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Journal articles on the topic 'Governmental price regulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Janssen Daalen, Jules M., Anouk den Ambtman, Mark Van Houdenhoven, and Bart J. F. van den Bemt. "Determinants of drug prices: a systematic review of comparison studies." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (2021): e046917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046917.

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ObjectiveIn this systematic review on drug price comparison studies, we report on recent determinants of drug prices in a national and international context to facilitate regulation of drug prices by purchasers and policymakers worldwide. Determinants of drug prices were divided into non-modifiable and modifiable and were categorised as pertaining to a country’s income level, pharmaceutical market system and its policies and government.Primary outcomeDeterminants of drug prices or price variance.DesignWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for peer-revie

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2

Ponomarenko, O. O., I. F. Lisna, and O. S. Lesnaya. "Assessing the Impact of Anti-Inflationary Instruments on Price Stability." Business Inform 1, no. 528 (2022): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-1-323-330.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of theoretical-methodological and scientific-applied aspects of the formation of anti-inflationary policy as a component of economic stabilization in the current conditions of economic development. The results of the study show that the category of «anti-inflationary policy» most often appears in the context of the following categories: inflation, politics, governmental regulation, macroeconomic stability and macroeconomic policy. As a result of the decomposition of scientific and methodological approaches to the definition of anti-inflationary policy as

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Rintala, Annastiina, Jouni Havukainen, and Mariam Abdulkareem. "Estimating the Cost-Competitiveness of Recycling-Based Geopolymer Concretes." Recycling 6, no. 3 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6030046.

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The cement industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. Consequently, there has been an increasing interest, in both academia and business, in low-carbon concretes in which Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is partially or fully replaced with industrial side streams. However, the realization of the environmental benefits of such materials depends on how competitive they are in the construction market, where low costs are a major competitive factor. This is not straightforward, as many types of concretes exist. Raw material prices vary, and costs can be influenced

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McCue, Michael J., James E. Pawlukiewicz, and Steve R. Eastaugh. "Effects of Price Regulation on Stock Returns of Publicly Traded Companies in the Healthcare Industry." Health Services Management Research 6, no. 3 (1993): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489300600306.

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During the 1980s, governmental changes were enacted to suppress the rising costs of healthcare. The primary forms of legislation were the implementation of the Prospective Payment System (PPS), the passage of Deficit Reduction Act and the proposal to shift capital costs to a prospective payment system. The main emphasis of the study is to examine the price reaction of hospital management companies for the above governmental changes. Using an intervention analysis, the findings show that the market reacted negatively at the passage of PPS and the future proposal to implement capital costs on a

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Kochova, Emilija, Janis Vella Szijj, and Lilian M. Azzopardi. "Price of medicines in a small market country: a comparative approach." Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmab004.

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Abstract Objectives Affordability and availability of medicinal products depend on governmental policies, healthcare budgets and pricing. Pharmaceutical price regulation can improve the accessibility and affordability of essential medicinal products. In Europe, medicinal product prices are assigned individually by each country. The study aimed to compare prices of medicinal products indicated for cardiovascular (n = 18) and respiratory disease (n = 9) available for retail in community pharmacies in five European countries. Methods Unit dose medicinal product prices in North Macedonia, Malta, S

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Tarabusi, Claudio Casadio, and Graham Vickery. "Globalization in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Part II." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 2 (1998): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b6vr-nnd7-46bl-py5g.

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This is the second of a two-part report on the pharmaceutical industry. Part II begins with a discussion of foreign direct investment and inter-firm networks, which covers international mergers, acquisitions, and minority participation; market shares of foreign-controlled firms; international collaboration agreements (with a special note on agreements in biotechnology); and licensing agreements. The final section of the report covers governmental policies on health and safety regulation, price regulation, industry and technology, trade, foreign investment, protection of intellectual property,

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Wang, Xiaozhen, Binbin Liao, Li Cheng, Jingyi Li, Xuanyadong Yang, and Xiaolei Wang. "Energy Price Distortions and Urban Carbon Emission Efficiency: Evidence from China’s Energy-Intensive Sectors." Sustainability 16, no. 21 (2024): 9351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16219351.

