Relevant bibliographies by topics / GPRS module / Dissertations / Theses
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GPRS module'

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Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 21 June 2025

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1

Liuxu and Zhang Qishan. "THE DESIGN OF INTERFACE MODULE FOR VENDOR MANAGING SYSTEM BASED ON INTERNET." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605346.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>With the high-speed development of IT, the managing method of the vendor has been changed from the manpower management into the network management .The paper discusses the structure of vendor managing system based on Internet. And it introduces the important constitute part of the system in detail, which is called interface module, including the design scheme of hardware and software.
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2

Prečan, David. "Komunikační zařízení přes GSM/GPRS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218345.

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This master thesis deals with a data remote transmission by means of SMS and GPRS technology. The overview of current solutions is presented and then a remote temperature measurement and a data transmission employing a communication module GSM/GPRS TM1 through GSM network using GPRS technology is described. As a response to an impulse, the communication module sends SMS. The technical solution is described in details including HW and SW design of the data transfer and processing equipment using a ATmega 162 microprocessor. This equipment communicates with a server (PC), which displays the measured temperature. A prototype which was used for a validation of the design is also described.
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Pietrowicz, Daniel. "Návrh vhodných HW a SW komponent pro dálkový přenos dat." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442864.

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This thesis is focused on the design of remote data transmission equipment, without access to mains power. The device will measure the voltage of the gas pipeline and send this information to the operator for processing. Analysis of today's technologies for long-distance transmission and based on the selected technology, the device will be designed. According to selected components, its power supply will be designed with the aim of long-term functionality and continuous operation.
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Famfulík, Lukáš. "Modul pro sledování mobilních objektů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219329.

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The aim of this thesis is to innovate NCL 07 unit made by NAM system a.s. The new device is intended to have improved parameters and diminished dimensions. It should be fully comparable to similar products on market. In the first part there are described features and individual circuits of NCL07 unit. Further there is done an analysis to suggest modifications leading to reduce proportions of DPS and to enhance other parameters including SW design improvement. Theoretical part deals with selection of main measured values and methods of verification of measurement accuracy. There is also described theoretical basis used in the oncoming sections of the thesis. In the practical part there are presented procedures of designs of innovated product. In the conclusion there will be made testing of new unit and results will be compared to competitive commodities.
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Pál, Tamás. "Nízkoenergetický GSM/GPRS modul pro senzorické aplikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220607.

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This project deals with the problematics of self-powered universal GSM/GPRS module which is used for sensorical applications. The first part analyzes features of mobile networks and applying energy from the environment. The second section expalins the various parts and characteristic of their associated components together with some fundamental functions of the technology for possible realization of sensoric module. The third part describes plan for system realisation and fourth parth illustrates achiaved results.
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Rusinský, Jan. "Použití GPRS modulu pro přenos JPG souborů v reálném čase." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218336.

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This document describes a design procedure of interface between VGA camera and GSM/GPRS modem for displaying JPEG pictures captured by camera on website. Interface is realized by eight-bit micricontroller ATMEL with application written in C language. For picture transfer to server a TCP/IP stack is implemented into modem. The document is divided into two main parts. The first part describes architecture of the system, used components (camera, modem, microcontroller) and electronic circuit design. The second part of the document is focused on the software for the system. Firstly operating system of modem is desribed, OpenAT development environment for modem application design and WIPsoft library, which is used to implement TCP/IP stack. Next is described application for microcontroller which controlls camera and modem. Last part of this document describes server application and web interface.
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7

Kaláb, Lukáš. "Palubní počítač s GPS modulem pro motocykl." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220268.

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This thesis describes the design and subsequent construction of a board computer for a motorbike, using a GPS module. Vehicle speed, distance travelled and the motor's rotations (RPM) are among the basic elements that are measured and shown. Furthermore, the mechanism allows one to measure and show the average consumption, the temperature of the surrounding environment as well as the motor's temperature, battery voltage, current time, and, with the help of the GPS module, the current GPS location of the vehicle, including altitude. The vehicle's entire journey can be saved to the memory card for further processing in a PC.
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Plch, Jan. "Aplikace pro editaci map spolupracující s GPS modulem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218225.

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This thesis deals with theoretical design and practical realization of map editing application. The first chapter is focused on theoretical explanation of the most important terms in GPS describing basic principles and position monitoring possibilities. Further is described block scheme of GPS receiver. Next chapter describes NMEA 0183 protocol which is used for data transfer between GPS module and application. At the end of theoretical part is some information about geodetic system WGS-84 and files for trace recording. Application is creating in .NET Compact Framework in C# language. Application is able to load map in image format. Trace from specific file format can be displayed into map. Application can show currently recording trace too. Trace can be divided on segments according to type roads. Weak signal in record trace can be modified by correction methods. At the end of this thesis are instructions to using created application.
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Sedláček, Petr. "Hybridní modul pro průmyslovou lokalizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242196.

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Tato diplomová práce si klade za cíl návrh hybridního lokalizačního zařízení, které je schopno lokalizace uvnitř i vně budov. Lokalizace uvnitř budov je dosažena pomocí technologie Ultra Wideband a venkovní lokalizace je provedena pomocí kombinace technologie RTK GNSS a PPP pomocí open - source softwaru zvaného RTKLIB. První část textu se zaměřuje na vysvětlení používaných technologií a výběr nejpřesnější technologie pro venkovní lokalizaci. Druhá část se zaměřuje ma vývoj potřebného hardware a software finálního zařízení a na integraci systému pro venkovní lokalizaci do systému pro lokalizaci vnitřní. Výstupem práce je plně funkční zařízení, které je schopné plynulé lokalizace uvnitř i vně budov. Funčnost celého zařízení je dokázána na finálních testech uskutečněných ve vnitřních i venkovních prostorách. Na závěr také práce zmiňuje možná vylepšení celého zařízení, která mohou být v budoucnu provedena.
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Žák, Tomáš. "Telemetrie pro RC modely letadel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221147.

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Master‘s thesis is focused on problematic about state of RC plane model during the flight. Device is able to measure overload, height, position, pressure and velocity of the flight and store this measurement data to memory medium. The main aim of the master‘s thesis was to design a functional board, firmware for device and design simple program for evaluating of measured data. Involvement consists of five basic parts. First part is microcontroller, which processes measurement data and communicate with others parts. Next is accelerometer. Accelerometer is used for scanning overload of the plane. Barometer is used for measurement of height and pressure. For measuring position and velocity is used GPS module. Last part is memory medium. MicroSD is used as memory medium for storing measurement data. Evaluation of measured data is realized as simple program with base graphical user interface. Program was created in Matlab.
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Molák, Josef. "Základnová stanice pro agentní platformu WSageNt s využitím GSM modulu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236532.

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This master's thesis describes the software and hardware extension of multiagent platform WSageNt to ensure communication between basestation and web interface Control Panel using GSM network. Sensor node FITmote is used as a basestation and modem Teltonika is used as a interface to GSM. The physical interconnection of the devices implementing the newly created bridge to connect different logic voltage levels of their serial interface. Application for basestation was extended to serial communication with modem. This extend provide communication over GSM network to Internet. Application on control server also was modified for TCP/IP communication.
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Pivnička, Martin. "Uživatelské měřicí moduly pro platformu cRIO." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221294.

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This thesis describes design and manufacture of measuring and communication modules for CompactRIO platform. In the first section is described platform from National Instrument suitable for measurement and control technology. There is written more fact about CompactRIO. The second part is focused on description of the hardware requirements needed to construct the module, communication and working modes. The third part describes information about support programs. At the end of third part is describes practical application of input digital card. Next section consists of practical proposal modules (input / output analog module, GPS modulu) and achievements.
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13

Hellström, Nils. "Fleet Management Services in GSM-modules." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8539.

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<p>This report studies a low cost hardware platform for Fleet Management Services, FMS. The platform manages vehicle data, positioning and wireless communication. The core of the platform is a new kind of ‘intelligent’ GSM modem, called a GSM module. A GSM module is basically a stripped down mobile phone that allows embedded third party application code and has an IP-stack. The report reviews the modules available on the market today and presents experiences from the implementation of a prototype based on the Aplicom A12 module. The main conclusion is that the concept is feasible though the modules' limited performance must be considered in the design.</p>
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Julínek, Pavel. "Měření a modelování pokrytí bezdrátových sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221257.

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The diploma thesis describes mobile communication systems GSM and UMTS including the operating principle of these systems. It also deals with the GPS issues and the determination of the location by this system. The signal path losses issues between the transmitter and receiver are also described. The focus is also put on Telit UC864-G model and the measurement system, operated by the created programme with the graphic user interface, which measures parameters of the cellular network according to entered input parameters and saves the measured values into the file. The part of the diploma thesis describes another created programme with the graphic user interface displaying the measured network parameters in map data with the possibility to compare the distribution of the measured signal value in both outdoor and indoor environment and the theoretical value set by the propagation models.
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15

Jurajda, David. "Modul kombinované globální satelitní navigace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220291.

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The thesis objective is design of methodology focused on accuracy measurement in field of GPS/GLONASS receivers. Text is devided into five main parts. The first one is focused on GNSS technology. Second one deals with used coordinate systems and map projections (ETRS89, WGS84, UTM, Gauss-Krüger). Next part discusses statistical methods. Part four is focused on hardware. Then the final part describes experiment realization and obtained data analysis.
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Smith, Jeffrey Paul. "AirSniffer: A Smartphone-Based Sensor Module for Personal Micro-Climate Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849691/.

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Environmental factors can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and a primary characteristic of environments is air quality. Air sensing equipment is available to the public, but it is often expensive,stationary, or unusable for persons without technical expertise. The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive and portable sensor module for public use. The system is capable of measuring temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, heat index, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. The sensor module, referred to as the "sniffer," consists of a printed circuit board that interconnects a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature/humidity sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a Bluetooth module. The sniffer is small enough to be worn as a pendant or a belt attachment, and it is rugged enough to consistently collect and transmit data to a user's smartphone throughout their workday. The accompanying smartphone app uses Bluetooth and GPS hardware to collect data and affix samples with a time stamp and GPS coordinates. The accumulated sensor data is saved to a file on the user's phone, which is then examined on a standard computer.
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Hort, Marek. "Konstrukce GPS přístroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218691.

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Aim of this Diploma thesis was to create a device capable of receiving navigational data from GPS. These data are subsequently stored in fixed memory and after connection with the PC are displayed it on the satellite map. The device was realized by using FPGA and GPS module LEA-5s. Description was created in the VHDL language, which was implemented into the circuit. The part of VHDL design was description of PICOBLAZE processor that controls whole system. For displaying and archiving data stored in device was created PC application GPS TRACER. It is able to display stored trace on the satellite map by using Google maps server. For created device were designed and manufactured PCBs, which were manually fitted.
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18

Zhou, Xujia, and Eduardo Flora. "Comparison of Performance and Power Consumption Between GPS and Sigfox Positioning Using Pycom Modules." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18297.

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Sigfox is one of the newly-emerging LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technologies aiming to provide power-efficient solutions to the world of IoT. This study presents a comparison between Sigfox Geolocation and GPS (Global Positioning System) in terms of power consumption and performance which includes three metrics: accuracy and precision, response rate and response time. This study includes for the first part a series of lab tests where Sigfox Geolocation and GPS were studied in a single Sleep, Wake up, Idle, Tx/Rx cycle. For the second part, field tests with different geographical parameters (altitude, population, mobility) were conducted. Results of lab tests show that power consumption difference between Sigfox and GPS is a linear function of Idle time. In field tests, GPS presents a far superior performance than Sigfox in all metrics and marginally better power efficiency for relatively short Idle interval. For both GPS and Sigfox, a correlation between power efficiency and performance was observed. Results show that GPS operates best in rural environments while Sigfox stands out in urban ones. Payload size was observed to affect Sigfox in both power consumption and performance while different transmission rates only affect power consumption but do not seem to impact the other metrics. A solution based on the outcome of this study is suggested for a freight-monitoring system where geolocation is handled by GPS and the coordinates transmitted via Sigfox. As an emerging technology under constant development, Sigfox Geolocation is expected to have improved performance in the near future.
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Dettmering, Denise. "Die Nutzung des GPS zur dreidimensionalen Ionosphärenmodellierung." Stuttgart : IAGB, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96846095X.

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Koopman, Fred Andrew. "An assessment of the perception and practices of general practitioners (GPs) in Cape Town regarding problem drinking amongst their patients." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_7441_1180442576.

