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Journal articles on the topic 'Govt. expenditure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Prof, Dr Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro. "Impact of Government Size Threshold on Economic Growth of Pakistan (1980-2015)." SALU-Commerce & Economics Review 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3723102.

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The purpose of this research study is to investigate the existence of Armey curve in case of Pakistan. OLS regression model was applied for this purpose. The observed results show that Govt Expenditure, Investment, population growth and unemployment rate positively and significantly affect Pakistan’s economic growth. Whereas, consumption and Trade openness show positive but insignificant impact on economic growth. The main objective of this research was to find out reverse U curve to explain relationship among govt expenditures and economic growth for the period of 1980 to 2015. We found

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2

Kshirsagar, Dr. Sonali R., and Yogita Mahadev Bhandare. ""A Analysis of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in India"." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 33 (2023): 4–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10153023.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong>Public Expenditure Playing Important role in the economic Devolopment of a country like India Public expenditure is spending made by the govt of a country on collective needs and wants, such as pension, provisions, Security, infrastructure etc.1 The Relationship between govt. spending and economic growth attracted widespread attention over the years as economists & politics battle to establish the impact of govt. exp. Spending on economic growth. The outcome of their work has been helpful. Because of the lack of consensus on the results & conclusions reach

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3

Shaukat, Sidra, Aabru e. Fatima, Muhammad Waseem, and Muhammad Kamran Bhatti. "Government Expenditure impact on the Economic Growth of Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 9, no. 1 (2023): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v9i1.476.

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The primary goal of this study is to inspect the Government Expenditure consequence on the Pakistan’s economy growth. For this intention study used data of annual time series from 1980 to 2020. The research-work utilized ADF Unit-Root Test that verify stationary data. And applied (OLS) technique to estimation the connection among the GDP and Govt Expenditure, Inflation, and GDP per capita. The estimation of the OLS method shows there is a positive and significant impact of Govt expenditure and GDP per capita on GDP. While; Inflation has a significantly negative influence on GDP of the country.

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Abbas, Mariam, Zaib un Nisa, and Usman Abbas. "Exchange Rate Volatility in Response to Covid-19 in SAARC Countries." SAR Journal of Medical Case Reports 4, no. 04 (2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjmcr.2023.v04i04.001.

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The Objective of this study is to check the connection of exchange rate volatility in response to COVID- 19, with the help of two different models. We used twelve variables in these two model Exchange rate volatilities, Govt Effectiveness, Unemployment, Inflation, Lending Interest rate, GDP per capita, Population, Immunization, Govt Expenditure on education, Life- Expectancy, and Hand washing. The data collected from World Development Indicator, World Health Organization, International Financial Statistics, Worldwide Governs indicators, and COVID-19 data collected from-our-world-in-data. ARCH

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Sadhukhan, Sanjoy Kumar. "A Rural Community based study on Morbidity, Health care Utilization and Health Expenditure in Tarakeswar Block, Hoogly District, West Bengal." Journal of Comprehensive Health 6, no. 2 (2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v06i02.007.

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Background: Rural community based recent study on morbidity, health care utilization and health expenditure is a rarity in India especially in West Bengal. Objectives: To find out the morbidity pattern, health care utilization and health expenditure in rural area of Tarakeswar block, Hoogly district, West Bengal. Methods: House to house survey of 720 families (total 2759 persons) from rural area of Tarakeswar block, Hoogly district, West Bengal, selected by 30 cluster sampling technique during 2013-14 with help of a predesigned pre-tested schedule by post-graduate students with one month recal

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Nasim, Ismat, Furrukh Bashir, Maleeka-Tul Zahra, and Altaf Hussain. "Secondary & Tertiary Education, Health, Investment and Human Capital in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis." iRASD Journal of Management 4, no. 1 (2022): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jom.2022.0401.0065.

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This paper contains a new human capital paradigm that measures Pakistan's economic development and human capital formation. The aim of this paper is to empirically estimate the impact of economic growth on human capital formation in Pakistan. Human capital is used as the dependent variable with govt. expenditures on secondary education, expenditures on tertiary education, current health expenditure and GROSS fixed capital formation as the independent variables. Data is taken from WDI and the P.W.T (10) for the period of 1990-2020. This study is based on time series analysis. In this study ADF

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7

Prof., Stanislaus John Lopes. "Analytical study of Surge in Direct Tax collection in India before and during Modi Government Regime." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 5 (2023): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7740492.