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With a primary focus of achieving carbon neutrality, the energy-intensive industrial sectors (EIIs) contribute to more than half of China’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. During the process of China’s rapid economic development, distorted energy prices gradually became the main obstacle to energy conservation and emission reductions in the EIIs. Therefore, this study focused on determining the mechanisms affecting the energy price distortions of carbon emission efficiency (CEE) in China’s EIIs. Based on a stochastic frontier analysis, the changing trend of CEE in China’s EIIs was evaluated. T

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Li, Peng, Guo, and Tan. "Pricing Strategy of Construction and Demolition Waste Considering Retailer Fairness Concerns under a Governmental Regulation Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (2019): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203896.

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In order to investigate the issues of the recycling and remanufacturing of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste), this paper develops a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) consisting of a manufacturer, a retailer, and a recycler, considering both the retailer’s fairness concern psychology and governmental regulations. Four mathematical models are developed for the calculations, and the models are solved through game theory. In both the decentralized and centralized scenarios, the members’ strategies are discussed and the optimal values of decision variables are determined. A numerical

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Dahlan, Dewi. "KEBIJAKAN TRANSPORTASI PEMERINTAH KOTA PADANG DALAM MENGATASI KEMACETAN LALU LINTAS DI KAWASAN BUNDARAN AIR MANCUR PASAR RAYA PADANG." Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan 3, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jsk.v3i1.1464.

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Density of traffic is increasing very quickly in Indonesia ending of the time and that’s problem making serious of traffic Jam. One of city experience that is Padang. One of the area experience that traffic is Bundaran air Mancur, Pasar Raya Padang. This research destination is to know and to description Padang Governmental to overcoming traffic Jam in Bundaran Air Mancur, Pasar Raya Padang. Location of this thesis is Bundaran Air Mancur, Pasar Raya Padang, using qualitative and descriptive method, and purposive sampling to choice the informan. This thesis using 8 method books, 19 theory books

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Chistyakova, Galina, Anastasia Rolgayzer, Evgeniya Bondareva, and Inessa Schlee. "International Practice of Environmental Challenges Regulation." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910502024.

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Modern society needs to establish a balance between social and economic development and environment conservation. This target can be met through the integrated use of legislative, economic and administrative measures developed and implemented by various international, national and regional organizations. Environmental management can achieve the maximum efficiency only through the joint use of three environmental policy instruments: direct regulating, market-based instruments, and voluntary programs. Direct regulating is inherently directive in terms of establishing emission standards / dischar

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Sieg, Gernot, and Irem Batool. "Pakistan, Politics and Political Business Cycles." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 2 (2012): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i2pp.153-166.

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This paper studies whether in Pakistan the dynamic behaviour of unemployment, inflation, budget deficit and real GDP growth is systematically affected by the timing of elections. We cover the period from 1973-2009. Our results can be summarised as follows: (1) Unemployment tends to be lower in pre-election periods and tends to increase immediately after elections, perhaps as a result of politically motivated employment schemes. (2) Inflation tends to be lower in pre-election periods, perhaps as a result of pre-electoral price regulation. (3) We find increase in the governmental budget deficit,

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Adibayev, A. M., and E. T. Omirzhanov. "Problems of legal regulation of benefits indexation to persons with limited opportunities in Kazakhstan." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Law Series 143, no. 2 (2023): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2023-143-2-103-113.

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The global political situation, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, as well as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely influenced the situation in Kazakhstan at many levels, – economic, social, and political ones. In this regard, the cornerstone for the most of the RK citizens became the price formation on commodities and medicines. The pandemic has deprived many people of their source of income in the country, whereas the wage growth undergoes rather slowly. In that context a significant part of the population, including people with disabilities, entirely depends on governmental assist

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Loh, Ye Shing Lourdes, Audrey K. L. Siah, Sharon G. M. Koh, Wing Loong Cheong, and Tin Tin Su. "”What’s up with price controls?” Stakeholders’ views on the regulation of pharmaceutical pricing in Malaysia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0291031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291031.