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<p>Since the anecdotal assumption is that GPs do not effectively diagnose and manage problem drinking amongst their patients, this study investigated the role of GPs in addressing problem drinking in Cape Town as well as the prevalence of problem drinking amongst their patients.</p>
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Ludvíček, Pavel. "Pokročilé metody řízení trajektorie modelu stanice v prostředí OPNET Modeler." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219354.

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The aim of this work is to study and theoretically process existing movement options of station in OPNET Modeler environment. These options are described in first part. Furthermore to design and implement function to display path obtained from real-world conditions and done to station following this route during simulation. Coordinates used to move station are obtained by GPX format, which is used to store clearly the GPS coordinates. Second part is devoted to describing creation of this function, first using PHP script, then direct implementation into OPNET Modeler environment using C++.
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Hafidhi, Mohamed Mourad. "Un circuit de réception GPS tolérant aux erreurs de l’électronique." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS458/document.

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La réduction de la taille des transistors et des tensions d’alimentations permettent de concevoir des circuits intégrés de plus en plus complexes. Cependant, en abordant les limites de l’intégration des transistors et en fleuretant avec les tensions d’alimentation minimale, la fiabilité des circuits n’est plus garantie : des erreurs dues aux perturbations environnementales peuvent apparaitre. L’apparition de ces erreurs affectent le comportement du circuit et peuvent, par intermittence ou de façon permanente, le rendre inapte à rendre le service pour lequel il a été conçu. Par conséquent, il est de plus en plus important de considérer les effets de ces erreurs dans la conception des futurs circuits. L’objectif de la thèse est de traiter la fiabilité des systèmes numériques et d’introduire de nouvelles techniques de tolérance aux pannes permettant de construire des applications de traitement de signal fiables sur un électronique peu fiable. Un exemple d’application a été considéré durant la thèse : les modules de poursuite dans un récepteur GPS. Ces modules contiennent un ensemble d’applications de traitement de signal avec des exigences de fiabilité différentes : fonction de corrélation, boucles de rétroactions, machines d’états, générateurs de codes et de porteuses. À partir d’une version standard d’un récepteur GPS, des mécanismes de redondance ont été proposés et ajoutés pour concevoir un récepteur GPS plus tolérant aux erreurs. Un circuit intégré (ASIC) sera conçu en utilisant une technologie 28 nm pour valider les performances de ces techniques et faire les tests de mesures de consommation d’énergie. Au cours de la thèse, une plate-forme d’émulation a été conçue pour préparer l’environnement expérimental à utiliser une fois l’ASIC fondu<br>There is continual motivation to scale down transistors size and to reduce the supply voltage of the circuits. However, by approaching the limits of transistor scaling and operating at a minimal supply voltage, circuit reliability has emerged as a critical concern. Circuits become more and more susceptible to errors due to Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT) variations. Occurrence of errors can affect the behavior of circuits and generate a permanent system failure. Therefore, it is increasingly important to deal with errors effects in order to keep future devices working properly. The objective of the thesis is to address the reliability in digital systems and introduce new fault tolerant techniques to perform reliable signal processing applications on unreliable hardware. An example of application has been considered in the thesis: the tracking process of GPS receivers. It contains a very interesting set of different signal processing problem with different requirements of reliability: Correlation process, tracking loops (recursive operations), state machine, Gold and carrier generators. Starting from a noiseless GPS receiver, redundant mechanisms have been proposed and added to design a more resilient GPS receiver tolerant to errors. An Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) will be designed, based on thesis results, using the 28 nm technology to validate the performances of the proposed techniques performances. During the thesis, an emulation platform was designed to prepare the experimental environment for the ASIC
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Moroney, Gerard. "Utveckling av en ny modul i WM-datas arbetsorderhanteringssystem för registrering av snöröjning respektive sandning." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2865.

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WM-data tillhandahåller en lösning för mobil arbetsorderhantering. Lösningen innehåller planeringsverktyg med ärenden, personal och karta och möjlighet att leverera arbetsorder till fältpersonal. Den innehåller dessutom handhållna mobilenheter, vilka fältpersonalen använder för att ta emot aktuella arbetsorder.Vissa kunder önskar ytterligare en modul i denna mobila lösning. Den nya modulen skall användas för att kontinuerligt rapportera in genomförda åtgärder i snöröjningssammanhang.Detta examensarbete går ut på att utveckla den här modulen för att registrera snöröjning respektive sandning. Applikationen exekveras på en PDA, en så kallad Pocket PC med Windows Mobile 5.0. Anledningen till att just Windows Mobile 5.0 skall användas är att detta operativsystem har inbyggt stöd för GPS-positionering. Ett önskemål av WM-data var att detta inbyggda stöd skulle undersökas, rapporteras och användas i applikationen.Resultatet blev en applikation där man via en Pocket PC kontinuerligt sparar undan fordons GPS-position, arbetsåtgärd samt tidpunkterna när GPS-positionerna togs. Denna information är sedan anpassad för att kunna skickas vidare via GPRS till en befintlig databasserver under vissa tidsintervaller.Applikationen utvecklades med hjälp av programmeringsspråket C Sharp (C#) i Visual Studio 2005.
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Santos, Paulo Carlos Ferreira dos. "Extração de informações de desempenho em GPUs NVIDIA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-02042013-090806/.

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O recente crescimento da utilização de Unidades de Processamento Gráfico (GPUs) em aplicações científicas, que são voltadas ao desempenho, gerou a necessidade de otimizar os programas que nelas rodam. Uma ferramenta adequada para essa tarefa é o modelo de desempenho que, por sua vez, se beneficia da existência de uma ferramenta de extração de informações de desempenho para GPUs. Este trabalho cobre a criação de um gerador de microbenchmark para instruções PTX que também obtém informações sobre as características do hardware da GPU. Os resultados obtidos com o microbenchmark foram validados através de um modelo simplificado que obteve erros entre 6,11% e 16,32% em cinco kernels de teste. Também foram levantados os fatores de imprecisão nos resultados do microbenchmark. Utilizamos a ferramenta para analisar o perfil de desempenho das instruções e identificar grupos de comportamentos semelhantes. Também testamos a dependência do desempenho do pipeline da GPU em função da sequência de instruções executada e verificamos a otimização do compilador para esse caso. Ao fim deste trabalho concluímos que a utilização de microbenchmarks com instruções PTX é factível e se mostrou eficaz para a construção de modelos e análise detalhada do comportamento das instruções.<br>The recent growth in the use of tailored for performance Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) in scientific applications, generated the need to optimize GPU targeted programs. Performance models are the suitable tools for this task and they benefits from existing GPUs performance information extraction tools. This work covers the creation of a microbenchmark generator using PTX instructions and it also retrieves information about the GPU hardware characteristics. The microbenchmark results were validated using a simplified model with errors rates between 6.11% and 16.32% under five diferent GPU kernels. We also explain the imprecision factors present in the microbenchmark results. This tool was used to analyze the instructions performance profile, identifying groups with similar behavior. We also evaluated the corelation of the GPU pipeline performance and instructions execution sequence. Compiler optimization capabilities for this case were also verified. We concluded that the use of microbenchmarks with PTX instructions is a feasible approach and an efective way to build performance models and to generate detailed analysis of the instructions\' behavior.
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Jarrín, Tamayo Paúl. "Cinématique actuelle dans les Andes du Nord par GPS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS334.pdf.

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La région des Andes du Nord est un domaine continental situé à l'extrême nord-ouest de la plaque sud-américaine. Cette région, longue de ~2200 km et large de 300 à 1000 km, est un laboratoire naturel pour l'étude du partitionnement de la déformation, du cycle sismique, et de la collision des domaines continentaux. La convergence rapide et oblique de la plaque Nazca sous l'Amérique du sud induit (1) une déformation élastique associée au blocage partiel de l'interface de subduction le long de la marge équatoriano-colombienne et (2) une contrainte de cisaillement à long-terme, qui se traduit par un mouvement de translation du Sliver Nord Andin (NAS) vers le nord-est par rapport à la plaque Sud-Amérique. De plus, la convergence du NAS produit également une diversité de la sismicité interplaque et intraplaque, observée depuis la fin du 19ème siècle. Par ailleurs, la collision vers l'est du bloc Panama et la subduction de la plaque Caraïbe induisent des déformations qui dominent la cinématique dans la partie nord du NAS. Les techniques de géodésie spatiale, en particulier les mesures par GPS/GNSS, permettent de quantifier les mouvements à la surface terrestre avec une précision millimétrique. L'intégration de ces mesures avec des modèles élastiques nous permet d'apporter des informations sur la cinématique et sur le niveau de couplage inter-sismique le long de l'interface de subduction. Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la phase inter-sismique du cycle sismique avec un intérêt particulier pour la déformation continentale autour et au sein du NAS. L'objectif est d'affiner la cinématique de la plaque Nazca et du Sliver Nord Andin. Pour cela, les mesures GPS acquises par divers instituts de recherche et la collaboration Franco-équatorien (projets ADN et S5, Laboratoire Mixte International SVAN), entre 1994.0 et 2019.9 sont utilisées pour dériver un nouveau champ de vitesse horizontale à l'échelle continentale. L'analyse et la modélisation de ce champ de vitesse sont centrées sur deux axes principaux qui conduisent à la construction du premier modèle cinématique de blocs élastiques pour le NAS et les régions voisines. Ce modèle résout simultanément les rotations rigides des blocs et la distribution de couplage inter-sismique sur les interfaces de subduction, fournissant des taux de glissement des failles crustales cohérents avec la cinématique dérivée. En ce qui concerne la plaque océanique Nazca, nous proposons un nouveau pôle d'Euler qui décrit son mouvement actuel par rapport à l'Amérique du sud. Ce pôle a été estimé à partir de 5 sites GPS continus qui couvrent la quasi-totalité de la plaque. Notre analyse montre que les données sont compatibles avec la cinématique d'une seule plaque rigide (wrms = 0.6 mm/an). Notre pôle prédit un taux de convergence maximal de 65.5 ± 0.8 mm/an à la latitude ~30°S le long de la fosse chilienne, qui diminue à 50.8 ± 0.7 mm/an au nord de la Colombie, et à 64.5 ± 0.9 mm/an au sud du Chili. Cette étude révèle aussi que la composante est de la vitesse à l'île de Robinson Crusoé (latitude ~33.6°S) est ~4 à 5 mm/an plus rapide que le mouvement général de la plaque, en raison de la relaxation visco-élastique à la suite du séisme de Maule au Chili de magnitude Mw 8.8 en 2010. Le modèle cinématique obtenu pour les Andes du Nord confirme que les mouvements relatifs entre les plaques Nazca/SOAM et Caraïbes/SOAM ne sont pas accommodés sur le continent par un seul système de failles. Nous mettons en évidence une déformation interne de 2-4 mm/an, localisée sur des failles secondaires actives (les systèmes de failles Oca-Ancon, Santa Martha-Bucarmanga, Romeral et Latacunga-Quito-El Angel). Ces failles limitent des blocs tectoniques et définissent la rotation de 6 blocs. La limite orientale du NAS est définie par un système transpressif latéral dextre qui accommode 5 à 17 mm/an. Notre modèle quantifie l'ordre de grandeur des mouvements accommodés par la collision du bloc Panama avec le NAS sur des [...]<br>The Northern Andes is a continental domain located at the northwestern edge of the South American Plate. This ~2200 km long and 300 to 1000 km wide region defines a natural laboratory for various studies of divers processes, including deformation partitioning, inter-seismic coupling, and continental collision. The oblique and fast convergence of the Nazca plate beneath South America induces (1) elastic deformation induced by spatially variable locking at the subduction interface along the Equatorian-Colombian margin and (2) long-term shear stress, which results in a translation-like motion of the North Andean Sliver (NAS) towards northeast with respect to the South American plate. Furthermore, Nazca plate convergence also produces a diversity of interplate and intraplate seismicity, which has been observed since the 19th century. In the northwestern Andes, eastward collision of the Panama block against the NAS and the Caribbean subduction induce deformation that dominates the kinematics at the northern part of the NAS. Spatial geodesy techniques, in particular GPS/GNSS measurements, make it possible to quantify movements on the earth's surface with millimeter accuracy. The integration of these measurements with elastic models allows us to provide information about the kinematics and the inter-seismic coupling distribution at the subduction interface. This thesis focuses on studying the inter-seismic phase of the seismic cycle with a particular interest in the continental deformation along and within the NAS. The aim is to improve the kinematic models for the Nazca plate and the North Andean Sliver. For that, GPS measurements collected by several research institutes and the Franco-Ecuadorian collaboration (ADN &amp; S5 projects, SVAN International Joint Laboratory), between 1994.0 and 2019.9 are used to derive a new and more refined horizontal velocity field at the continental scale. The analysis and modeling of this velocity field is centered on two main axes allowing to build the first kinematic elastic block model for the NAS and neighboring regions. This model simultaneously solves for rigid block rotations and spatially variable coupling at the subduction interfaces, providing crustal fault slip rates consistent with the derived kinematics. First, we propose a new Euler pole that describes the current motion of the Nazca plate with respect to South America. This pole is estimated from continuous measurements at 5 GPS sites, spatially sampling the entire plate. Our results show that GPS data are compatible with the kinematics of a single rigid plate (wrms = 0.6 mm/yr). Our pole predicts a maximum convergence rate at 65.5 ± 0.8 mm/yr at latitude ~30°S along the Chile trench, decreasing to 50.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr in northern Colombia, and 64.5 ± 0.9 mm/yr in southern Chile. A second-order result for the Nazca plate is that the velocity east component of Robinson Crusoe Island (latitude ~33.6°S) is ~4-5 mm/yr faster than the overall motion of the plate, which is induced by the visco-elastic relaxation following the Maule Mw 8.8 2010 earthquake in Chili. Secondly, our kinematic model for the northern Andes confirms that the Nazca/SOAM and Caribbean/SOAM relative motions are not accommodated inland by a single fault system. We find internal deformation at 2-4 mm/yr accommodated on active secondary faults (the Oca-Ancon, Santa Martha-Bucaramanga, Romeral, and Latacunga-Quito-El Angel faults). These faults bound tectonic blocks and define the rotation of 6 blocks. The NAS eastern boundary is found to be a right-lateral transpressive system accommodating 5 to 17 mm/yr of motion. Our model also quantifies the motion accommodated by the Panama block with respect to the NAS on active structures that we propose as new boundaries for these two continental domains. Relative motions take place at 6 mm/yr along the Uramita fault and 15 mm/yr in the Eastern Panama Deformed Zone. We also note that ~1 cm/yr of the Panama motion is transferred […]
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26

