Academic literature on the topic 'Gr R kind'

We study the dynamics of electromagnetic fields of regular rotating electrically charged black holes and solitons replacing naked singularities in nonlinear electrodynamics minimally coupled to gravity (NED-GR). They are related by electromagnetic and gravitational interactions and described by the axially symmetric NED-GR solutions asymptotically Kerr-Newman for a distant observer. Geometry is described by the metrics of the Kerr-Schild class specified by T t t = T r r ( p r = − ρ ) in the co-rotating frame. All regular axially symmetric solutions obtained from spherical solutions with the Newman-Janis algorithm belong to this class. The basic generic feature of all regular objects of this class, both electrically charged and electrically neutral, is the existence of two kinds of de Sitter vacuum interiors. We analyze the regular solutions to dynamical equations for electromagnetic fields and show which kind of a regular interior is favored by electromagnetic dynamics for NED-GR objects.

Van der Waals heterostructure shows promising applications in next generation optoelectronics. As a kind of van der Waals heterostructure, graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) based heterostructure devices have been demonstrated as high performance photodetectors. Here, we studied the origin of the high performance of Gr/Si photodetectors based on photocurrent mapping technology. According to photocurrent mapping, the photocurrent in the Gr/Si and Gr/SiO2/Si area nearing the Si window edge is higher than that in other positions, which is attributed to the highly effective collection efficiency of photocarriers. A device with size of Gr/Si region (r=7.4 μm) and Gr/SiO2/Si region (L=6.1 μm) shows high sensitivity and a broadband photoresponse in the range from 420 to 1000 nm with the peak sensitivity of 52 A/W at 780 nm, and fast response speed with rise time of 16 μs and decay time of 52 μs. Our study provides a strategy for the design of high photoresponsivity Gr/Si based devices.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, I its proper ideal and M be a unitary R-module. In this paper, we introduce and study a kind of graph structure of an R-module M with respect to proper ideal I, denoted by ΓI(RM) or simply ΓI(M). It is the (undirected) graph with the vertex set M\{0} and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if [x : M][y : M] ⊆ I. Clearly, the zero-divisor graph of R is a subgraph of Γ0(R); this is an important result on the definition. We prove that if ann R(M) ⊆ I and H is the subgraph of ΓI(M) induced by the set of all non-isolated vertices, then diam (H) ≤ 3 and gr (ΓI(M)) ∈ {3, 4, ∞}. Also, we prove that if Spec (R) and ω(Γ Nil (R)(M)) are finite, then χ(Γ Nil (R)(M)) ≤ ∣ Spec (R)∣ + ω(Γ Nil (R)(M)). Moreover, for a secondary R-module M and prime ideal P, we determine the chromatic number and the clique number of ΓP(M), where ann R(M) ⊆ P. Among other results, it is proved that for a semisimple R-module M with ann R(M) ⊆ I, ΓI(M) is a forest if and only if ΓI(M) is a union of isolated vertices or a star.

Let R=GR(ps,psm) be a Galois ring of characteristic ps and cardinality psm, where s and m are positive integers and p is an odd prime number. Two kinds of cogredient standard forms of symmetric matrices over R are given, and an explicit formula to count the number of all distinct cogredient classes of symmetric matrices over R is obtained.

