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1
Luo, Y., X. Song, L. Zheng, C. Yang, M. Yu, and M. Sun. "PROBE VEHICLE TRACK-MATCHING ALGORITHM BASED ON SPATIAL SEMANTIC FEATURES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-4/W2 (July 10, 2015): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-w2-19-2015.
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The matching of GPS received locations to roads is challenging. Traditional matching method is based on the position of the GPS receiver, the vehicle position and vehicle behavior near the receiving time. However, for probe vehicle trajectories, the sampling interval is too sparse and there is a poor correlation between adjacent sampling points, so it cannot partition the GPS noise through the historical positions. For the data mining of probe vehicle tracks based on spatial semantics, the matching is learned from the traditional electronic navigation map matching, and it is proposed that the probe vehicle track matching algorithm is based on spatial semantic features. Experimental results show that the proposed global-path matching method gets a good matching results, and restores the true path through the probe vehicle track.
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Bazanowski, Maciej, Anna Szostak-Chrzanowski, and Adam Chrzanowski. "Determination of GPS Session Duration in Ground Deformation Surveys in Mining Areas." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 6127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216127.
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Extraction of underground minerals causes subsidence of the ground surface due to gravitational forces. The subsidence rate depends on the type of extracted ore, as well as its shape, thickness, and depth. Additionally, the embedding and overburden rock properties influence the time needed for the deformations to reach the surface. Using the results of geodetic deformation monitoring, which supply the information on pattern and magnitude of surface deformation, the performance of the mine may be evaluated. The monitoring can supply information on the actual rock mass behaviour during the operation and in many cases during the years after the mining operations have ceased. Geodetic methods of deformation monitoring supply information on the absolute and relative displacements (changes in position in a selected coordinate system) from which displacement and strain fields for the monitored object may be derived. Thus, geodetic measurements provide global information on absolute and relative displacements over large areas, either at discrete points or continuous in the space domain. The geodetic methods are affected by errors caused by atmospheric refraction and delay of electromagnetic signal. Since geodetic measurements allow for redundancy and statistical evaluation of the quality of the data, they generally provide reliable results. Usually, the designed accuracy of deformation measurements should allow for the detection of at least one third of the expected maximum deformations over the desired time span at the 95% probability level. In ground subsidence studies in mining areas, 10 mm accuracy at 95% level in both vertical and horizontal displacements is typically required. In the case of salt mines, the process of ground subsidence in viscous rock is slow; therefore, subsidence monitoring surveys may be performed once a year. In subsidence determination, two techniques are commonly used: leveling and satellite positioning. The satellite positioning technique is used to determine the 3D (horizontal coordinates and height) or 2D position of monitored points (only horizontal coordinates). When comparing the heights determined from satellite and leveling surveys, it has to be noted that the leveling heights are referred with respect to the geoid (orthometric heights), while heights determined from satellite surveys are referred with respect to the ellipsoid (ellipsoidal height). In the case of satellite surveys, the accuracy of horizontal position is typically 2–3 times better than vertical. The analysis of the optimal session duration lead to the conclusion that in order to achieve the sub-cm accuracy of horizontal coordinates at 95% confidence level, the satellite positioning session length using Global Positioning System (GPS) should be at least three hours long. In order to achieve the sub-cm accuracy of height coordinate at 95% confidence level in a single observation session, the GPS session length should be at least twelve hours long.
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Fadda, S., M. Fiori, and C. Matzuzzi. "Use of Global Positioning System in mine landscaping and visual impact assessment: A case study." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31887.
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The satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS) needs a clear view of sky for determining a geodetic position and hence it is particularly suitable in overall projects of open-pit recovery and landscape restoration. The purpose of such measurements is to make highly accurate topographic maps thus forming the backbone of a project. In the work presented here geodetic measurements are combined with advanced visualisation techniques and GIS applications in a possible recovery plan of the abandoned excavations of Bonucoro in the mining district of Orani, central Sardinia, Italy. Considering the naturalistic and geographic settings of the mining area and its surroundings, a few proposals concerning the re-utilisation of these excavations are presented. The preparatory work consisted of the area characterisation by carrying out a topographic survey followed by a geodetic control network establishment by the GPS to describe the morphological features of the landscape and for the subsequent three-dimensional analysis and geoprocessing. The final step involved the use of VueInfinite, a computer program capable to integrate graphical data with geological and morphological attributes. It was also able to create a virtual 3D scene of a present, past, or future landscape required for visual impact assessment.
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Dolgikh, Oleksandr, Liubov Dolgikh, Kostiantyn Ielezov, and Nikolai Maletskii. "The use of the construction with a digital camera and GPS receiver while researching dangerous areas." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 08009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128008009.
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The purpose of the study is to select an effective methods and equipment for observing deformations in dangerous areas of the terrain, such as areas that are undermined by underground mining. It is known that the topical task of the mine surveying service is to improve remote sensing methods for the state of movement zones with craters, dips, cracks. The research methodology is based on the results of the performed analysis of methods for observing deformations using modern devices and technologies, and experimental work using the developed methodology, which provides for the combined use of digital methods and GPS technologies. Experimental work was carried out at the facilities of the Ordzhonikidze mine using various remote sensing methods, including those developed by the authors. The research used a design consisting of a digital camera and a GPS receiver. The performed analysis of the obtained survey results, using the proposed design of two devices, has shown its effectiveness in remote methods of observing the objects deformations located in areas undermined by mining operations. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the methods development for remote observation of deformations of the ground's surface and objects, based on the structure use from a digital camera and a GPS receiver. This method was developed to increase the efficiency of performing research on objects deformations located in places that are dangerous for finding a person. The efficiency of using terrestrial digital stereo survey when the coordinates of the photographing points are determined with the help of GPS has been proved. The practical significance of the study lies in increasing work efficiency the on monitoring deformations of the earth's surface, buildings and structures located in areas dangerous for field work by traditional methods, which are performed using leveling and measuring the distances between the benchmarks of profile lines, which are usually used on areas undermined by underground mining. The use of terrestrial digital stereo photography with the coordination of photographing stations using GPS allows remote determination of the spatial position of the observed points with the required accuracy. Key words: ground stereoscopic survey, collapse zone, digital camera, GPS.
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Tscharf, A., M. Rumpler, F. Fraundorfer, G. Mayer, and H. Bischof. "ON THE USE OF UAVS IN MINING AND ARCHAEOLOGY - GEO-ACCURATE 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS USING VARIOUS PLATFORMS AND TERRESTRIAL VIEWS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-1/W1 (August 27, 2015): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-1-w1-15-2015.
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During the last decades photogrammetric computer vision systems have been well established in scientific and commercial applications. Especially the increasing affordability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in conjunction with automated multi-view processing pipelines have resulted in an easy way of acquiring spatial data and creating realistic and accurate 3D models. With the use of multicopter UAVs, it is possible to record highly overlapping images from almost terrestrial camera positions to oblique and nadir aerial images due to the ability to navigate slowly, hover and capture images at nearly any possible position. Multi-copter UAVs thus are bridging the gap between terrestrial and traditional aerial image acquisition and are therefore ideally suited to enable easy and safe data collection and inspection tasks in complex or hazardous environments. In this paper we present a fully automated processing pipeline for precise, metric and geo-accurate 3D reconstructions of complex geometries using various imaging platforms. Our workflow allows for georeferencing of UAV imagery based on GPS-measurements of camera stations from an on-board GPS receiver as well as tie and control point information. Ground control points (GCPs) are integrated directly in the bundle adjustment to refine the georegistration and correct for systematic distortions of the image block. We discuss our approach based on three different case studies for applications in mining and archaeology and present several accuracy related analyses investigating georegistration, camera network configuration and ground sampling distance. Our approach is furthermore suited for seamlessly matching and integrating images from different view points and cameras (aerial and terrestrial as well as inside views) into one single reconstruction. Together with aerial images from a UAV, we are able to enrich 3D models by combining terrestrial images as well inside views of an object by joint image processing to generate highly detailed, accurate and complete reconstructions.
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Fan, Qigao, Wei Li, Jing Hui, et al. "Integrated Positioning for Coal Mining Machinery in Enclosed Underground Mine Based on SINS/WSN." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/460415.
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To realize dynamic positioning of the shearer, a new method based on SINS/WSN is studied in this paper. Firstly, the shearer movement model is built and running regularity of the shearer in coal mining face has been mastered. Secondly, as external calibration of SINS using GPS is infeasible in enclosed underground mine, WSN positioning strategy is proposed to eliminate accumulative error produced by SINS; then the corresponding coupling model is established. Finally, positioning performance is analyzed by simulation and experiment. Results show that attitude angle and position of the shearer can be real-timely tracked by integrated positioning strategy based on SINS/WSN, and positioning precision meet the demand of actual working condition.
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Rodriguez-Lloveras, Xavier, Carolina Puig-Polo, Nieves Lantada, Jose A. Gili, and Jordi Marturià. "Two decades of GPS/GNSS and DInSAR monitoring of Cardona salt mines (NE of Spain) – natural and mining-induced mechanisms and processes." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-167-2020.
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Abstract. Cardona area presents surface rising and subsidence active movements. In 1999 a series of sinkholes appeared due to the infiltration of Cardener River water into the mine tunnels, damaging surface infrastructures. Since then, high precision GNSS/GPS was used annually to position a network of 40 points spread over the area. GNSS/GPS work is carried out with the Fast-Static (FS) method. Additionally the surface movements have been monitored with satellite Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR). Results indicate that the movement has a complex spatial distribution although consistent along time. Some areas show surface rising during the last two decades, while other areas show subsidence. The use of the two techniques allowed to determine the most plausible causes of these movements generated by a set of interwoven natural and human-induced complex processes.