Macias-Valadez, Daniel. "Détermination d'un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité troposphérique à partir d'un réseau de récepteurs GPS au sol." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24015/24015.pdf.

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Le délai troposphérique subi par les signaux GPS entre les satellites et le récepteur affecte la précision du positionnement mais contient aussi de l'information utile sur l'état de la troposphère. Le délai troposphérique consiste en une composante hydrostatique et une composante humide qu'il est possible de séparer. Avec un réseau permanent de récepteurs GPS, où la position des sites est connue avec précision, et en utilisant l'information sur les délais en pente humides (SWD, de l'anglais Slant Wet Delays) estimés entre chaque station et tous les satellites visibles, il est possible de dresser un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité humide au-dessus du réseau. La présente recherche porte sur l'utilisation de fonctions en séries de Taylor en trois dimensions afin de modéliser la réfractivité humide. Un réseau permanent de 43 stations en Suisse a été utilisé afin d'estimer en post-traitement les SWD et de les utiliser comme données d'entrée au modèle de la réfractivité humide proposé. Cette modélisation permet de calculer les délais troposphériques zénithaux humides en tout point à l'intérieur du réseau pour que d'autres récepteurs GPS qui ne font pas partie du réseau puissent corriger l'effet troposphérique. Une comparaison des résultats a été effectuée par rapport à l'utilisation traditionnelle d'une atmosphère standard et un facteur d'amélioration moyen de 30\% a été atteint. D'autre part, des données météorologiques recueillies dans des stations indépendantes du réseau GPS ont été utilisées afin de valider les valeurs de réfractivité humides calculées par le modèle. La concordance entre ces valeurs et celles de validation est à 2 unités près en moyenne.<br>Le délai troposphérique subi par les signaux GPS entre les satellites et le récepteur affecte la précision du positionnement mais contient aussi de l'information utile sur l'état de la troposphère. Le délai troposphérique consiste en une composante hydrostatique et une composante humide qu'il est possible de séparer. Avec un réseau permanent de récepteurs GPS, où la position des sites est connue avec précision, et en utilisant l'information sur les délais en pente humides (SWD, de l'anglais Slant Wet Delays) estimés entre chaque station et tous les satellites visibles, il est possible de dresser un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité humide au-dessus du réseau. La présente recherche porte sur l'utilisation de fonctions en séries de Taylor en trois dimensions afin de modéliser la réfractivité humide. Un réseau permanent de 43 stations en Suisse a été utilisé afin d'estimer en post-traitement les SWD et de les utiliser comme données d'entrée au modèle de la réfractivité humide proposé. Cette modélisation permet de calculer les délais troposphériques zénithaux humides en tout point à l'intérieur du réseau pour que d'autres récepteurs GPS qui ne font pas partie du réseau puissent corriger l'effet troposphérique. Une comparaison des résultats a été effectuée par rapport à l'utilisation traditionnelle d'une atmosphère standard et un facteur d'amélioration moyen de 30\% a été atteint. D'autre part, des données météorologiques recueillies dans des stations indépendantes du réseau GPS ont été utilisées afin de valider les valeurs de réfractivité humides calculées par le modèle. La concordance entre ces valeurs et celles de validation est à 2 unités près en moyenne.
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27

Macias-Valadez, Daniel, and Daniel Macias-Valadez. "Détermination d'un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité troposphérique à partir d'un réseau de récepteurs GPS au sol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18874.

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Le délai troposphérique subi par les signaux GPS entre les satellites et le récepteur affecte la précision du positionnement mais contient aussi de l'information utile sur l'état de la troposphère. Le délai troposphérique consiste en une composante hydrostatique et une composante humide qu'il est possible de séparer. Avec un réseau permanent de récepteurs GPS, où la position des sites est connue avec précision, et en utilisant l'information sur les délais en pente humides (SWD, de l'anglais Slant Wet Delays) estimés entre chaque station et tous les satellites visibles, il est possible de dresser un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité humide au-dessus du réseau. La présente recherche porte sur l'utilisation de fonctions en séries de Taylor en trois dimensions afin de modéliser la réfractivité humide. Un réseau permanent de 43 stations en Suisse a été utilisé afin d'estimer en post-traitement les SWD et de les utiliser comme données d'entrée au modèle de la réfractivité humide proposé. Cette modélisation permet de calculer les délais troposphériques zénithaux humides en tout point à l'intérieur du réseau pour que d'autres récepteurs GPS qui ne font pas partie du réseau puissent corriger l'effet troposphérique. Une comparaison des résultats a été effectuée par rapport à l'utilisation traditionnelle d'une atmosphère standard et un facteur d'amélioration moyen de 30\% a été atteint. D'autre part, des données météorologiques recueillies dans des stations indépendantes du réseau GPS ont été utilisées afin de valider les valeurs de réfractivité humides calculées par le modèle. La concordance entre ces valeurs et celles de validation est à 2 unités près en moyenne.<br>Le délai troposphérique subi par les signaux GPS entre les satellites et le récepteur affecte la précision du positionnement mais contient aussi de l'information utile sur l'état de la troposphère. Le délai troposphérique consiste en une composante hydrostatique et une composante humide qu'il est possible de séparer. Avec un réseau permanent de récepteurs GPS, où la position des sites est connue avec précision, et en utilisant l'information sur les délais en pente humides (SWD, de l'anglais Slant Wet Delays) estimés entre chaque station et tous les satellites visibles, il est possible de dresser un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité humide au-dessus du réseau. La présente recherche porte sur l'utilisation de fonctions en séries de Taylor en trois dimensions afin de modéliser la réfractivité humide. Un réseau permanent de 43 stations en Suisse a été utilisé afin d'estimer en post-traitement les SWD et de les utiliser comme données d'entrée au modèle de la réfractivité humide proposé. Cette modélisation permet de calculer les délais troposphériques zénithaux humides en tout point à l'intérieur du réseau pour que d'autres récepteurs GPS qui ne font pas partie du réseau puissent corriger l'effet troposphérique. Une comparaison des résultats a été effectuée par rapport à l'utilisation traditionnelle d'une atmosphère standard et un facteur d'amélioration moyen de 30\% a été atteint. D'autre part, des données météorologiques recueillies dans des stations indépendantes du réseau GPS ont été utilisées afin de valider les valeurs de réfractivité humides calculées par le modèle. La concordance entre ces valeurs et celles de validation est à 2 unités près en moyenne.<br>Le délai troposphérique subi par les signaux GPS entre les satellites et le récepteur affecte la précision du positionnement mais contient aussi de l'information utile sur l'état de la troposphère. Le délai troposphérique consiste en une composante hydrostatique et une composante humide qu'il est possible de séparer. Avec un réseau permanent de récepteurs GPS, où la position des sites est connue avec précision, et en utilisant l'information sur les délais en pente humides (SWD, de l'anglais Slant Wet Delays) estimés entre chaque station et tous les satellites visibles, il est possible de dresser un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité humide au-dessus du réseau. La présente recherche porte sur l'utilisation de fonctions en séries de Taylor en trois dimensions afin de modéliser la réfractivité humide. Un réseau permanent de 43 stations en Suisse a été utilisé afin d'estimer en post-traitement les SWD et de les utiliser comme données d'entrée au modèle de la réfractivité humide proposé. Cette modélisation permet de calculer les délais troposphériques zénithaux humides en tout point à l'intérieur du réseau pour que d'autres récepteurs GPS qui ne font pas partie du réseau puissent corriger l'effet troposphérique. Une comparaison des résultats a été effectuée par rapport à l'utilisation traditionnelle d'une atmosphère standard et un facteur d'amélioration moyen de 30\% a été atteint. D'autre part, des données météorologiques recueillies dans des stations indépendantes du réseau GPS ont été utilisées afin de valider les valeurs de réfractivité humides calculées par le modèle. La concordance entre ces valeurs et celles de validation est à 2 unités près en moyenne.<br>Le délai troposphérique subi par les signaux GPS entre les satellites et le récepteur affecte la précision du positionnement mais contient aussi de l'information utile sur l'état de la troposphère. Le délai troposphérique consiste en une composante hydrostatique et une composante humide qu'il est possible de séparer. Avec un réseau permanent de récepteurs GPS, où la position des sites est connue avec précision, et en utilisant l'information sur les délais en pente humides (SWD, de l'anglais Slant Wet Delays) estimés entre chaque station et tous les satellites visibles, il est possible de dresser un modèle en trois dimensions de la réfractivité humide au-dessus du réseau. La présente recherche porte sur l'utilisation de fonctions en séries de Taylor en trois dimensions afin de modéliser la réfractivité humide. Un réseau permanent de 43 stations en Suisse a été utilisé afin d'estimer en post-traitement les SWD et de les utiliser comme données d'entrée au modèle de la réfractivité humide proposé. Cette modélisation permet de calculer les délais troposphériques zénithaux humides en tout point à l'intérieur du réseau pour que d'autres récepteurs GPS qui ne font pas partie du réseau puissent corriger l'effet troposphérique. Une comparaison des résultats a été effectuée par rapport à l'utilisation traditionnelle d'une atmosphère standard et un facteur d'amélioration moyen de 30\% a été atteint. D'autre part, des données météorologiques recueillies dans des stations indépendantes du réseau GPS ont été utilisées afin de valider les valeurs de réfractivité humides calculées par le modèle. La concordance entre ces valeurs et celles de validation est à 2 unités près en moyenne.
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28

Veronez, Maurício Roberto. "Proposta de um modelo regional para a redução do efeito sistemático da ionosfera através do método seqüencial de ajustamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-28092015-095816/.