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Direct Tax plays an important role in Public Finance of any economy. The Govt. expenditure depends on how much amount it has received by way of Taxes (Direct & Indirect). The Fiscal policy of any nation depends upon collection Direct & Indirect Taxes. It also shows growth of any nation. This paper examines the causes that has contributed to surge in Direct tax collection in India since 2004 In India.

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Prof., Stanislaus John Lopes. "Analytical study of Surge in Direct Tax collection in India before and during Modi Government Regime." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 5 (2023): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7740496.

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Direct Tax plays an important role in Public Finance of any economy. The Govt. expenditure depends on how much amount it has received by way of Taxes (Direct & Indirect). The Fiscal policy of any nation depends upon collection Direct & Indirect Taxes. It also shows growth of any nation. This paper examines the causes that has contributed to surge in Direct tax collection in India since 2004 In India.

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9

Sachdev, Devender, Kartik Janardan Salwe, Anoop Dev Anoop Dev, Binita Singha, and H. Ambing H Ambing. "Drug Utilization Pattern Among Indoor Patients Treated Under CMAAY/PMJAY Insurance Schemes at Tertiary Care Hospital in Arunachal Pradesh, North East India." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 1 (2022): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2388.

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Background: Drug utilization pattern helps to understand the current trend of the drug used in various conditions by healthcare providers. It also helps in rationalizing budget expenditure on the medication cost. The Chief Minister Arogya Arunachal Yojana/Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (CMAAY/PMJAY) is a cashless scheme run by Govt of Arunachal Pradesh and Govt of India where the surgeries, medicines/surgical items cost are borne by the government. Present study assessed the drug utilization pattern among indoor patients treated under these insurance schemes. Material and Method: Retrospecti

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10

Ghosh, Sudipta, and P. S. Aithal. "Trends in Disinvestment of Government’s Equity: An Explicatory Study of Public Sector Enterprises in India." Revista Review Index Journal of Multidisciplinary 2, no. 3 (2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm2022.v02.n03.001.

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A Public Sector Enterprise (PSE) is an enterprise which is owned and proscribed by the Local, or State or Central Govt. In a civic enterprise, the investment is either entirely or partially made by the Govt. Under PSEs, the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) occupy an important position in the economy. They were set up to achieve fiscal development, self-support in manufacturing, intemperance equilibrium of expenditure, and controlling the deflationary and inflationary trends. These macro-economic objectives are taken as an instrument for structural change of the nation with equality an

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Chandrasekhar Reddy, K., and V. Rambabu Naik. "A STUDY ON THE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF RAPID ANTIGEN KITS TO ENSURE CONTINUOUS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AT THE POINT OF COVID-19 SERVICE WITH EFFICIENT COST CONTROL AT TSMSIDC, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, MEDICAL AND FAMILY WELFARE, GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15971.

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One of the responsibilities of TSMSIDC, Govt. of Telangana is procuring drugs, diagnostics, reagents, and consumables, and supply them to various health facilities across the state. During the COVID-19 period, TSMSIDC has taken up the onus of procuring testing kits and COVID-19-specific medicines as well. The objective of the paper is to present the different inventory management and supply chain management strategies (deployed) by TSMSIDC to optimize the expenditure incurred towards purchasing of Rapid Antigen Testing Kits (RAT). This is also intended to present how TSMSIDC was able to save o

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Raza, Kashif, Asad Ali, and Muhammad Toqeer Abbas. "The Role of Economic Indicators in Perspective of Energy Crisis in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2014.0201.0006.

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The present study aims to explore the theoretical relationship of energy crisis with different economic indicators. For this purpose, Secondary data have been used for the period of 2000 to 2012. The study focuses only on descriptive analysis of incorporated economic indicators and their conceptual links with energy crises phenomenon. This study is divided into two parts, 1st part presents pre crisis era for the duration of (2000-2005) and second part is considered as post crisis era from the period of (2006-2012). In this study average values of selected economic indicators are to be used and

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Kasturi Goswami. "Can Better Infrastructure Ensure Better Healthcare? The Dialectic of Assam’s Health Sector Scenario." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 11, no. 1 (2020): 1698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v11i1.1207.