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Nicu, Ionut Cristi, Knut Stalsberg, Lena Rubensdotter, Vibeke Vandrup Martens, and Anne-Cathrine Flyen. "Coastal Erosion Affecting Cultural Heritage in Svalbard. A Case Study in Hiorthhamn (Adventfjorden)—An Abandoned Mining Settlement." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062306.
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Hiorthhamn is an abandoned Norwegian coal mining settlement with a loading dock and a lot of industrial infrastructure left in the coastal zone. In this study, changes in the position of 1.3 km of the Hiorthhamn shoreline, which affect cultural heritage, is described for a time-period spanning 92 years (1927–2019). The shoreline positions were established based on a map (1927), orthophotos (2009) and a topographic survey with differential Global Positioning System (GPS) (summer 2019). Detailed geomorphological and surface sediment mapping was conducted to form a framework for understanding shoreline-landscape interaction. The shoreline was divided into three sectors to calculate the erosion/stability/accretion rates by using the DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) extension of ArcGIS. The DSAS analysis showed very high erosion in Sector 1, while Sectors 2 and 3 showed moderate accretion and moderate erosion, respectively. Sector 1 is geologically composed of easily erodible sorted beach sediments and protected remains from the mining industry such as wrecks of heavy machines, loading carts, wagons and rusty tracks that are directly exposed to coastal erosion. The all-sector average shoreline erosion rate (EPR parameter) for the 92 years period was −0.21 m/year. The high shoreline erosion rates in Sector 1, together with the high potential damage to cultural heritage, supports the urgent need of continued coastal monitoring and sustainable management of cultural heritage in Hiorthhamn.
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Nugraha, Ryan, and Sigit Putrasakti. "PENGARUH SEBARAN DATA GROUND CONTROL POINT (GCP) DALAM PENGOLAHAN DATA FOTO UDARA PADA AREA IN-PIT MAPPING MENGGUNAKAN DRONE QUADCOPTER DJI PHANTOM 4 RTK BERBASIS BASE GPS METODE REAL TIME KINEMATIC (RTK)." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (2020): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.62.
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ABSTRAKTeknik pengambilan foto udara yang saat ini sedang berkembang, tidak bisa dipungkiri lagi bahwa teknologi Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), khususnya drone merupakan salah satu teknologi yang sangat efektif dan efisien dalam melakukan kegiatan mapping (pemetaan). Kegiatan mapping menggunakan drone ini juga tidak luput dari industri pertambangan, khususnya tambang batu bara yang saat ini mulai popular menggunakan salah satu teknologi yang modern ini. Salah satu jenis UAV yang digunakan PT Arutmin Indonesia adalah drone quadcotper DJI Phantom 4 RTK yang berbasis base GPS metode Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Kegiatan mapping menggunakan drone diperlukan beberapa titik ikat atau kontrol di permukaan tanah yang disebar di area mapping yang dikenal dengan Ground Control Point (GCP). GCP berfungsi sebagai titik ikat atau kontrol di permukaan tanah. Sebaiknya GCP disebar merata di permukaan tanah area mapping yang areanya bebas dari obstacles, dan tidak mengganggu kegiatan penambangan agar hasil dari pengolahan data diharapkan menghasilkan data orthophoto dan kontur topografi yang presisi dan akurat. Kegiatan mapping yang dilakukan PT Arutmin Indonesia ini dilakukan di area in pit dump dengan sebaran enam data GCP yang disebar di ujung-ujung dan tengah batasan area mapping. GCP yang tidak di sebar merata di area mapping akan menghasilkan data orthophoto dan kontur topografi yang tidak presisi dan akurat. Ini disebabkan adanya area mapping yang tidak terikat/terkontrol oleh GCP. Area mapping yang tidak tercover GCP, dominan orthophoto yang dihasilkan tidak sesuai dengan aktual kondisi in pit dump. Orthophoto in pit dump ini, keadaan bench dump akan terlihat tidak lurus atau terpisah atau tidak menyambung karena posisi horizontal yang dihasilkan tidak presisi dan akurat. Begitu juga dengan data topografi, apabila area mapping tidak tercover GCP, akan menimbulkan variance +/- 5-10 m pada posisi horizontal (easting dan northing) dan 3-5 m pada posisi vertical (elevation). Dengan demikian data GCP yang disebar merata di area mapping merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menghasilkan data orthophoto dan kontur yang presisi dan akurat. GCP yang disebar merata di area mapping akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap ketelitian rektifikasi yang ditunjukkan melalui nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ketelitian jarak dan posisi (koordinat). Kata Kunci: GCP, mapping, in pit dump, rektifikasi ABSTRACT The technique of taking aerial photographs is currently developing, it is undeniable that the technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), especially drones, is one of the technologies that is very effective and efficient in conducting mapping activities. Mapping activities using drones are also not spared from the mining industry, especially coal mining which is currently gaining popularity using one of these modern technologies. One type of UAV used by PT Arutmin Indonesia is the DJI Phantom 4 RTK quadcotper drone based on the GPS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method. Mapping activities using drones require a number of grounding points or controls that are spread out in a mapping area known as a Ground Control Point (GCP). GC Work as a bonding point or control at ground level. GCP should be distributed evenly on unobstructed mapping surface, and there is no mining activity so that the results of data processing are expected to produce precise and accurate orthophoto and topographic contour data. The mapping activity carried out by PT Arutmin Indonesia was carried out in an area in the pit dump with the distribution of six GCP data distributed at the edges and the mapping of the middle area. GCP that is not spread evenly in the mapping area will produce orthophoto data and topographic contours that are not precise and accurate. This represents the existence of an area mapping that is not approved / controlled by GCP. Mapping the area that is not covered by GCP, the dominant orthophoto produced is not in accordance with the actual conditions in the pit dump. Orthophoto in this pit dump, the state of the dump bench will look not straight or separate or not connect because the resulting horizontal position is not precise and accurate. Likewise with topographic data, mapping the rejected area is not covered by GCP, will cause variance +/- 5-10 m in the horizontal position (east and north) and 3-5 m vertical position (elevation). Thus GCP data distributed evenly in the mapping area is one of the parameters to produce precise and accurate orthophoto and contour data. GCP that is spread evenly in the mapping area will give effect to the accuracy of rectification studied through the value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) accuracy of distance and position (coordinates). Keywords: GCP, mapping, in pit dump, rectification
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Gausepohl, Florian, Anne Hennke, Timm Schoening, Kevin Köser, and Jens Greinert. "Scars in the abyss: reconstructing sequence, location and temporal change of the 78 plough tracks of the 1989 DISCOL deep-sea disturbance experiment in the Peru Basin." Biogeosciences 17, no. 6 (2020): 1463–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1463-2020.
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Abstract. High-resolution optical and hydro-acoustic sea floor data acquired in 2015 enabled the reconstruction and exact localization of disturbance tracks of a past deep-sea recolonization experiment (DISCOL) that was conducted in 1989 in the Peru Basin during a German environmental impact study associated with manganese-nodule mining. Based on this information, the disturbance level of the experiment regarding the direct plough impact and distribution and redeposition of sediment from the evolving sediment plume was assessed qualitatively. The compilation of all available optical and acoustic data sets available from the DISCOL Experimental Area (DEA) and the derived accurate positions of the different plough marks facilitate the analysis of the sedimentary evolution over the last 26 years for a sub-set of the 78 disturbance tracks. The results highlight the remarkable difference between natural sedimentation in the deep sea and sedimentation of a resettled sediment plume; most of the blanketing of the plough tracks happened through the resettling of plume sediment from plough tracks created later. Generally sediment plumes are seen as one of the important impacts associated with potential Mn-nodule mining. For enabling a better evaluation and interpretation of particularly geochemical and microbiological data, a relative age sequence of single plough marks and groups of them was derived and is presented here. This is important as the thickness of resettled sediment differs distinctly between plough marks created earlier and later. Problems in data processing became eminent for data from the late 1980s, at a time when GPS was just invented and underwater navigation was in an infant stage. However, even today the uncertainties of underwater navigation need to be considered if a variety of acoustical and optical sensors with different resolution should be merged to correlate accurately with the absolute geographic position. In this study, the ship-based bathymetric map was used as the absolute geographic reference layer and a workflow was applied for geo-referencing all the other data sets of the DISCOL Experimental Area until the end of 2015. New high-resolution field data were mainly acquired with sensors attached to GEOMAR's AUV Abyss and the 0.5∘ × 1∘ EM122 multibeam system of RV Sonne during cruise SO242-1. Legacy data from the 1980s and 1990s first needed to be found and compiled before they could be digitized and properly geo-referenced for our joined analyses.
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Xiao, Dong, Hongzong Li, Chenyi Liu, and Qifei He. "Large-Truck Safety Warning System Based on Lightweight SSD Model." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2180294.
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Transportation is an important link in the mining process, and large trucks are one of the important tools for mine transportation. Due to their large size and small driving position, large trucks have a blind spot, which is a hidden danger to the safe transportation of mines and has a great impact on production efficiency and economic loss. The traditional large truck safety warning system mainly uses the ultrasonic short-distance ranging method, radar ranging method, GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, and so on. The disadvantage of these methods is that they are affected by the environment and weather, and they cannot display the object status in real time. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to realize the large truck safety warning system based on machine vision. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) model and an atrous convolution to build a large-truck object recognition model. First, the training images are collected and marked. Then, the object recognition model is established by using the lightweight SSD model. The atrous convolutional layer is introduced to improve small object detection accuracy. In the end, the objectness prior method is used to improve the classification speed. Experimental results show that, compared with the original SSD model, the lightweight SSD model occupies less space and runs faster. The lightweight SSD model with the atrous convolutional layer is more sensitive to small objects and improves detection accuracy. The objectness prior method further improves the identification speed. Compared with the traditional large truck safety warning, the system is not affected by the environment and realizes the visualization of large truck safety warning.