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O posicionamento de pontos, com o sistema GPS, tornou-se uma ferramenta importante, aplicável nas mais diferentes áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, em algumas situações, a exigência de elevadas precisões trouxe a inconveniência de um custo elevado na aquisição de receptores de dupla freqüência. Mesmo com os avanços tecnológicos, a ionosfera é uma das fontes de erro que mais afetam o posicionamento de pontos. Para os usuários que possuem equipamentos de dupla freqüência, este erro é modelado com grande eficiência através do processamento de dados com solução iono free. No Brasil, a maioria dos usuários possui equipamentos que captam informações apenas do código C/A e/ou código C/A e portadora L1. Neste caso faz-se uso de alguns modelos, como, por exemplo, o de Klobuchar, com redução do erro nos posicionamentos absolutos de, aproximadamente, 50%. Nos posicionamentos relativos, com bases superiores a 20 Km, a utilização deste modelo não é a mais indicada. Neste contexto, este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um método que possibilite modelar o atraso ionosférico através de um polinômio do segundo grau, baseado no ajustamento seqüencial de observações. As informações necessárias para esta modelagem são advindas das estações GPS da Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo. Isto possibilita, em posicionamentos absolutos, determinar o atraso ionosférico de uma forma mais eficiente que o obtido pelo modelo de Klobuchar. Em posicionamentos relativos, para os usuários de equipamentos de simples freqüência, tal modelagem permite a geração de um código com características semelhantes ao código P2. Assim, com os dados gerados por receptores de uma freqüência, é possível processar vetores de bases longas por meio da solução iono free code. Os resultados obtidos indicam que tal metodologia pode ser uma alternativa eficiente para minimizar o efeito ionosférico no posicionamento de pontos com o sistema GPS. Horizontalmente, através dos métodos de posicionamento Single Point e relativo, respectivamente, o modelo ionosférico proposto proporcionou uma melhoria de 39% e 26% se comparado com o modelo de Klobuchar.<br>Point positioning, with GPS, became an important tool applicable to the most different areas of the knowledge. However, in some situations, the requirement of high precisions brought the inconvenience of a high cost in the acquisition of dual receivers frequency. Despite of the technological advances, the ionosphere is one of the error sources that affect most point positioning. For users who have dual equipment frequency, this error is modeled with great efficiency through data processing with the ionosphere free solution. In Brazil the majority of the users has equipments that process C/A code information only and/or C/A code and L1 carrier. In this case it is necessary to use some models, for example the Klobuchar model, with error reduction of approximately 50% in absolute point positioning. In the relative positioning, with baselines longer than 20 Km, the use of this model is not indicated. Thus, this work consists in developing a method that makes possible to model the ionospheric delay using a second degree polynomial, based on sequential adjustment of observations. The necessary information for this modeling is obtained from GPS stations that compose the RBMC (Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of GPS). Thus it is possible to determine the ionospheric delay in a more efficient way in absolute positioning than when using the Klobuchar model. In relative positioning, for single frequency users, such modeling allows the generation of a code, with similar characteristics to the P2 code. Hence, with data generated by single frequencies, it is possible to process long base line vectors, using the iono free code solution. The results obtained indicate that such methodology can be an efficient alternative to minimize the ionospheric effect in the GPS point positioning. Horizontally, through the methods of positioning Single Point and relative, respectively, the ionospheric model considered provided an improvement of 39% and 26% if compared with the Klobuchar model.
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29

Habart, Lukáš. "Využití moderních kamerových systémů při analýze silničních nehod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232761.

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Diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of using video records in analysis road accidents. There are described static and dynamic camera systems. There are also explained the principles of functioning digital cameras and other related terms and associated principles. In this thesis there are compared several types of dynamic cameras, desribed analysis an evaluation procedure. Part of this thesis is to describe the legal issues of recording.
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30

Cappelle, Cindy. "Localisation de véhicules et détection d'obstacles : apport d'un modèle virtuel 3D urbain." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10119/document.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'apport d'un modèle virtuel 3D urbain pour l'égo-localisation de véhicules intelligents ainsi que la détection et la localisation d'obstacles. La localisation du véhicule s'appuie sur plusieurs sources d'information: un GPS, des capteurs proprioceptifs (odométres et gyromètre), une caméra et un modèle virtuel 3D de l'environnement. Les capteurs proprioceptifs permettent d'obtenir une estimation quasi continue de la pose relative du véhicule. Cette estimation de la pose est recalée par des mesures GPS lorsque celles-ci sont disponibles. Afin de palier la dérive de la localisation à l'estime lors de longues indisponibilités des informations GPS, on construit une observation cartographique 3D. Celle-ci est basée sur le recalage entre le modèle virtuel 3D urbain et les images acquises par la caméra. Des travaux expérimentaux illustrent l'approche développée. Par ailleurs, l'apport d'un modèle virtuel 3D urbain est également étudié pour la détection et la localisation des obstacles. Une fois localisé dans le modèle 3D, les obstacles de l'infrastructure tels que les bâtiments sont connus et localisés. Pour détecter les obstacles n'appartenant pas à l'infrastructure (véhicules, piétons ... ), on compare l'image réelle et l'image virtuelle en considérant que ce type d'obstacles est présent dans l'image réelle mais absent de l'image virtuelle. A partir de l'information de profondeur disponible grâce au modèle 3D, les obstacles détectés sont ensuite géolocalisés. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus sont comparés et validés grâce à un télémètre laser<br>This thesis deals with ego-Iocalization of intelligent vehicles and obstacles detection with virtual 3D city mode!. Vehicle localization uses several sources of infonnation : a GPS receiver, proprioceptive sensors (odometers and gyrometer), a video camera and a virtual 3D city mode!. The proprioceptive sensors allow to continuously estimate the dead-reckoning position and orientation of the vehicle. This dead-reckoning estimation of the pose is corrected by GPS measurements. Moreover, a 3D geographical observation is constructed to compensate the drift of the dead-reckoning localisation when GPS measurements are unavailable for a long time. The 3D geographical observation is based on the matching between the virtual 3D city model and the images acquired by the camera. Experimental results iIlustrate the developed approach. Moreover, the contribution of a virtual 3D city model is also studied for the detection and the localization of obstacles. Once the vehicle is localized in the 3D model, the obstacles of the infrastructure like buildings are known and localized. ln order to detect the other obstacles as vehicles, pedestrians, ... the real image acquired by the camera and the virtual image extracted from the virtual 3D model are compared, by considering that this kind of obstacles are in the real image but are absent from the virtual image. With the detph information available from the 3D model, the detccted obstacle are then localized. Experimental results are compared with Lidar measurements
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31

Zuehlke, Kai M. "Impossibility of Transit in Atlanta: GPS-Enabled Revealed-Drive Preferences and Modeled Transit Alternatives for Commute Atlanta Participants." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19788.

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32

Loukil, Rami. "Conception et mise en oeuvre de module de contrôle de puissance et de génération de bruit pour conditionner les signaux RF d'un simulateur de constellation GPS et Galileo." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/307/1/LOUKIL_Rami.pdf.

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La radionavigation par satellite a reçu beaucoup d’intérêt pendant le 21e siècle. Les avènements les plus importants dans ce secteur sont le nouveau système de positionnement par satellite de l’Union européenne baptisé Galileo et la modernisation du système américain GPS (Global Positionning System). Le regroupement de ces différents systèmes sous l’acronyme GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) permettrait une fiabilité et un positionnement d’une très grande précision. Cette tendance pousse les industries à concevoir des récepteurs capables de gérer ce nombre croissant de signaux. Ces nouveaux produits nécessitent des procédures de validation avant même que le système européen Galileo ne soit opérationnel. Dans ce contexte, le laboratoire LACIME développe un simulateur de signaux GPS et Galileo. Le présent mémoire traitera les différentes parties de ce simulateur ainsi qu’une étude détaillée la conception d’un système de contrôle de puissance des signaux piloté par logiciel ainsi qu’un système de contrôle du ratio C/N0 (Carrier to Noise Ratio). Le système de contrôle de puissance a été développé afin d’offrir une précision de l’ordre de 0.1 dB sur une plage de 40 dB pour les signaux « GPS L1, Galileo E1 » à la fréquence de 1575.42 MHz, « GPS L5, Galileo E5a » à la fréquence 1176.45 MHz et le signal Galileo E5b à la fréquence 1207.14 MHz. Le système de contrôle de puissance a été mis en oeuvre par l’élaboration d’une carte à circuit imprimé et d’une communication bidirectionnelle avec le logiciel qui permet une gérance totale du système. L’architecture implémentée a été judicieusement étudiée afin de permettre une flexibilité et une extensibilité du système. Elle permet d’exécuter plusieurs modes de contrôle à savoir « contrôle de gain », « contrôle automatique de puissance », « calibration de puissance » et « variation de la puissance dans le temps ». Le système de contrôle de puissance a été testé et validé pour donner une précision inférieure à 0.1 dB sur 40 dB pour les deux modes de fonctionnement de base (contrôle de gain et contrôle automatique de puissance). Les deux autres modes découlent de ces derniers pour donner plus d’options à l’utilisateur du simulateur GPS et Galileo. Afin de donner à l’utilisateur une maîtrise totale de la qualité des signaux, un générateur de bruit blanc gaussien a été mis en oeuvre. Il permet, en combinaison avec le système de contrôle de puissance, de contrôler le ratio C/N0. Une étude sur les méthodes de génération d’un tel bruit blanc a été faite. Le choix s’est établit sur une implémentation numérique au sein du FPGA qui présente une flexibilité et une complexité moindre par rapport à une approche analogique. Le générateur de bruit blanc a été développé par la méthode Box- Muller qui présente beaucoup d’avantages dans le cas d’une implémentation numérique. Son architecture a été optimisée pour rejoindre les contraintes des ressources matérielles du FPGA. Le bruit blanc gaussien est combiné aux signaux en analogique et sa puissance est contrôlable par le biais de la partie logicielle. Il a été testé et validé par un récepteur commercial et un récepteur développé au sein de l’école. L’augmentation linéaire du niveau du bruit dégrade la qualité des signaux et le rapport C/N0 diminue linéairement dans les deux récepteurs de test.
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33

Marques, Artur Pantoja. "Proposta de um programa de gestão de qualidade para uma empresa genérica de posicionamentos com GPS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-10022009-124605/.

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Este trabalho trata da proposta de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade para uma empresa genérica prestadora de serviços de posicionamento com o GPS, como alternativa para melhorar a gestão da organização e garantir a qualidade de seus serviços e produtos. O aumento da demanda por esse tipo de serviço estimulou o aparecimento de novas empresas específicas em GPS e adaptação de antigas para atender um mercado crescente e cada vez mais exigente. Por se tratar de um processo novo, sua implantação requer mudanças significativas tanto de ordem técnica (intimamente ligadas ao conhecimento específico do sistema e suas capacidades) como administrativa (meios e políticas que possam garantir uma gestão efetiva de todos os processos envolvidos no posicionamento com o GPS dentro da empresa). A modernização imposta ao setor de topografia e geodésia em seu cenário produtivo e econômico, com o aparecimento de novas técnicas produtivas e ferramentas gerenciais, não pode mais ser protelada. Isso impõe às organizações uma necessidade emergencial de mudança e grandes desafios, entre eles o de sua própria sobrevivência. A execução de um serviço de posicionamento com o sistema GPS consiste em uma seqüência de procedimentos práticos que, se forem bem executados, proporcionarão maior probabilidade de êxito ao resultado final. Os procedimentos dependem muito de cada caso, e normalmente são definidos por indicações dos fabricantes dos instrumentos, normas e especificações oficiais e, na grande maioria das vezes, pela própria experiência prática do responsável. Como parte desse trabalho foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa social para identificar como são e como agem as empresas que prestam serviços de posicionamento com o sistema GPS no Brasil. Com base nos resultados dessa pesquisa, elaborou-se uma empresa genérica de posicionamento com GPS, com características similares à maioria, e que serviu como referência na concepção dos padrões para os processos básicos da empresa. O modelo de gestão da qualidade proposto teve como guia o Sistema da Qualidade preconizado pela ISO série 9000. Consideraram-se também as ferramentas de gestão e controle da qualidade comumente aplicados na indústria de manufatura e adaptados aos serviços de um posicionamento com GPS. O resultado apresenta uma seqüência de implantação do modelo com as devidas recomendações e viabilidades. Para ilustrar, são apresentados os resultados benéficos obtidos com a aplicação direta dos padrões técnicos da empresa genérica, em um posicionamento real para pontos estáticos, em que se considerou apenas a parte produtiva. O resultado mostrou-se bastante convincente.<br>This thesis deals with a proposal for quality management for a generic GPS surveying company as an alternative to management and service quality improvement. As a result of the GPS measurement demand increasing, an important number of new companies and/or renovated ones have been established in order to operate in that market. But considering that it is a new process some changes must be performed in order to accommodate the old surveying techniques and the old fashioned management to the new reality. This implies in a new management organization which must be based on a well described procedure sequence aiming a final quality control success. As an important part of that research a social research has been applied to several Brazilian GPS service provider companies with the purpose of knowing the status of the sector related to the quality management. Based on that research a hypothetical company was considered in order to give subsides to the elaboration of a standardized company. The proposed quality management model was based on the ISO 9000 Quality System adopting management tools and quality control operators applied in the general industry adapted to the GPS surveying companies. This thesis shows the results of that research presenting an implementation model for quality management considering a real surveying GPS work based on the new GPS measurement techniques.
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34

Zhou, Ning. "Onboard orbit determination using GPS measurements for low Earth orbit satellites." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16076/1/Ning_Zhou_Thesis.pdf.

