Relevant bibliographies by topics / GRA method

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'GRA method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "GRA method"

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Quan, Huafeng, Shaobo Li, Hongjing Wei, and Jianjun Hu. "Personalized Product Evaluation Based on GRA-TOPSIS and Kansei Engineering." Symmetry 11, no. 7 (2019): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11070867.

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With the improvement of human living standards, users’ requirements have changed from function to emotion. Helping users pick out the most suitable product based on their subjective requirements is of great importance for enterprises. This paper proposes a Kansei engineering-based grey relational analysis and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (KE-GAR-TOPSIS) method to make a subjective user personalized ranking of alternative products. The KE-GRA-TOPSIS method integrates five methods, including Kansei Engineering (KE), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy, ga
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Wooten, Hailey, Hwanhee Kim, Amanda Rakhshandeh, and Anoosh Rakhshandeh. "PSV-8 Glucocorticoid receptor agonist (GRA): what is the best delivery method to newly weaned pigs?" Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.279.

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Abstract We previously found that i.m. injection of GRA, similar to in-feed antibiotics, improves measures of intestinal integrity, nutrient digestibility, and overall growth performance in nursery pigs. In addition, we have demonstrated that the mitigating effects of GRA on the stress of weaning is predominantly done by subsiding the inflammatory response that often accompanies early weaning. The objective of the current study was to explore the most practical methods for delivering GRA to newly weaned pigs. One-hundred and sixty-seven PIC pigs were weaned at 25 ±1.0 days of age (BW 7 ±1.2 kg
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Dwi Satria, Muhammad Najib, Erliyan Redy Susanto, Setiawansyah, Sufiatul Maryana, and Pritasari Palupiningsih. "Modification of Grey Relational Analysis for Dynamic Criteria Weighting in Decision-Making Systems." IIUM Engineering Journal 26, no. 2 (2025): 187–203. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v26i2.3494.

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Grey relational analysis (GRA) is a grey system theory method used to solve multi-criteria decision problems with incomplete or uncertain data. The GRA analyzes the level of closeness or relationship between several alternatives based on a series of criteria. One of the limitations in using the GRA method is the weight of the criteria, which is often fixed or subjective. In many GRA applications, the criterion weights are set based on expert considerations or decision-maker preferences, which can be highly subjective and influenced by individual biases. Grey relational analysis change data dri
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Majumder, Priyanka, and Valerio Antonio Pamplona Salomon. "Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordinal Priority Approach with Grey Relational Analysis." Mathematics 12, no. 19 (2024): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12193156.

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Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) is a methodology for solving decision problems with a finite set of alternatives. The several methods of MADM require weights for the criteria and the alternatives to provide a solution. The Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is a recently proposed method for MADM that innovates; it does not require these inputs, just the rankings of criteria and alternatives. This article introduces a new hybrid method for MADM: the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordinal Priority Approach with Grey Relational Analysis (OPA-IF-GRA). OPA-IF-GRA combines GRA with OPA-IF, a newer extensi
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Arshad, Muhammad Waqas, Setiawansyah Setiawansyah, and Sanriomi Sintaro. "Comparative Analysis of the Combination of MOORA and GRA with PIPRECIA Weighting in the Selection of Warehouse Heads." BEES: Bulletin of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4, no. 3 (2024): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bees.v4i3.4922.

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The Head of Warehouse has the main responsibility to manage and supervise the daily operations of the warehouse, including receiving, storing, and dispensing goods. In addition, the warehouse head is responsible for leading the warehouse staff team, providing the necessary direction, training, and supervision to ensure efficiency and safety in warehouse operations. This study aims to select warehouse heads by applying a combination of MOORA and PIPRECIA methods, as well as GRA and PIPRECIA. The combination of MOORA and PIPRECIA as well as GRA and PIPRECIA will be compared based on the final ra
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Setiawansyah, Setiawansyah, Yuri Rahmanto, Ahmad Ari Aldino, Aditia Yudhistira, Pritasari Palupiningsih, and Ari Sulistiyawati. "Hybrid Logarithmic Percentage Change-Driven Objective Weighting and Grey Relational Analysis Method in Employee Contract Renewal." TIN: Terapan Informatika Nusantara 4, no. 12 (2024): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/tin.v4i12.5121.

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Contract employees are individuals who are hired for a specific period of time within a company or organization for a specific purpose. They usually do not have permanent employee status and are bound by work contracts that govern their tenure, salary, and other obligations. Despite not having long-term job security, contract employees often bring specialized skills or experience needed for specific projects. They are often instrumental in handling temporary projects, fulfilling temporary company needs, or filling temporary vacancies. One of the main problems in determining employee contract r
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Li, Lan Yun, Zhuan Zhao Yang, Xiao Li, and Zhi He. "Research on Fault Recognition for Centrifugal Compressor Using Entropy Weight-Based Gray Relational Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.685.