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Escalating costs have made the accessibility of drugs one of the biggest challenges faced by the Malaysian government. The government agreed to regulate drug prices by means of external reference pricing, but its proposed policy had a setback owing to much opposition from the pharmaceutical industry. The policy did gain support from the public and from non-governmental organisations because it ensured easy access to affordable medicines. Comments from public consultations with key stakeholders were used to explore stakeholders’ perceptions of the external reference pricing policy. A total of 1

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Wahab, Siti Norida, and Muhammad Yazid Sahak. "Can Drug Price Controls Help Patients Get a Better Deal? A SWOT Analysis." NOVEMBER 2023 19, no. 6 (2023): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.6.30.

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Introduction: Due to the increasing rate of drug prices and overall healthcare inflation, stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are voicing their concerns about the possible reciprocal effects in the long run. Drug price controls (DPCs) regulation is crucial to ensure affordability and indirectly reduce congestion in public healthcare facilities. This study aims to identify the SWOT analysis of the DPCs in Malaysia and how it will impact the drug supply chain. Methods: The study adopted a subjective environmental scanning method and a SWOT anal

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Schess, Jaclyn, Lydia Bennett-Li, Richard Velleman, et al. "Alcohol policies in India: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0294392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294392.

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Globally, alcohol consumption causes significant societal harm and is a leading risk factor for death and disability in adults. In India, 3.7% of all deaths and 3.1% disability adjusted life years (DALYs) can be attributed to alcohol. In the context of rapid economic development and emphasized by the COVID-19 pandemic, India’s lack of a consolidated and comprehensive alcohol policy has posed significant challenges to addressing this harm. In this context, the aim of our review was to undertake a comprehensive mapping of the State and national policy environment surrounding alcohol and its use

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Khoroshaylova, M. "The nature of fee charged for provision of public services." Law Enforcement Review 2, no. 4 (2018): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(4).68-85.

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The subject. This paper is devoted to the study of the legal nature of fees charged by the public authorities for the provision of public services.The main aim of the paper is to substantiate the answer on the question is this fee a price or a fiscal charge?The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) as well as particular academic methods (formal-legal method, interpretation of legal acts). The decisions of Russian Constitutional Court are also analyzed.The main results and scope of their application. The article focuses on analysis of th

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Anggraeni, Dewi. "Prevention of Dumping Practice in Asean Free Trade China Free Trade Area (Acfta) Regarding Government Regulation Number 34 Year 2011." JURNAL CITA HUKUM 5, no. 1 (2017): 135–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jch.v5i1.6583.

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The practice of dumping is the practice of selling imported goods below the normal price of domestic products. This governmental regulation is logical consequence in implementing the dumping regulation on the framework of GATT. Govermental regulation No. 34 Year 2011 on Antidumping and Safeguard Measures Trade does not regulate the substance in detail. The Government Regulation more regulates about procedures. Whereas in Anti Dumping Agreement (ADA) is arranged detail. Currently, foreign products are easy to find in various shopping centers, especially imported goods from China, China's export

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Vanrykel, Fanny, Damien Ernst, and Marc Bourgeois. "Fostering Share&Charge through proper regulation." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 19, no. 1-2 (2018): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591718809576.

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This article studies the emergence of Share&Charge, a German platform that organizes the sharing of charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) and the billing for the energy transactions. Share&Charge follows a peer-to-peer fashion, enabling direct transactions between charging station owners and EV drivers. On the demand side, the platform, with its interactive map, makes it possible for EV owners to find a charging station in the most suitable location, for instance, at their place of work or where they live. On the offer side, Share&Charge enables station operators (private i

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Kassymbekov, D., A. Yergali, and O. N. Tlepbergenov. "Issues of improving the normative regulation of the utilization of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Law Series 151, no. 2 (2025): 148–58. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2025-151-2-148-158.

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This study addresses ways to strengthen Kazakhstan’s legislative framework for renewable energy deployment, emphasizing Corporate Power Purchase Agreements (Corporate PPAs). The focus is timely given the country’s ambition to boost renewable energy’s share to 15% by 2030 and advance toward carbon neutrality, all of which demand flexible, market-driven solutions. The core goal is to pinpoint prominent legal obstacles that hinder stand-alone Corporate PPAs and propose legislative adjustments based on international experiences, particularly those from Germany and China. In exploring the regulatio

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Halkos, George E., and Panagiotis-Stavros C. Aslanidis. "Addressing Multidimensional Energy Poverty Implications on Achieving Sustainable Development." Energies 16, no. 9 (2023): 3805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093805.