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Wang, Hong-Wei, Zhong-Ren Peng, Qing-Chang Lu, Daniel (Jian) Sun, and Cong Bai. "ASSESSING EFFECTS OF BUS SERVICE QUALITY ON PASSENGERS’ TAXI-HIRING BEHAVIOR." Transport 33, no. 4 (2018): 1030–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1275786.
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Due to low quality of bus service in a congested road network, some bus-waiting travelers would take taxis instead in order to save time or get to their destinations on time. However, the correlation between bus service quality and passengers’ taxi-hiring behavior is essentially unknown. This paper aims to assess the effects of bus service quality on taxi-hiring behavior based on historical data from the Global Position Systems (GPS) equipped buses and taxis in the city of Shenzhen, China. The taxi-hiring behavior is captured by analyzing the taxi-data, such as the origins of passenger pick-up, destinations of passengers drop-off, and taxi paths from the taxi movement data. The quality of bus service is assessed based on the bus location information. Parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric models are developed to explore the effects of bus service quality on taxi-hiring behavior. The results indicate that bus speed, headway and stoppage time are the core factors affecting passengers’ taxi-hiring behavior. Availability of metro, time of the day and bus route directions are the secondary important factors. This study shows that when buses run with relatively low and stable speed, taxi-hiring behavior is sensitive to the slight change of bus speed. More passengers would like to take taxis when bus speed starts to decline, or speed or stoppage time of buses tends to be irregular. However, the effects of bus headway on taxi-hiring behavior are more complicated. A specific turning point (coefficient of variability of mean headway ≈ 0.7) in the relationship between taxi-hiring behavior and bus headway is shown in this paper. Based on data mining and model development, this research presents details on attributes of bus service that drive passengers to switch to taxis and how changes in those attributes encourage modal shift from buses to taxis.
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Wielgat, Robert, Daniel Król, Tomasz Potempa, Paweł Kozioł, and Agnieszka Lisowska-Lis. "Towards the Automatic Acoustical Avian Monitoring System." Science, Technology and Innovation 4, no. 3 (2017): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7995.
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One of the crucial aspects of the environmental protection is continuous monitoring of environment. Specific aspect is estimation of the bird species population. It is particularly important for bird species being in danger of extinction. Avian monitoring programs are time and money consuming actions which usually base on terrain expeditions. Certain remedy for this can be automatic acoustical avian monitoring system, described in the paper. Main components of the designed system are: digital audio recorder for bird voices acquisition, computer program automatically recognizing bird species by its signals emitted (voices or others) and object-relational database accessed via the Internet. Optional system components can be: digital camera and camcorder, bird attracting device, wireless data transmission module, power supply with solar panel, portable weather station. The system records bird voices and sends the recordings to the database. Recorded bird voices can be also provoked by the attracting device. Application of wireless data transmission module and power supply with solar panel allows long term operation of digital sound recorder in a hard accessible terrain. Recorded bird voices are analysed by the computer program and labelled with the automatically recognized bird species. Recognition accuracy of the program can be optionally enhanced by an expert system. Besides of labelled sound recordings, database can store also many other information like: photos and films accompanying recorded bird voices/ sounds, information about localization of observation/ recordings (GPS position, description of a place of an observation), information about bird features and behaviour, meteorological information, etc. Database on the base of geographical/ geological digital maps can generate actual maps of bird population (presence, number of individuals of each species). Moreover data-base can trigger alerts in case of rapidly decreasing bird population. It is also possible to obtain new knowledge about bird species with data mining methods. The paper presents collected data on observed bird species (audio recordings, photos and films) as well as results of experiments testing particular components of the automatic acoustical avian monitoring system.
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Arabameri, Alireza, Jagabandhu Roy, Sunil Saha, Thomas Blaschke, Omid Ghorbanzadeh, and Dieu Tien Bui. "Application of Probabilistic and Machine Learning Models for Groundwater Potentiality Mapping in Damghan Sedimentary Plain, Iran." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243015.
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Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources, as it regulates the earth’s hydrological system. The Damghan sedimentary plain area, located in the region of a semi-arid climate of Iran, has very critical conditions of groundwater due to massive pressure on it and is in need of robust models for identifying the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). The main goal of the current research is to prepare a groundwater potentiality map (GWPM) considering the probabilistic, machine learning, data mining, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approaches. For this purpose, 80 wells collected from the Iranian groundwater resource department and field investigation with global positioning system (GPS), have been selected randomly and considered as the groundwater inventory datasets. Out of 80 wells, 56 (70%) wells have been brought into play for modeling and 24 (30%) for validation purposes. Elevation, slope, aspect, convergence index (CI), rainfall, drainage density (Dd), distance to river, distance to fault, distance to road, lithology, soil type, land use/land cover (LU/LC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic position index (TPI), and stream power index (SPI) have been used for modeling purpose. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), accuracy (AC), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) are used for checking the goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy of approaches to compare their performance. In addition, the influence of groundwater determining factors (GWDFs) on groundwater occurrence was evaluated by performing a sensitivity analysis model. The GWPMs, produced by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), random forest (RF), binary logistic regression (BLR), weight of evidence (WoE) and support vector machine (SVM) have been classified into four categories, i.e., low, medium, high and very high groundwater potentiality with the help of the natural break classification methods in the GIS environment. The very high groundwater potentiality class is covered 15.09% for TOPSIS, 15.46% for WoE, 25.26% for RF, 15.47% for BLR, and 18.74% for SVM of the entire plain area. Based on sensitivity analysis, distance from river, and drainage density represent significantly effects on the groundwater occurrence. validation results show that the BLR model with best prediction accuracy and goodness-of-fit outperforms the other five models. Although, all models have very good performance in modeling of groundwater potential. Results of seed cell area index model that used for checking accuracy classification of models show that all models have suitable performance. Therefore, these are promising models that can be applied for the GWPZs identification, which will help for some needful action of these areas.
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Lin, Hui, Ya Zhou Ji, Liang Liang, Wei Liu, and Zhao Ling Hu. "Reconstruction of Three Dimensional City Model Based on LIDAR." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5648.
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The research of Three Dimensional City Model (3DCM) has become a hot topic in GIS field in recent years, and it also has played an important role in traffic, land, mining, surveying and mapping, and other fields, especially in urban planning. However, the difficulty to acquire 3D data is the key obstacle to the further development of 3DCM. Airborne LIDAR, integrating GPS, INS and scanning laser rangefinder, can rapidly acquire the 3D position of ground by airplane, which is very economical, efficient and convenient to acquire 3D data. Because traditional three-dimensional data acquisition method can’t meet the need of the city’s fast development, airborne LIDAR technology is regarded as a convenient, swift, high-efficient three-dimensional data acquisition method. Compared with traditional methods, the airborne LIDAR technology has the following characteristics: 1) High efficiency: in 12 hours, the airborne LIDAR can scan 1000 square kilometers, next, with the help of the related post-processing software, LIDAR cloud data can transform them into GIS format or other receivable format in certain automatic or semiautomatic mode. 2) High precision: because the pulse of laser light isn’t easily subject to shadow and solar angle, it greatly improves the data quality. The flight height limit has no influence on its elevation data precision, which is superior to the conventional photogrammetry. The plane precision may achieve 0.15 to 1 meter, the elevation precision may achieve 10 centimeters. 3) All-weather feature: airborne LIDAR is active remote sensing without considering the digital aerial photogrammetry. 4) Rich information: with the aid of airborne LIDAR ,we can obtains not only the three dimensional coordinate of ground point, but also the three dimensional coordinate of terrain details, such as trees, buildings, roads. If it is integrated with CCD, it could gains image information. We acquired the airborne LIDAR data of 20 square kilometers in the central area of Shanghai using ALTM3100 airborne LIDAR system of the Optech company in 2006.This paper introduces the data processing procedure of the airborne LIDAR data, LIDAR system uses random commercial software to process plane GPS tracking data、plane attitude data、 laser ranging data and the swinging angle data of laser scanning mirror, finally, obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates(X,Y,Z) data of various surveying points. Which three-dimensional discrete dot matrix data is without attribute suspending in the air namely LIDAR original data, named “point cloud”. LIDAR data performs pre-processing to obtain digital surface model (DSM), which is classified and extracted, we acquire topography and object related to modeling, preparing for three-dimensional city model. Data pre-processing includes abnormal point deletion, coordinate transformation and flight strip combination. At present, we used famous business software TerraSolid, developed by Company of Finland to realize the classification and extraction from the LIDAR data TerraSolid depends on MicroStation platform, on the basis of classification and extraction algorithms presented by Axelsson, et al. of Swedish, including a lot of module such as TerraScan, TerraModeler and TerraPhoto. TerraScan is used in the field of LIDAR data classification and extraction, TerraModeler is used for producing and dealing with various planes, TerraPhoto is used for dealing with the primitive image, topography model and building model are got by using this software, complicated artificial building (Oriental Pearl, Jin Mao mansion etc.) need artificial repair and disposal, data processing of 20 sq. km. takes more than one month, efficiency has been improved greatly on the premise of guaranteeing the precision. Topography model and building model can be obtained by using TerraSolid and combining a few manual intervention based on DSM, The topography model is expressed with the triangulated irregular network (TIN), the building model is expressed with 3ds format, three dimensional model of non - texture of Lujiazui region of Shanghai was gained by LIDAR data. In order to achieving better visualization effect, the topography model overlaps orthophoto, and stuck true texture to building model, true city landscape of Lujiazui region of Shanghai is established. This paper has introduce post-processing procedure of airborne LIDAR data systematically, has realized the fast reconstruction of three-dimension urban model based on LIDAR data, enable this technology to serve the information construction of the city better.