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Recent advances in spaceborne GPS technology have shown significant advantages in many aspects over conventional technologies. For instance, spaceborne GPS can realize autonomous orbit determination with significant savings in spacecraft life cycle, in power, and in mass. At present, the onboard orbit determination in real time or near-real time can typically achieve 3D orbital accuracy of metres to tens metres with Kalman filtering process, but 21st century space engineering requires onboard orbit accuracy of better than 5 metres, and even sub-metre for some space applications. The research focuses on the development of GPS-based autonomous orbit determination techniques for spacecraft. Contributions are made to the field of GPS-based orbit determination in the following five areas: Techniques to simplify the orbital dynamical models for onboard processing have been developed in order to reduce the computional burden while retaining full model accuracy. The Earth gravity acceleration approximation method was established to replace the traditional recursive acceleration computations. Results have demonstrated that with the computation burden for a 55× spherical harmonic gravity model, we achieve the accuracy of a 7070× model. Efforts were made for the simplification of solar & lunar ephemerides, atmosphere density model and orbit integration. All these techniques together enable a more accurate orbit integrator to operate onboard. Efficient algorithms for onboard GPS measurement outlier detection and measurement improvement have been developed. In addition, a closed-form single point position method was implemented to provide an initial orbit solution without any a priori information. The third important contribution was made to the development of sliding-window short-arc orbit filtering techniques for onboard processing. With respect to the existing Kalman recursive filtering, the short-arc method is more stable because more measurements are used. On the other hand, the short-arc method requires less accurate orbit dynamical model information compared to the long-arc method, thus it is suitable for onboard processing. Our results have demonstrated that by using the 1 ~ 2 revolutions of LEO code GPS data we can achieve an orbit accuracy of 1 ~ 2 metres. Sliding-window techniques provide sub-metre level orbit determination solutions with 5~20 minutes delay. A software platform for the GPS orbit determination studies has been established. Methods of orbit determination in near-real time have been developed and tested. The software system includes orbit dynamical modelling, GPS data processing, orbit filtering and result analysis modules, providing an effective technical basis for further studies. Furthermore a ground-based near-real time orbit determination system has been established for FedSat, Australia's first satellite in 30 years. The system generates 10-metre level orbit solution with half-day latency on an operational basis. This system has supported the scientific missions of FedSat such as Ka-band tracking and GPS atmosphere studies within the Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite System (CRCSS) community. Though it is different from the onboard orbit determination, it provides important test-bed for the techniques described in previous section. This thesis focuses on the onboard orbit determination techniques that were discussed in Chapter 2 through Chapter 6. The proposed onboard orbit determination algorithms were successfully validated using real onboard GPS data collected from Topex/Poseidon, CHAMP and SAC-C satellites.
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35

Zhou, Ning. "Onboard Orbit Determination Using GPS Measurements for Low Earth Orbit Satellites." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16076/.

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Recent advances in spaceborne GPS technology have shown significant advantages in many aspects over conventional technologies. For instance, spaceborne GPS can realize autonomous orbit determination with significant savings in spacecraft life cycle, in power, and in mass. At present, the onboard orbit determination in real time or near-real time can typically achieve 3D orbital accuracy of metres to tens metres with Kalman filtering process, but 21st century space engineering requires onboard orbit accuracy of better than 5 metres, and even sub-metre for some space applications. The research focuses on the development of GPS-based autonomous orbit determination techniques for spacecraft. Contributions are made to the field of GPS-based orbit determination in the following five areas: Techniques to simplify the orbital dynamical models for onboard processing have been developed in order to reduce the computional burden while retaining full model accuracy. The Earth gravity acceleration approximation method was established to replace the traditional recursive acceleration computations. Results have demonstrated that with the computation burden for a 55× spherical harmonic gravity model, we achieve the accuracy of a 7070× model. Efforts were made for the simplification of solar & lunar ephemerides, atmosphere density model and orbit integration. All these techniques together enable a more accurate orbit integrator to operate onboard. Efficient algorithms for onboard GPS measurement outlier detection and measurement improvement have been developed. In addition, a closed-form single point position method was implemented to provide an initial orbit solution without any a priori information. The third important contribution was made to the development of sliding-window short-arc orbit filtering techniques for onboard processing. With respect to the existing Kalman recursive filtering, the short-arc method is more stable because more measurements are used. On the other hand, the short-arc method requires less accurate orbit dynamical model information compared to the long-arc method, thus it is suitable for onboard processing. Our results have demonstrated that by using the 1 ~ 2 revolutions of LEO code GPS data we can achieve an orbit accuracy of 1 ~ 2 metres. Sliding-window techniques provide sub-metre level orbit determination solutions with 5~20 minutes delay. A software platform for the GPS orbit determination studies has been established. Methods of orbit determination in near-real time have been developed and tested. The software system includes orbit dynamical modelling, GPS data processing, orbit filtering and result analysis modules, providing an effective technical basis for further studies. Furthermore a ground-based near-real time orbit determination system has been established for FedSat, Australia's first satellite in 30 years. The system generates 10-metre level orbit solution with half-day latency on an operational basis. This system has supported the scientific missions of FedSat such as Ka-band tracking and GPS atmosphere studies within the Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite System (CRCSS) community. Though it is different from the onboard orbit determination, it provides important test-bed for the techniques described in previous section. This thesis focuses on the onboard orbit determination techniques that were discussed in Chapter 2 through Chapter 6. The proposed onboard orbit determination algorithms were successfully validated using real onboard GPS data collected from Topex/Poseidon, CHAMP and SAC-C satellites.
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36

Habarulema, John Bosco. "A contribution to TEC modelling over Southern Africa using GPS data." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005241.

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Modelling ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is an important area of interest for radio wave propagation, geodesy, surveying, the understanding of space weather dynamics and error correction in relation to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNNS) applications. With the utilisation of improved ionosonde technology coupled with the use of GNSS, the response of technological systems due to changes in the ionosphere during both quiet and disturbed conditions can be historically inferred. TEC values are usually derived from GNSS measurements using mathematically intensive algorithms. However, the techniques used to estimate these TEC values depend heavily on the availability of near-real time GNSS data, and therefore, are sometimes unable to generate complete datasets. This thesis investigated possibilities for the modelling of TEC values derived from the South African Global Positioning System (GPS)receiver network using linear regression methods and artificial neural networks (NNs). GPS TEC values were derived using the Adjusted Spherical Harmonic Analysis (ASHA) algorithm. Considering TEC and the factors that influence its variability as “dependent and independent variables” respectively, the capabilities of linear regression methods and NNs for TEC modelling were first investigated using a small dataset from two GPS receiver stations. NN and regression models were separately developed and used to reproduce TEC fluctuations at different stations not included in the models’ development. For this purpose, TEC was modelled as a function of diurnal variation, seasonal variation, solar and magnetic activities. Comparative analysis showed that NN models provide predictions of GPS TEC that were an improvement on those predicted by the regression models developed. A separate study to empirically investigate the effects of solar wind on GPS TEC was carried out. Quantitative results indicated that solar wind does not have a significant influence on TEC variability. The final TEC simulation model developed makes use of the NN technique to find the relationship between historical TEC data variations and factors that are known to influence TEC variability (such as solar and magnetic activities, diurnal and seasonal variations and the geographical locations of the respective GPS stations) for the purposes of regional TEC modelling and mapping. The NN technique in conjunction with interpolation and extrapolation methods makes it possible to construct ionospheric TEC maps and to analyse the spatial and temporal TEC behaviour over Southern Africa. For independent validation, modelled TEC values were compared to ionosonde TEC and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) generated TEC values during both quiet and disturbed conditions. This thesis provides a comprehensive guide on the development of TEC models for predicting ionospheric variability over the South African region, and forms a significant contribution to ionospheric modelling efforts in Africa.
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37

Bourdeau, Aude. "Approches avancées de navigation par signaux GNSS en environnement urbain utilisant un modèle 3D." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0040/document.

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L'utilisation de systèmes GNSS (Global Navigation Satellites System) en environnement urbain s'est fortement développée, notamment avec l'apparition des puces GNSS dans les téléphones portables. Cependant, l'environnement urbain génère des difficultés dans la réception des signaux GNSS qui peuvent engendrer des erreurs en position de plusieurs dizaines de mètres. Nous avons choisi d'apporter une solution à ces problématiques grâce à l'utilisation d'un modèle 3D de ville réaliste simulant la propagation des signaux GNSS. La première partie de notre étude se porte sur la problématique des signaux Non Line Of Sight et propose une solution de navigation utilisant le modèle 3D de ville pour estimer les caractéristiques géométriques des signaux NLOS reçus par le récepteur. Dans la deuxième partie de notre travail, le modèle 3D de ville est utilisé pour estimer le biais dû aux signaux multitrajets sur la mesure de pseudodistance. Enfin, la dernière partie de notre étude propose une solution combinant les méthodes de poursuite vectorielle des signaux GNSS aux apports d'information du modèle 3D de ville afin d'aider la poursuite en contexte d'atténuation des signaux GNSS<br>The use of Global Navigation Satellites System, better known by the acronym GNSS, in an urban environment has grown significantly, especially with the advent of GNSS chips in mobile phones. However, the urban environment introduces many difficulties in GNSS signal reception that can lead to position ?s errors of several tens of meters. We chose to answer these problems by using a 3D city model allowing to simulate a realistic propagation of the GNSS signal in urban environment. The first part of our work regards the Non Line Of Sight problem, where we propose a navigation solution based on a 3D city model to estimate geometrical properties of NLOS measured by the receiver. In a second part, the 3D city model is used to estimate the bias coming from the multipath on the pseudorange measurement. Finally, the last part of our study provides a solution coupling the GNSS signal vectorial tracking method to the information produced from the 3D city model in order to improve the tracking in the context of strong GNSS signal power attenuation
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38

Nguyen, Hai Ninh. "Apport du GPS pour la quantification des déformations extrêmement lentes et mouvements verticaux dans les chaînes de montagnes françaises." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS246/document.