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This study examines whether shifts in the stance of policymaking can account for the observed predictability in excess energy poverty (EP) or fuel poverty (FP) levels. Energy-related poverty is a subcategory of global poverty and can be categorized into accessibility problems related to EP and affordability issues associated with FP, which have a similar but not identical meaning. Furthermore, developed and developing countries have different energy issues, as the former deal with FP and the latter with EP. However, there are discrepancies in EP not only between countries but within counties a

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Tomšík, Pavel, Pavel Žufan, and Jiří Sedlo. "Attractiveness of Czech winegrowing and wine-production in the stage of adaptation to the united market of the European Union." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 3 (2006): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654030101.

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The paper focuses on the viniculture sector in the Czech Republic in the stage of its adaptation to the united EU-market. The period before the entrance of the Czech Republic to the EU can be characterized by an effort to develop the necessary resources for its quantitative and qualitative growth at the maximum possible level. Evaluation of this period comes from analysis of: legislature and governmental and EU laws, directives and measures, development of the area of vineyards, human resources and businesses, wine market in the Czech Republic and the European Union, financial support of wineg

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Fiapshev, Alim B., Elena V. Travkina, and Vitaliy V. Poznyakov. "Transformation of the Structure of the Russian Banking Sector: The Impact on Regional Development." Engineering Technologies and Systems 28, no. 4 (2020): 695–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.113.028.202004.695-722.

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Introduction. Inconsistency of the governmental regulatory impact on the socio-economic processes is one of the destructive factors in the increasing asymmetry of regional development. The decisions taken in the sphere of financial market regulation have provoked large-scale structural and quantitative changes in the banking system. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the occurred transformation on regional development and to analyze the possibilities of reducing gaps in the volume of banking services provided in Russia’s regions as well as in the level of their socio-economic

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Li, Jinghan. "The Legitimacy Boundary of Government Intervention in Price." International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration 3, no. 2 (2024): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijsspa.v3n2.56.

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The tourism market has become an important driving force for local economic growth, thus local governments have intensions to promote the development of local tourism industry by intervening in tourist hotel room prices during major holidays. Through four events, three modes of local government intervention in hotel prices can be summarized: first, the government takes administrating price replaces the market regulation price mechanisms; second, the government takes restrictions on the pricing rights of operators while maintaining market regulation price mechanisms; third, under the market reg

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Guan, Xiaodong, Haishaerjiang Wushouer, Mingchun Yang, et al. "Influence of government price regulation and deregulation on the price of antineoplastic medications in China: a controlled interrupted time series study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (2019): e031658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031658.

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BackgroundIn October 2012, the Chinese government established maximum retail prices for specific products, including 30 antineoplastic medications. Three years later, in June 2015, the government abolished price regulation for most medications, including all antineoplastic medications. This study examined the impacts of regulation and subsequent deregulation of prices of antineoplastic medications in China.MethodsUsing hospital procurement data and an interrupted time series with comparison series design, we examined the impacts of the policy changes on relative purchase prices (Laspeyres pric

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Lim, Heesun, and Byeong-il Ahn. "Asymmetric price transmission in the distribution channels of pork: Focusing on the effect of policy regulation of Sunday sales by hypermarkets in Korea." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 11 (2020): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/254/2020-agricecon.

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In this paper, we investigate whether there exists market inefficiency in the distribution channel of pork by estimating a developed partial adjustment model that captures the asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to retail prices. The estimation results show that market efficiency exists for the wholesale and two types of retail markets in the distributional channel of pork in Korea. The government's regulation on Sunday sales by hypermarkets plays a significant role in increasing market efficiency, forcing more competition among hypermarkets, and changing the structure of asymmetric p

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Chen, Pian, and David D’Auria. "Measuring Antitrust Damages in the Presence of Foreign Government Regulation." Antitrust Bulletin 64, no. 2 (2019): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x19844627.