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Zhang, Xue-bo, and Ming Yang. "Determination of Optimal Extrication Location of High Extraction Roadway of Large-Mining-Height Fully Mechanized Face." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (November 11, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5145746.
Full textAbstract:
Determining the optimal extrication location of the high extraction roadway can improve the gas extrication effect of highly gassy mine and solve the problem of gas concentration overrun at the upper corner, which is of great significance to safety and efficient mine production. According to the actual situation of mine, the gas gushing amount in the goaf, pressure difference at both ends of the working face, the 3D porosity, and permeability distribution of the caving zone and fissure zone were obtained by field measurement and numerical calculation. Through theoretical calculation, the proper extraction site of a high-position alley was determined. On this basis, the optimal extraction site of a high-position alley was determined by numerical analysis of the gas extraction effect at different sites. The results show that as the perpendicular distance between high-position alley and goaf floor increases, the gas extraction amount increases first and then decreases. The concentration of extraction gas gradually increases, and the increasing trend is gradually diminished. With the increase of the horizontal distance between the air return way and the high-position alley, the gas extraction amount and gas extraction concentration increase first and then decrease. The optimal extraction site of a high-position alley should be 39 m vertically away from the goaf floor and 30 m horizontally away from the air return way.
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Chen, Baobao, and Changyou Liu. "Analysis and Application on Controlling Thick Hard Roof Caving with Deep-Hole Position Presplitting Blasting." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (October 17, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9763137.
Full textAbstract:
For the thick hard roof (THR) in Datong mining area, mining operations often led to large-scale hanging-roof and frequent and strong strata behavior, threatening mining safety seriously. Based on the instability mechanism, the fracture model for THR was established, including rock blocks articulation and combined cantilever beam, and the limit initial and periodic intervals of THR were determined to be 36.0 m and 8.0 m, respectively. The study proposed the deep-hole presplitting blasting (DPB) for weakening THR for mitigating strong strata behaviors. Blasting-induced fracture characteristics were calculated, determining the charging coefficient and holes spacing. LS-DYNA was employed for establishing a DPB model to analyze crack evolution under the synergistic action of blasting stress wave and detonation gas and the attenuation characteristics for rock peak particle velocity, verifying the rationality of blasting parameters. Field measurement analysis indicated that the immediate roof induced a timely collapse to fill the goaf and the THR was effectively cut off near the presplitting line. Meanwhile, the working resistance was utilized with safety allowance. The field application showed the DPB on controlled THR caving achieved the significant effect.
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Guo, Xiaofei, Yongen Li, Guangdong Zhou, Zengji He, Haoran Yu, and Yichang Xu. "Stability Analysis and Reasonable Layout of Floor Drainage Roadway above Confined Water and under Mining Influence." Geofluids 2021 (March 12, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5578717.
Full textAbstract:
The surrounding rock failure range of floor drainage roadway under the mining influence and its effect on the aquiclude are the key to determine the aquiclude thickness of the floor. This paper studied the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock plastic zone by the numerical simulation when the floor drainage roadway was located at different positions under the working face and determined the rational position. Results show that (1) when the floor drainage roadway is staggered inward, the floor surrounding rock is prone to appear the butterfly plastic zone under single work face mining. And the butterfly plastic zone increases sharply after being affected by secondary mining of adjacent working face. (2) When the floor drainage roadway is staggered outward, the floor surrounding rock plastic zone extends gently affected by a single working face. And the depth of the plastic zone has no obvious change after being affected by secondary mining of adjacent working face. (3) According to the risk of water inrush, the three layout schemes can be ranked as follows: stagger inward 25 m > stagger inward 80 m > stagger outward 15 m . (4) Considering the floor stress environment, gas extraction efficiency, and water prevention and control, the reasonable location of floor drainage roadway below the No. 11060 working face of Zhaogu No. 2 Coal Mine was finally determined. It was arranged in the sandy mudstone layer on the upper part of L9 limestone under the middle part of coal pillar and was drived along the seam floor.
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Karrenbach, Martin, Joel Warneke, Steve Cole, and Melissa Emuh. "Interferometric salt-flank estimation." Interpretation 3, no. 3 (2015): SW37—SW49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0261.1.
Full textAbstract:
Accurately determining the position of salt-sediment interfaces is important in oil and gas exploration, salt mining, and [Formula: see text] or oil and gas storage operations. We used seismic waves from a vertical seismic profile conducted above a salt dome in Texas to image a 2D vertical slice of the salt flank that was longer than can be obtained with traditional depth migration methods alone. This was possible by combining interferometric imaging methods with data from 100 3C receiver positions over a 1524 m (5000 ft) spread in a borehole close to the flank. Interferometry was used to construct virtual source gathers at the receiver positions within the salt body. This velocity-independent redatuming process effectively moved the sources from the surface to the borehole, removed complications of the overlying geology, and provided favorable illumination of the suspected flank position. Full-waveform elastic forward modeling helped us to understand and confirm the flank position. From the processed virtual source data, we created a 2D image in the source-receiver plane. In effect, we have created an imaging problem geometrically equivalent to that of a simple 2D surface seismic line rotated by 90°, with the requirement that we knew the velocity model only within the salt body. Interferometric imaging of the salt flank reduced the picking ambiguity and provided a direct depth image that was unaffected by overburden effects where the salt-flank location could be interpreted more confidently. Ultimately, we were able to image the salt flank over 1371 m (4500 ft) of depth with a lateral resolution in the order of 45–60 m (150–200 ft). The original data were obtained with more traditional imaging methods and cost considerations in mind, but the emergence of interferometric imaging methods suggested significant improvements to the acquisition strategy that would optimize the illumination of the subsurface.
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Jiang, Bangyou, Shitan Gu, Wenshuai Li, Guangchao Zhang, and Jihua Zhang. "Case Studies of Comprehensive Gas Control Method during Fully Mechanized Caving of Low-Permeability Ultrathick Coal Seams." Geofluids 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5558678.
Full textAbstract:
Slicing fully mechanized caving mining is a standard high-efficiency mining method for ultrathick coal seams. However, the effectiveness of gas control has accentuated the difficulty in fully mechanized top coal caving of low-permeability ultrathick coal seams. This study focused on mining the No. 9-15 coal in Liuhuanggou Coal Mine, Xinjiang Province, China. To this aim, the results of theoretical analyses and field tests were combined to explore a comprehensive gas control method for fully mechanized caving of low-permeability ultrathick coal seams. The No. (9-15)06 panel was a top-slicing panel of the No. 9-15 coal with a mining height of 9 m. Gas analysis results revealed that gas emissions in the No. (9-15)06 panel are mainly sourced from the coal wall, caving top coal, goaf, and neighboring coal seams. Based on gas source separation, a comprehensive gas control method was proposed. The proposed method was based on the combination of gas predrainage alongside the coal seam, high-position drilling on the top, preburial of pipes in the goaf, and pressure-balancing ventilation. The permeability and gas predrainage were enhanced by hydraulic fracturing in low-permeability coal seams. According to the characterizations of coal seam and crustal stress distribution, the arrangement of the boreholes and backward-segmented fracturing technology were designed. From the field results, the coal seam presented a remarkable prefracturing under hydraulic fracturing. Besides, the mean gas predrainage from the boreholes was enhanced by four times compared to the prehydraulic fracturing state. Finally, using the proposed comprehensive control method based on the gas sources, field tests were performed in the No. (9-15)06 panel. The measured results demonstrated that gas concentration in the return airflow is fluctuated within a range of 0.05% to 0.35%. The proposed gas control method can provide an insightful reference for other similar projects.
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Ti, Zhengyi, Jiazhen Li, Meng Wang, Kang Wang, Zhupeng Jin, and Caiwang Tai. "Fracture Mechanism in Overlying Strata during Longwall Mining." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4764732.
Full textAbstract:
We used the key stratum theory to establish a more realistic thin-plate mechanical model of elastic foundation clamped boundary and study the fracture mechanism of overlying strata during longwall mining. We analyzed the fracture characteristics and factors affecting fracture of the key stratum combined with the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. Besides, we used numerical simulation methods to verify the evolution pattern of the overlying strata fracture. The results show that the fracture mechanisms of the elastic foundation clamped structure’s key stratum varied depending on the position under longwall mining. The advanced coal wall area of the upper surface is a compressive-shear fracture. The center area of the lower surface is a tensile fracture. With the increase of the excavation length and the load of the key stratum, the central area and the advanced coal wall area of the long side are fractured before the advanced coal wall area of the short side. With the increase of flexural rigidity of the key stratum, the advanced coal wall area of the long side fractures before the central area and the advanced coal wall area of the short side. With the increase of the foundation modulus and the advanced load of the key stratum, the central area fractures before the surrounding advanced coal wall area. The advanced influence distance was positively correlated with the key stratum’s flexural rigidity and advanced load and negatively correlated with the foundation modulus and excavation length. The advanced influence distance was not affected by the load of the key stratum. The numerical simulation results show that, with the increase of the mining area, the fracture trace of overlying strata in goaf extended to the coal wall’s interior. The fracture range of overlying strata is larger than that of the miningd: area. This study has a practical value for water disasters, gas outbursts, and rock strata control.
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Xue, Fei, and Xiaowei Feng. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution Law and Influencing Factors of the Mining-Induced Deformation and Failure of Gas Boreholes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (August 15, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9580526.