<p>Activity of female and young caribou in the Denali herd was studied from June 1978 through April 1980 to help assess the food availability/nutritional status of this reduced population. No nutritional stress was evident as inferred by the greater activity of Denali caribou in late winter compared with starving caribou in West Greenland and by the low proportion of time spent grazing in spring compared with reindeer on overgrazed ranges in Norway. Also, low proportions of time were spent running from insects due to relatively few insects and a high availability of insect-relief sites. A low proportion of time was spent cratering due to windswept conditions. Activity budgets calculated from complete active-rest cycles and accompanied by the duration of active and rest periods may be useful indicators of relative food availability/nutritional status, particularly in late winter/early spring. Duration of active periods is presumably most strongly related to rumen fill, and, thus, food availability. Duration of rest periods was not significantly different among seasons (P<0.05), except when insects, rutting bulls, and, presumably, mushroom-searching altered active-rest cycles.</p><p>Sesongmessige svingninger av aktiviteten i Denali karibu-flokk, Alaska.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Aktiviteten hos simler og ungdyr i Denali karibouflokk ble studert fra juni 1978 til utgangen av april 1980 som hjelpemiddel for å bestemme næringstilbud/ernæringsstatus i denne reduserte karibustamme. Ingen ernæringsmessig stress var åpenbar, noe som kan utledes av den større aktivitet hos Denali karibu på senvinteren sammenlignet med sultende karibu i Vest-Grønland samt den lave andel av beiting sammenlignet med rein på overbelastede beiter i Norge. Videre ble en lav andel av tiden brukt til å rømme fra insekter, fordi insektplagen var relativt liten og at det var lett adgang til områder der dyrene kunne befri seg fra insektene. Graving krevde også liten andel av tid takket være vindblåste snøforhold. Aktivitetsbudsjetter beregnet ut fra totale aktivitets-/hvilesykluser kan være nyttige indikatorer på relativ næringstilbud/ernæringsstatus, særlig på senvinter og tidlig vår. Varigheten av aktive perioder er sannsynligvis mest knyttet til vomfylde og, derfor, til næringstilbud eller næringstilgjengelighet. Varigheten av hvileperioder var ikke signifikant forskjellig mellom sesonger (P<0.05), unntatt når insekter, brunstige bukker og, sannsynligvis også, soppsøking forandret aktivitet-/hvilesykluser.</p>

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a percepção materna sobre a qualidade de vida de crianças, portadoras de cárie na primeira infância (CPI). Material e Método: O objeto de estudo foram seis mães de crianças em tratamento na Clínica de Odontologia da Universidade de Ribeirão Preto. Realizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada gravada. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin e utilizando-se os conceitos teóricos oriundos de Bronfembrenner para avaliar aspectos da CPI que interferem no pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa desde a infância. Depreendeu-se dos dados, 03 categorias empíricas: 1ª - “o dente natural é tudo”; 2ª - “ Procura o dentista quando tem dor” e 3ª - “A mãe tem responsabilidade no aparecimento da cárie porque não limpa a boca da criança”. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a influência dos aspectos sócio-econômicos e educacionais das mães tornam as crianças mais vulneráveis à CPI. As mães compreendem a importância dos dentes na saúde bucal, porém, não atribuem a presença da CPI a predispor as crianças ao desenvolvimento de problemas sistêmicos e afetar o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial. As mães apontaram falhas no atendimento das crianças e de acesso ao serviço público, assim como, o despreparo dos profissionais do serviço público e privado. Conclusão: Conclui-se que que existe necessidade de ampliação de medidas socioeducativas tanto para mães quanto crianças, assim como estratégias que visem formar e ampliar o conhecimento coletivo em saúde bucal e melhoria da Política Nacional da Saúde Bucal.Descritores: Comportamento Materno; Qualidade de Vida, Cárie Dentária; Saúde da Criança.ReferênciasCalcagnile F, Pietrunti D, Pranno N, Di Giorgio G, Ottolenghi L, Vozza I. Oral health knowledge in pre-school children: A survey among parents in central Italy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019:11:e327-33.Chase I, Berkowitz RJ, Proskin HM, Weinstein P BR. Clinical outcomes for Early Childhood Caries (ECC): the influence of health locus of control. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2004;2:76-80.Brasil Ministério da Saúde. Projeto SB Brasil 2003 Condições de saúde bucal da população brasileira2002-2003.http://cfo.org.br/wp-content/uploads /2009/10/04_0347_M.pdf. Published 2004. Accessed October 4, 2009.Brasil Ministério da Saúde. SB Brasil 2010: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal. http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/pesquisa_nacional_saude_bucal.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed October 4, 2009.Guedes-Pinto AC. Odontopediatria. 9th ed. (Santos, ed.); 2016.Macedo LZ, Ammari MM. Cárie da primeira infância: conhecer para prevenir. Rev Rede Cuid em Saúde.2014;8:1-14.Minayo MC de S. O Desafio Do Conhecimento: Pesquisa Qualitativa Em Saúde. 