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The U.S. Supreme Court on June 14, 2018, reversed the Second Circuit’s 2016 decision to vacate a $147 million judgment against two Chinese companies, who allegedly fixed vitamin C prices. The high court held that courts should give foreign governments’ statements “respectful consideration” but are not bound by another country’s description of its own laws. Going forward, courts will need to evaluate a foreign government’s statements when defendants claim a contradiction between U.S. law and foreign regulations as a defense. When government regulation and private cartelization overlap, complica

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Vahanova, Liudmyla. "STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF MEDICAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 298, no. 5 Part 1 (2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-298-5(1)-6.

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The article is devoted to deepening the theoretical foundations of medical tourism development in Ukraine and substantiation of the multiplier effect of medical tourism. To this end, the four main motives of medical tourism in the world are considered (lower cost of treatment and diagnosis in another country; more modern medical technologies abroad; highly qualified medical care and service; time factor (with a long wait for medical treatment in their country)) main directions of medical tourism (inbound medical tourism and outbound medical tourism). It is established that at this stage of dev

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Jacqueline Kangu Kobe, Placide Makwa Mbulola, Gédéon Ngiala Bongo, Ruphin Djolu Djoza, Muhammad Ridwan, and Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua. "Mobilization of Fiscal Resources as Development Engine of Decentralized Territorial Entities: The case study of Mbandaka City in Democratic Republic of the Congo." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 9, no. 3 (2022): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v9i3.233.

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The State as an institution was born from the will of the people for the realization of activities of common interest, such as: the building of hospitals, roads, schools, electrification, job creation, water etc. As the protector of goods, the state is called upon to fulfill several duties either governmental, when the state exercises its sovereignty to legislate and execute, or administrative when it ensures the management of the public administration for the benefit of the collective welfare thanks to the various taxes, levies and other charges mobilized and/or collected from the population

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Liu, Mengba, Yanfei Xiong, and Anlu Zhang. "Can China’s Cross-Regional Ecological Fiscal Transfers Help Improve the Ecological Environment?—Evidence from Hubei Province." Land 13, no. 8 (2024): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13081132.

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As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China’s eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environme

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Park, Seong-Hyun, and Jeong-Yeal Suh. "Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Gift of Apartment During the Surging of Housing Prices: Focusing on the Characteristics of Real Estate Regulations." Korean Association for Housing Policy Studies 33, no. 1 (2025): 5–32. https://doi.org/10.24957/hsr.2025.33.1.5.

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Since 2020, the Korean real estate market has risen unusually steeply, mainly in apartment prices. With the continuous rise in apartment prices, gifts increased especially in situations where taxation and regulations on multiple homeowners were in effect. Research on apartment gifts has been mainly conducted in the past but considered only the perspective of tax law and accounting. Hence, this study conducted multiple regression analysis and empirically compared and analyzed how the characteristics of the local housing market affect the number of apartment gifts from 2020 to 2023, the period o

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Gurbanzade, Azer. "THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GUARANTEED AND INTERVENTION PRICES ON FOOD SECURITY." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (2024): 113–23. https://doi.org/10.15837/aijes.v18i2.6945.

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Improving food security in contemporary conditions directly depends on solving numerous issues. It is crucial to consider that the processes of globalization significantly impact food security. In countries where the influence of import channels on the food market is high, this often leads to a deterioration in food security. Therefore, there is an urgent need for state regulation measures. The regulatory measures implemented by the government to improve food security, especially in the context of globalization and market economies, involve the application of guaranteed and intervention prices

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Keh, Chia-Guan, Yan-Teng Tan, and Siu-Eng Tang. "COVID 19: GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO OIL PRICE." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 3, no. 7 (2021): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.37001.

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The outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has aroused global interest and it had a significant impact on the global economy. The majority of the countries have implemented lockdown regulations and social distancing policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, which has an unprecedented impact on the oil and gas market. Hence, this scenario motivated us to study how government responses aimed at banning the spread of COVID-19 affect oil prices? To answer this question, this study examines the Movement Control Order imposed by the government to responses the oil prices in Malaysia. The study emp

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Matros-Goreses, Anna, and Richard Franceys. "The price-setting process and a potential role for economic regulation in a water scarce developing country." Water Supply 8, no. 3 (2008): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.081.