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Because gas boreholes are easy to damage by integrated coal mining and gas exploration, based on the practice of relieving pressure in deep thin coal seams in the Huainan mining area, a multidimensional coupling numerical simulation method was used to reveal the space-time evolution characteristics and influence factors of fracture deformation of gob-side gas boreholes. Results indicate that the danger zone for borehole fractures is primarily between 5 and 12 m above the roof of the roadway. The final-hole position has little effect on the stability of boreholes, and migrating the open-hole position to the entity coal side and roadway roof side can improve the stability of the borehole. The initial failure of the borehole occurs at a distance of 10 m behind the coal face. The failure of the borehole is largely stable at a distance of 100 to 120 m behind the coal face. With the increase in mining height, which leads to an increase in the movement of strata and an increase in pressure relief range, the shear stability of the borehole is reduced, and the extrusion stability of the borehole is improved. A hard roof condition promotes borehole shear stability, while a weak roof condition promotes borehole extrusion stability. This change can decrease the maintenance difficulty associated with “minor supports” in boreholes to a certain extent by reinforcing the support strength of “primary supports” in roadway retaining walls. The simulation results are consistent with observed results for the 11 test boreholes, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified.
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Cheng, Cheng, Xiaoyu Cheng, Rui Yu, Wenping Yue, and Chao Liu. "The Law of Fracture Evolution of Overlying Strata and Gas Emission in Goaf under the Influence of Mining." Geofluids 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2752582.
Full textAbstract:
Mining is associated with poor safety due to pressure relief gas emission from the goaf during the production period. The aim of this study was to explore a case study of the Wangjialing coal mine 12322 working face in Shanxi, China, through physical simulation and field observation. The mine is characterized by overlying strata fracture in goaf during the process of working face mining. A mathematical model of gas source emission from the working face and gas migration and the finite element COMSOL software were used to simulate the law of gas migration in the region with overlying strata fissures under the influence of mining. The simulation results were used to explore the law of distribution of pressure relief gas in goaf. Rational parameters of the high-level directional long borehole for the pressure relief gas extraction in goaf were designed based on experimental results. The results showed that the development of the region with overlying strata fissures is affected by mining. In addition, the “trapezoid platform structure” is formed after fracture areas are connected. The maximum height of the stope caving zone was between 26.8 m and 28.1 m, and the maximum height of the fracture zone was approximately 110 m. The gas concentration exhibited a saddle-shaped distribution on the cut surface of the direction of the strike. Furthermore, the gas concentration showed an overall upward trend from the intake airflow roadway to the return airflow roadway and gradually decreased after reaching the maximum. In the vertical direction, gas concentration increased with the increase in the layer, and the position of the highest point of gas concentration gradually shifted to the direction of the intake airflow roadway. Construction parameters of the high directional long borehole were designed through simulation results. After steady extraction and stable extraction, the maximum gas concentration in the upper corner of the working face was 0.49%, and the maximum gas concentration in return airflow was 0.34%. The findings of this study provide information on the law of fracture evolution of overlying strata and gas migration in goaf under the influence of mining. These findings provide a basis for reducing gas overlimit in the working face or return airway corner, thus improving the safety production capacity of the coal mine.
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Zhang, Pingsong, Yuanchao Ou, Chang Liu, Binyang Sun, and Chong Xu. "Stability of a Roadway below a Coal Seam under Dynamic Pressure: A Case Study of the 11123 Floor Gas Drainage Roadway of a Mine in Huainan, China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 9, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8478043.
Full textAbstract:
Coal and gas outburst is an important risk faced by coal seam mining in the Huainan region of China. In order to control gas outburst, the gas is predrained by digging a floor gas drainage roadway. To study deformation due to dynamic pressure, the failure characteristics of the floor, and their effect on the stability of the floor gas drainage roadway, a comprehensive monitoring method combining Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry- (BOTDR-) distributed fiber optics and self-potential exploration was adopted. Dynamic data monitoring of the rock strata between the 11123 working face floor and the floor gas drainage roadway of a mine in Huainan was carried out. The field data obtained showed that, when stabilized by rock bolts and other fixed components in the surrounding rock mass of the floor gas drainage roadway, under the influence of mining, the area of concentrated stress appeared at a depth of 20.7 m, when cracks eventually formed, but the overall structural stability of the surrounding rock mass remained good. The stress distribution and crack evolution of the bottom plate under the influence of dynamic pressure showed spatiotemporal characteristics. Of these, the effect of the lead support stress was 107.48 m, and the range of effect of the hysteresis stress was 34.42 m. When the working face mining position arrives and is far from the monitoring station, the failure depth of floor rock stratum shows the following rule: unchanged in the early stage, deepened continuously in the middle stage, and finally remained stable. It takes about eight days for the dynamic adjustment of this process to finally stabilize. The results of this study can provide guidance for devising suitable procedures for carrying out intelligent green safety mining and for warning about the hazards of roadway damage.
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Schouten, Peter W., Ashok Sharma, Stewart Burn, and Nigel Goodman. "Spatial and short-term temporal distribution of fugitive methane and nitrous oxide emission from a decentralised sewage mining plant: a pilot study." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 1 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2013.070.
Full textAbstract:
The decentralisation of wastewater treatment operations exposes several environmental consequences. This includes the fugitive emission of two greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). The magnitude of these emissions is presently unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the extent of the release of N2O and CH4 gas from decentralised wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in order to quantify the impact these emissions will have on the environment and to determine strategies to reduce them. Specifically, this pilot study employed an online non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analyser and flux hood to evaluate the spatial and short-term temporal distribution of N2O and CH4 flux over half a day, from an aeration tank system within a decentralised sewage mining plant. The aeration tank system was able to emit N2O fluxes of up to 11.6 g N2O m−2 day−1 and CH4 fluxes of up to 1.1 g CH4 m−2 day−1. The N2O and CH4 fluxes varied rapidly over short time intervals in the same position (as high as 45% for N2O and 36% for CH4) and could almost triple in magnitude between two different positions across the surface of the aeration tank (within a distance no greater than 1.5 to 2 m).
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Turunen, Esko, and Klara Dolos. "Revealing Driver’s Natural Behavior—A GUHA Data Mining Approach." Mathematics 9, no. 15 (2021): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9151818.
Full textAbstract:
We investigate the applicability and usefulness of the GUHA data mining method and its computer implementation LISp-Miner for driver characterization based on digital vehicle data on gas pedal position, vehicle speed, and others. Three analytical questions are assessed: (1) Which measured features, also called attributes, distinguish each driver from all other drivers? (2) Comparing one driver separately in pairs with each of the other drivers, which are the most distinguishing attributes? (3) Comparing one driver separately in pairs with each of the other drivers, which attributes values show significant differences between drivers? The analyzed data consist of 94,380 measurements and contain clear and understandable patterns to be found by LISp-Miner. In conclusion, we find that the GUHA method is well suited for such tasks.
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Wu, Heng, Benwei Li, Shufan Zhao, Xinyi Yang, and Hanqiang Song. "Research on Initial Installed Power Loss of a Certain Type of Turbo-Shaft Engine Using Data Mining and Statistical Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (September 24, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9412350.
Full textAbstract:
The installed positions of three domestic turbo-shaft engines mounted on a certain type of ship-borne helicopter interfere with the intake air flow of the engines, resulting in a decline of engine performance after initial installation. Due to the difference of load and adjustment method under the bench and installed conditions, it is necessary to study the change in gas turbine power rather than output shaft power of the engine before and after installation to evaluate the engine initial installed power loss. In this paper, quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) is applied to optimize the calculation of gas turbine power at different steady states based on the component-level aerodynamic thermal model of gas generator. Then, extreme learning machine (ELM) is adopted for regressive identification of the established gas generator state assessment model based on data mining and the identification model is applied to engine installed condition. Finally, statistical analysis of engine initial installed gas turbine power loss at three installed positions is carried out, respectively. Results show that the values of engine initial installed gas turbine power loss at three installed positions all conform to the normal distribution, the mean values are 1.658%, 9.828%, and 5.089%, respectively, and a confidence interval with 95% confidence level of the mean values are (1.388%, 1.928%), (9.178%, 10.478%) and (4.308%, 5.870%), which can provide references for determining the power monitoring thresholds after engine installation.
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Wang, Gang, Yang Zhao, Zeheng Ding, and Xiaohu Zhao. "An Online Calibration Method Based on n-Tuple and Opportunistic Communication for Mine Mass Portable Gas Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 7 (2021): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072451.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the increasing deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the mining industry, portable gas monitoring devices have been widely used. Sensor calibration of large-scale portable gas monitoring devices is becoming an urgent problem to be solved. An online sensor calibration algorithm based on n-tuple and opportunistic communication is proposed based on the specific characteristics (i.e., ‘single-sensor, multi-position’ and ‘multi-sensor, single-position’) of each portable gas monitoring device employed. In this paper, data collected from portable and fixed sensors were defined as multi-dimensional data points and gas monitoring data pairs, respectively. The cluster-based self-adaptive weighted data fusion algorithm and multi-period single sensor reliability fusion algorithm were proposed and used for overall judging. The overall judgments were broadcast to each wireless access point by network, and the reliability of the calibration information transmission was enhanced by opportunistic communications. The simulation results revealed that efforts required for the calibration of portable sensors were reduced significantly, and their reliability was improved.
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Shang, Yuqi, Guiyi Wu, Qinzhi Liu, Dezhong Kong, and Qiang Li. "The Drainage Horizon Determination of High Directional Long Borehole and Gas Control Effect Analysis." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3370170.
Full textAbstract:
In order to effectively solve the problem of gas concentration overrun in the upper corner of goaf and tailentry during the mining of panel 9303 in Anshun Coal Mine, based on the advantages of controllable trajectory and wide coverage area of directional drilling technology, high directional long boreholes are arranged in tailentry 9303 to extract pressure relief gas. Firstly, the principle of high directional long borehole drainage technology is introduced, and the fracture evolution of overlying strata is obtained through using numerical simulation, theoretical calculation, and field practice, and the fracture evolution range is determined to be 6–12.69 m, and rationality of fracture height obtained by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation is verified by the method of field borehole peep observation. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the best location of the final hole is within the range of 6–12.69 m of the roof of coal seam 9#. The field practice has proved that the final hole position of the high directional long borehole is arranged at 12 m from the roof of coal seam 9#, and the average gas extraction concentration can reach 40%–50% after the borehole enters the stable extraction stage, the purity of gas extraction is up to 8.5 m3/min, and the gas concentration in the upper corner of panel 9303 is stable below 0.5% during mining, which achieves good gas drainage and control effect and provides a new way for gas control under similar geological conditions.
