunderstandings and in some cases conflict between learners and the school management. The most significant consequence of these problems was the fact that LRCs were not regarded as true role players in school governance. The study thus recommends that a national policy document that legitimates the role of students in school governance be drafted to provide direction and that schools embark on meaningful training programmes for LRC members. The study also calls for further research to address the gap in literature on this phenomenon, particularly in Namibia.
17
Meade, Rosemary Raphael. "Analysing collective action : intersections of power, government and resistance." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2018. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/2980/.
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This research takes the form of ten journal articles and book chapters that were published between June 2008 and February 2018. This body of work encompasses outputs that are focused on community development, community arts, youth work and social movement praxis. These fields of praxis are understood as constituting a vital part of a variegated and differentiated Irish civil society and, while acknowledging their specificities, the body of work situates them together within the contested terrain of collective action. The Covering Document elucidates how, across the ten outputs, collective action is theorised: as the site of and target for complex and dynamic power relationships; as imbricated with various governmental projects through which multiple societal actors seek to mobilise citizens; as a potential site of and resource for resistance to particular expressions of government, ideology and power; and as developing alternative social relationships, organisational forms and modes of communication. The boundaries between the state and civil society are imprecise and fluid: civil society and state actors seek to induce desired forms of conduct and relationships from each other. This research exposes and critically interrogates associated power dynamics, overlaps, and contestations, and how they in turn shape expectations of collective action. Drawing together findings from youth work, community development, social movement, and community arts praxis, the research illuminates; how and by whom collective action is rationalised and (de)legitimised; the changing role of the state in governing civil society; and the potential for collective action to prefigure alternative forms of relationships and to resist particular forms of government. Therefore, the body of work analyses how the meanings, forms and purposes of collective action are constantly reworked, just as they give expression to important societal struggles. The Covering Document details the theory, methodology and methods that have underpinned the research. It offers an integrated thematic overview of the ten research outputs, highlighting their coherence, originality, and relevance for a critical analysis of the dynamics of collective action in contemporary Ireland. The research analyses the discourses of collective action as they have been expressed in key policy documents, in newspapers such as the Irish Independent and in the documents of protest of social movement organisations. It highlights and interrogates the political, economic and cultural context for collective action in 21st Century Ireland, paying particular attention to the ways though which the recent regime of austerity has impacted on civil society, the state and on relations between these spheres. The research is critical in orientation, but it draws upon and articulates diverse critical traditions as it analyses the power dynamics associated with collective action. Gramscian style, cultural materialist and Foucauldian governmentality perspectives are variously adopted and adapted within specific outputs. The Covering Document also outlines how and why the body of work troubles the boundaries between community development, community arts, youth work and social movement research and praxis. It calls for an articulated and dialogical theory and practice that challenge the assumed estrangement of these fields. As the Covering Document outlines, the research records how state policy now seeks to govern youth work, community development and community arts organisations through an increasingly intrusive and prescriptive set of policy ordinances, self-reporting techniques, and accountability measures. Against that, it also points to the potential for collective action to re-politicise issues otherwise framed as non-political by policy-makers and media, to build and be based upon reflexive forms of solidarity, and to reclaim the arts and tactics of protest.
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Kalimbo, Tomas. "An activity theoretical investigation into how leadership can be developed within a group of class monitors in a Namibian secondary school." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61734.
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Literature suggests that developing leadership in learners benefits them and their schools in general. Learners are prepared as future leaders and they gain leadership skills and democratic values and principles. Learner leaders therefore contribute to transformation in their schools. However, research on the same topic has also found that learners have limited leadership development opportunities, as they are not authentically and democratically involved in leadership in many schools. Informed by the distributed perspective of leadership, this study investigates how leadership can be developed within a group of class monitors in a Namibian secondary school. Its overarching goal was to develop leadership and build transformative agency within class monitors. The study was designed as an interventionist study, theoretically and analytically framed by Engestrom’s second generation of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). Multiple methods were used for data collection, including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and Change Laboratory workshops. Data analysis took the form of content analysis and coding, as well as using the CHAT lens to surface contradictions. The findings of the study revealed that there was conceptual awareness on what learner leadership and leadership development meant among participants. However, little was being done to develop leadership in class monitors. Traditional leadership practices and cultural belief that learners are mere children, as well as confinement to formal leadership structures and policies were the main hindering inner contradictions within the research school. A formative intervention was instituted through the Change Laboratory workshop process and it resulted in leadership training to capacitate and empower class monitors, as well as enhance their transformative agency. The study thus recommends for a shift from traditional autocratic leadership practices to a contemporary distributed perspective of leadership that recognises the need to develop leadership in learners.
19
Kadhepa-Kandjengo, Selma Ndeyapo. "An exploration of leadership development in a learner representative structure in a secondary school, Oshana Region, Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62450.
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Before independence, Namibia inherited a system of Bantu education which was hierarchical, authoritarian and non-democratic. Upon independence, the educational sector went through numerous reforms which were meant to transform education and to make it more democratic, whereby all stakeholders can broadly participate. In spite of these reforms, leadership of schools has remained a hierarchical system, where a principal who, as an individual, runs the school without recognition of the potential leadership of others. Recent studies on leadership have called for shared leadership, whereby leadership is a practice, permeable to learner leaders and not associated with individuals. This research study aims to explore learner leadership development in the Learner Representative Council (LRC) structure at a secondary school in Namibia. The motivation of this research study was twofold - firstly, my personal interest in learner leadership was aroused by my teaching experience. The second reason was due to my realisation that the area was under-researched in Namibia, hence I wanted to fill the existing gap on learner leadership. The study critically engaged learners and teachers to help me get an understanding of learner leadership and the factors enabling learner leadership development. I also found that challenges which resulted in contradictions, hampered leadership development. The study took an interventionist approach and second generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory was used to surface tensions and contradictions affecting learner leadership development. Change Laboratory workshops enabled the expansive learning process with the 12 LRC members. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, observation, document analysis and journaling. The study found that learner leadership was understood more in terms of traditional views of leadership, whereby a learner needed to possess certain qualities in order to lead. The findings further pointed out that the LRC members were mainly involved in managerial roles and not really leadership roles, as such, and they were not involved in decision-making at the school. Although provision for the LRC body is made in an Educational Act, historical and cultural forces account for teachers’ reluctance to support the LRC members, as well as for silence of learner voice. I hope that findings from this research study strengthen learner leadership structures in schools and contribute to the creation of knowledge on learner leadership in Namibia.
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Tjihuro, Jaqueline. "Leadership development within a learner representative council: a Namibian primary school case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61558.