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Health is considered as a basic asset because ill health disables us from fulfilling our responsibilities both on social and personal grounds. The objective of the paper is to access the status of health infrastructure, health facilities and expenditure pattern on health sector in the state of Assam. It tries to answer the question if the increase in the number of health care facilities is enough to ensure good health and well being of the people. The objective is fulfilled through the analysis of the secondary data collected from Statistical Hand Book of Assam on various Medical and Public He

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Chatterjee, Sumana. "DATA ANALYTICS FOR NATIONAL PENSION SYSTEM OVERSIGHT REPORT INNOVATION WITH AI/ML TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Global Research Innovations & Technology 03, no. 01 (2025): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.62823/ijgrit/03.01.7205.

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Govt. of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Expenditure have introduced a New Pension Scheme replacing the existing system with effect from 1.1.2004 and is applicable to all new entrants to Central Govt. service except to armed forces joining Govt. service on or after 1.1.2004. Newly joined NPS subscribers who don’t have NPS account i,e. PRAN (Permanent Retirement Account Number)number, submit CSRF forms(‘Common Subscriber Registration Form’) for the purpose of generation of PRAN number which is some unique number to maintain NPS account, all NPS related fillings, tax rebate, nomination

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15

Rout, Narayan. "Effect of rural development and targeted expenditure towards poverty alleviation in Odisha, India." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 8 (December 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijed/v8.38.

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Objectives: To evaluate the direct tools of poverty alleviation in Odisha, and investigate the response of alleviation programs to poverty. Method: The assessment proceeds with three simple steps of identifying: who, what and how by focusing on four important aspects namely; rural employment, rural development, food security and social security. The causes of poverty are matched with the available tools of active and operational schemes in Odisha state reported by the Dept. of Economics & statistics, Govt. of Odisha and World Bank Survey Reports during the period 2009 to 2011, the correspo

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16

Qaisar Abbas, Muhammad Imran, and Muhammad Sajid. "Integration of Healthcare Services of Specialized Healthcare & Medical Education Department, Government of Punjab in Cloud-based System." Journal of Computing & Biomedical Informatics 2, no. 01 (2021): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.56979/201/2021/24.

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To know about the emergent technology in the world is cloud computing, which may utilize in the health sector to improve the mechanism for the delivery of healthcare services of Specialized Healthcare & Medical Education Department, Govt. of the Punjab, Lahore, human resources management system, budget and expenditure, pharmaceutical services, waste management, and patient treatment plan, in a cloud-based integrated system with the motive to change the storage mode of data from manually into digitally computing mod with accessing it efficiently through the cloud. Today, the major issue is

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17

Kousar, Tahmina, and Uzma Nisar. "Human Development Remittances and Economic Growth: An Evidence from Selected Developing Countries." International Journal of Advanced Social Studies 3, no. 2 (2023): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.70843/ijass.2023.03023.

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This study aims to explore the influence of human development and remittances on the economic growth of eight developing nations spanning from 2000 to 2020. The primary findings of this research reveal a significant and positive relationship between human development and the economic advancement of these developing countries. Descriptive statistics were employed to elucidate the characteristics of the data variables, providing insights into the various factors related to human development, remittances, and economic growth. The results underscored the noteworthy and positive impact of remittanc

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18

Hosahalli, Anilkumar, and N. Honnurswamy Dr. "A Study on Performance of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) in Kalyana Karnataka Region." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 08 (2024): 7034–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13752840.

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Abstract : Rural roads in Karnataka are low volume roads comprising both village roads (VRs) and other district roads (ODRs). Pradhana Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched to provide rural connectivity by way of all-weather roads to eligible habitations with a population of 500 and above. The main objective of the official is to Know the Concepts of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana. to know the trends and patterns and to find out the Overall Progress and performances of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana in the Kalyana Karnataka Region in the study area. This paper is analytical, descr

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19

Debasis, Patnaik, and Yaji Venkat. "Assessing the Effects of Tax Elasticity on Government Spending." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 8, no. 5 (2018): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.8.5.8.

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This paper assesses the effects of Tax elasticity on Government Spending state wise from 2001-2010 for five major states in terms of population. OLS Regression model is used where the relationships are assumed to be linear. The variables used in the regression model are: Gt = the government spending at the state level, the dependent variable Yt = the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the state Ct = the central assistance to the state , Et = the elasticity variable, The subscript ‘t’ refers to the corresponding year of analysis and b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5 are regression coefficients. I

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Baba, D., Hudu, M. I., Suleiman, N. J., Ibrahim, A. L., and Jamila, R. M. "EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPENDITURE ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELLING APPROACH." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v3i1.101.