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Cheng, Guo Qiang, and Yan Jin Song. "The Evolution Rules of Overlying Strata Porosity Influenced by Mining Activation." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.21.
Full textAbstract:
Rock is a type of natural material containing microcracks. The evolution of mining-induced fracture field is one of the main problems of gas comprehensive control and rock mass seepage. The distribution of fissures and porosity in overlying strata under the mining influence were studied in this paper. The stratum subsidence was represented quantitatively using elastic thin plate theory and key strata theory. Based on the stratum subsidence, a program calculating porosity in overlying strata was developed based on VB. The results demonstrate that the porosity increase with face advances. The porosity becomes small with the decrease of strata depth, and the bigger separation is located in the strata below the key strata. The amount of the fissures in the middle part of overlying strata is more than that in two ends, and the porosity curves present symmetric arch shape in the initial stage. With face advances, the curves of porosity in the strata located the upper position change symmetric arch shape into saddle shape.
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Szczerbowski, Zbigniew. "High-energy seismic events in Legnica–Głogów Copper District in light of ASG-EUPOS data." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 107, no. 1 (2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0004.
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AbstractSeismic events in the area of Poland are related mostly to copper and coal mining, and they are regarded as the most dangerous natural hazard. Although development of geomechanical modelling as the development of geophysical methods determining seismic hazard are evident, low predictability of the time-effect relationship still remains. Geomechanical models as geophysical data analysis highlight the interaction between parts of rock mass or allow to reconstruct the way of rock mass destruction and to understand the processes that take place in the high-energy tremors.However, the association of larger mining tremors with pre-existing geological features has been reported by many investigators; in geomechanical practice, investigations of rock mass condition concentrate on this problem in the local scale. Therefore, the problem of relations between high-energy seismic events in Legnica–Głogów Copper District (LGCD) and regional scale deformations of terrain surface resulting from possible tectonic activity is discussed in this paper. The GNSS data evaluated from the observations of ASG-EUPOS (Active Geodetic Network – EUPOS) stations in the area of LGCD and in the adjacent areas is analysed in this study. Temporal variation of distances between the stations and evaluated on that base so called apparent strain was combined with the occurrence of high-energy tremors. Consequently, after the examination and analysis of occurrences of mining tremors, it is found that high-energy seismic events and periods of strain accumulation evaluated from GPS/GNSS data have temporal relations. Although the seismic events were triggered by mining, nearly all the events with energy E > 108 J occurred in the periods when the analysed stations’ positions demonstrated a decrease in the baseline length.
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Zainal, Rabin Ibnu. "Analisis Stakeholder di Wilayah Operasional Perusahaan Pertambangan Migas." MBIA 19, no. 3 (2020): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/mbia.v19i3.1164.
Full textAbstract:
Mining companies, such as oil and gas mining, are categorized as having a very risky impact on the environment and surrounding communities. For this reason, mining companies are encouraged to identify stakeholders in the company's operation area, and then communicate and strategize with these stakeholders to mitigate the impact that may arise from the company's operations. Stakeholder analysis approaches are often used to identify stakeholders. In addition, stakeholder analysis also provides an overview of the attributes of each stakeholder related to power, influence and legitimacy. Qualitative methods are used in research based on interviews and observations with all parties related to the operations of oil and gas companies. Through this method, stakeholders are identified in the community, local government and internal oil and gas mining companies. Each identified stakeholder was also analyzed for each attribute, and research finds that each stakeholder has different attributes. Stakeholder attributes affect the position of these stakeholders, and surely affect the relationship between these stakeholders and other stakeholders. The research concludes that a different approach strategy is required from each stakeholder based on the attributes possessed by these stakeholders.
 
 Abstrak
 Perusahaan pertambangan, seperti pertambangan minyak dan gas dikategorikan memiliki dampak sangat beresiko terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar. Untuk itu perusahaan pertambangan didorong untuk mengidentifikasi para pemangku kepentingan (stakeholder) yang berada di wilayah operasi perusahaan tersebut, dan selanjutnya melakukan komunikasi dan strategi dengan stakeholder tersebut untuk memitigasi dampak yang mungkin ditimbulkan dari operasional perusahaan. Analisis pendekatan stakeholder sering digunakan untuk megidentifikasi para pemangku kepentingan. Selain itu, analisis stakeholder juga memberikan gambaran tentang atribut dari setiap stakeholder terkait dengan kekuasaan, pengaruh, dan legitimasi. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian dengan berdasarkan wawancara dan observasi dengan seluruh pihak yang terkait dengan operasional perusahaan migas. Melalui metode ini, teridentifikasi stakeholder yang terdapat di masyarakat, pemerintah daerah dan internal perusahaan pertambangan migas. Setiap stakeholder yang teridentifikasi juga dianalisis setiap atributnya, dan ditemukan bahwa setiap stakeholder memiliki atribut yang berbeda-beda. Atribut stakeholder mempengaruhi posisi stakeholder tersebut, dan tentunya mempengaruhi hubungan stakeholder tersebut dengan stakeholder lainnya. Penelitian memberikan kesimpulan bahwa diperlukan strategi pendekatan yang berbeda dari setiap stakeholder berdasarkan atribut yang dimiliki oleh stakeholder tersebut. 
 Kata kunci: Analisis Stakeholder, Perusahaan Migas, Kekuasaan, Legitimasi, Urgensi.
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Li, Tengteng, Bing Wu, and Baiwei Lei. "Study on the Optimization of a Gas Drainage Borehole Drainage Horizon Based on the Evolution Characteristics of Mining Fracture." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234499.
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Gas disaster restricts the safety development of coal mine. The technology of high-level borehole gas drainage is an important means to reduce the gas concentration in goaf. In order to determine the best position of the end of gas drainage hole, in this paper, based on the geological conditions of Xinyuan coal mine 31009 working face, a series of numerical simulation is carried out; and through the field test, the dynamic change of gas concentration in different height of borehole is monitored. The results show that: When the working face advances to different distances, there are four characteristic distribution areas in the horizontal direction: the fracture area of the original rock stratum, fracture channel generation and development area, fracture channel mature area and fracture channel closure area. Although the drilling horizon is different, the change of gas concentration in drilling can be divided into four stages: gas stabilization stage, gas initial change stage, gas fluctuation stage and gas re-stabilization stage. The variation of borehole concentration can reflect the evolution characteristics of fracture area. The response time of gas change in different layers is also different. In the gas initial change stage and the gas re-stabilization stage, the low-level borehole first responds. The response of gas change in high-level drilling is a long process, so the effect of high-level drilling is better than that of low-level drilling. For 31009 working face, the best gas drainage layer is 32m, and the field gas drainage has achieved good practical results. This study can provide some guidance for the prevention and control of gas disaster in goaf.
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Cristóbal, Teresa, Gabino Padrón, Alexis Quesada, Francisco Alayón, Gabriel de Blasio, and Carmelo R. García. "Using Data Mining to Analyze Dwell Time and Nonstop Running Time in Road-Based Mass Transit Systems." Proceedings 2, no. 19 (2018): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2191217.
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Travel Time plays a key role in the quality of service in road-based mass transit systems. In this type of mass transit systems, travel time of a public transport line is the sum of the dwell time at each bus stop and the nonstop running time between pair of consecutives bus stops of the line. The aim of the methodology presented in this paper is to obtain the behavior patterns of these times. Knowing these patterns, it would be possible to reduce travel time or its variability to make more reliable travel time predictions. To achieve this goal, the methodology uses data related to check-in and check-out movements of the passengers and vehicles GPS positions, processing this data by Data Mining techniques. To illustrate the validity of the proposal, the results obtained in a case of use in presented.
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Gwiazda, Aleksander. "Design of the Roof Support with Strait-Line Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.553.
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One of the most important aspects of machine designing is to balance between the economic requirements and the safety ones. Taking into account these requirements it was conducted the design work to elaborate the new concept of the mining roof support that fulfil them. The mining roof support is a mining equipment that has the most influence on the safety of work in deep coal mines and on the productivity of deep mines. Moreover the hydraulic roof support generally accounts for over 50% of the total value of a coal mining and excavating system. It is consider not only with the complexity of the roof support but also with the accepted direction of the development of mining supports. Generally designers elaborate heavier constructions with prof of larger diameters and loads. In this way the support system must be prepare not only to withdraw the rock mass forces but also the forces generated by its hydraulic system. These prerequisites underlie the new project of a roof support. This project bases also on many Polish patents concerning the mechanical devices and hydraulic equipment of a mining roof support. The main idea of the work was to elaborate the scheme of a support that will be compatible with the system of loads generating by the rock mass and by the conditions of work in a deep mine. As a result it was proposed the concept of a hydraulic roof support equipped with four props that work only in a vertical position. To realize that task it was proposed the special designed strait-line mechanism protected by Polish patent. This mechanism is supported by gas springs with low resistance. These springs help to eliminate horizontal forces loaded the construction. It has been also designed special flexible roof part (also patented) that allows to eliminate the horizontal component of roof rock loads. The hydraulic system is equipped with gas dampers that compensate dynamic loads during bumps in longwalls. The design of the dampers is also patented. In the result of design process the new concept of the roof support have been elaborated. One prototype has been manufactured. According to analysis it is about half the weight of standard roof support and the cost of it reaches the 50% of a standard support. It should be the optimal proposal for the European mining industry.