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Learners in Namibian primary schools are seemingly not brave enough to stand and raise their voice on issues that concern them. This is what Shekupakela-Nelulu (2008) wrote after a study she conducted on the Learners’ Representative Council (LRC) of a school in Namibia. She refers to a time when “the involvement of students in school affairs was seen by the regime as a political act and attempts by student leaders to involve themselves in educational issues were often quashed” (ibid., p. i). This situation will be all too familiar to South African readers, where a public holiday, Youth Day, was declared to mark the apartheid regime’s brutal treatment of learner protestors on June 16, 1976. While Namibia has not experienced events of such magnitude, the notion of learner voice is equally problematic and worthy of investigation. The absence of leadership development opportunities for learners has led to this research study which seeks to answer the central research question: How can learner leadership be developed in a LRC? I used an interpretive paradigm, adopting a qualitative approach in the study. Concurrently, the study was framed and guided by the second generation of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as an analytical tool to achieve my research goal. The following questions guided the study in two phases. Phase one: What were the perceived causes for the nonsustainability of the learner leadership (LL) club at the school? Phase two: How is the notion of learner leadership understood in the school? How is leadership developed on the LRC? What enables and constrains leadership development of learners on the LRC? The research participants were thirty LRC members from grades 6 and 7 and15 teachers who teach the LRC members. The principal and three HOD’s were also research participants being part of the Senior Management team. One of the HOD’s also fulfils the role of the guardian teacher to the LRC. A school board chairperson also participated in the Change Laboratory Workshop. Data was generated through multiple data sources such as questionnaires, individual interviews, a focus group interview and observation. The findings from phase one of the study revealed that the learner leadership club’s intervention was a success during the 2014 academic year, but the absence of the learner leadership club as an extra-mural activity affected the sustainability of the club into the next academic year 2015. Findings from phase two revealed that leadership opportunities did exist at the school for learner leadership development. However, a few challenges emerged relating to traditional views of leadership and constraining factors that could affect learner leadership development at the school. Thus, Change Laboratory workshops were held to find solutions to the challenges, in order to promote and enhance learner leadership development, hopefully for the future of the Namibian child.
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Nghidinwa, Andrew Ndeutalanawa. "Public service reform in Namibia a case study of cadre appointments in the central government /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04012009-232641/.
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Shifidi, Set-Son Kondjashili. "Evaluation of corporate governance in state-owned enterprises in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96198.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>Corporate Governance in Namibia is such a serious challenge, especially in the public sector. The public sector consists of government entities including state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Namibian SOEs are prevalent in the important infrastructural sectors of energy, water, transport, telecommunication, finance, etc., and their performance is of great importance to the entire population, local businesses as well as to foreign investors.
The fundamental aim of this study was to evaluate the level of corporate governance in the Namibian SOEs using the adopted Evaluation Matrix that was developed by the Centre for Corporate Governance in Africa of the University of Stellenbosch Business School. This matrix was developed based on King II and King III principles of good corporate governance. Namibian SOEs are governed by the State-owned Enterprises Governance Council (SOEGC), which prescribes the King Code of Governance of South Africa (King Code) as the guidance of governance to Namibian SOEs.
The research study employed the data collection method of using secondary data from the companies’ public documents, in this case the annual reports. According to King III, the annual report or integrated report as it is now ideally called is supposed to contain all the company’s governance issues that promote sustainability, accountability and disclosure within the company. Companies that did not disclose information scored poorly in disclosure and transparency. From this research, it has been observed that Namibian SOEs need to improve on disclosure. There are, however, a few companies, such as Namibia Ports Authority (Namport) that are doing relatively well and are close to having an annual report which is almost an integrated report.
The study’s focus was also on boards’ sustainability aspects of good corporate governance. These aspects are: racial and gender diversity of boards, attendance at board meetings, and the presence of relevant board committees. On this subject, it was observed that Namibia’s SOEs are relatively on par with both South Africa’s SOEs and private sector, when compared to results of similar research studies in that country.
The success of this research also proved that this Evaluation Matrix as developed can be adopted for use on corporate governance in Namibian companies.
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Visagie, Raymond Collen. "Enhancing Namibian ports competitive position through port reform." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96514.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>Namibian ports are state-owned and have fallen behind in terms of port reform The ports are increasingly pressurised by port users and even more so by shipping lines for infrastructure investment and technological advancement without any guarantee of return on investments. Increased competition amongst ports as well as a shift in the balance of power to port users, demands of Namibia to review its port governance and ownership structure to ensure that the country remains responsive to the changing global marketplace contribute to these pressures.
This study deals with the complexities associated with port reform and port competition. The paper presents a synthesis of literature on port governance models and port reform. In addition, this paper also presents an analysis of the port choice decisions made by port users and reviewed port reform case studies of two African ports.
Drawing from the lessons in case studies, it is clear that various options of port reform have emerged over the years, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The study further shows similarities in the objectives of port users when choosing a port but applying different strategies to achieve their objectives.
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Kodisang, J. M. "The reintegration of Walvis Bay and its Penguin/Off-shore Island into Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003000.
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The thesis focuses upon the final reintegration of Walvis Bay and its twelve Penguin/Off-Shore Islands into Namibia. As Namibia's only deep water port, it escaped reintegration in 1989 when the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 435 (1978) was implemented. Hence the study argues that the exclusion of Walvis Bay from the Settlement Plan falls outside the parameters of various UNSC and UN General Assembly Resolutions, viz 385 and 432 of 1976 respectively. Such an arrangement has to be looked at as Pretoria's non-compliance with the above resolutions. South Africa got away with such an arrangement with the blessing of the Western Contact Group of Nations, i.e the United States; Britain; (former West) Germany; France and Canada. The argument advances further to capture the sudden emergence of Walvis Bay as a dispute between the National Party regime and the African National Congress (ANC) in particular. The dispute came about when the National Party submitted a controversial constitutional proposal during South Africa's transition to democracy at Kempton Park. They were proposing Walvis Bay to constitute part of the new Western Cape province in the postapartheid South Africa. Namibia's diplomacy paid off when the return of Walvis Bay was agreed upon as it became entangled in the constitutional talks for South Africa's transition to democracy at Kempton Park in 1993-1994.
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Shin, Won Ha. "Christian ethical responsibility in resisting evil in government." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Kandumba, Marina. "Exploring education policy transformation in Namibia in terms of democratic change." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50349.