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Setting appropriate prices, as one of the most versatile tools of demand management, is increasingly being promoted to send out the proper signal that water is a valuable resource and should be used accordingly, especially where resources are limited. Setting prices is also critical to assure affordable access by lower-income households. The price-setting process, within the government's existing legal framework, given the challenge of growing water scarcity and skewed income distribution in Windhoek (capital of Namibia), is explored in this paper. Based on fieldwork undertaken in Namibia, the

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Rachmawati, Dina. "THE AUTHORITY OF GOVERNMENT AND PT PERTAMINA ON THE PRICING OF 12-KG LPG." Hang Tuah Law Journal 2, no. 2 (2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v2i2.70.

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<p>In 2004, the price of 12-kg LPG in Indonesia fluctuated within a week. According to BPK report between 2011 and 2012, Pertamina lose 77 Trilion rupiahs in LPG sales. As a state-owned company, Pertamina decided to increase the LPG price up to 68% from the current price. The government acts to regulate the LPG price twice in a week resulting in a huge margin for agent and consumer. However, it is clearly interesting to see the boundaries of authority between PT Pertamina and Government in ricing 12-kg LPG for people. The Ministrial Regulation of Energy and Mineral Sesources No.26 year 2

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Tuzel, Y., A. Gul, O. Tuncay, et al. "Organic cucumber production in the greenhouse: A case study from Turkey." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, no. 4 (2005): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf2005105.

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AbstractOrganic farming seems to be a solution in environmentally sensitive zones such as the protection zone of Tahtalı Dam, which supplies fresh water to Izmir, the third largest city in Turkey. Greenhouse vegetable production is the major agricultural activity in this area (Menderes Township). However, due to the pollution risk from agriculture, governmental authorities have issued a regulation discouraging the use of chemicals within the collection basin of the dam. An on-farm project was conducted in 2001 to introduce organic greenhouse vegetable production in the Tahtalı Dam preservation

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Savina, Natalia, and Yaroslav Tsetsyk. "THE ROLE OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT IN THE REGULATION OF THE PRICING OF THE VOLYN IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4720.

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The article describes the features of the regulation on pricing policy of Volyn in the period of the early twentieth century. The role of local authorities in this process has been investigated. Found out that the bodies of municipal government during World War I tried to adjust the price of food and essential goods, but given the realities of the war, they were forced to their povyshat. An important element in this work city councils in Volyn was that they managed to avoid sharp jumps in prices for main groups of goods, to a certain extent weakened the social tension in the border areas. Whil

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Laura Vantania Safitri, M. Ridwansyah, Rosmeli Rosmeli, Erni Achmad, Nurhayani Nurhayani, and Zainul Bahri. "Analysis Contributor Inflation Group “ Volatile Food” from Sector Agriculture in Jambi Province." International Journal of Economics and Management Research 4, no. 2 (2025): 609–19. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijemr.v4i2.401.

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Inflation in Jambi Province is influenced by volatile food groups, the study aims to see the effect of food prices on inflation, as well as inflation predictions in Jambi Province, 2019-2023 period, data analysis techniques using panel data, exponential smoothing methods to see inflation predictions. The results show that there is a significant effect of the price of rice, red chili, cayenne pepper, and broiler chicken on inflation, the price of shallots does not have a significant effect on inflation. The predicted value uses the exponential smoothing method where inflation in Jambi Province

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Uzun, Vasiliy Ya. "Government food price restrictions: mechanisms, results, alternatives." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 1 (January 2023): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2023-0-1-2-9.

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On December 2020 the Government of the Russian Federation launched measures to limit the maximum level of prices for sugar and sunflower oil. They were established on the basis of agreements between the Government of the Russian Federation, major manufacturers and retail chains. Decisions were made on an emergency basis. This paper analyzes the legislative basis of the decisions made, the mechanisms of regulation and their consequences. The study revealed problems in setting and observing maximum prices: flaws in the legal framework for imposing price restrictions and agreements between the go

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Wardana, Andy, Rabina Yunus, and Suhardiman Syamsu. "The Government's Role in Stabilizing Rice Prices in Central Sulawesi." Journal La Bisecoman 4, no. 5 (2023): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v4i5.997.