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A new fault recognition method for centrifugal compressor was proposed by using entropy weight-based gray relational analysis (EW-GRA). Firstly, the weight values of all fault features were calculated objectively by the entropy method to avoid the influence of subjective factors. Secondly, an improved local gray relational coefficient (LGRC) formula with weight measures was designed to reflect the contributions of different fault features. Thirdly, according to the relationship between similarity degree and Euclidean distance, the local gray relational distances (LGRD), the global gray relatio
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V.P, Ravi, Raja M, Balusamy T, Anbarasan P, and Sankaran R.A. "Analysis of ECM performance using critic GRA ‎method." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (2025): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.14419/rgh5jx90.

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A hybrid CRITIC-GRA method is adopted to determine the best possible parameter combinations for the ECM drilling process. The input process parameters considered were voltage, duty cycle, and electrolyte concentration. The performance measures ‎considered are machining rate (MR), overcut (OC), and surface corrosion factor (SCF). CRITIC evaluates the standard deviations as 0.33, ‎‎0.29, and 0.29 for MR, OC, and SCF respectively. The weights were calculated as 0.327, 0.238, and 0.435 for MR, OC, and SCF respectively. It ‎was evaluated that voltage at level 3 (9V), duty cycle at level 3 (90%), an
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Zhao, Hongzhi, and Fengqiang Zhang. "Combined Probabilistic Linguistic Group Decision-Making for Quality Evaluation of Continuing Education for Primary and Secondary School Teachers." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 17, no. 1 (2025): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.368248.

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With the advancement of material and spiritual aspects of society, alongside improvements in economic, political, technological, and educational systems, continuing education for primary and secondary school teachers has developed rapidly. Evaluating the quality of continuing education programs is a complex task that falls under the category of multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). Recently, methods like Exponential TODIM (ExpTODIM) and grey relational analysis (GRA) have been used to address such challenges, providing effective tools for handling decisions involving multiple crite
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Wang, Chun, Weihua Zhang, Cong Wu, Heng Hu, and Wenjia Zhu. "Combined Prediction Method of Short-Term Distance Headway Based on EB-GRA-TCN." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (November 7, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6456186.

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As an essential parameter to represent vehicle following characteristics, distance headway (DHW) plays an essential role in microtraffic flow simulation, traffic control, and traffic safety alarm. However, due to the randomness, nonlinearity, and correlation of DHW data, constructing DHW prediction models is difficult. Moreover, few studies have considered the time correlation between the historical DHW and the target DHW. To solve the above problems, a DHW prediction model is proposed in this paper by integrating entropy-based grey relation analysis (EB-GRA) and temporal convolutional network
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GRA method"

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Grau, Yegros Ilse. "Tape Mbo'e: A Service Oriented Method." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1430/2/ILSE-GRAU-THESIS.pdf.

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In developing countries, normally, different e-government applications do not exchange data each other, affecting the quality of service provided to citizens and the transparency. This situation has motived us to focus on the development of applications in such domain and, more specifically, on the interoperability among these applications. The interoperability has been implemented in e-government context of multiple countries through the Service-Oriented Computing (SOC). In addition to the interoperability, SOC provides considerable benefits. However, developing a service-based e-government
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Raihen, Nurul. "Convergence Rates for Hestenes' Gram-Schmidt Conjugate Direction Methodwithout Derivatives in Numerical Optimization." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1494608232437057.

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Skan, Moa. "Reconstructing ICMEs with the toroidal Grad-Shafranov method." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutet för rymdfysik, Uppsalaavdelningen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382398.

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The main objective of this thesis is to model the magneticstructure of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) measuredin-situ from the WIND spacecraft positioned at L1. The modeling isdone by a magnetohydrodynamic reconstruction technique based onthe GS equation with a toroidal geometry. The purpose has been toextend the application of the reconstruction program to real dataand to test its performance when different input parameters arechanged. Two events are presented; 16-17 May 2012 and 15-16 May2005 ICMEs have been successfully reconstructed with this model. The main achievements of
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Borivoj, Subotić. "Grafovske metode u geometriji i geometrijske metode u grafovima." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2005. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=73402&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U prvoj glavi dat je prikaz osnovnih pojmova koji se koriste u tezi, sa naglaskom na osnovne pojmove teorije grafova. U drugoj glavi daju se grafovski dokazi nekih geometrijskih problema. Na primer, dajemo dokaz poznate teoreme Silvestra. iz Kombinatorne geometrije, koristeći grafove. Treće poglavlje sadrži neke geometrijske dokaze u grafovima. Na primer, poznatu Turanovu teoremu, Pikovu teoremu i drugo. U četvrtom poglavlju dajemo metodičku transformaciju prethodnih problema. Neki od problema razloženi su na delove koji se mogu prezentirati od osnovne škole do poslediplomskih studija.
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Adolfsson, Stefan. "Quality monitoring in pulsed GMA welding using signal processing methods." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18082.