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Thesis (MEd) -- Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the major features of educational transformation in Namibia revolves around
the democratisation of education. However, despite various endeavours by the
government to transform the education system in an effort to provide quality
education, there remain many challenges to the delivery of urgently needed quality
education. This thesis seeks to explore how democratic education can possibly
contribute towards eliminating identified challenges. My contention is that the
promulgation of the education policy document "Toward Education for All" of 1993
was meant to bring about changes in the Namibian education system. However, the
promulgation of this policy does not imply the effective implementation thereof.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die belangrikste kenmerke van onderwystransformasie in Namibie is die
demokratisering van die onderwys. Ten spyte van verskeie pogings deur die regering
om die onderwysstelsel te transformeer in 'n poging om gehalteonderwys te verseker,
is daar steeds baie uitdagings met betrekking tot die lewering van dringend nodige
gehalteonderwys. Hierdie tesis ondersoek hoe demokratiese onderwys moontlik
daartoe kan bydra om die uitdagings soos gerdentifiseer die hoof te bied. Die skrywer
is daarvan oortuig dat daar met die bekendmaking van die onderwysbeleidsdokument,
Toward Education for All (1993), bedoel word om veranderinge in die Namibiese
onderwysstelsel teweeg te bring. Die openbaarmaking van hierdie beleid impliseer
egter nie die effektiewe implementering daarvan nie.
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Shiningavamwe, Andreas Ndafudifwa. "Drug mutation patterns and risk factors associated with patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen in Oshikoto and Oshana regions, Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4997.
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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>HIV/AIDS is a major health problem in Namibia with HIV prevalence estimated at 18.2% among pregnant women. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in the public sector in 2003 and ART roll out was expanded throughout the country in the subsequent years. There are 221 ART sites in Namibia which include 34 district hospitals and 187 outreach service points. Currently there are 127,486 patients registered on ART in Namibia. However, there have been cases of patients experiencing treatment failure. The treatment failure can give rise to the emergence of HIV drug resistance. Genotyping information from patients with treatment failure can be valuable for tracking the dominant mutations conferring HIV drug resistance. However, HIV genotyping is not routinely available in Namibia due to cost. It is essential to determine the risk factors associated with development of HIV drug resistance so that these factors can be addressed. The aim of the current study was to describe HIV drug resistance mutations and the risk factors associated with HIV drug resistance among patients failing first- line ART regimen in Oshikoto and Oshana regions in Namibia. The case-control study design was used to collect data from cases who were being suspected of treatment failure to the first–line regimen in Oshikoto and Oshana regions in Namibia. The demographic, clinical and genotype information was collected from patient records. Out of 168 cases, 97 cases were eligible for this study and were matched with 105 controls. The mean age was 44.8 (±13.2) years for controls and 43.3 (±13.3) years for cases. Cases from Oshana and Oshikoto regions harboured 63% and 71% respectively for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors mutations with the dominant mutation being M184V/I. Sixty-eight percent (68%) and 76% respectively harboured mutations for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with dominant mutation being K103N. Missed appointments, initiating inappropriate first-line regimen and adverse events or side effects were identified as risk factors for virological failure with odd ratios (OR) of 21.58 (95% CI 6.50 -71.59); 11.70 (95% CI 1.69 - 80.99) and 7.17 (95% CI 1.89 -27.22) respectively. Patients failing the first-line regimen need to be genotyped to assess the development of HIV drug resistance. The patients initiating ART should be educated on impacts of missing clinical appointments and adverse events of the drugs in order to prevent the emergence of drug resistance.
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Meade, Phillip L. "Civil disobedience as a pro-life tactic a consensus approach to its justification and parameters as drawn from three contemporary evangelical thinkers /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Uushona, Andreas Bishi. "Learners' participation in leadership: a case study in a secondary school in Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001749.
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Learner leadership is a worldwide issue in educational leadership and management. In preindependent Namibia secondary schools had the prefect system and the SRCs as learner leadership bodies which had little influence on schools’ decisions because they lacked credibility. In 2001 the Learners’ Representative Council (LRC) was legitimized as a learner leadership body in secondary schools through the Education Act 16 of 2001. However, recent research suggests that even these bodies are not functioning effectively for a variety of reasons. This prompted me to undertake research to develop an understanding of learners’ participation in leadership in a senior secondary school in Namibia. I used a qualitative case study, in an interpretive paradigm, in an attempt to achieve my research goal. The following questions guided the study: How is leadership understood by members of the organization? How learner leadership is understood? How are learners involved in leadership in the school? What potential exists for increased learners’ participation? What factors inhibit learners’ participation in leadership in the school? A population comprising of the school board chairperson, the principal, three heads of department, the superintendent, three teachers and five learners was composed from a senior secondary school in Namibia. Data were collected through focus groups, interviews, document analysis and observation and analyzed thematically for reflective discussion. The findings revealed that the LRC is functioning but providing little opportunity for learner leadership development. The most significant challenge relates to traditional and outdated views of leadership on the parts of teachers and education managers. Hence, in addition to a number of practical recommendations, the study recommends a change of mindset towards children so that opportunities are provided to contribute to their growth and development.
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Nashidengo, Diina Vayukifa. "Namibia's SME business-plan programme : a critical analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/22003.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Goverment of the Republic of Namibia soon after independence, recognised its
cardinal national responsibility to change the orientation of the nation's economy from
one of exporting raw materials and importing final-use products to in-country production
of goods based on the country's resource endowment. One productive sector for which
explicit and far-reaching guiding policies, strategies and programmes have been
developed and instituted from the beginning is the promotion of highly competitive
industries with special emphasis on SMEs as a major pathway to progressive and
sustainable industrialisation and employment and the simultaneous development of
entrepreneurial culture.
In recognition of the critical role the SMEs can play in the socia-economic development
and economic diversification of the country, the Government of Namibia through its
Ministry of Trade and Industry has put in place policies and programmes, specifically for
the development of SMEs. To this end, the Ministry of Trade and Industry realised that
the lack of bankable business plans limited entrepreneurs' access to finance and this
posed the biggest challenges to the growth of the SME sector in the country. This has
been conceived as a daunting factor and stems from the reality that entrepreneurs
cannot provide bankable business plans to back up their applications.
Given the prevailing condition, the Government of Namibia initiated the MSME Feasibility
Studies and Business Plan Support programme ~ specifically geared to assist the SME
sector with bankable business plans in order to induce financial institutions to provide
loans to entrepreneurs with viable project ideas and prospects for success. The
objective of the study is to explore the extent to which this support programme has
facilitated the access to finance by SMEs and the creation of sustainable businesses.
The findings of the study have established that worldwide some of the developed and
developing countries initiated and implemented similar govemmental programmes in the
form of subsidies to the services rendered by third parties to SMEs in business-plan
formulations and related advisory services.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kort na onafhanklikheid het die regering van Namibia besef dat die landsekonomie
minder afhanklik moet word van grondstof-uitvoere en die invoer van vervaardigde
goedere, met groter klem op die verwerking van plaaslik vervaardigde grondstowwe. In
die verband is kleinsake as 'n belangrike ontwikkelingsinstrument beskou en 'n vername
skepper van nuwe werksgeleenthede, wat juis in die uitvoer-georienteerde landbou- en
mynbou-sektors aan die kwyn is.