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Les Alpes et les Pyrénées sont des chaînes de montagnes en domaine que l’on peut quasiment qualifier d’intraplaque compte tenu des taux de déformation horizontaux si faibles qu’on ne peut actuellement pas les quantifier avec la géodésie. Pourtant, la déformation tectonique et la sismicité actuelles en Europe occidentale sont essentiellement concentrées dans ces chaînes de montagnes. Nocquet (2012) a montré que le taux de déformation à travers l'Europe occidentale est faible et reste en dessous des incertitudes sur les mesures. Le mouvement horizontal à travers les Pyrénées et les Alpes occidentales est de l’ordre de ~0 ± 0.5 mm/an.Pour étudier la déformation tectonique dans les Alpes occidentales et les Pyrénées, nous avons calculé l’évolution des positions de 166 stations GPS permanentes des réseaux RENAG, RGP, EUREF et IGS. La longueur des séries temporelles varie de 1,8 à 16,0 ans. Les données ont été traitées en utilisant une approche de positionnement ponctuel précis (PPP). Nous avons examiné l'influence de différentes corrections sur des estimations de vitesses horizontale et verticale: (1) les paramètres d’irrégularité de rotation de la Terre (ERP), (2) la fonction de projection globale (GMF) et la fonction de projection de Vienne (VMF1) des retards troposphériques, (3) les modèles du centre de phase des antennes (APC).En général, les effets du modèle troposphérique, des corrections ERP et APC sont négligeables en termes de vitesses horizontales. Cependant, les corrections ERP et APC affectent les vitesses verticales avec des différences de l’ordre de ~ 0.5 mm/an. Nous avons également analysé les effets sur les séries temporelles des corrections de surcharge liées austockage de l'eau continental (GLDAS), la pression atmosphérique (ATML), et la surcharge océanique (NTOL). En moyenne, le résultat des corrections de surcharge combinant les trois modèles (GLDAS + ATML + NTOL) induit une augmentation des signaux saisonniers de position: les amplitudes annuelles (estimées en utilisant une fonction sinusoïdale de meilleurajustement) sont augmentés de 0.10, 1.55 et 0.50 mm pour les composantes Nord, Est, et Verticale. Ainsi, ce modèle combiné de surcharges ne semble pas être approprié pour corriger les séries temporelles. Les corrections de surcharge ont une influence significative sur les vitesses horizontales et verticales, les moyennes des différences pour les composantes horizontales et verticales sont de 0.24 et 0.55 mm/an par rapport à des vitesses non corrigées.Par conséquent, les modèles de surcharges doivent être améliorées avant de pouvoir être utilisés pour améliorer les estimations de vitesse GPS. Nous avons estimé la durée minimum de données GPS continues nécessaires pour atteindre 7 différents niveaux de précision de vitesse. L'incertitude des estimations de vitesses à partir des séries temporelles GPS dépend fortement de la longueur des séries temporelles. On examine la stabilité et l'incertitude des estimations de vitesses par une analyse de la convergence (c’est à dire, estimation du temps d’observation nécessaire pour obtenir une vitesse proche de celle calculée pour la série temporelle complète). Sur la base de cette analyse, nous estimons que laprécision de 0.5 mm/an est obtenue après une durée moyenne de 4,43 et de 4,78 ans de données continues GPS pour les composantes horizontales et verticales<br>The Western Alps and the Pyrenees are mountain ranges that can almost be qualified asintraplate domain given the horizontal deformation rate so low that we cannot currentlyquantify it with geodesy. However, present-day tectonic deformation and seismicity inWestern Europe is essentially concentrated in these mountain ranges. Nocquet (2012) showedthat the deformation rates across Western Europe are so low that they remain belowmeasurement uncertainties, with horizontal motion across the Pyrenees and the Western Alpsof ~0 ± 0.5 mm/yr.To study tectonic deformation in the Western Alps and Pyrenees region, we have analyzed thetimes-series of 166 GPS permanent stations of RGP, RENAG, EUREF and IGS networkswith times-series length from 1,8 to 16,0 years. Data were processed using a Precise PointPositioning (PPP) approach. We have examined the influence of different corrections on thehorizontal and vertical velocities: (1) Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP), (2) Global MappingFunction (GMF) and the Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1) tropospheric delays, (3) absoluteantenna phase center (APC). In general, the influence of the troposphere model, the ERP andAPC corrections are negligible in terms of horizontal velocities. In contrast, ERP and APCcorrections affect vertical velocities with differences at ~0.5 mm/yr level. We have alsoanalyzed the effects of surface mass loading due to changes in continental water storage(GLDAS), atmospheric pressure (ATML), and non-tidal ocean loading (NTOL). On average,the combination of loading corrections (GLDAS + ATML + NTOL) result in an increase inthe seasonal signals: annual amplitudes (estimated using a best-fit sine function) are increasedby 0.10, 1.55 and 0.50 mm for the north, east, and vertical components, respectively. Hence,this combination of loading models does not seem to be appropriate to correct the time-series.Loading corrections have a significant influence on horizontal and vertical velocities(horizontal and vertical average differences of 0.24 and 0.55 mm/yr compared to uncorrectedvelocities). Therefore, the surface loading models must be improved before they can be usedto improve the GPS velocity estimates.We estimated the minimum time spans of GPS continuous data required to achieve 7 differentlevels of velocity precisions. The uncertainty of velocity estimates from GPS time-seriesstrongly depend on the length of time-series data. We examine the stability and uncertainty ofvelocity estimates by a convergence analysis (i.e., estimation of necessary observation time toobtain a velocity close to that calculated for the complete time series). To obtain an unbiasedand realistic comparative analysis, we have compared a synthetic solution of forward andbackward time for velocity and uncertainty estimates. On the basis of this analysis, weestimate that the precision of 0.5 mm/yr in velocity solution is achieved after an average timespan of 4,43 and 4,78 years of continuous GPS data for the horizontal and verticalcomponents, respectively.In this study, the Euler rotation pole for the stable Western European plate in the ITRF2008reference frame was defined from a 62-sites subset with an RMS of residual horizontalvelocities of 0.29 mm/yr level. The Euler pole is located at 53.730°N, and -101.856°E and hasa rotation rate of 0.256°/Myr. We also present the present-day velocity field with precisionsbetter than 0.5 mm/yr in the Western Alps and the Pyrenees region. The results show nosignificant vertical movements in the Pyrenees, in contrast with the vertical velocities of theWestern Alps that can reach up to 2.49 mm/yr
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39

González, Marcos Tulio Amarís. "Performance prediction of application executed on GPUs using a simple analytical model and machine learning techniques." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-06092018-213258/.

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The parallel and distributed platforms of High Performance Computing available today have became more and more heterogeneous (CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, etc). Graphics Processing Units (GPU) are specialized co-processor to accelerate and improve the performance of parallel vector operations. GPUs have a high degree of parallelism and can execute thousands or millions of threads concurrently and hide the latency of the scheduler. GPUs have a deep hierarchical memory of different types as well as different configurations of these memories. Performance prediction of applications executed on these devices is a great challenge and is essential for the efficient use of resources in machines with these co-processors. There are different approaches for these predictions, such as analytical modeling and machine learning techniques. In this thesis, we present an analysis and characterization of the performance of applications executed on GPUs. We propose a simple and intuitive BSP-based model for predicting the CUDA application execution times on different GPUs. The model is based on the number of computations and memory accesses of the GPU, with additional information on cache usage obtained from profiling. We also compare three different Machine Learning (ML) approaches: Linear Regression, Support Vector Machines and Random Forests with BSP-based analytical model. This comparison is made in two contexts, first, data input or features for ML techniques were the same than analytical model, and, second, using a process of feature extraction, using correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering. We show that GPU applications that scale regularly can be predicted with simple analytical models, and an adjusting parameter. This parameter can be used to predict these applications in other GPUs. We also demonstrate that ML approaches provide reasonable predictions for different cases and ML techniques required no detailed knowledge of application code, hardware characteristics or explicit modeling. Consequently, whenever a large data set with information about similar applications are available or it can be created, ML techniques can be useful for deploying automated on-line performance prediction for scheduling applications on heterogeneous architectures with GPUs.<br>As plataformas paralelas e distribuídas de computação de alto desempenho disponíveis hoje se tornaram mais e mais heterogêneas (CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, etc). As Unidades de processamento gráfico são co-processadores especializados para acelerar operações vetoriais em paralelo. As GPUs têm um alto grau de paralelismo e conseguem executar milhares ou milhões de threads concorrentemente e ocultar a latência do escalonador. Elas têm uma profunda hierarquia de memória de diferentes tipos e também uma profunda configuração da memória hierárquica. A predição de desempenho de aplicações executadas nesses dispositivos é um grande desafio e é essencial para o uso eficiente dos recursos computacionais de máquinas com esses co-processadores. Existem diferentes abordagens para fazer essa predição, como técnicas de modelagem analítica e aprendizado de máquina. Nesta tese, nós apresentamos uma análise e caracterização do desempenho de aplicações executadas em Unidades de Processamento Gráfico de propósito geral. Nós propomos um modelo simples e intuitivo fundamentado no modelo BSP para predizer a execução de funções kernels de CUDA sobre diferentes GPUs. O modelo está baseado no número de computações e acessos à memória da GPU, com informação adicional do uso das memórias cachês obtidas do processo de profiling. Nós também comparamos três diferentes enfoques de aprendizado de máquina (ML): Regressão Linear, Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte e Florestas Aleatórias com o nosso modelo analítico proposto. Esta comparação é feita em dois diferentes contextos, primeiro, dados de entrada ou features para as técnicas de aprendizado de máquinas eram as mesmas que no modelo analítico, e, segundo, usando um processo de extração de features, usando análise de correlação e clustering hierarquizado. Nós mostramos que aplicações executadas em GPUs que escalam regularmente podem ser preditas com modelos analíticos simples e um parâmetro de ajuste. Esse parâmetro pode ser usado para predizer essas aplicações em outras GPUs. Nós também demonstramos que abordagens de ML proveem predições aceitáveis para diferentes casos e essas abordagens não exigem um conhecimento detalhado do código da aplicação, características de hardware ou modelagens explícita. Consequentemente, sempre e quando um banco de dados com informação de \\textit esteja disponível ou possa ser gerado, técnicas de ML podem ser úteis para aplicar uma predição automatizada de desempenho para escalonadores de aplicações em arquiteturas heterogêneas contendo GPUs.
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40

Bernardes, Parracho Ana Claudia. "Etude de la tendance et de la variabilité de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'aide de modèles de climat et d'observations du réseau GNSS mondial." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066524/document.

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La vapeur d'eau est une composante clé du système climatique. Sa distribution et sa variabilité sont des sources d'incertitude dans les modèles climatiques. L'utilisation d'observations et des réanalyses des Contenus Intégrés en Vapeur d'Eau (CIVE) peut faciliter leur évaluation. Dans ce travail, des données CIVE-GPS retraitées du réseau mondial ont été utilisées pour la période 1995-2010. Afin d'évaluer les incertitudes et les inhomogénéités dans les séries GPS, une comparaison globale avec les données de réanalyse ERA-Interim a été faite. Un bon accord général a été trouvé sur les moyennes, la variabilité et les tendances ait été trouvé. Des interruptions et inhomogénéités ont été constatées dans les séries GPS, ainsi que les problèmes de représentativité dans les zones côtières et de topographie complexe. Dans ERA-Interim, des tendances trop fortes ont été constatées dans certaines régions. ERA-Interim a aussi été comparé avec d'autres réanalyses (MERRA-2, ERA-20C, 20CR), et des différences ont été trouvées dans les tendances de les CIVE sur l'Afrique, l'Australie et l'Antarctique. Enfin, les jeux de données CIVE-GPS et CIVE-ERA-Interim ont été utilisés pour évaluer quatre configurations du modèle de circulation générale atmosphérique LMDZ avec deux physiques, libres et guidées avec les vents d'ERA-Interim. Il a été trouvé que la nouvelle physique est plus humide aux latitudes tropicales. Sans guidage, pour les deux physiques, le modèle présente des difficultés à reproduire les tendances et la variabilité obtenues par GPS et par ERA-Interim. Cela confirme l'importance de la dynamique à grande échelle pour les tendances et la variabilité des CIVE<br>Water vapour is a key component of the Earth’s climate system, and its distribution and variability are sources of uncertainty in climate models. The use of long-term integrated water vapour (IWV) observations and reanalyses can help in their assessment. This work pioneered the use of reprocessed GPS IWV data for 1995-2010, converted from estimates of Zenith Total Delay. The conversion was assessed, with the goal of producing a high quality long-term IWV data set. Due to uncertainties in the GPS observations and homogeneity concerns, a global comparison with ERA-Interim reanalysis data was made. Although a general good agreement in means, variability and trends was found, issues in both data sets were highlighted. In GPS, gaps and inhomogeneities in the time series were evidenced, as well as representativeness differences in coastal areas and regions of complex topography. In ERA-Interim, too strong trends in certain regions were found. ERA-Interim was also compared with other reanalyses (MERRA-2, ERA-20C, 20CR), and differences were found in the IWV trends over Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. Finally, GPS and ERA-Interim IWV were used to assess four configurations of the LMDZ atmospheric general circulation model with two different physics and with or without nudging towards ERA-Interim wind fields. Impact of the model physics on the IWV mean was found, with the new physics being moister at tropical latitudes. Overall, the model free runs in both physics have difficulty reproducing the trends and variability observed in ERA-Interim and GPS. This is improved with the nudging, which confirms the importance of large-scale dynamics on IWV trends and variability
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41

Walid, Hanna Motaz. "Aanvändning av lantmäteriets nya nationella höjdmodell (laserdata) i skogsmark." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-10352.