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Wiggins, Benjamin. "Wronskian and Gram Solutions to Integrable Equations using Bilinear Methods." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/751.

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This thesis presents Wronskian and Gram solutions to both the Korteweg-de Vries and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations, which are then scalable to arbitrarily large numbers of interacting solitons. Through variable transformation and use of the Hirota derivative, these nonlinear partial differential equations can be expressed in bilinear form. We present both Wronskian and Gram determinants which satisfy the equations. N=1,2,3 and higher order solutions are presented graphically; parameter tuning and the resultant behavioral differences are demonstrated and discussed. In addition, we compare the
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Gajic, Ruzica, and Isabelle Söder. "Arbetslöshetsförsäkringens finansiering : Hur påverkas arbetslöshetskassornas medlemsantal av en förhöjd grad av avgiftsfinansiering?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126711.

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<p>Sedan årsskiftet 2006/2007 har antalet medlemmar i arbetslöshetskassorna minskat drastiskt. Under samma period har ett flertal reformer genomförts på arbetslöshetsförsäkringens område som bland annat resulterat i höjda medlemsavgifter för de flesta a-kassorna. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida det över tid går att finna något samband mellan förändringar i medlemsantal och medlemsavgifter. För att undersöka detta måste man förutom avgifterna även ta hänsyn till andra variabler kopplade till arbetslöshetsförsäkringen. Dessa övriga variabler är grundbelopp, högsta dagpenning,
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Comas, Lou Enric. "Application of the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) to second-order liquid chromatographic data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8995.

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Les mesures analítiques i els instruments que les generen poden classificar-se en funció del numero de dades que s'obtenen al mesurar una mostra. Si s'obté una matriu de respostes, s'anomenen dades d'ordre dos.<br/>En aquesta tesi es van utilitzar els dades d'ordre dos, obtingudes mitjançant un cromatògraf líquid d'alta resolució amb un detector de diodes en fila (DAD).<br/>L'instrument HPLC-DAD és força comú. Tot i això, normalment, per determinar la concentració dels analits d'interès no s'utilitzen totes les dades enregistrades per l'instrument. El mode espectral només s'utilitza per identi
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Mikhailov, I. F., A. A. Baturin, Ye A. Bugaev, A. I. Mikhailov, and S. S. Borisova. "Metal Films as Mass Standard Samples in the Nano-Gram Range." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35167.

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Attestation of magnetron sputtered films as mass standards is presented. Homogeneous, long-lived metal films were measured by different methods for comparison. The accuracy of the order 1 ng was found to be provided by application of the metal film standards for element analysis by X-ray fluorescent method. Keywords: Thin Films, Nano-Standards, Magnetron Sputtering, X-ray Reflectometry, X-ray Fluorescent When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35167
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Glassford, Eric. "Comparison of Grab, Air, and Surface Results for Radiation Site Characterization." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307442130.

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Books on the topic "GRA method"

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Raymer, Dottie. Grab a star. SRA/McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Schwab, Adolf J. Field Theory Concepts: Electromagnetic Fields Maxwell's Equations grad, curl, div. etc. Finite-Element Method Finite-Difference Method Charge Simulation Method Monte Carlo Method. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988.

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Clay, George R. Tolstoy's Phoenix: From method to meaning in War and Peace. Northwestern University Press, 1998.

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Görke, Winfried. Fehlertolerierende Rechensysteme / Fault-tolerant Computing Systems: Automatisierungssysteme, Methoden, Anwendungen / Automation Systems, Methods, Applications 4. Internationale GI/ITG/GMA-Fachtagung 4th International GI/ITG/GMA Conference Baden-Baden, 20.-22. September 1989, Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989.

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Straub, Thomas. Reasons for Frequent Failure in Mergers and Acquisitions: A Comprehensive Analysis. Deutscher UniversitSts-Verlag GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2007.

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Hammond, Eugene W. Chromatography for the analysis of lipids. CRC Press, 1993.