Om hierdie herorientasie van die ekonomie te bevorder het die Ministerie van Handel en
Nywerheid verskeie programme ontwikkel, veral vir die bevordering van kleinsake. In
die verband is die probleem van bankfinansiering as 'n besondere knelpunt beskou , met
die gebrek aan omvattende sakeplanne vir finansierbare projekte gesien as
kemprobleem.
Met die oogmerk het die Ministerie die "SME Feasibility Studies and Business Plan
Support programme" ontwikkel, ten einde finansiele instellings te motiveer om meer
geredelik finansiering te verskaf.
Hierdie studie ontleed die bestaande program, sy agtergrond, ontwikkeling en probleme
asook die baie beperkte sukses wat tot sover bereik is. Vergelykings met programme in
ander lande suggereer dat verreikende aanpassings nodig is om die program meer
betekenisvol en suksesvol te maak
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Kangas, Lari. "Namibian democracy : consolidated? /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/210.
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Indongo, Irja Nelago Kandiwapa. "Contraceptive use among young women in Namibia determinants and policy implications /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01252008-110751.
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Chartrand, Vicki. "Prisoner subjectivity: Exploring forms of self-government and everyday acts of resistance." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26326.
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Through a qualitative approach of seven life-sentenced prisoner interviews, I explore prisoner practices, relations, and perceptions to gain a certain insight into how the prisoners manage themselves and their sentence. The research findings reveal that, through self-forming activities and practices, prisoners self-govern their conduct in an attempt to maintain an autonomous sense of self while attempting to improve their chances for release.
I conclude that a Foucauldian analysis of subjectivity is a useful tool to investigate the prison as it reveals how prisoners continually negotiate their concept of 'self' between the goals of the prison and with their own ways of 'doing' and 'being'. Despite its controlling nature, prisoners subtly resist individualizing forms of power that seek to submit them towards conformity. Such an approach opens a space for prisoner agency to emerge and directs our attention towards those forming activities of the prison that fail to correspond with the lived realities of the prisoner and their concept of 'self'. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Helao, Tuhafeni. "The role of regional councillors in consultation and communication regarding rural service delivery in the Oshana region of Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study examined the role of regional councilors in consultation and communication regarding rural service delivery in Namibia, with specific reference to the Oshana region. The research includes a case study that assessed the degree and the extent to which consultation and communication takes place between regional councilors and community members at constituency level in the region. It also examined the inevitability of consultation and communication concerning basic services provision such as water and electricity in the Oshana region.
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Engelbrecht, Fredrika. "The antimicrobial susceptibility and gene-based resistance of Streptococcus Agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) in pregnant women in Windhoek (Khomas region), Namibia." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2238.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.<br>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Group B Streptococci (GBS) can asymptomatically colonise the vagina and rectum of women. Studies have shown that this bacterium is the leading cause of septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia in neonates. In Namibia no known studies have investigated GBS colonisation and the antibiotic resistance profile of GBS isolates in pregnant women. This study accessed the GBS colonisation rate amongst the pregnant women who attended the Windhoek Central Hospital Antenatal Clinic (Khomas region), in Namibia for a period of 13 months. Furthermore, using the VITEK 2 system, the GBS isolates were tested against the following antimicrobial substances; benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, vancomycin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, linezolid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Penicillin G is the drug of choice in the majority of studies, and seems to be the most effective drug for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). All the GBS isolates found in this study were also analysed for the presence of selected genes known to be associated with resistance to key antibiotics using specific primers within a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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Bartley, David D. "John Witherspoon and the right of resistance." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720155.
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This study investigated one central aspect of the political views of John Withexspoon: His steadfast belief in the right of resistance. A product of the Reformation and Enlightenment movements, this doctrine offered justification for questioning the authority of magistrates acting contrary to their sovereignty: it further compelled disobedience to unjust laws and the removal of unjust officials to protect the instituted social order. The context of post-Union Scottish society provided a distinct setting for Witherspoon's introduction to resistance theory. As a devout Scottish Presbyterian and a learned Enlightenment scholar, Withexspoon commanded a thorough understanding of this civil-religious right and duty to protect society.Through his education at Edinburgh University, Witherspoon became acquainted with the substance of Scottish Enlightenment philosophy. Edinburgh instructors utilized the writings of Commonwealth theorists and the classical writers to construct their views of society and social obligation: Society was a constituted civil order, restrained by law, preserved by the efforts of every individual citizen. Witherspoon's Scottish ecclesiastical heritage served to vindicate his Enlightenment education by echoing a similar view of restraint and balance.Covenant Pianism, the product of the 16th-Century reformer John Knox and the Westminster Assembly of the 1640s, invoked the supremacy of a sovereign God over all instituted states. In the Scotsman's view, human depravity and selfish ambition would destroy government if not for the diligent vigil of involved, virtuous citizens. Members of society were thus obliged to oppose tyranny -the unjust, illegitimate exercise of civil-religious authority. Hence, both academic enterprise and doctrinal conviction provided Witherspoon a firm theoretical foundation to support the right of resistance.As President of Princeton during the Anglo-American crisis of the 1770s, Witherspoon directed the education of many future leaders of the new American nation. He was certainly not an idealistic crusader nor a reluctant follower, but consistently argued for the right of American colonists to resist the tyranny of England's Parliament. An early supporter of independence, Witherspoon was the only clergyman to sign Jefferson's Declaration. His most significant contributions, though, were made as a committee member in the Second Continental Congress.<br>Department of History
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Nambala, Iyaloo. "The implementation of language policy in government primary schools in Windhoek, Namibia with specific reference to Grades 1-3." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3651.
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Ramirez, Sanchez Martha Areli. "'We are all Government' : Zapatista political community : contexts, challenges, and prospects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/we-are-all-government-zapatista-political-community-contexts-challenges-and-prospects(09ce3d64-e2ab-48b1-92b2-2c1d4e94b1fb).html.