1st ed. (Hucitec, ed.); 2012.Bardin L. Análise de Conteúdo. 70th ed. (France PU de, ed.). Lisboa; 1977.Alves PB. A ecologia do desenvolvimento humano: experimentos naturais e planejados. Psicol Reflexão e Crítica. 1997;10:369-73.Bronfenbrenner, U., Morris PA. The ecology of developmental processes. In: Inc. JW S, ed. Handbook of Child Psychology: Theoretical Models of Human Development. v. 1. New York; 1998:993-1028.Jiang M, Wong MCM, Chu CH, Dai L, Lo ECM. Effects of restoring SDF-treated and untreated dentine caries lesions on parental satisfaction and oral health related quality of life of preschool children. J Dent. 2019;88:103171.Vollú AL, da Costa M da EPR, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Evaluation of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life to Assess Dental Treatment in Preschool Children with Early Childhood Caries: A Preliminary Study. J Clin Pediatr Dent.2018;42:37-44.Lai SHF, Wong MLW, Wong HM, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Factors influencing the oral health‐related quality of life among children with severe early childhood caries in Hong Kong.Int J Dent Hyg.2019;17:350-58.Abanto J, Carvalho TS, Mendes FM, Wanderley MT, Bönecker M, Raggio DP. Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39:105-14.American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guidelines for Policy on Social Determinants of Children’s Oral Health and Health Disparities. Am Acad Pediatr Dent. 40:23-26.BaniHani A, Deery C, Toumba J, Munyombwe T, Duggal M. The impact of dental caries and its treatment by conventional or biological approaches on the oral health-related quality of life of children and carers. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2018;28:266-76.Knorst JK, Menegazzo GR, Emmanuelli B, Mendes FM, Ardenghi TM. Effect of neighborhood and individual social capital in early childhood on oral health-related quality of life: a 7-year cohort study. Qual Life Res.2019;28:1773-82.Marshman Z, Knapp R. Child oral health-related quality of life following treatment under dental general anaesthetic (DGA). Evid Based Dent. 2019;20:46-7.Phantumvanit P, Makino Y, Ogawa H, et al. WHO Global Consultation on Public Health Intervention against Early Childhood Caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.2018;46:280-87.Zaror C, Atala-Acevedo C, Espinoza-Espinoza G, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) in chilean population. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16:232.Kidd E, Fejerskov O. Changing concepts in cariology: forty years on. Dent Update. 2013;40:277-86.Ferreira JMS, Silva FS, Aragão AKR, Duarte RC, Menezes VA. Conhecimento de pais sobre saúde bucal na primeira infância. Pediatr Mod.2010;46:224-30.Novaes TF, Pontes LRA, Freitas JG, et al. Responsiveness of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) is related to dental treatment complexity. Health Qual Life Outcomes.2017;15:182.Mansoori S, Mehta A, Ansari MI. Factors associated with Oral Health Related Quality of Life of children with severe -Early Childhood Caries. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res.2019;9:222-225.Batliner T, Fehringer KA, Tiwari T, et al. Motivational interviewing with American Indian mothers to prevent early childhood caries: study design and methodology of a randomized control trial. Trials. 2014;15:125.

Introdução: Atualmente, os índices do edentulismo diminuíram, embora a preocupação pela reabilitação dentária aumentaram, o que gera foco de estudos sobre as expectativas que essa população procura os serviços dessa área da odontologia. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre os impactos psicossociais que a estética dentária pode causar na qualidade de vida de sujeitos que são submetidos a próteses convencionais e sobre implantes. Método: Foram selecionados artigos disponíveis na base de dados MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line) publicados em inglês, no período compreendido entre 2008-2018; Resultados: Os principais resultados encontrados foi que a estética dentária tem influência direta na autoestima e por isso os indivíduos sofrem com uma barreira pessoal e profissional, manifestando negativamente na sua qualidade de vida. Porém, população que são reabilitados com próteses sobre implantes parece ter maior preocupação com sua estética e por isso sofreram mais com depressão, ao passo que isso aumenta quando se trata de dentes posicionados anteriormente na arcada dentária. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a estética dentária influencia psicossocialmente em um indivíduo, causando impactos na qualidade de vida de edêntulos, além disso, há diferenças psicológicas na população que busca reabilitação com próteses convencionais e implantossuportadas e a posição que os dentes perdidos ocupavam no arco dentário.Descritores: Próteses e Implantes; Estética Dentária; Qualidade de Vida.ReferênciasGavric A, Mirceta D, Jakobovic M, Pavlic A, Zrinski MT, Spalj S. Cranio dento facial characteristics, dental esthetics–related quality of life, and self-esteem. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(6):711-18.Fava J, Lin M, Zahran M, Jokstad A. Single implant‐supported crowns in the aesthetic zone: patient satisfaction with aesthetic appearance compared with appraisals by laypeople and dentists. Clin Oral implants Res. 2015;26(10): 1113-20.de Couto Nascimento V, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC, de Almeida Cardoso M, Valarelli DP, de Almeida-Pedrin RR. Impact of orthodontic treatment on self-esteem and quality of life of adult patients requiring oral rehabilitation. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(5):883-85.Pereira CP, Abreu LG, Dickc BD, de Luca Canto G, Paiva SM, Flores-Mir C. Patient satisfaction after orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery: A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2016;86(3):495-508.Chen P, Yu S, Zhu G. The psychosocial impacts of implantation on the dental aesthetics of missing anterior teeth patients. Br Dent J. 2012; 213(11):E20Benic GI, Wolleb K, Sancho-Puchades M, Hämmerle CH. Systematic review of parameters and methods for the professional assessment of aesthetics in dental implant research. Clin Oral implants Res. 2012; 39(Suppl 12):160-92.Peñarrocha MA, Carrillo C, Boronat A, Martí EM. Level of satisfaction in patients with maxillary mull-arch fixed protheses: zigomatic versus convencional implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007; 22(5):769-73.Benson PE, Da'as T, Johal A, Mandall NA, Williams AC, Baker SR et al. Relationships between dental appearance, selfesteem, socio-economic status, and oral healthrelated quality of life in UK schoolchildren: A 3-year cohort study. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37(5):481-90.Alzarea B. Oral health related quality-of-life outcomes of partially edentulous patients treated with implant-supported single crowns or fixed partial dentures J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(5):666-71.Frejmant MW, Vargas IA, Rösing CK, Closs LQ. Dentofacial deformities are associated with lower degrees of self-esteem and higher impact on oral health-related quality of life: results from na observational study involving adults. J Oral Maxillofac Surg.2013;71(4):763-67.Rotundo R, Nieri M, Bonaccini D, Mori M, Lamberti E, Massironi D et al. The Smile Esthetic Index (SEI): a method to measure the esthetics of the smile. an intra-rater and inter-rater agreement study. Eur J Oral Implantol.2015; 8(4):397-403.Clijmans M, Lemiere J, Fieuws S, Willems G. Impact of self-esteem and personality traits on the association between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37(6):643-50.Cardoso RG, Melo LA, Barbosa GA, Calderon PD, Germano AR, Mestriner W Junior et al. Impact of mandibular conventional denture and overdenture on quality of life and masticatory efficiency. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30(1):e102.Perillo L, Esposito M, Caprioglio A, Attanasio S, Santini AC, Carotenuto M. Orthodontic treatment need for adolescents in the Campania region: the malocclusion impact on self-concept. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2014;8:353-59.Patel P, Brown S, Nazarian A. A better quality of life with implant-retained overdentures. Dent Today. 2012;31(1):156,158.Torres BL, Costa FO, Modena CM, Cota LO, Côrtes MI, Seraidarian PI. Association between personality traits and quality oflife in patients treated with conventional mandibular dentures or implant-supported overdentures. J Oral Rehabil. 2011;38(6):454-61.Al-Omiri MK, Hammad OA, Lynch E, Lamey PJ, Clifford TJ. Impacts of implant treatment on daily living. Int Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011; 26(4):877-86.Fernandez-Estevan LF, Selva-Otaolaurruchi EJ, Montero J, Sola-Ruiz F. Oral health-related quality of life of implant-supported overdentures versus conventional complete prostheses: Retrospective study of a cohort of edentulous patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2015;20(4):e450-58.Komagamine Y, Kanazawa M, Kaiba Y, Sato Y, Minakuchi S, Sasaki Y. Association between self‐assessment of complete dentures and oral health-related quality of life. J Oral Rehabil. 2012; 39(11):847-57.Mukatash GN, Al-Rousan M, Al-Sakarna B. Needs and demands of prosthetic treatment among two groups of individuals. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21(4):564-67.Gerritsen AE, Allen PF, Witter DJ, Bronkhorst EM, Creugers NH. Toothlossand oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:126.Kershaw S, Newton JT, Williams DM. The influence of tooth colour on the perception sofpersona lcharacteristics among female dental patients: comparisons of unmodified, decayedand 'whitened' teeth. Br Dent J. 2008;204(5):E9.Towfighi PP, Brunsvold MA, Storey AT, Arnold RM, Willman DE, McMahan CA. Pathologic migration of anterior teeth in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1997;68(10):967-72.Tatum RC, Tatum BM, Marfatia-Rege AT, Amant KS. Immediate esthetic treatment for anterior teeth: reportof cases. J Am Dent Assoc. 