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Zhao, Enbiao, Kangnan Li, Xin Yang, and Nan Deng. "Speculum Observation and Trajectory Measurement in Gas Extraction Drilling: A Case Study of Changling Coal Mine." Geofluids 2021 (April 1, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5545067.
Full textAbstract:
Coal will still be China’s basic energy for quite a long time. With the increase of mining depth, gas content and pressure also increase. The problems of gas emission and overrun affect the safety and efficient production of coal resource to a certain extent. In this work, the field test of gas drainage borehole peeping and trajectory measurement in coal seam of Changling coal mine are carried out. These coal seams include C5b coal seam, upper adjacent C5a coal seam, C6a coal seams, C6c in lower adjacent strata, and C5b coal seam in high-level borehole. The view of gas drainage borehole peeping and trajectory measurement in the working seam, upper adjacent layer, lower adjacent layer, and high position are obtained. It is found that the hole collapses at the position of about 20 m in both adjacent strata and high-level boreholes, and there are a lot of cracks in the high-level boreholes before 12 m. The deviation distance of high-level borehole is large, and the actual vertical deviation of upper adjacent layer is small. Finally, the strategies to prevent the deviation of drilling construction are put forward. It includes four aspects: ensuring the reliability of drilling equipment, reasonably controlling the drilling length, standardizing the drilling, and reasonably selecting the drilling process parameters.
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Makarov, Vladimir. "Method of effective circulation control of high speed fans impellors." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-4-92-100.
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Research relevance. The high-level competitiveness of Russian oil and gas sector enterprises in the global economic space is impossible to reach without accelerating the restructuring of existing air-cooling apparatuses and developing new ones. It should be carried out with regard to modern technology introduction and advanced achievements in mining. The cost of gas cooling during its transportation via main gas pipelines in the cost structure reaches 22%. Besides, annual energy wastage on compressed gas cooling by fan installations is commensurate with the cost of the air cooling devices. It is essential to develop active means of air conditioning units control in order to improve their efficiency and aerodynamic adaptability that affect the competitiveness of oil and gas enterprises. ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 4, 2021 99 Research aim is to develop a mathematical model for fan unit parameters active control. Research methods are based on the experimentally proven hypothesis about the dependence between the control flow rate on the impeller blades and the position of the rear critical points of the blades. Research results. A method was developed based on conformal transformations, the theory of residues, singular equations, and hydrodynamic analogy. The dependence between the position of the profiles critical points and flow circulation was obtained. The dependence of the aerodynamic adaptability of the fan units in air conditioning devices on effective critical point position and the energy characteristics of the impeller blades flow controlling source has been established. A patent was obtained for the fan unit impeller with active circulation control from air flow sources from the fan casing. High efficiency of the developed circulation control method for increasing the operational efficiency and aerodynamic adaptability of air-cooled fan units has been proved. An aerodynamic scheme of ОV 121TN was developed. A fan unit OGM VU2.7-1.8K4 with aerodynamic adaptability increased by 34% was created.
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Ye, Zhenni, Enke Hou, Huantong Li, Zhonghui Duan, and Fan Wu. "Analysis of Gas Content and Permeability Change Pattern of a Coal Reservoir in the Tectonic Positions Based on a THM Coupled Model." Geofluids 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5562545.
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The theory of coalbed methane distribution controlled by tectonism is a hot issue in the field of geofluid-geotectonic interaction research. Taking the geological structure in the scale range of the 1302 working face of a Guojiahe wellfield in a Yonglong mining area as the background, this paper focuses on the basic research problem of the influence of geological structure on the control of coal reservoir gas content and uses a THM coupling model to analyze the change of coalbed gas content and distribution characteristics of different tectonic positions. The change of CBM content and permeability in the anticline, syncline, and faults is analyzed. Accordingly, the variation distance of gas content and reservoir permeability controlled by tectonism of different geological structures is quantified to provide guidance for the selection of CBM-favorable areas. The research results show that the gentle dip syncline hinge zone is a potential gas-rich area with heat preservation and low permeability, while the gentle dip anticline hinge zone is a gas-poor area with low temperature and low pressure and high permeability. The thick coal seam zone of the syncline hinge zone is the potential gas accumulation zone, and the high-permeability area is near the fault plane of a normal fault. The coal matrix near the normal fault is subjected to tensile tectonic stresses to form tensional fissures, and the coal seam in the fault plane area is susceptible to coalbed gas dispersion and increases the permeability of the coal reservoir. The variation distance of gas content and reservoir permeability controlled by the normal fault within the Guojiahe wellfield is 37 m and 54 m from the fault plane, respectively.
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Chotěborský, R., M. Navrátilová, and P. Hrabě. "Effects of MIG process parameters on the geometry and dilution of the bead in the automatic surfacing." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 2 (2011): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/19/2010-rae.
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Automatic weld surfacing is being employed increasingly in the process, mining and power industries. Gas metal arc welding has become a natural choice for automatic surfacing due to its important properties. These include: high reliability, all positions capabilities, ease of use, low cost and high productivity. With increasing use of gas metal arc welding in its automatic mode, the use of mathematical models to predict the dimensions of the weld bead has become necessary. The development of such mathematical equations using a four factor central factorial technique to predict the geometry of the weld bead in the deposition of OK Tubrodur 15.43 electrode onto structural steel S235JR is discussed. The models developed have been checked for their adequacy and significance by using the F test and the Student’s t test, respectively
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Ruiz- Serna, Marco Antonio, Guillermo Arturo Alzate- Espinosa, Andrés Felipe Obando- Montoya, and Hernán Dario Álvarez- Zapata. "Combined artificial intelligence modeling for production forecast in a petroleum production field." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 9, no. 1 (2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.149.
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This paper presents the results about using a methodology that combines two artificial intelligence (AI) models to predict the oil, water and gas production in a Colombian petroleum field. By combining fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural networks (ANN) a novelty data mining procedure is implemented, including a data imputation strategy. The FL tool determines the most useful variables or parameters to include into each well production model. ANN and FIS (fuzzy inference systems) predictive models identification is developed after the data mining process. The FIS models are capable to predict specific behaviors, while ANN models are able to forecast an average behavior. The combined use of both tools under few iterative steps, allows to improve forecasting of well behavior until reach a specified accuracy level. The proposed data imputation procedure is the key element to correct false or to complete void positions into operation data used to identify models for a typical oil production field. At the end, two models are obtained for each well product, conforming an interesting tool given the best accurate prediction of fluid phase production.
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Pototskaya, Tatyana. "“Gas pipeline wars” in the post-Soviet space: geographical aspect." E3S Web of Conferences 159 (2020): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015902008.
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The article discusses the transformation of the territorial organization of gas pipeline transport in the post-Soviet period under the influence of the system of international relations that developed between the countries of the post-Soviet space. Notably, the author establishes the following major geographical factors affecting this process: the level of provision with natural gas and the peculiarities of the transport and geographical position of the countries. The author specifically emphasizes an active, consistent and purposeful policy on this issue in Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan, which reinforces and strengthens the geopolitical interests of these states in the examined region. Their competitive advantages are clearly indicated. Particular attention is focused on the possibility of multipurpose use of gas pipelines thanks to the connecting pipes created between them. The interest intersection of three categories of states was revealed: those of the countries in the post-Soviet space (Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan); those of Russia and countries located in the neighboring regions (EU, China, Turkey, Iran); those of the states actively involved in investing in geological exploration, creation of mining enterprises, gas storages, construction of compressor stations on them (USA, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, Japan, etc.).
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Bunaya, Bunaya. "ANALISIS SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI TERHADAP PENERIMAAN DAERAH KABUPATEN WAJO." JEKPEND: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pendidikan 2, no. 1 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jekpend.v2i1.9098.
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This study aims to find out the basic economic sector, strategic economic sectors and the potential to be developed as supporting regional revenues in Wajo District. The study was descriptive quantitative research which employed gross regional domestic product data and rate of economic growth in 2012-2016. The method analysis used Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share, and Klassen Typology. The results of the study reveal that the base sectors are agriculture, forestry and fishery, mining and excavation, procurement of electricity and gas, large and retail trade, and car and motorcycle repair; whereas, other sectors are included as non-base. The results of shift share method reveal that the competitive sectors are agriculture, forestry and fishery, government administration, mandatory defense and social security, educational services, transportation and warehousing, real estate, financial services, information and communication, health services and social activities, other services, provision of accommodation and food and beverage, company services, and procurement of electricity and gas. The result of Klassen typology indicates that there are two superior sectors, those are agriculture, forestry and fishery, and procurement of electricity and gas which are in quadrant I position
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Xie, Dao Lei, Jiu Chuan Wei, Hui Yong Yin, et al. "Three Dimensional Dynamic Monitoring Model of Groundwater Resources in Jiao Nan Feng He River Basin." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.211.
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Build strata three-dimensional structure model By GMS (Groundwater Modeling System) software about the Feng He River basin and on the basis of it place the groundwater water model to better show the groundwater level, buried depth, thickness, etc., at the same time display the locations of groundwater cordon. Groundwater cordon can be cut along with the strata and water and displayed on the cutting profile. Superimpose the model and satellite topographic map, so can select a specific position cutting three-dimensional model in order to understand a specific location or area of underground water level, water thickness, etc. Through the real-time update of groundwater level data to understand the utilization of groundwater mining in the study area, ensure the sustainable use of groundwater resources and realization of three dimensional dynamic monitoring of groundwater resources in the study area.
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Reid, Stephen, and Frank Decker. "The smart money: driving shareholder value through better capital allocation." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17150.