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The study was conducted to examine the effects of increased government agricultural expenditure on Nigerian economy using computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling approach. The research used simple, practically-oriented exposition of computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling. The study relied strictly on secondary data, to estimate parameters of the model before simulation using the Nigerian Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of 2012 as the base year data in General Algebraic Modelling System developed (GAMS) by IFPRI for this analysis. The 2012 SAM is the most recent SAM data for Niger

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Rahman, Akim M. "Black carbon and other pollutants from brickfields country-wise: Impact assessment and policy guidance under welfare analysis." Frontiers in Management and Business 4, no. 1 (2022): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/fmb.2023.01.001.

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The brick industry in developing world is a vast, coal burning and polluting industry. Nearly 1,500 billion bricks are produced globally each year where 87% are from Asia. China dominates the world in producing bricks using coal combustion and woods as fuels where Australia placed the last. Bangladesh placed the 5th in the world, and it mostly uses woods as fuels. These industries are owned privately. It is a type of industry that is mostly driven with business mentality without emphasizing the hygiene and health aspects where government laws are barely active in practices where rapid urbaniza

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Brunn, S. D., D. Lowery, and G. R. Webster. "Regional Winners and Losers in the Reagan Budget Cuts: Who Got What Where?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 5, no. 2 (1987): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c050183.

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In this paper, the spatial allocation of federal expenditure changes from the last year of the Carter Administration to the first year of the Reagan Administration (fiscal year 1981 to fiscal year 1982) is examined. Federal expenditures are divided into several categories and subcategories, and their allocations by state are mapped. Although some spatial patterns are evident in total federal expenditures and for some of the major categories of expenditure, there is often little agreement in the regional patterns of winning and losing states.

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Osuji, Casmir. "Federal Government Recurrent Expenditure and the Nigerian Economy." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 7, no. 8 (2018): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3484475.

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this study looked into the impact of federal government recurrent expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2017. Time series data included in the Model were those on the gross domestic product (GDP) and various components of federal government recurrent expenditure. The analysis was based on data got from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Results of the analysis revealed that Nigeria federal government recurrent expenditure in economic services, social community services, and transfers has a positive impact on the Nigerian economic growth while the a

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Rifat, M. A., Asit Biswas, Hazera Binte Sufian, Faria Azad, and MD Khurshidul Zahid. "Socio-Economic Status, Hygiene Practices and Microbial Exposure of the Waste Collectors of Dhaka City in Bangladesh." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 12 (2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n12p96.

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Waste is a discarded part generated from primary use of a material. In most cases, waste is very much unwanted and unusable but may be usable and beneficial for our economy and environment. Waste collectors are playing vital roles for the management of wastes though they are deprived of their basic needs. They are involved directly or indirectly to our economy and environmental development. However, whether waste collection activity has any effect on the socioeconomic status, hygiene practices, and microbial exposure of waste collectors remain unknown. Here we investigated socio-economic statu

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Dr., Manoj P. K. "AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING: NEED FOR AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH FOR THE HOLISTIC GROWTH OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY OF KERALA, INDIA." COMMUNITY PRACTITIONER 20, no. 09 (2023): 412–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8404953.

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<strong>Abstract </strong> <strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><strong>:</strong> Despite the significant achievements of Kerala in diverse socio-economic variables, especially in the healthcare and allied fields, recurring instances of epidemics have been haunting the State. Though the global pandemic Covid-19 has subdued, heath issues still continue. The latest instance is the Nipah virus outbreak in 2023, for the fourth time since 2018. This causes undue hardships to the public as it affects their livelihood. Besides, it severely affects sectors like tourism as tourists get repelled due t

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Obayelu, Oluwakemi Adeola, Adebusola Iyanu Adeyeye, Abimbola Oluyemisi Adepoju, and Abolupe Oluyemi Ayanboye. "Protein food consumption among students in a Nigerian university: A demand modelling." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 55, no. 1 (2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2022-0010.

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Abstract Adequate consumption of protein is indispensable for human growth and health. Nigeria has a high burden of protein deficiency with attendant loss of economic productivity and high health bills due to ill-health. Owing to paucity of information on demand for protein foods among Nigerian youths, the study assessed the demand for protein foods among students of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The data collected from 300 students through a multi-stage smapling procedure were analysed using descriptive statistics and Quadratic Almost Ideal System model (QUAIDS). The results have

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Serkov, Leonid, and Sergey Krasnykh. "TAX SMOOTHING WITH SEIGNIORAGE AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Economics and Management" 17, no. 4 (2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/em230401.