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Detta arbete redogör för hur användning av den nya nationella höjdmodellen (NNH) ur/i Lantmäteriet databas kan användas i olika terräng och vilka förutsättningar det finns för identifiering av specifika landskapselement i denna, manuellt och visuellt. Sedan 2009 har Lantmäteriet laserskannat hela landet, både på land och över vatten. Uppdraget är slutfört 2015. Målet med laserskanning är att framställa en rikstäckande höjdmodell med ett medelfel som är bättre än 0.5 m. Idag är all NNH-data tillgänglig som LAS-filer på Lantmäteriets databas. För att kunna utföra ett utvärderingsexperiment valdes ett geografiskt begränsat område: I Skepplanda, Ale kommun i Västra Götalands län. De hjälpmedel som användes var GPS-mottagare, LAS-filer, Ortofoto och applikationsprogram såsom OL-laser och ArcGis. Det främsta syftet med studien var att undersöka hur bearbetning och utvärdering av olika kartmaterial kan utföras, för att sedan kunna bedöma i vilken mån användning av Lantmäteriets NNH-data, i olika typer av terräng, kan vara möjlig t.ex. hur små detaljer kan urskiljas i det. För undersökningen valdes specifika objekt, såsom stenmurar och ett dike. Tre olika kartunderlag framtogs av OL-laserprogrammet: lutningsbilder, intensitetsbilder och terrängskuggningsbilder. Utifrån insamling av inmätta punkter och med hjälp av vektordata kunde materialet utvärderas visuellt. Två kartor valdes, vilka uppfyllde kriterierna för att kunna uppnå studiens syfte. Eftersom kartan med terrängskuggning och lutningsbild ger en tydligare profil av områdets karaktäristiska drag på marknivå, är det möjligt att identifiera små markdetaljer såsom stenmurar och diken. Resultatet varierade från fall till fall, beroende på kartunderlaget. En mur på den ena platsen i en bild kunde t.ex. detekteras, men inte i en annan bild, trots att det finns en mur där. Studien visade att laserpulserna har svårt att tränga igenom tät vegetation, dock kan olika solvinklar och belysningsriktningar ändå framhäva vissa små markdetaljer under en tätskog. Andra faktorer som kan ha påverkat kvalitén på lasermaterialet är flyghöjden, laserskannerns vinkel och under vilken period under året skanningen genomfördes. Ett antagande gjordes, att laserskanning från lägre flyghöjd och mindre öppningsvinkel kan höja kvalitén på laserdata. Med dessa två faktorer kan högre upplösning per kvadratmeter yta uppnås. Ett annat sätt som kan vara aktuellt i en undersökning är att använda OL-laser verktygslåda och tillämpa andra inställningar genom att skapa objekthöjdbilder där höjd färgläggs med olika ekvidansnivå. Genom att prova fram olika inställningar i programmet, där olika lutningshöjd och solvinklar tillämpas kan läsbarheten på kartunderlaget förbättras.<br>This work describes how the use of the new national elevation model (NNH) from the National Land Survey database may be used in a variety of terrain and the conditions they are identification of specific landscape elements, manually and visually. From the start of 2009, the national land Survey laserscannat whole country, both on land and over water. The mission will be completed in 2015. The goal of laser scanning is to produce a nationwide elevation model with a standard error of better than 0.5 m for a 2 m GRID. Today, all NNH data available as LAS files on Lantmäteriet's database. To perform an evaluation experiment was elected a geographically limited area: Skepplanda, Ale Municipality in Västra Götaland. The devices used were GPS receiver, LAS files, Orth imagery and application programs such as OL laser and ArcGIS. The main aim of the study was to investigate the processing and evaluation of different map material can be performed, and then to assess to what extent the use of Lantmäteriets NNH- data in different types of terrain may be possible. For the investigation, the specific items, such as stone walls and a ditch. Three different maps material was developed by the OL laser program: slope images, intensity images and terrain shading images. Based on the collection of measured points and using vector data could material evaluated visually. Two maps were chosen, which met the criteria for being able to achieve the objectives of the study. Since the map with terrain shading and gradient image provides a clearer profile of the area's characteristic features at ground level, it is possible to identify small land features such as stone walls and ditches. Results will vary from case to case, depending on the substrate maps. A wall at one location in an image could e.g. detect, but not in another image, even though it's a wall there. That’s why definitive conclusions could be not established. The study showed that the laser pulses are difficult to penetrate dense vegetation; however different solar angles and lighting directions nonetheless highlight some small land details during a dense forest. Other factor that may have affected the quality of the laser material is the altitude, laser scans angle and during which period of the year the scan was performed. An assumption was made that the laser scans from lower altitude and smaller opening angle can add value to laser data. With these two factors, higher resolution per square meter of surface is achieved. Another way that can be relevant in an investigation is to use the OL laser toolbox and apply different settings to create objects height pictures where height is colored with different evidence level. By trying out different settings in the program, where different slope height and solar angles applied to the readability of the chart surface is improved.
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42

EDWARDS, KARLA ROBERTA LISA. "Site-Specific Point Positioning and GPS Code Multipath Parameterization and Prediction." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300860715.

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43

Jesus, Thales Eduardo Silva de. "Imageamento digital de paleocavernas colapsadas com georadar." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18821.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThalesESJ_DISSERT.pdf: 669387 bytes, checksum: 33a20d208304804215535ed96770330f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27<br>In this study, the methodological procedures involved in digital imaging of collapsed paleocaves in tufa using GPR are presented. These carbonate deposits occur in the Quixer? region, Cear? State (NE Brazil), on the western border of the Potiguar Basin. Collapsed paleocaves are exposed along a state road, which were selected to this study. We chose a portion of the called Quixer? outcrop for making a photomosaic and caring out a GPR test section to compare and parameterize the karst geometries on the geophysical line. The results were satisfactory and led to the adoption of criteria for the interpretation of others GPR sections acquired in the region of the Quixer? outcrop. Two grids of GPR lines were acquired; the first one was wider and more spaced and guided the location of the second grid, denser and located in the southern part of the outcrop. The radargrams of the second grid reveal satisfactorily the collapsed paleocaves geometries. For each grid has been developed a digital solid model of the Quixer? outcrop. The first model allows the recognition of the general distribution and location of collapsed paleocaves in tufa deposits, while the second more detailed digital model provides not only the 3D individualization of the major paleocaves, but also the estimation of their respective volumes. The digital solid models are presented here as a new frontier in the study of analog outcrops to reservoirs (for groundwater and hydrocarbon), in which the volumetric parameterization and characterization of geological bodies become essential for composing the databases, which together with petrophysical properties information, are used in more realistic computer simulations for sedimentary reservoirs.<br>Nesse trabalho s?o apresentados os procedimentos metodol?gicos envolvidos no imageamento digital de paleocavernas colapsadas em tufas carbon?ticas que ocorrem na borda oeste da Bacia Potiguar com GPR. Foi mapeada uma ?rea em Quixer? (CE) e selecionado um afloramento em um corte de estrada, denominado de Afloramento Quixer?. Foi escolhida uma por??o deste afloramento para confec??o de um fotomosaico e levantamento de uma se??o-teste com o GPR para a compara??o e parametriza??o das geometrias c?rsticas aflorantes e imageadas na linha geof?sica. Os resultados foram satisfat?rios e permitiram a ado??o de crit?rios para a interpreta??o das paleocavernas colapsadas em outras se??es GPR, levantadas na regi?o do afloramento. Foram adquiridas duas malhas de linhas GPR, a primeira mais ampla e espa?ada norteou a loca??o da segunda, mais adensada, na por??o sul do Afloramento Quixer?. Nos radargramas foram interpretadas e parametrizadas as geometrias das principais paleocavernas colapsadas. Para cada malha foi elaborado um modelo de s?lido digital do Afloramento Quixer?, sendo que o primeiro modelo permitiu o reconhecimento da distribui??o geral das tufas e a localiza??o das paleocavernas colapsadas, enquanto o segundo modelo digital, por ser mais detalhado, possibilitou n?o apenas a individualiza??o 3D das principais paleocavernas, mas tamb?m o c?lculo dos seus respectivos volumes. Os modelos de s?lidos digitais s?o aqui apresentados como uma nova fronteira no estudo de afloramentos an?logos a reservat?rios (h?dricos ou petrol?feros), na qual a parametriza??o e a caracteriza??o volum?trica dos corpos geol?gicos passam a ser fundamental para compor bancos de dados, que conjuntamente com informa??es de propriedades petrof?sicas s?o utilizados em simula??es computacionais mais real?sticas de reservat?rios.
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44

Bernardes, Parracho Ana Claudia. "Etude de la tendance et de la variabilité de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'aide de modèles de climat et d'observations du réseau GNSS mondial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066524.

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La vapeur d'eau est une composante clé du système climatique. Sa distribution et sa variabilité sont des sources d'incertitude dans les modèles climatiques. L'utilisation d'observations et des réanalyses des Contenus Intégrés en Vapeur d'Eau (CIVE) peut faciliter leur évaluation. Dans ce travail, des données CIVE-GPS retraitées du réseau mondial ont été utilisées pour la période 1995-2010. Afin d'évaluer les incertitudes et les inhomogénéités dans les séries GPS, une comparaison globale avec les données de réanalyse ERA-Interim a été faite. Un bon accord général a été trouvé sur les moyennes, la variabilité et les tendances ait été trouvé. Des interruptions et inhomogénéités ont été constatées dans les séries GPS, ainsi que les problèmes de représentativité dans les zones côtières et de topographie complexe. Dans ERA-Interim, des tendances trop fortes ont été constatées dans certaines régions. ERA-Interim a aussi été comparé avec d'autres réanalyses (MERRA-2, ERA-20C, 20CR), et des différences ont été trouvées dans les tendances de les CIVE sur l'Afrique, l'Australie et l'Antarctique. Enfin, les jeux de données CIVE-GPS et CIVE-ERA-Interim ont été utilisés pour évaluer quatre configurations du modèle de circulation générale atmosphérique LMDZ avec deux physiques, libres et guidées avec les vents d'ERA-Interim. Il a été trouvé que la nouvelle physique est plus humide aux latitudes tropicales. Sans guidage, pour les deux physiques, le modèle présente des difficultés à reproduire les tendances et la variabilité obtenues par GPS et par ERA-Interim. Cela confirme l'importance de la dynamique à grande échelle pour les tendances et la variabilité des CIVE<br>Water vapour is a key component of the Earth’s climate system, and its distribution and variability are sources of uncertainty in climate models. The use of long-term integrated water vapour (IWV) observations and reanalyses can help in their assessment. This work pioneered the use of reprocessed GPS IWV data for 1995-2010, converted from estimates of Zenith Total Delay. The conversion was assessed, with the goal of producing a high quality long-term IWV data set. Due to uncertainties in the GPS observations and homogeneity concerns, a global comparison with ERA-Interim reanalysis data was made. Although a general good agreement in means, variability and trends was found, issues in both data sets were highlighted. In GPS, gaps and inhomogeneities in the time series were evidenced, as well as representativeness differences in coastal areas and regions of complex topography. In ERA-Interim, too strong trends in certain regions were found. ERA-Interim was also compared with other reanalyses (MERRA-2, ERA-20C, 20CR), and differences were found in the IWV trends over Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. Finally, GPS and ERA-Interim IWV were used to assess four configurations of the LMDZ atmospheric general circulation model with two different physics and with or without nudging towards ERA-Interim wind fields. Impact of the model physics on the IWV mean was found, with the new physics being moister at tropical latitudes. Overall, the model free runs in both physics have difficulty reproducing the trends and variability observed in ERA-Interim and GPS. This is improved with the nudging, which confirms the importance of large-scale dynamics on IWV trends and variability
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45

Mabiala, Moundele Dave Muriel. "Etudes des propriétés structurelles des réseaux ad hoc de véhicules." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112350.