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As shareholder activism has grown both in its scope and influence, management teams are under increasing pressure to justify their decisions around the allocation of capital – whether it be through dividends, share buybacks, an expansion project, M&A or a greenfield project. However, for the oil and gas sector, much like the mining sector, it has been historically difficult to demonstrate continued excellence in capital decision making. In the past, capital intensive, long-dated projects (multi-billion dollar LNG developments) and large-scale M&A saw returns and pay-offs that were both distant and uncertain. Now, with so much investor scrutiny and focus on short term performance, demonstrated capital discipline is paramount – oil and gas leaders must think very carefully about where they allocate capital. Although they present their own challenges, capital allocation decisions, unlike commodity prices or the macroeconomic climate, are within the control of companies, and if a model can be developed to deliver long-term value, these decisions will position shareholders and their management teams well for the future. This paper will chart the performance of a sample of oil and gas companies against their decisions around capital allocation and cost-reduction. The paper will demonstrate to oil and gas leaders the importance of aligning their organisational strategies and balance sheet investments to create future value for shareholders.
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RUDSKAYA, Irina A., and Vladimir I. KURAKIN. "Analyzing the oil and gas industry development in the Russian Federation." Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 20, no. 7 (2021): 1214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.20.7.1214.
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Subject. The article considers development trends in the oil and gas market of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The purpose is to assess current trends and behavior of the Russian oil and gas market. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis of statistical data that describe development trends in the oil and gas industry in Russia and in other countries of the world, its importance and role in the economic system of Russia, its market structure and the level of innovative development. Results. We offer a scheme, illustrating the position of the oil and gas industry in the structure of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, consider the analytical reports of leading organizations in the industry. The latter enable to conclude on changes in the structure of fuel and energy consumption. We also identify development trends in the global fuel and energy complex and analyze the behavior of the share of oil and gas revenues in the formation of the tax burden, for the period, starting from 2012. Conclusions. Most technological innovations are carried out by organizations, producing electrical, electronic and optical equipment. The least innovative activity is observed in the field of mining. We substantiate the need to introduce and develop innovations in the fuel and energy complex, in connection with trends in intensification of various changes, occurring in the external environment (technologies, markets, society, regulatory policy of the State), increased competition in established markets, complexity of technological processes.
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GUANNAN, LIU, YE DAYU, YU BOMING, GAO FENG, and CHEN PEIJIAN. "A STUDY ON GAS DRAINAGE CONSIDERING COUPLING PROCESS OF FRACTURE-PORE MICROSTRUCTURE AND COAL DEFORMATION." Fractals 29, no. 02 (2021): 2150065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x21500651.
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Coal seam contains a large number of fractures, whose shape and structure of fissures are complicated, and they are the main channels for gas migration. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of the internal relationship between the microstructure and the macroscopic permeability is the key issue to increase the drainage volume. Some investigators discussed the permeability of coal seams based on the fractal theory, but the mechanisms of gas migration under the influence of fissure microstructures and coal deformation are still unclear. Moreover, most of the multi-process coupling analysis in the stage of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) mining was not taken into account. In this paper, the effects of fissure structures on the coal gas drainage rate in multi-field coupling are studied. Aiming at the mechanisms of gas drainage under the joint action of fracture structure, in-situ stress and adsorption deformation, we propose a two-scale multi-field coupling model, which takes into account the influences of micro fracture and pore structure. On this basis, we obtained the pressure evolution rule of coal seam pore system and fissure system and the distribution rule of coal seam displacement with drilling positions. Meanwhile, the effects of coal seam maximum fracture length, maximum pore diameter, the fractal dimension for fractures and fractal dimension for pores on coal seam extraction are discussed.
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Park, Soyoung, Se-Yeong Hamm, and Jinsoo Kim. "Performance Evaluation of the GIS-Based Data-Mining Techniques Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Rotation Forest for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205659.
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This study analyzed and compared landslide susceptibility models using decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and rotation forest (RoF) algorithms at Woomyeon Mountain, South Korea. Out of a total of 145 landslide locations, 102 locations (70%) were used for model training, and the remaining 43 locations (30%) were used for validation. Fourteen landslide conditioning factors were identified, and the contributions of each factor were evaluated using the RRelief-F algorithm with a 10-fold cross-validation approach. Three factors, timber diameter, age, and density had no contribution to landslide occurrence. Landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) were produced using DT, RF, and RoF models with the 11 remaining landslide conditioning factors: altitude, slope, aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature, topographic position index, elevation-relief ratio, slope length and slope steepness, topographic wetness index, stream power index, and timber type. The performances of the LSMs were assessed and compared based on sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, kappa index, and receiver operating characteristic curves. The results showed that the ensemble learning methods outperformed the single classifier (DT) and that the RoF model had the highest prediction capability compared to the DT and RF models. The results of this study may be helpful in managing areas vulnerable to landslides and establishing mitigation strategies.
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Sabuncu, A., A. Dogru, H. Ozener, and B. Turgut. "DETECTION OF COASTLINE DEFORMATION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1169-2016.
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The coastal areas are being destroyed due to the usage that effect the natural balance. Unconsciously sand mining from the sea for nearshore nourishment and construction uses are the main ones. Physical interferences for mining of sand cause an ecologic threat to the coastal environment. However, use of marine sand is inevitable because of economic reasons or unobtainable land-based sand resources. The most convenient solution in such a protection–usage dilemma is to reduce negative impacts of sand production from marine. This depends on the accurate determination of criteriaon production place, style, and amount of sand. With this motivation, nearshore geodedic surveying studies performed on Kilyos Campus of Bogazici University located on the Black Sea coast, north of Istanbul, Turkey between 2001-2002. The study area extends 1 km in the longshore. Geodetic survey was carried out in the summer of 2001 to detect the initial condition for the shoreline. Long-term seasonal changes in shoreline positions were determined biannually. The coast was measured with post-processed kinematic GPS. <br><br> Besides, shoreline change has studied using Landsat imagery between the years 1986-2015. The data set of Landsat 5 imageries were dated 05.08.1986 and 31.08.2007 and Landsat 7 imageries were dated 21.07.2001 and 28.07.2015. Landcover types in the study area were analyzed on the basis of pixel based classification method. Firstly, unsupervised classification based on ISODATA (Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique) has been applied and spectral clusters have been determined that gives prior knowledge about the study area. In the second step, supervised classification was carried out by using the three different approaches which are minimum-distance, parallelepiped and maximum-likelihood. All pixel based classification processes were performed with ENVI 4.8 image processing software. Results of geodetic studies and classification outputs will be presented in this paper.
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Sabuncu, A., A. Dogru, H. Ozener, and B. Turgut. "DETECTION OF COASTLINE DEFORMATION USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-1169-2016.
Full textAbstract:
The coastal areas are being destroyed due to the usage that effect the natural balance. Unconsciously sand mining from the sea for nearshore nourishment and construction uses are the main ones. Physical interferences for mining of sand cause an ecologic threat to the coastal environment. However, use of marine sand is inevitable because of economic reasons or unobtainable land-based sand resources. The most convenient solution in such a protection–usage dilemma is to reduce negative impacts of sand production from marine. This depends on the accurate determination of criteriaon production place, style, and amount of sand. With this motivation, nearshore geodedic surveying studies performed on Kilyos Campus of Bogazici University located on the Black Sea coast, north of Istanbul, Turkey between 2001-2002. The study area extends 1 km in the longshore. Geodetic survey was carried out in the summer of 2001 to detect the initial condition for the shoreline. Long-term seasonal changes in shoreline positions were determined biannually. The coast was measured with post-processed kinematic GPS. <br><br> Besides, shoreline change has studied using Landsat imagery between the years 1986-2015. The data set of Landsat 5 imageries were dated 05.08.1986 and 31.08.2007 and Landsat 7 imageries were dated 21.07.2001 and 28.07.2015. Landcover types in the study area were analyzed on the basis of pixel based classification method. Firstly, unsupervised classification based on ISODATA (Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique) has been applied and spectral clusters have been determined that gives prior knowledge about the study area. In the second step, supervised classification was carried out by using the three different approaches which are minimum-distance, parallelepiped and maximum-likelihood. All pixel based classification processes were performed with ENVI 4.8 image processing software. Results of geodetic studies and classification outputs will be presented in this paper.
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Mousavi, S. R., F. Sarmadian, A. Rahmani, and S. E. Khamoshi. "DIGITAL SOIL MAPPING WITH REGRESSION TREE CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES BY RS AND GEOMORPHOMETRY COVARIATE IN THE QAZVIN PLAIN, IRAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-773-2019.
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Abstract. Digital soil mapping applies soil attributes, Remote sensing and Geomorphometrics indices to estimate soil types and properties at unobserved locations. This study carried out in order to comparison two data mining algorithms such as Random Forest (RF) and Boosting Regression tree (BRT) and two features selection principal component analysis (PCA) and variance inflation factor (VIF) for predicting soil taxonomy class at great group and subgroup levels. A total of 61 soil profile observation based on stratified random determined and digged in area with approximately 16660 hectares.19 RS indices and geomorphometrics covariates derivated from Landsate-8 imagery and DEM with 30 meters’ resolution in ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 and SAGA GIS version 7.0 software’s. Also to run four Data mining algorithms scenarios (PCA-RF, VIF-RF, PCA-BRT, VIF-BRT) from “Randomforest” and “C.5” packages were used in R studio software. 80% and 20% from soil profiles were applied for calibrating and validating. The results showed that in PCA and VIF approaches, eight covariates such as (Relative slope position, diffuse insolation, modified catchment, normalized height, RVI, Standard height, TWI, Valley depth) and six covariates (NDVI, DVI, Catchment area, DEM, Salinity index, Standard height) were selected. The validation results based on overall accuracy and kappa index for scenarios at great group level indicated that 88,93,62, 54 and 75,83,51,45 percentages and for subgroup level had 70, 77, 54, 47 and 60, 71, 43, 37 percentages, respectively. Generally, VIF-RF had accuracy rather than from other scenarios at two categorical level in this study area.