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This thesis demonstrates how, through diverse daily life practices, a Zapatista community, referred to here as La Humanidad, creates a model of autonomy in the Mexican State of Chiapas. Based on ethnographic information, this study explores the meanings that this community attributes to practices and notions such as Autonomy, Resistance, Memory, good government and bad government. I contend that these practices represent an attempt to confront and resist the neoliberal model of Good Governance and consequently reconstruct the social fabric, revive communitarian practices, and develop models of self-sufficiency in regard to economics, health and education. Although La Humanidad constitutes just one case study, it highlights little known aspects of what is meant by grassroots participation in regard to this particular Zapatista community, allowing us to gain deeper insight into how indigenous campesino autonomy has been constructed following the Zapatista Uprising. Furthermore, through multi-sited fieldwork, I demonstrate the variety of organisational experiences of The Good Government Council among the five different Zapatista Caracoles: Oventic, La Garrucha, Morelia, Roberto Barrios, and La Realidad. In order to contrast these Caracoles with official forms of government organization, this study also addresses aspects of the constitutional government in the Municipality of San Andres Larrainzar.
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Von, den Steinen Lynda. "Soldiers in the struggle : aspects of the experiences of Umkhonto we Siswe's rank and file soldiers - the Soweto generation and after." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26207.
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Haufiku, Anneli Ndapandula. "Teachers’ experiences and practices of support for school-going teenage mothers in Namibia." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86504.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The exclusion of girls who fall pregnant while attending school has long been a contentious issue in the literature as it normally ends their schooling. Namibian school-going girls who become pregnant while attending school are no longer excluded from continuing with their education, as new policies in education prevent such exclusion. This qualitative research explores teachers’ experiences of and support practices for school-going teenage mothers in Namibian secondary schools, given this policy context of inclusion. The study was framed within Bronfenbrenners’ bio-ecological system theory focusing on teachers’ interactions with teenage mothers.
Eight participants were selected purposively from two secondary schools in the Oshikoto region, Namibia, provided that they were secondary-school teachers and had taught teenage mothers in the past three years. Data were collected in the form of semi-structured focus groups, follow-up individual interviews and field notes. Each focus group was represented by four teachers from the same school, two males and two females. Qualitative content analysis was used as a method of data analysis. The themes that emerged included the following: teachers’ responses to the inclusion of teenage mothers in schools, unpacking teachers’ perceptions on the policy of inclusion of teenage mothers, and support practices. The results revealed that there was a lack of resources and teachers’ felt burdened, not only in the classroom but generally in the school. Teachers, nevertheless, did have empathy for mothers as learners. They also felt both satisfied and dissatisfied, often blaming the inclusion policy for their difficulties in managing classroom dilemmas when teenage mothers were present. They displayed conditional caring and raised concerns about gender and care, as well as expressing a need for comprehensive information. The key finding was that teachers made a distinction between pregnant and parenting learners when thinking of support. The physical appearance of a pregnant learner played a role. Therefore teachers cared for a pregnant learner because they feared that something might happen to the pregnant learner while in their care in the classroom. This resulted in teachers seemingly providing “strategic caring” based on the condition of the pregnant learner. From the findings, it is recommended that pre-service and in-service training of teachers should pay attention to the practise of inclusion of teenage mothers in schools.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uitsluiting van meisies wat tydens hul skoolloopbaan swanger word, is lank reeds in die literatuur ʼn netelige saak aangesien dit gewoonlik die einde van hul skoolloopbaan beteken. Namibiese skoolmeisies wat swanger word terwyl hulle nog skool bywoon, word nie meer verbied om hul skoolloopbaan voort te sit nie aangesien nuwe onderwysbeleide sodanige uitsluiting voorkom. Hierdie kwalitatiewe navorsing ondersoek onderwysers se ervaring van en die ondersteuningspraktyke vir skoolgaande tienermoeders in sekondêre skole in Namibië gesien uit die hoek van ʼn beleid van inklusie. Die studie val binne die raamwerk van Bronfenbrenner se bio-ekologiese sistemiese teorie en fokus op onderwysers se interaksie met tienermoeders.
Agt deelnemers is deur middel van doelgerigte steekproefneming uit twee sekondêre skole in die Oshikoto-gebied in Namibië gekies met die voorbehoud dat hulle aan ʼn sekondêre skool onderwys gegee het en in die voorafgaande drie jaar tienermoeders onderrig het. Data oor onderwysers se ervarings is versamel deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde fokusgroepe, opgevolg deur individuele onderhoude en veldnotas. Elke fokusgroep is verteenwoordig deur vier onderwysers van dieselfde skool waarvan twee manlik en twee vroulik was. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsanalise is gebruik as metode om data te analiseer. Die temas wat te voorskyn gekom het, sluit in: onderwysers se reaksie ten opsigte van die insluiting van tienermoeders in skole, hul opvattings oor die beleid van inklusiwiteit van tienermoeders asook ondersteuningspraktyke. Die resultate het openbaar dat daar ʼn tekort aan hulpmiddels was, dat onderwysers gevoel het dat ʼn las op hulle geplaas is, nie net in die klaskamer nie, maar ook in die algemene skoolopset en ook dat onderwysers empatie getoon het teenoor leerders wat moeders was. Hulle het terselfdertyd tevrede en ontevrede gevoel en het dikwels die inklusiwiteitsbeleid blameer vir die probleme wat hulle ondervind het om dilemmas in die klaskamer te hanteer waar tienermoeders teenwoordig was. Hulle het voorwaardelike sorg aan die dag gelê, besorgdheid oor geslag en versorging uitgespreek en het ʼn behoefte aan omvattende inligting gehad. Die belangrikste bevinding was dat onderwyses ʼn onderskeid getref het tussen swanger leerders en leerders wat reeds ouers was wanneer ondersteuning ter sprake gekom het. Die fisieke voorkoms van ʼn swanger leerder het ʼn invloed gehad. Daarom het bevindings veronderstel dat onderwysers besorgd was oor ʼn swanger leerder wat in hul klaskamer was omdat hulle bang was dat iets met die swanger leerder kon gebeur terwyl sy in hul sorg in die klaskamer was. Dit het tot gevolg gehad dat onderwysers selfgerigte of strategiese sorg verleen het op grond van die toestand van die leerder. Na aanleiding van die bevindings word aanbeveel dat voordiens- en indiensopleiding van onderwysers aandag moet skenk aan die praktyk van inklusiwiteit van tienermoeders in skole.
41
Gay, Bruce Conover. "House church registration in the Peoples Republic of China a biblical analysis of options /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Andreas, Aili. "The effectiveness of financial decentralisation in Namibia: a case study of Oshana Regional Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95656.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>This study on the effective implementation of financial decentralisation in Namibia has explored how effective the development budget is utilised to address development challenges in Oshana Region. Namibia is faced with different development challenges of unemployment and unequal distribution of income, amongst other issues, and the government has introduced some initiatives to address these challenges. The implementation of the Enabling Decentralisation Policy (Decentralisation Act of 2000), which aims to transfer power, functions and resources to the regional government, can be regarded as a guideline to the effective utilisation of the development budget in Namibia.