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Un réseau ad hoc de véhicules ou VANET est constitué de véhicules capables de s'échanger des informations par voie radio dans le but d’améliorer la sécurité routière ou de permettre I'accès à Internet pour les passagers, que nous avons choisi comme scénario. Par rapport à un réseau ad hoc classique, le VANET se différencie par une forte mobilité des nœuds rendant la topologie du réseau fortement dynamique. Pour contrer cette difficulté, nous nous sommes donc intéressés à la dynamique du trafic routier et aux problèmes des communications sans fiI. Nos questions étaient les suivantes : 1) à quoi ressemble la topologie du réseau VANET ? 2) Les communications pour l'accès à Internet sont-elles possibles ? 3) Quelle est I'influence du mouvement des véhicules sur le routage ? 4) Quelle est la capacité ou le débit disponible dans un tel réseau sans fil ? Le premier apport concerne l'étude du trafic routier de manière analytique et par simulation, qui nous a permis de montrer la fragmentation du réseau et de caractériser la probabilité d'existence d'un chemin et sa durée de connexion. Les résultats montrent que la durée de connexion est trop courte pour un accès Web par exemple. Le simulateur du modèle microscopique du trafic routier a été développé pour s'interfacer avec NS-2 et a ensuite été utilisé pour comparer deux algorithmes de routages DSR et GPSR. Contrairement à des publications antérieures, nos conclusions montrent que DSR est meilleur que GPSR à tous points de vue. Enfin, nos simulations évaluent la capacité disponible qui est inférieur à la moitié de la borne théorique issue du modèle de la paire d'émetteurs. Nous en déduisons qu'un réseau de véhicules purement Ad Hoc n'est viable pour les applications utilisateurs et concluons sur la nécessité de le coupler à une infrastructure ou réseau hybride<br>Our area of research is survey and analysis of Vehicular Ad Hoc NETworks or VANETS. A VANET consists of vehicle capable exchanging information via a wireless network in an effort to improve road safety and provide Internet access for passengers, which is our area of interest. Compared to a classical ad hoc network, VANET is characterized by high mobility of nodes making the network topology strongly dynamic. To counter this problem, we are therefore interested in the traffic dynamics on road and problems that arise due to wireless communications. Our questions were: 1) What is the VANET network topology? 2) Is Internet access possible? 3) What is the influence of vehicle movement on routing? 4) What is the capacity and throughput available in such a wireless network? These provisions are concerned with the study of road traffic's using analytical tools and simulation. We demonstrate how the network is fragmented and characterize the probability of path existence and connection duration. The results show that the connection time is too short for example to access Web. The simulator models with microscopic road traffic has been developed to interface with NS-2, which was then used to compare two routing algorithms, DSR and GPSR, Contrary to earlier publications, our findings show that DSR is better than GPSR in all viewpoints. Finally, our simulations evaluate the available capacity. We conclude that a VANET which is purely Ad Hoc is not viable for non-safety applications and we need to use a hybrid network
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46

Westman, Freddie. "Modeller för restidsuppskattning baserat på Floating Car Data." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1510.

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<p>I storstadsregionerna blir trafikläget allt mer ansträngt för vart år som går. Inflyttningen fortsätter i oförändrad takt och fler människor måste försöka samsas om samma utrymme. Situationen på vägarna börjar bli ohållbar och det måste till att dessa problem löses snart för att utvecklingen i regionerna inte ska stagnera. Möjligheter för ytterligare utbyignationer finns dock i en begränsad grad och man måste börja se till andra lösningar. Inom området för intelligenta transportsystem(ITS) erbjuds många nya tillämpningar där man med ny teknik försöker hitta lösningar till dagens trafikproblem. Ett led i detta är att samla in och distribuera information om restider på vägarna, för att försöka fördela trafiken mer jämt över hela vägnätet. Det finns olika metoder för att hämta in den här typen av information, men den här rapporten fokuserar sig vid att beskriva system baserat på Floating Car Data(FCD). </p><p>Arbetet som beskrivs i rapporten har i huvudsak analyserat fyra olika restidsuppskattnings-modeller och jämfört dessa med varandra. Modellerna baserar sina beräkningar på observationer från oidentifierade fordon, dvs att observationerna inte har någon identitetsstämpel som kan kopplas till ett specifikt fordon. Två av modellerna betraktar länkarna som en helhet och utför beräkningarna med detta som grund, medan de två andra delar upp varje länk i mindre segment vilket skapar möjlighet för en större noggrannhet. Modellerna testades inledningsvis på simulerad data baserat på trafikmätningar i Göteborgstrakten. Alla beräkningar begränsades ner till länknivå och inte hela vägnät. Detta p.g.a. att det initialt var för komplicerat att skapa en map- matchingmetod som skulle krävas för genomföra beräkningar på olika länkar samtidigt. </p><p>Efter genomförda tester på simulerad data prövades modellerna även på en reella datamängd hämtad från projektet Probe i Stockholmsområdet. Resultaten från de utförda testerna visar på att det inte skiljer sig nämnvärt i restidsuppskattningarna mellan de olika modellerna. Sträckan som valdes att analyseras i de simulerade fallen, påverkades inte av några större störningar eller flödesvariationer. Det resulterade i att alla modellerna genererade likvärdiga restider. Även i fallet med den reella datamängden, som innehöll större flödesvariationer över tiden, kunde de olika modellernas uppskattningar inte skiljas åt nämnvärt. </p><p>Slutsatsen är att trafiken i allmänhet inte har så kraftiga förändringar i flödet över tiden, att det krävs särskilt avancerade modeller för att beräkna restider på länknivå. I alla fall inte om man bortser från incidenter. De framräknade restiderna och den information som dessa ger, bör främst användas för direkt trafikstyrning för att uppnå önskat resultat. Människor förlitar sig mer till sina egna erfarenheter i kända områden, så information av den här typen lämpar sig mer som hjälpmedel för den enskilde individen vid resor i okänd trafik.</p>
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47

Maia, Túle Cesar Barcelos. "Utilização de redes neurais na determinação de modelos geoidais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-19122003-185113/.

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A partir de dados obtidos do modelo do geopotencial EGM96, da gravimetria, do GPS e do nivelamento geométrico, e aplicando harmônicos esféricos e FFT como técnicas de determinação geoidal, foram utilizadas neste trabalho redes neurais artificiais como ferramenta alternativa na determinação de um modelo geoidal. Procurou-se uma determinação geoidal de forma mais rápida, com precisão adequada e com menor esforço na determinação de parâmetros importantes na obtenção da referida superfície. Foram utilizados modelos de redes neurais do tipo MLP, algoritmo de treinamento backpropagation, variando o número de camadas, o número de neurônios, a função de ativação, a taxa de aprendizado e o termo momento. Os dados dos modelos mencionados foram tratados de forma a serem utilizados pelos modelos de redes neurais. Foram executadas a normalização, a análise de componentes principais e a definição dos atributos de entrada e saída para treinamento do modelo de rede neural. Foram Realizadas comparações entre os modelos geoidais existentes, os quais foram utilizados nesta pesquisa, com os resultados obtidos pelo modelo de rede neural. Tais comparações resultaram na obtenção dos erros entre as superfícies, justificando dessa forma a possibilidade de uso do referido método, com a conseqüente demonstração de suas vantagens e desvantagens.<br>Applying data from EGM96 geopotential model, gravimetric, GPS and geometric leveling data and using spherical harmonics and FFT as techniques of geoidal determination, this thesis has the goal to find a fast alternative tool to define a geoidal undulation model considering precision and a small effort to estimate important parameters to obtain the mentioned model. MLP neural networks, backpropagation algorithm changing the numbers of layers, neurons numbers, activation function, learning rate and momentum term have been applied. The data of the mentioned models were handling aiming to be used by the neural networks models. Normalization, analysis of the main components, definition of the input and output attributes to training the neural network model, have been also used. Comparison among existing models and the models used in this research with results obtained by the neural network have been done, showing the errors between the created surfaces. At the end, it is presented a positive argument to use the MLP neural network to generate a geoidal model with advantages and disadvantages.
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48

Klíma, Martin. "FM vysílač APRS telemetrických dat v pásmu 435 MHz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218996.

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FM transmitter APRS of telemetric data is device able to measure telemetric values from its ambient. It is able to send this data to user on earth by radio frequency channel. This device can create data frames, with proper formatting allowing sending data. It operates in 435 MHz band, uses FSK and AFSK modulation. This work describes basic information of used protocols, electronic connection of this transmitter and software equipment.
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49

Oliveira, Rui Jorge Braga de. "Prospeção geofísica aplicada à Arqueologia." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28353.

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O estudo de metodologias eficazes de prospeção geofísica em ambiente arqueológico é uma proposta para resolver problemas que se colocam quando a Geofísica tenta conceber modelos que satisfaçam os requisitos arqueológicos. A exploração geofísica é uma das ferramentas que a Arqueologia moderna incorpora para obter informação sobre o subsolo através da sua exploração indireta. A presente tese de doutoramento está enquadrada neste domínio e o seu objetivo consistiu no aperfeiçoamento dos modelos de georradar (GPR) e dos mapas de anomalias magnéticas obtidos em condições de baixa detetabilidade. A investigação consistiu no estudo e conceção de novas metodologias focadas no aumento da relação sinal-ruído dos dados e sua aplicação a casos reais para obter modelos mais esclarecedores. Nomeadamente através de: 1) Remoção do ruído de fundo dos dados de GPR utilizando filtros espetrais, com seleção da informação útil utilizando técnicas de fatorização de dados que permitem o aumento da nitidez dos modelos originais (Algoritmo SVD). 2) Aumento da resolução dos modelos de GPR-3D com recurso à interpolação de Fourier de modo a obter-se perfis de GPR entre cada dois perfis existentes (Algoritmo INT-FFT). 3) Aumento da informação geofísica combinando superfícies GPR-2D e mapas de anomalias magnéticas, aplicando técnicas de fusão usadas em Imagiologia Médica para deteção de tumores (Algoritmo FUSÃO-GPR-MAG). 4) Uso de Estatística Geoespacial para otimização da interpolação de malhas de dados associadas a análise espetral e filtragem para avaliar as tendências espaciais dos dados. As metodologias desenvolvidas foram aplicadas ao estudo geofísico da Villa de Pisões (Beja), cujos dados possuem muito baixa percetibilidade. O uso sequencial das metodologias concebidas permitiu passar de um cenário de aparente falta de informação útil e incapaz de produzir modelos aceitáveis, para um em que se tornou possível identificar com clareza as anomalias geofísicas e consequentemente produzir um modelo interpretativo global da área não escavada do perímetro de Pisões; GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTION APPLIED TO ARCHAEOLOGY ABSTRACT: The study of effective methodologies for geophysical prospection in an archaeological environment is a proposal to solve problems that arise when Geophysics tries to design models that satisfy the archaeological requirements. Geophysical exploration is one of the tools that modern Archaeology incorporates to obtain information about the subsoil through its indirect exploration. This doctoral thesis fits in this domain and its objective was to improve the georradar models (GPR) and the magnetic anomalies maps obtained in conditions of low detectability. The research comprised the study and design of new methodologies focused on increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and its application to real cases to obtain more clarifying models. Namely through: 1) Removal of background noise from GPR data using spectral filters, with selection of useful information using data factoring techniques that allow the increasing of the sharpness of the original models (SVD Algorithm). 2) Increase of the resolution of GPR-3D models using Fourier interpolation in order to obtain GPR profiles between each two existing profiles (INT-FFT Algorithm). 3) Increase of geophysical information combining GPR-2D surfaces and magnetic anomalies maps, applying fusion techniques used in Medical Imaging for tumour detection (FUSÃO-GPR-MAG Algorithm). 4) Use of Geospatial Statistics to optimize the grid data interpolation combined with spectral analysis and filtering to assess spatial trends in the data. The developed methodologies were applied to the geophysical study of Villa Romana de Pisões (Beja), whose data have very low perceptibility. The sequential use of the methodologies conceived allowed to move from a scenario of apparent lack of useful information to one in which it became possible to identify geophysical anomalies. This allowed the production of a global interpretative model of the unexcavated area of the Villa de Pisões.
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50

Abuhadrous, Iyad. "Système embarqué temps réel de localisation et de modélisation 3D par fusion multi-capteur." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001118.

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Cette étude va se focaliser sur trois aspects. Dans un premier temps, un effort sera porté sur l'aspect "localisation précise" du véhicule en mouvement. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de se pencher sur l'intégration et le traitement de l'information issue de systèmes hétérogènes de navigation: GPS et centrale inertielle (INS) auxquels sera rajoutée ensuite l'odométrie. La raison de cette intégration est d'exploiter les avantages de chacun des systèmes utilisés. L'intégration utilise un filtrage numérique pour procéder à une compensation des erreurs en position, vitesse, et en attitude issues de chaque capteur. L'accent n'a pas seulement été mis sur l'intégration, mais aussi sur les notions de précision des résultats. Dans un deuxième temps, nous allons nous intéresser à la fois à la validation quantitative et qualitative des résultats et à l'élaboration d'une application exploitant notre travail. Les erreurs du système sont comparées avec une trajectoire de référence. Nous avons choisi de réaliser un système de numérisation tridimensionnelle de l'environnement couplé à un système de modélisation adapté au type d'environnement. L'étude se penchera sur le capteur d'acquisition de données télémétriques et son intégration à bord du véhicule. Un intérêt particulier est porté sur la qualité et les imprécisions des données retournées par le télémètre. L'acquisition des données se fera au vol et pendant le déplacement du véhicule. Enfin, le modèle obtenu sera exploité, de deux manières: la constitution d'un modèle géométrique et topologique précis puis l'extraction d'informations sémantiques du modèle (extraction de la route ou des obstacles fixes, identifications d'amers, caractérisation de la route, etc.).
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