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This paper determines the optimal trajectories of the tax rate under tax smoothing taking into account the seigniorage and stochastic processes of government expenditures in a partial equilibrium model. The paper optimizes the discounted value of distortions caused by tax instruments, given intra- and intertemporal budget constraints. The authors propose a more general functional form describing distortions due to income and leni-ency taxes, taking into account the stochastic processes of government expenditures, as compared to the standard quadratic form for finding the ratio between the plan

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Hakim, Abdul, and Raras Kinanthi. "Memodelkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Kota di Jawa Tengah." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 9, no. 2 (2019): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v9i2.26099.

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This paper models District Revenue (DR) in regencies and cities in Central Java. The independent variables that are expected to describe the DR behavior are Gross Regional Per Capita Income (GRPCI), Population (POP), Regional Government Expenditure (GOV), and inflation (INF). The panel data covers 35 regencies and cities in Central Java, from 2012 to 2016. Using the regression model of panel data with fixed effect method, it is found that all the variables significantly influence DR with inflation as the dominant variable followed by the population. Government expenditures, the vairable that c

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Andrews, Margaret W. "The Best Advertisement a City Can Have: Public Health Services in Vancouver, 1886-1888." Articles 12, no. 3 (2013): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018939ar.

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Vancouver was unlike many nineteenth centry Canadian cities in that it readily undertook to provide reasonably extensive public health services — a city hospital, waste disposal and drainage, a modern water supply, and health inspection. Provision of those services got fairly under way in the city's first two years, at which time (as later), those interested in the city's growth, who directed public expenditure there as in most cities of the time, encouraged up-to-date public health services as signs of municipal progress likely to attract additional settlers and capital. Public expenditures r

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J.Durgaprasad and R. M. Jadeja. "Value Chain Analysis of Cattle Feed Market in Banaskantha District, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 11 (2024): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i112615.

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India has vast resources of livestock and poultry, which play a vital role in improving the socio-economic conditions of rural masses. Livestock sector contributed 4.90 per cent of total GVA in 2020-21. Birthal and Jha [1] has found feed scarcity as the main limiting factor to improving livestock productivity. Therefore, to increase the productivity potential of milch animals the use of commercial compound feed is inevitable as supply of feed & fodder is shortening due to shrinking pasture land in the country. The Indian feed industry is about 57 years old. India is deficient in fodder and

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Arroja, Ricardo, and Pedro J. Camões. "What are policymakers waiting for? How trustworthy government can sooth tax instability and expenditure arrears." Governance 35, no. 2 (2021): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gove.12665.

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Wibisono, D., I. D. Annisa, M. Almanikma, R. A. Wanodya, S. F. Ningtyas, and M. T. Hapsari. "Financial Performance: Pasuruan Regional Revenue and Expenditure in 2018-2023." Finance and Banking Analysis Journal (FIBA Journal) 1, no. 3 (2024): 129–38. https://doi.org/10.33830/fiba.v1i3.10689.2024.

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This research effort aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the fiscal performance of Pasuruan Regency from 2018 to 2023 and to evaluate the efficiency of regional budget management. The results of the decentralization ratio calculation get an average of 20.92% with a sufficient performance. The results of the calculation of the expenditure growth ratio got an average of 3.45% with poor performance. The ratio of operational expenditure to capital expenditure received an average of 65.36% with good performance. The ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure got an average of 13.16%

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Rachma Ayu Wanodya, Danang Wibisono, Ibravita Dwi Annisa, Mayza Almanikma, Surur Fatma Ningtyas, and Mega Tunjung Hapsari. "Kinerja Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Pasuruan Tahun 2018-2023." Jurnal Riset Akuntansi 3, no. 1 (2025): 392–406. https://doi.org/10.54066/jura-itb.v3i1.3108.