A qualitative methodology was used to explore the effectiveness of the development budget, since the findings of the research depended on the response of the participants. Financial decentralisation is a new concept in many countries, including Namibia. Purposive sampling was employed and the employees working with the development budget, especially those from the National Planning Commission at the Development Budget Sub-Division, Ministry of Regional, Local Government and Rural Development and the Oshana Regional Council – the custodians of the development budget - were the main sources to provide the required data.
The results of the study indicate that there is a lack of proper monitoring mechanisms for the utilisation of development funds at both regional and central government level. Stakeholders from central and regional government do not have data and information of the total amount allocated and executed in Oshana region. The development budget in Namibia, despite the Decentralisation Policy, is highly centralised and institutions are working in isolation, which makes it challenging for the Regional Council of Oshana to effectively monitor utilisation of resources.
Lack of capacity and highly complex institutional arrangements are perceived as the main possible challenges impeding the effective implementation of financial decentralisation and utilisation of the development budget in Oshana Region. It is recommended that Government address the challenges identified in this study.
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Rahma, Awalia. "Sufi order and resistance movement : the Sans̄ưiyya of Libya, 1911-1932." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30206.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of the Sanusiyya order, in which particular emphasis is placed on its role as a resistance movement. Based on a survey of the social, economic, religious and political activities of this sufi brotherhood and its involvement in the tribal system of the North Africa during the first three decades of this century, an attempt will be made to identify on the one hand the factors that contributed to the strength of its resistance to Italian invasion, and on the other, the elements that led to its failure. It is argued that its initial success in the resistance benefited from the network of the zawiyas where ikhwan from different tribes were integrated socially and economically in accordance with strong Islamic values. However, lack of military training and weapons, dependency on a prominent figure, competing ambitions within the Sanusi family and geographical distance ultimately weakened the resistance.
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Shanyanana, Rachel Ndinelao. "Education for democratic citizenship and cosmopolitanism : the case of the Republic of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6725.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis analyses some of the major education policies in Namibia since
the introduction of a democratic government in 1990. The analysis reveals
that democratic participation through stakeholder representatives is an ideal
framework to promote democracy in education discourses, that is, in policy
formation, school governance and teaching and learning. However, there is a
dilemma of a lack of inclusion, which is incommensurable with modern
democratic theorists’ conceptions of democratic citizenship (both Western
deliberation and African ubuntu). The thesis asserts that Namibia’s historical
and cultural background has to be taken into consideration if a defensible
democratic citizenship education is to be engendered and advanced.
An examination and interpretation of the three phases of Namibia’s historical
background, its pre-colonial, colonial/apartheid and post-apartheid education
systems, were carried out in order to understand the current state of
education and the type of citizens the country is developing through its
education system. Central to this investigation were different conceptions of
democratic citizenship, which indicate that deliberation, inclusion, equality,
reasonableness, publicity, belligerence, hospitality, compassion and African
humanness (ubuntu) are the features of a defensible democratic citizenship
education. The exploration of the distinction between deliberation and ubuntu
shows that Namibia’s context requires a minimal democratic citizenship
framework with ubuntu if a lack of inclusion is to be eliminated.
The discussion on democratic conceptions also draws on a minimalist and
maximalist continuum of democratic citizenship education. The thesis argues
that a minimalist form of democratic citizenship education, in conjunction with
African ubuntu – which constitutes less deliberation and non-belligerence with
more compassion, careful listening, respect and dignity – engenders conditions for an inclusive policy framework, school governance, and the
cultivation of democratic citizenry through teaching and learning in Namibian
public schools, and may eventually promote a defensible democratic
citizenship education. This framework may create a favourable environment
and potential for all participants to co-exist, and for the marginalised groups to
also contribute to conversations. This framework is also considered plausible
because it takes into account the local people’s historical background and
cultural practices.
Complementing the argument of this thesis is the exploration of the link
between Namibia’s education system, the New Partnership for Africa’s
Development (NEPAD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Moreover, an appeal is made for the Namibian citizenship education system
to consolidate the idea of cosmopolitanism, that is; hospitality and
forgiveness, if the NEPAD initiative is to be successful and if certain
Millennium Development Goals were to be achieved by 2015.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ontleed sommige van die hoof onderwysbeleide in Namibia
sedert die instelling van ‘n demokratiese regering in 1990. Die ontleding
onthul dat demokratiese deelname deur rolspelerverteenwoordigers is ‘n
ideale raamwerk om demokrasie in onderwysdiskoerse te bevorder, dit is, in
beleidmaking, skoolbeheer asook onderrig en leer. Nietemin, daar is ʼn
dilemma van ‘n gebrek aan inklusiwiteit, wat nie vergelykbaar is met moderne
demokratiese teoretici se konsepsies van demokratiese burgerskap (beide
Westerse beraadslaging en Afrika ubuntu) nie. Die tesis voer aan dat
Namibië se historiese en kulturele agtergrond verreken moes wees, indien ʼn
verdedigbare demokratiese burgerskap voortgebring en ondersteun sou word.
ʼn Ondersoek en interpretasie van die drie fases van Namibië se historiese
agtergrond, haar pre-koloniale, koloniale/apartheid en post-apartheid
onderwysstelsels, was uitgevoer om te verstaan wat die huidige stand van
onderwys en die soort burgers is wat die land daardeur voorberei. Sentraal
tot hierdie ondersoek was verskillende konsepsies van demokratiese
burgerskap, wat aandui dat beraadslaging, inklusiwiteit, gelykheid,
redelikheid, openbaarheid, strydlustige interaksie, gasvryheid, meelewing en
Afrika-menslikheid (ubuntu) die eienskappe van ‘n verdedigbare demokratiese
burgerskaponderwys is. Die ondersoek van die onderskeid tussen
beraadslaging en ubuntu toon dat die Namibiese konteks, indien ‘n gebrek
aan inklusiwiteit geëlimineer moet word, ‘n minimale demokratiese
burgerskapsraamwerk met ubuntu benodig.
Die bespreking van demokratiese konsepsies is ook gebed in ʼn minimalistiese
en maksimalistiese kontinuum van demokratiese burgerskaponderwys. Die
tesis argumenteer dat ‘n minimalistiese vorm van demokratiese
burgerskaponderwys in samehang met Afrika ubuntu – wat minder
beraadslaging en nie-strydlustige interaksie met meer meelewing, versigtige luister, respek en waardigheid veronderstel – toestande vir ‘n inklusiewe
beleidsraamwerk, skoolbeheer en die kweek van demokratiese burgerskap
deur onderrig en leer in Namibiese publieke skole bevorder en mag so
uiteindelik ‘n verdedigbare demokratiese burgerskaponderwys bevorder.