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This research aims to find out the government's role in stabilizing rice prices. This research focuses on what things are being done by the government, in this case Perum Bulog and Disperindag, Central Sulawesi to reduce the increase in rice prices. The method used is qualitative. Collection uses observation, interviews, documents and internet searching. The location of this research includes the city of Palu, Kab. Parigi Moutong, Kab. Donggala, and Kab. Sigi. The theory used is the role of government in the economy based on its activities which consist of the role of government as regulator,

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Ahmaddien, Iskandar. "Price Negotiation of E-Purchasing Catalog In Government Procurement of Goods/Services." Cessie : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 2, no. 1 (2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55904/cessie.v2i1.637.

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The role of the purchasing manager (purchase manager/commitment manager) in price negotiations is very important because the price of the items listed in the catalog is the price set by the catalog supplier. The government details and strictly regulates electronic shopping lists in price negotiations. However, in practice, this is difficult to apply because information about the strategy and ethics of purchasing managers of goods/services in price negotiations is limited, so that the procedures for implementing strategies and ethics in price negotiations for online shopping must be developed.

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Ahmaddien, Iskandar. "Price Negotiation of E-Purchasing Catalog In Government Procurement of Goods/Services." Cessie : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 1, no. 1 (2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55904/cessie.v1i1.637.

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The role of the purchasing manager (purchase manager/commitment manager) in price negotiations is very important because the price of the items listed in the catalog is the price set by the catalog supplier. The government details and strictly regulates electronic shopping lists in price negotiations. However, in practice, this is difficult to apply because information about the strategy and ethics of purchasing managers of goods/services in price negotiations is limited, so that the procedures for implementing strategies and ethics in price negotiations for online shopping must be developed.

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Праневич, Алла Александровна. "GLOBAL DIGITAL SPACE MONOPOLIZATION: GROWING THREATS TO THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WAYS FOR ITS OVERCOMING." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 4(52) (December 23, 2020): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2020.4.149-157.

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Цель исследования - обобщение опыта развивающихся стран и оценка возможностей Республики Беларусь по смягчению угроз роста цифрового неравенства и эффективной интеграции в глобальное цифровое пространство. В статье определены источники, формы и угрозы проявления монополистических тенденций в современной мировой экономике. Показано, что технологическое развитие, формирование новых инновационных рынков и бизнес-моделей, порождают принципиально новые источники монополистической власти, тем самым создавая условия для усиления цифрового неравенства стран, связанного с их дифференциацией по доступу

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Chalkidou, Kalipso, Gerard F. Anderson, and Ruth Faden. "Eliminating drug price differentials across government programmes in the USA." Health Economics, Policy and Law 6, no. 1 (2010): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174413310999034x.

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AbstractFederal agencies in the USA pay significantly different prices for the same prescription drugs because each agency uses a different approach to derive the payment rate. Because we do not identify any economic rationale or socially accepted moral reasoning that would justify the current level of price variation, we suggest that the federal government should pay a uniform price for each drug. Laws and regulations that give certain federal agencies the ability to earn rebates, use formularies, or permit other special arrangements would need to be eliminated in order to have a single payme

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Farida, Ulfa Jamilatul. "MEMAHAMI KAIDAH AL KHARĀJ BI AL DHOMĀN TERHADAP FLUKTUASI HARGA ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." At-Tawazun, Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 10, no. 02 (2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55799/tawazun.v10i02.203.

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This paper discusses price fluctuations for personal protective equipment (PPE) during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of Islamic economic law in the principles of al kharāj bi al dhomān. This issue is very interesting for two reasons: the massive phenomenon of PPE hoarding during the pandemic and the need for an understanding of sharia economic law to be empowered to understand the risks associated with fluctuations in PPE prices during the pandemic. This paper is a qualitative research with a sociological juridical approach. In the perspective of sharia economic law, especially in the context

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Hur, Seok-Kyun. "Assessing Policy Effects on the Interacting Housing, Chonsei, and Wolse Markets." Korean Development Economics Association 30, no. 3 (2024): 27–62. https://doi.org/10.20464/kdea.2024.30.3.2.