1989; 118(5):575-77.Kapur A, Chawla HS, Goyal A, Gaube K. An esthetic point of view in very young children. J Clin Pediatr Dent.2005; 30(2):99-103.Ponsi J, Lahti S, Rissanen H, Oikarinen K. Change in subjective oral healthafter single dental implanttreatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011; 26(3):571-77.Shaw WC. Factors influencing the desire for ortho­dontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 1981;3(3):151-62.Sheats RD, McGorray SP, Keeling SD, Wheeler TT, King GJ. Occlusal traits and perceptionof ortho­dontic need in eighth grade students. Angle Orthod.1998;68(2):107-14.Al-Omiri MK, Karasneh JA, Lynch E, Lamey PJ, Clifford TJ. Impacts of missin gupper anterior teeth on daily living. Int Dent J.2009;59(3):127-32.Carlsson GE, Johansson A, Johansson AK, Ordell S, Ekbäck G, Unell L. Attitudes toward dental appear­ance in 50‑and 60‑year‑old subjects living in Sweden. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2008; 20(1):46-55.Xiao J, Zhou X, Zhu WD, Zhang B, Li JY, Xu X. The prevalence of tooth discolouration and the self-satisfaction with tooth colour in a Chinese urban population. J Oral Rehabil. 2007; 34(5):351-60.Akarslan ZZ, Sadik B, Erten H, Karabulut E. Dental esthetic satisfaction, received and desired dental treatments for improvement of esthetics. Indian J Dent Res. 2009; 20(2):195-200.Wang SW, Repetti RL, Campos B. Job stress andfamily social behavior: themoderating role ofneu­roticism. J Occup Health Psychol. 2011; 16(4):441-56.Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Geiger SB, Levin L. Patients’ satisfactionwith dental esthetics. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138(6):805-8.Hassel A, Wegener I, Rolko C, Nitschke I. Self-rating of satisfaction with dental appearance in anelderly German population. Int Dent J. 2008; 58(2):98-102.Tin-Oo MM, Saddki N, Hassan N. Factors influenc­ing patient satisfaction with dental appearance and treatments they desire to improve aesthetics. BMC Oral Health.2011;11:6.

Play can be seen as a very important component in the learning programme of pre-school children. The question arises whether the Gr R teacher has adequate play incorporated into the daily schedule? The research question was answered as follows. Although it was revealed in the study that the teachers who had pre-primary and Bed qualifications, possessed more (play) knowledge of all the teachers, the rest of the Gr R teachers indicated that they did have a need to gather more knowledge in childrens’ play, as well as implementing it into the day programme. The third part of the research question was also answered namely; that too much formal education were taking place in the Gr R classes in primary schools. The answer to the question; whether there is enough play in the Gr R class in a primary school is; “no”, 10 and whether there is enough play in the Gr R class in the pre-primary school is; “yes”. It was concluded that the Gr R education methods in the primary school is far more formal than that of the pre-primary school. The research question is thus fully answered and the study was completed successfully.<br>Spel kan gesien word as ’n baie belangrike komponent van die leerprogram vir voorskoolse kinders. Die vraag ontstaan of Gr R onderwyseresse genoegsame spel in die dagprogram implementeer? Die navorsingsvraag is as volg beantwoord. Alhoewel dit in die studie na vore gekom het, dat die onderwyseresse wat preprimêr en BEd gekwalifiseer is oor die meeste speelkennis beskik, het die meeste Gr R onderwyseresse aangedui dat hul wel ’n behoefte het om meer kennis rakende kinderspel en die implementering daarvan in die dagprogram te bekom. Die laaste vraag voortvloeiend uit die navorsing of daar genoegsame spel in die Gr R klasse plaasvind was die gevolgtrekking “nee” by primêre skole en “ja” by preprimêre skole. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Gr R onderwys by primêre skole se onderrigmetodes baie meer formeel is as Gr R by preprimêre skole. Die navorsings-vraag is dus in geheel beantwoord en die studie is suksesvol voltooi.<br>Psychology of Education<br>M. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Chapter 8 moves from the Norman kingdom of the twelfth century to the newly changed situation in the early thirteenth century, as the demise of the Hauteville dynasty and the minority of the young king Frederick II Hohenstaufen (r. 1198–1250) created an opportunity for Pope Innocent III (r. 1198–1216) and his successors to enforce their authority in southern Italy. Meanwhile, the Latin conquest of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (1204) created an imperative for the papacy to develop a coherent policy towards the integration of Greek Christians into the Roman church’s administrative and legal structures. The chapter discusses how the papacy formulated this policy at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) and the resulting increase in papal interventions in the legal affairs of the southern Italian Greeks. It then looks at Pope Honorius III’s (r. 1216–1227) short-lived effort to organise Byzantine-rite monasteries into an Order of St Basil under Grottaferrata (a predecessor to Eugenius IV’s more successful fifteenth-century order). It examines the Grottaferrata Nomocanon (Marc. gr. 171), a manuscript produced at the monastery in c. 1220–1230 that was apparently intended to provide a legal guide for the new order yet was still entirely Byzantine in character. The chapter finishes by focusing on the conflict between the Holy Saviour monastery of Messina and the papacy in the 1220s–1230s as an important example of the papacy’s efforts to bring the royal monasteries of the Kingdom of Sicily under episcopal control.