Hierdie raamwerk mag ‘n gunstige omgewing en die potensiaal vir alle
deelnemers om met mekaar saam te leef asook vir gemarginaliseerse groepe
om tot gesprekke by te dra, skep. Hierdie raamwerk kan ook as aanneemlik
beskou word, omdat dit die plaaslike mense se historiese agtergrond en
kulturele praktyke verreken.
Die argument van hierdie tesis word ondersteun deur die ondersoek van die
verband tussen die Namibiese onderwysstelsel, die ‘New Partnership for
Africa’s Development’ (NEPAD) en die Millennium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte.
Meer nog, ‘n beroep word gemaak vir die Namibiese burgerskap
onderwysstelsel om die idee van wêreldburgerskap, dit is, gasvryheid en
vergifnis te konsolideer, indien die NEPAD-inisiatief suksesvol en sekere
Millenium Ontwikkelingsdoelstellings teen 2015 bereik wil word.
45
Ramothibe, J. C. (Joseph Colin). "The demographic and socio-economic impact of HIV/Aids on the Khomas region and the implications for the Windhoek local authority." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50131.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges faced by many countries in this century. The rate
of infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from
AIDS. Of all the people living with AIDS in the world, seven out of ten live in Sub-Saharan
Africa. Namibia is one of the top five most HIV/AIDS affected countries in the world. There
is therefore no question about the urgent need to accelerate actions to reduce prevalence,
expand care and support and extend access to treatment. AIDS is eroding decades of progress
made in extending life expectancy; thus hundreds of adults are dying young or in early middle
age. The national strategic plan (2004) on HIV/AIDS indicated that the average life
expectancy in Namibia is now 42 years, when it could have been 60 without AIDS.
A 2003 study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on Windhoek indicated that the antenatal
HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Windhoek for 2002 was 27%, while the national prevalence rate
was estimated at 22.3%. The prevalence rate for Windhoek is expected to reach its peak at
38% during 2005.
Even though HIV/AIDS will have a diminishing effect on population growth, Windhoek's
population is expected to continue growing, particular as a result of inward migration, but at a
slower pace.
Similarly, HIV/AIDS will have an abating effect on GDP growth as the virus will mainly
affect the economic active and available labour force of the population and result in increased
labour costs and skilled labour shortages.
The impact on the informal sector is potentially more damaging than on the formal economic
sector, as the majority of micro- enterprises and informal businesses are build around one
individual. As the breadwinner dies, household income and expenditures levels deteriorate
and increase poverty levels, because households within the city are very dependent on family
structures to support their income levels. Informal settlements are also more volatile to HIV
transmission and the majority of HIV infected individuals are likely to be found within these
areas as the populations is poorer, crowded, has fewer social services facilities and is more
likely migratory compared to those in affluent formal settlements. Considering that the incubation period of HIV/AIDS from infection to death takes about ten
years, the real impact of current HIV infections in Windhoek will only be experienced during
2010. Health services will have to attend to a greater demand for curative services as well as
to social care and support programs. Social welfare programmes will need to find ways of
caring for a large population of HIV/AIDS orphans.
Municipalities can playa critically important role in addressing HIV/AIDS at a local level as
they are at the interface of community and government. They are ideally placed to playa coordinating
and facilitating role that is needed to make sure that partnerships are built to bring
prevention and care programmes to every community affected by AIDS. Therefore, in order
to succeed in confronting HIV/AIDS, it is important to work closely with all levels of
government as well as working with local partners in civil society that are fighting HIV/AIDS
at the community level.
By taking action against HIV/AIDS, municipalities are securing the future of their towns and
communities.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is een van die grootste uitdagings wat baie lande hierdie eeu in die gesig staar. Die
koers van infeksie is vinnig aan die toeneem en al hoe meer mense word siek en sterf as
gevolg van VIGS. Van al die mense wat met VIGS lewe in die wêreld, bly sewe uit tien in
sub-Sahara Afrika. Namibië is een van die vyf mees MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde lande in die
wêreld. Derhalwe is daar geen twyfel rakende die noodsaaklikheid om daadwerklike aksies te
bewerkstellig om die voorkoms te verminder, sorg en ondersteuning te verhoog en toegang na
behandeling uit te brei. VIGS vernietig dekades van groei behaal in die verlenging van
lewensverwagting; dus sterf honderde volwassenes vroeg of gedurende hul middeljare. Die
nasionale strategiese plan (2004) rakende MIV/VIGS toon dat die gemiddelde
lewensverwagting in Namibië huidiglik 42 jaar is instede van 60 sonder VIGS.
'n Studie onderneem gedurende 2003, rakende die effek van MIV/VIGS in Windhoek, dui aan
dat die voorgeboorte MIV/VIGS voorkoms koers 27% vir 2002 was, terwyl die nasionale
voorkoms koers slegs 22.3% was. Daar word verwag dat die voorkoms koers vir Windhoek sy
maksimum van 38% sal bereik gedurende 2005.
Alhoewel MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe effek op bevolkingsgroei groei gaan het, sal Windhoek se
inwoners getalle steeds groei, alhoewel teen 'n stadiger koers, as gevolg van inwaartse
migrasie. Terselfdertyd, gaan MIV/VIGS 'n verminderde effek het op die groei van die Bruto
Binnelandse Produk (BBP), omdat die virus hoofsaaklik die ekonomiese aktiewe en
beskikbare arbeidsmag van die bevolking affekteer wat as gevolg hiervan 'n verhoging in
arbeidskoste en tekort aan geskoolde arbeid het.
Die effek op die informele sektore is potensieel meer skadelik as op die formele ekonomiese
faktore, aangesien die meeste klein en informele besighede rondom een persoon gebou is.
lndien die broodwinner sterf, versleg die vlakke van huishoudelike inkomste en uitgawes wat
lei tot verhoogde armoede, omdat huishoudings in die stad baie afhanklik is op familie
strukture om hulle inkomste te ondersteun. Informele vestigings is meer kwesbaar in die
oordrag van MIV en die meerderheid van die MIV geïnfekteerde individue word gewoonlik in
hierdie areas aangetref omdat die bevolking armer is, meer persone huisves, minder welsyn
dienste fasiliteite het en meer swerwend is in vergelyking met die meer welgestelde formele
vestigings. As in ag geneem word dat die ontkiemings periode van MIV/VIGS vanaf infeksie tot en met
sterfte omtrent tien jaar neem, sal die werklike effek van die huidige VIGS besmettings in
Windhoek slegs ervaar word gedurende 2010. Gesondheidsdienste sal moet aandag skenk
aan 'n groter aanvraag vir geneeslike dienste sowel as sosiale sorg en ondersteunings
programme. Gemeenskaplike welsyn programme sal maniere moet vind om vir 'n groot
populasie van MIV/VIGS weeskinders te sorg.