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Newbolt, Peter. G.A. Henty, 1832-1902: A bibliographical study of his British editions, with short accounts of his publishers, illustrators and designers, and notes on production methods used for his books. Scolar Press, 1996.

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Newbolt, Peter. G.A. Henty, 1832-1902: A bibliographical study of his British editions, with short accounts of his publishers, illustrators, and designers, and notes on production methods used for his books. 2nd ed. Polyglot Press, 2005.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Elsevier, 1996.

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Silberberger, Jan, ed. Against and for Method: Revisiting Architectural Design as ResearchAgainst and for Method: Revisiting Architectural Design as Research. gta Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54872/gta/4550.

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Can design processes constitute genuine forms of research? Of course they can. "Against and For Method" highlights exemplary cases of how studio architects teach architectural design, both with and without methodological and research approaches strictly in mind. This edited volume openly addresses deficiencies in studio teaching and proposes possibilities for integrating methodological approaches into teaching and practice. Contributions by leading scholars in architecture, plus interviews with five practicing architects who are studio professors at ETH Zurich, reveal the ways in which design
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Book chapters on the topic "GRA method"

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Liu, Hu-Chen. "FMEA Using Fuzzy Evidential Reasoning and GRA Method." In FMEA Using Uncertainty Theories and MCDM Methods. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1466-6_5.

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Yu, Jiayang, Jiansheng Guo, Xiaofeng Zhang, Mingxi Ma, Sai Yao, and Wenjie Tian. "Aviation Safety Management Decision Based on HFACS-GRA-MFR Method." In Proceedings of the 2022 3rd International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (ICMSEM 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-038-1_54.

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Shah, Divij, Kevin Kamdar, and Sandeep Vaity. "Optimization of EDM Process Parameters Using GRA & Taguchi Method." In Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7971-2_20.

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Mansouri, Mouad, and Cherkaoui Leghris. "An Adaptation of GRA Method for Network Selection in Vertical Handover Context." In International Conference on Information Technology and Communication Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64719-7_15.

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Kumar, Vidyapati, and Shankar Chakraborty. "Analysis of the Surface Roughness Characteristics of EDMed Components Using GRA Method." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73495-4_32.

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Liu, Zhen, Zhongjun Ma, Lei Yang, and Haolin Qiu. "Research on Regional Carbon Emission Prediction Method Based on GRA-PCA-Transformer." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85481-1_6.

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Yüksel, Hilmi, Gülper Basmacı, and Serkan Genç. "Evaluation of the Challenges of Companies in Industry 4.0 Transformation by GRA Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62784-3_26.

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Garg, Mohinder Pal, Manpreet Singh, and Sarbjit Singh. "Micro-machining and Process Optimization of Electrochemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) Process by GRA Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16943-5_33.

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Kumar, Sandeep, and Abhishek Singh. "Multi-objective Optimization of Green Drilling Parameters on HcHcr Steel Using GRA-TOPSIS with PCA Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7709-1_2.

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Pranav, R., Md I. Equbal, Azhar Equbal, and K. Kishore. "Taguchi-Based GRA Method for Multi-Response Optimization of Spool Bore in EHSV Made Up of Stainless Steel 440C." In Advanced Manufacturing Methods. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367822385-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "GRA method"

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Mohan, Narendra, Ashish Sharma, Santosh Gore, Swati Sharma, Varsharani D. Shelkande, and Shubhangi Ravindra Shelar. "Software Testing Technique Selection using the GRA MCDM Method." In 2024 8th International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-smac61858.2024.10714869.

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Cao, Xin, Zhen Xu, Bo Li, He Zhao, Yucheng Hou, and Zhifa Lin. "Research on Substation Load Forecasting Method Based on GRA-LSTM." In 2024 The 9th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpre62586.2024.10768526.

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Zhou, Mingxuan, Jiahui Wu, Mingzhu Yan, and Changzhi Dong. "New Power System Vulnerability Assessment Method Based on Improved GRA-TOPSIS." In 2024 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics Technology (ICEEMT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceemt63201.2024.10692557.

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Wei, Zechen, Nanyang Wang, Zexi Zhang, Juntao Chen, Yujia Li, and Xiaolin Qi. "Research on Complexity Evaluation Method for Dispatch Automatic Generation Control Software Based on GRA." In 2025 IEEE 8th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/itoec63606.2025.10967826.

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Svete, Anej, Nadav Borenstein, Mike Zhou, Isabelle Augenstein, and Ryan Cotterell. "Can Transformers Learn n-gram Language Models?" In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.550.

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Noji, Hiroshi, Daichi Mochihashi, and Yusuke Miyao. "Improvements to the Bayesian Topic N-Gram Models." In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1118.