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Our study, based on a partial equilibrium model consisting of housing sales, chonsei, and wolse markets, discusses the effect of various policies on the prices in those markets. The paper confirms that the government's tax policy, monetary policy, and financial regulations not only have differential effects on the housing sales market and rent markets, but also that the directions of the effects are often ambiguous. These results also suggest that it is not easy to predict the impact of most housing market policies aimed at stabilizing housing prices on the rent markets and the housing sales m

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Liu, Jinbo. "The Impact of the Real Estate Recession on China's Stock Market." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 84, no. 1 (2024): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/84/20240819.

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This paper makes a predictive analysis of the correlation between housing prices and CSI 300 index. The article selects the national average annual housing prices from 2006 to 2022 and the annual average index of China's CSI 300 Index from 2006 to 2022. The time series model was used to predict the future housing price trend and the impact of government policy is considered as well. Government factors are measured by the China Economic Uncertainty Index (CEPUI). In the absence of the government's regulation, China's housing prices in the next few years, will have a sharp decline. At the same t

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Haykal, Muhammad, Iswadi Bensaadi, and Saifuddin Yunus. "Government Pricing Policy and Oil Palm Smallholder Income Study on Oil Palm Farmers in East Aceh." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (MICoMS) 3 (January 14, 2023): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/micoms.v3i.174.

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This study examines the influence of government pricing policies in determining the selling price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) on the income of oil palm farmers. The research was conducted on oil palm smallholders in East Aceh who were determined based on convenience sampling. There are 100 oil palm smallholder respondents appointed to represent all oil palm smallholders in East Aceh. Data was collected using a questionnaire by taking samples of oil palm farmers in 10 districts in East Aceh. The question items are formed based on the indicators of each variable. This study was tested using mul

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Prokopyev, Mikhail G. "Grain market regulation: grain damper." Market economy problems, no. 2 (2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2023-2-38-50.

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Growth of grain exports is one of the priority tasks of the domestic agro-industrial complex. In recent years Russia has been consistently increasing production and supply of grain to the foreign market. Along with the growth of grain supplies to the external market there is a growing dependence of domestic prices on the rising prices of the world market. A number of measures have been taken to curb rising food prices in Russia. In particular, because of substantial growth of prices and necessity to stabilize food market on February 6, 2021 there was accepted the governmental decree 117 about

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Satria Tirtayasa, Hasmanan Khair, and Yuni Satria. "Regulations Government Moderate the Influence of Price and Brand Image on Interest in Buying Electric Cars in the Mebidang Metropolitan City (Medan-Binjai-Deli Serdang)." Proceeding of The International Conference on Business and Economics 1, no. 2 (2023): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/icbeuntagsmg.v1i2.1067.

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Research objectives: To analyze and know the role of the government in regulating the government's moderate influence on price, facilities, and brand image towards interest in buying electric cars and electricity in the Mebidang Metropolitan City (Medan-Binjai-Deli Serdang). Population from study This is a candidate interested consumers buying car electricity at electricity in the Mebidang Metropolitan City (Medan-Binjai-Deli Serdang). Because the population amount is unknown, the researcher determines the sample size using the Lemeshow formula, which amounts to 384 respondents. Sample determi

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Rafki, Reni, Rafnelly Rafki, Yolanda Oktarina, Nofriadi Nofriadi, and Yulasmi. "Palm Oil Exports Increased Due To Rupiah Depreciation, International Price Factors And Government Regulations." ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 6 (2023): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/soshum2352.

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Palm oil is a very important export commodity for Indonesia, contributing significantly to the country's economy in terms of both production and export. Fluctuations in the rupiah exchange rate against foreign currencies, especially the US dollar, have been widely studied, which turned out to affect the export of various commodities, including palm oil. However, the linkages to international prices and government regulation have not been studied much. This study aims to examine how much influence international prices, rupiah depreciation, and Indonesian government regulations have on increasin

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