Munisipaliteite kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die aanspreek van die MIV/VIGS epidemie op 'n
plaaslike vlak omdat hulle die skakel is tussen die gemeenskap en die regering. Hulle is ideaal
geplaas om 'n koordineerende en fasiliterende rol te speel wat nodig is om seker te maak dat
vennootskappe gebou word om voorkomings en versorgings programme te lewer aan elke
gemeenskap wat deur MIV/VIGS geraak word. Dus, om sukses te behaal in die bekamping
van MIV/VIGS , is dit belangrik om nou saam te werk met alle vlakke van die regering sowel
as met plaaslike vennote in die gemeenskap wat MIV/VIGS bekamp op gemeenskapsvlak.
Deur aksie te neem teen MIV/VIGS , kan munisipaliteite die toekoms van hulle dorpe en
gemeenskappe verseker.
46
Hartley, Bonney Elizabeth. "Government policy direction in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa to their San communities : local implications of the International Indigenous Peoples' Movement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3776.
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van, der Merwe Justin Daniel Sean. "Sub-imperialism in crisis? : South Africa's government-business-media complex and the geographies of resistance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db92e002-d7ae-4bf1-b2a0-cd9029242e1e.
Full textAbstract:
This study develops a geographic theory relating to sub-imperial states and resistance to them. The theory is centred on what can be called the government-business-media (GBM) complex, whilst resistance to such states is characterised as counter-imperialist discourses. The theory is applied primarily to South Africa’s (SA’s) interactions with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The aim is to assess the state of SA’s sub-imperialism and evaluate the claim that this sub-imperialism is in crisis. The research findings are based on media material drawn from, and interviews conducted in, Botswana, Zambia and SA. The thesis outlines how sub-imperialism should be regarded as a distinct analytical and theoretical phenomenon. It explores the theoretical context in which the GBM complex and counter-imperialist discourses may be viewed. Using this theoretical framework, the study then traces the historical geographical development of SA’s GBM complex. Building on this, the thesis identifies and examines regional responses and attitudes to SA’s post-apartheid political, business and cultural-media engagement with the region, by analysing counter-imperialist discourses to SA during this period. In order to assess the current state of SA’s sub-imperialism, case studies were taken from the following four areas which cover crucial aspects of SA’s post-apartheid engagement with the region: SA’s parastatal expansion (Eskom); SA’s peacemaking role (Zimbabwe); SA’s state-driven rhetoric of multiculturalism and tolerance (xenophobia); and SA’s hosting of mega-events (2010 Football World Cup). In each of these areas the intended geopolitical and geoeconomic discourses of the GBM complex, and the corresponding responses in the region, are investigated. It is concluded that there is a discrepancy between the intended discourses of the GBM complex and the responses from the region, giving rise to counter-imperialist discourses. These discourses support the claim that SA’s sub-imperialism is in crisis.
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Evans, Peter Christopher. "Transformations of Inuit resistance and identity in northern Labrador, 1771-1959." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648417.
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Nghishekwa, Bona Naita Tukondjeni. "Trends in antibiotic consumption in the Namibian Public Health Sector 2010-2016." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6870.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Background Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs naturally and is accelerated by use. There have been no studies looking at trends in antibiotic consumption in the public health sector in Namibia, which provides services to 85% of the population.
Aim This study described the pattern of antibiotic consumption in the Namibian public health sector based on distribution of antibiotics from Central Medical Stores (CMS) to the 13 regions in the country.
Methodology Antibiotic consumption data from distribution records at the Central Medical Store (CMS), public health sector wholesaler, between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 was collated and analysed to describe trends and usage patterns in the public health sector of Namibia. For the purpose of this study DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) was used as an indicator so as to be comparable with previously conducted studies. DIDs provide information about the proportion of the selected population using a particular medicine per day. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC)/daily defined dose (DDD) methodology be used to analyse the data and evaluate the consumption. Data was presented using stacked bar charts to demonstrate the variation in consumption by ATC classes in each region and over time.
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Du, Toit Andries, and Toit Andries Du. "The National Committee for Liberation ("ARM"), 1960-1964 : sabotage and the question of the ideological subject." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23207.
Full textAbstract:
Subject Matter: The dissertation gives an account of the history of the National Committee for Liberation (NCL), an anti-apartheid sabotage organisation that existed between 1960 and 1964. The study is aimed both at narrating its growth and development in the context of South Africa in the 1950s and 1960s, and explaining its strategic and political choices. In particular, the reasons for its isolation from the broader muggle against Apartheid and its inability to transcend this isolation are investigated. Sources: Discussion of the context of the NCL's development depended on secondary historical works by scholars such as Tom Lodge, Paul Rich, C.J. Driver and Janet Robertson as well as archival sources. The analysis of liberal discourse in the 1950s and 1960s also drew heavily on primary sources such as the liberal journals Contact, Africa South and The New African. Secondary sources were also used for the discussion of the NCL's strategy in the context of the development of a theory of revolutionary guerrilla warfare after the Second World War: here the work of Robert Taber, John Bowyer Bell, Kenneth Grundy and Edward Feit was central. The history of the NCL itself was reconstructed from trial records, newspapers and personal interviews. Archival sources such as The Karis-Carter collection, the Hoover Institute microfilm collection of South African political documents, the Paton Papers, the Ernie Wentzel papers were also extensively used. Methodology: The discussion of the discourse of liberal NCL members depended on a post-structuralist theory of subjectivity. The conceptual underpinnings of the thesis were provided by on the work of Jacques Lacan, Louis Althusser, Michel Pecheux, Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe and Slavoj Zizek. Pechcux's elaboration of the Althusserian concept of interpellation formed the basis of a discourse analysis of NCL texts. In the interviews, some use was also made of techniques of ethnographic interviewing developed by qualitative sociologists such as James Spradley. Conclusions: The analysis focused on the way NCL discourse constructed NCL members as "ordinary persons", a subject-position which implied a radical opposition between political struggle and ideological commitment. The NCL's strategic difficulties were related to the contradictions this discourse, related to metropolitan political traditions that valorised civil society, manifested in the context of post-Sharpeville South Africa. These contradictions were explored in terms of the Lacanian notion of the "ideological fantasy". The dissertation thus closes with a consideration, both of the importance of the ideological traditions identified in the analysis of NCL discourse, and the methodological importance of non-reductive conceptualisations of political identity and ideology.