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This research effort aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the fiscal performance of Pasuruan Regency from 2018 to 2023 and to evaluate the efficiency of regional budget management. The results of the decentralization ratio calculation get an average of 20.92% with a sufficient performance. The results of the calculation of the expenditure growth ratio got an average of 3.45% with poor performance. The ratio of operational expenditure to capital expenditure received an average of 65.36% with good performance. The ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure got an average of 13.16%

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Kausar, Amna, Farhat Rasul, and Nabila Asghar. "Social Contribution of Agricultural Sector toward green Economy by using Quantile ARDL Model Approach." Journal of Social & Organizational Matters 3, no. 3 (2024): 14–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56976/jsom.v3i3.90.

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A green economy is not only a low carbon economy, that ensures adequate production, resource efficiency but also promotes a socially inclusive economy. This means that the economy employs all resources to remove poverty, confirms the availability of food at low cost and other infrastructural facilities, to improve the lifestyle of the inhabitants. The present study considers key social determinants that impact the progression of a green economy in the agricultural sector. Govt expenditures on agriculture, food availability, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in agriculture, access to energy, and

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Sáez, Lawrence. "The Political Budget Cycle and Subnational Debt Expenditures in Federations: Panel Data Evidence from India." Governance 29, no. 1 (2014): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gove.12130.

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Nurlina, Nurlina. "The effect of government expenditures on Indonesia economic growth." Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura 18, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v18i1.377.

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The debate on the effect of government expenditure on economic growth has still happened in relation to classical groups and Keynesians view. The aim of this study confirms the relationship, with the application of the case in Indonesia. Gov-ernment expenditures are aggregated, while economic growth is measured by gross domestic product. With time series design, the secondary data used covers the period of 2004 to 2013. At first, the data were analyzed descriptive-graphics, while the hypothesis testing using t-test. The results obtained indicate that government spending has a positive and sign

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Helal, A., K. M. Youssef, H. M. El-Shaer, T. A. Gipson, A. L. Goetsch, and A. R. Askar. "Effects of acclimatization on energy expenditure by different goat genotypes." Livestock Science 127, no. 1 (2010): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.08.004.

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Quah, Jon S. T. "Government Budgeting and Expenditure Management: Principles and International Practice. Salvatore Schiavo-Campo. Routledge, New York, 2017. 390 pp. $59.95 (paper)." Governance 31, no. 2 (2018): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gove.12335.

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Abdur, Rahman Aleemi, Ahmed Shuaib, and Tariq Muhammad. "The Determinants Of Savings: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 4, no. 1 (2015): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3458752.

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Economic theory suggests that national savings is an important component of growth in every economy. In developing countries like Pakistan that is performing well in terms of growth, one cannot rule out the fact that savings has got a role to play. The most significant economic relation between present, past and future of any country is described by its savings. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact and relationship between national saving rate and some selected determinants of saving namely inflation, real interest rate, real GDP growth rate and Government current expenditure, by us

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Netherton, Robin. "Nebraska." Journal of Education Human Resources 43, S1 (2025): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.3138/jehr-2024-0068.

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As of 2024, Nebraska’s education funding landscape has improved significantly in the past three years, but Gov. Jim Pillen is asking for even more state funding. Nebraska is currently outperforming the national average and now ranking in the middle range nationally for per-pupil expenditure. Nationally per-pupil expenditures rose 8.9% which is the largest percentage increase in 20 years. The states spending the most topped out at $29,873 for New York, and the bottom of the list was Utah at $9,552. Nebraska was 22nd and has the lowest cost of living index of any of the top half of the states (

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Babu, Md Tasruzzaman, and Dr Morium Akter. "Government Budget and Funding for Public Policies and Programs in Bangladesh." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 05, no. 11 (2022): 3073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v5-i11-15.

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This paper discussed briefly the Composition of Government Budget of Bangladesh of recent years with analyzing the composition of expenditure, explaining the share or ratio of specific policy areas in the expenditure and how the share or ratio of each major policy area got changed in the last 15 years. This paper also investigated the policy areas which were expanded and which got shrunk with explaining their reason of changes. Along with above, this paper summarized various tax sectors in Bangladesh mentioning their size and explaining major changes in tax system.

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Md., Tasruzzaman Babu, and Morium Akter Dr. "Government Budget and Funding for Public Policies and Programs in Bangladesh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 05, no. 11 (2022): 3073–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7315092.

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This paper discussed briefly the Composition of Government Budget of Bangladesh of recent years with analyzing the composition of expenditure, explaining the share or ratio of specific policy areas in the expenditure and how the share or ratio of each major policy area got changed in the last 15 years. This paper also investigated the policy areas which were expanded and which got shrunk with explaining their reason of changes. Along with above, this paper summarized various tax sectors in Bangladesh mentioning their size and explaining major changes in tax system.