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Yaghooti, Bahram, Netanel Raviv, and Bruno Sinopoli. "Gram-Schmidt Methods for Unsupervised Feature Selection." In 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886721.

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Merrill, William, Noah A. Smith, and Yanai Elazar. "Evaluating n-Gram Novelty of Language Models Using Rusty-DAWG." In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.800.

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Vimal, Jyoti, and Arti Badhoutiya. "Composite Material Selection using GRA MCDM Method." In 2023 1st International Conference on Cognitive Computing and Engineering Education (ICCCEE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccee55951.2023.10424428.

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Ni, Kai, Yaoting Zhang, and Shiling Chen. "A method of risk assessment based on GRA algorithm." In International Conference on Information Management and Management Engineering. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/imme140431.

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Reports on the topic "GRA method"

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Thompson and Anderson. GRl-90-0337 Identification of Injected Storage Gas. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011193.

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This project developed and evaluated methods for distinguishing between natural gases from different sources. Identification of particular "batches" of gas can be of considerable importance. For example, means of distinguishing between gases can demonstrate whether a gas appearing at the surface over a storage area is migrating storage gas or is gas formed by bacterial action above the storage zone. As another example, identification methods can allow detection of migration from a storage zone to an adjacent production zone. Two general methods were evaluated/developed in this project; tracers
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Olsen, Daniel, Jessica Adair, and Bryan Willson. GRI-04-0158 Precombustion Chamber Fuel Metering with an Electronic Fuel Valve. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011538.

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Precombustion chamber (PCC) ignition is a common method for extending the lean limit and reducing combustion variability in large bore natural gas engines. An important component that fails the most and requires regular replacement, besides the spark plug, is the checkvalve. In this program the use of an electronic valve for monitoring fuel to the PCC instead of the checkvalve is investigated. Other methods of improving PCC performance are also studied, such as nitrogen enrichment and PCC nozzle design. Additionally, emissions formation in the PCC is evaluated through the use of a separate pre
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Gammon, P., and S. Alpay. Aquatic soft sediment sampling methods: freeze coring and grab/hand coring. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/288040.

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Gammon, P., and S. Alpay. Aquatic soft sediment sampling methods: freeze coring and grab/hand coring. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/288049.

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Olsen, Daniel, and Bryan Willson. GRI-02-0201 Emissions Reduction Methods for 4SLB Industrial NG Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011535.

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This project utilizes the Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) at Colorado State University (CSU) to evaluate the existing methods for controlling emissions and to identify and quantify new methods for mitigation. The EECL has two 4-Stroke Lean-Burn (4SLB) and a 4-Stroke Rich-Burn (4SRB) currently installed at its industrial engine test bed (IETB). The work demonstrates, using A 4SLB only, the contribution of the criteria pollutants NOx and CO, and hazardous air pollutant (HAPs) formaldehyde, formed in the pre-combustion chamber (PCC) compared to that formed in the power cylinder.
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Young and Wasson. GRI-90-0229 Casing Leak Repair. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010909.

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This effort studied the leakage of gas from storage wells by performing an industry survey of operators. Over 74* of the injection/production wells in the U.S. and Canada were covered by the survey. The survey included the number of well leaks per year, the average leak rate, and the type of leak. A cost-benefit analysis of repair techniques was performed to identify the most effective repair methods.
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Howland. GRI-04-0066 Functional Specifications - Advanced Controls for Two-Stroke Cycle Stationary Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011051.

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A functional specification was developed for new digital control algorithms to replace methods traditionally controlled by pneumatic controllers. The specification includes input/output requirements and details on control methods.
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Justus, Alan Lawrence. Simple grab sampling methods for the measurement of WL(Rn) and WL(Tn) concentrations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1441280.

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George, J. L. Procedure manual for the estimation of average indoor radon-daughter concentrations using the radon grab-sampling method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5754039.

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Arévalo-Sáenz, Alejandra, Borja Ferrández Pujante, and Fernando J. Rascón-Ramírez. Peritumoral Edema in Resected Meningiomas: Study of Factors Associated with the Variability of Postoperative Duration. Science Repository, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.scr.2024.01.05.

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Background: It is well known that edema can persist after meningioma resection, and sometimes it is not resolved after this time. This study aimed to establish the relationship between a series of variables associated with meningioma or surgery, and the duration of postoperative edema. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 77 meningiomas resected at our institution between January 2016 and January 2018 with a maximum follow-up period of up to three years. The independent variables collected were demographics, tumor location, relationship with the sinuses (invasion/contact), relationsh
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