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Aijaz, Ahmed. "COMMERCIALIZATION OF HEALTH CARE AND GROWING MEDICAL COST ON HOUSEHOLD: A CHALLENGE FOR HEALTH EQUALITY IN INDIA." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 10, no. 03 (2019): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7108526.

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Health is the basic requirement for socio-economic, political and cultural development of any society. The government wants to make certain effort for enhancing the well-being of the individual. But due to certain reason it becomes unsuccessful. The most predominant reason is the introduction of privatisation which excludes the role of government in every spare. The services which earlier provided by government now its trends become change. Privatizations touch every aspect but among them, the health care got much affected. The main aim of privatization is surplus value. It equates quality wit

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Bashir, Bimal P., R. Thiruppathi Venkatachalapathy, and Subin K. Mohan. "A Study on Annual Expenditure and Income from Goat Farming in Kerala." JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION 29, no. 4 (2018): 5978. http://dx.doi.org/10.26725/jee.2017.4.29.5978-5983.

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Widarjono, Agus, and Sarastri Mumpuni Ruchba. "Demand for Meat in Indonesia: Censored AIDS Model." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 13, no. 2 (2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2021.130209.

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This study estimates the demand for meat in Indonesian urban households encompassing beef, goat, broiler chicken, and native chicken. We estimate the demand for meat using cross-sectional data from the 2013 Indonesian Socio-Economic Household Survey data, which records food expenditure for a week before the survey. Because of some zero expenditure, the Censored Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) using the consistent two-step estimation is applied. The estimated own-price elasticities indicate that all meat products are price-inelastic. Nonetheless, broiler chicken is the most responsive meat pr

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Rusdiana, S., and R. Hutasoit. "Feasibility Study of Financial Economic on Combination Goat Farming and Cacao Farm By Farmers." International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/ijtvbr.v4i1.13807.

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The research was conducted in Sumber Harapan Village, Tinggi Raja District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2016, using field survey methods, questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was obtained from the local Livestock Service Office, primary data sourced from respondents by purposive random sampling, as many as 15 of goat farmer in scale of 3-5 heads / farmers and 10 cocoa farmers. Each farmer has a land area of around 1000 m2 and has 100 cocoa trees, producing around 5.7 to 6.5 kg/tree/ week. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and economic feasibility analysis

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Golovan, V. T. "Calculation of the efficiency of a goat farm when using sprouted grain in feeding young animals." Sheep, goats, wool business, no. 1 (2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2024-1-51-54.

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The article found that the biological usefulness of wheat grain seedlings as feed increases significantly compared to whole grain. The expenditure and revenue parts of the organization of the farm for 30 dairy goats, including the rearing of young animals, have been studied

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Boluwaji, Ojegele, Faith Awosikunde Teniayo, John Adewusi Taiye, Ogechi Egbukichi Elizabeth, Olere Omogbeme Angela, and Olaitan Adeyemi Mariam. "Analysis of consumption expenditure on animal protein among farming households in Osun state, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 1 (2024): 1869–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14801697.

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This study investigated the consumption expenditure on animal protein in Osun State, Nigeria with a view of describing the Socio-economic characteristics of farming households consuming the selected animal protein foods studied. A probability sampling method was employed to randomly pick a sample size comprising 120.0 responders within the designated study area. The data revealed that a majority of household heads were male, with limited formal education, and primarily engaged in agricultural occupations. Data gathered from the participants was subjected to descriptive analysis techniques, inc

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Varadarajan, Poornima, Lopamudra Moharana, and Murugan Venkatesan. "Health Care Expenditure of Rural Households in Pondicherry, India." International Journal of Medical Students 1, no. 2 (2013): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2013.208.

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Background: Shortcomings in healthcare delivery has led people to spend a substantial proportion of their incomes on medical treatment. World Health Organization (2005) estimates reveal that every year 25 million households are forced into poverty by illness and the struggle to pay for healthcare. Thus we planned to calculate the health care expenditure of rural households and to assess the households incurring catastrophic health expenditure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the service area of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital from May to August 2011. A to

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Toye, John, and Carl Jackson. "Public Expenditure Policy and Poverty Reduction: Has the World Bank Got it Right?" IDS Bulletin 27, no. 1 (1996): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27001006.x.

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