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Academic literature on the topic 'Graafian follicle. Ovaries. Sows'
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Journal articles on the topic "Graafian follicle. Ovaries. Sows"
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Rybska, Marta, Sandra Knap, Maurycy Jankowski, Michal Jeseta, Dorota Bukowska, Paweł Antosik, Michał Nowicki, Maciej Zabel, Bartosz Kempisty, and Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski. "Characteristic of factors influencing the proper course of folliculogenesis in mammals." Medical Journal of Cell Biology 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2018-0006.
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AbstractFolliculogenesis is the process of ovarian follicle formation,, taking presence during foetal period. During the follicular development, oogoniums undergo meiosis and oocytes are formed. In the ovaries of new born sows, primary and secondary follicles are present and, 90 days after birth, tertiary follicles appear. During development in the ovarian follicles growth of granulosa cells and differentiation of the thecal cells can be observed. A cavity filled with follicular fluid appears. Granulosa cells are divided into: mural cells and corona radiata, which together with the oocyte form the cumulus oophorus. Corona radiata cells, mural layers and oolemma contact each other by a network of gap junctions. Secreted from the pituitary gland, FSH and LH gonadotropin hormones act on receptors located in granular and follicular cells. In the postnatal life tertiary follicles and Graafian follicles are formed. When the follicle reaches a diameter of 1 mm, further growth depends on the secretion of gonadotropins. Mature ovarian follicles produce: progestins, androgens and oestrogens. The growth, differentiation and steroidogenic activity of ovarian follicles, in addition to FSH and LH, is also affected by prolactin, oxytocin, steroid and protein hormones, numerous proteins from the cytokine and interleukin family, metabolic hormones like insulin, glucocorticoids, leptin, thyroid hormones and growth hormones. Despite numerous studies, many processes related to folliculogenesis have not been discovered Learning the mechanisms regulating reproductive processes would allow to easily distinguish pathological processes and discover more and more genes and mechanisms of their expression in cells that build ovarian follicles.
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Gerritsen, R., B. F. A. Laurenssen, W. Hazeleger, P. Langendijk, B. Kemp, and N. M. Soede. "Cystic ovaries in intermittently-suckled sows: follicle growth and endocrine profiles." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 3 (2014): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12382.
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This paper presents follicle development and hormone profiles for sows with normal ovulation or cystic follicles during an intermittent-suckling (IS) regime that started at Day 14 of lactation. Sows were subjected to separation from their piglets during blocks of 6 h or 12 h. In total, 8 out of 52 sows developed cystic follicles; either full cystic ovaries (n = 6) or partial ovulation (n = 2). Increase in follicle size of these sows was similar to that of normal ovulating sows until pre-ovulatory size at Day 5 after the start of separation, but from then on became larger (P < 0.05). LH surge was smaller or absent in sows that developed (partially) cystic ovaries (0.4 ± 0.1 vs 3.6 ± 0.3 ng mL–1; P < 0.01). Peak levels of oestradiol (E2) were similar but high E2 levels persisted in sows that developed (partly) cystic ovaries and duration of oestrus tended to be longer. The risk of developing (partly) cystic ovaries was higher when IS occurred in blocks of 6 h versus 12 h (33 vs 10%). In conclusion, the appearance of cystic ovaries at approximately Day 20 of ongoing lactation was related to an insufficient LH surge, as is also the case in non-lactating sows.
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Perven, Hosna Ara, Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi, and Shamim Ara. "Histomorphometric study of the follicles of the ovary in Bangladeshi women." Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 7, no. 2 (April 5, 2013): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14458.
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Background: The accurate assessment of size and number of ovarian follicles are paramount to understanding the physiology of female reproduction. Objective: To observe the variation in size of the Graafian follicle and follicular number with age in Bangladeshi women. Methods: This descriptive type of study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2009, on 140 post mortem human ovaries collected from 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-13 years), group B (14-45 years) and group C (46-52 years). 10 best prepared histological slides from 14-45 years age group were examined to determine the average size of Graafian follicle and 20 slides from each group were taken to determine the number of follicles. Results: The average diameter of the Graafian follicles of the right is slightly higher than that of the left ovary but not statistically significant (p>0.05). No difference was found in follicular number in between the right and the left ovaries at any age group. However, the difference in number of the follicles of the ovary were statistically significant in between age groups A & C and B & C (p<0.001). Conclusion: The average diameter of Graafian follicle was found greater in the right ovary than the left ovary. However, the number of ovarian follicles was found to decrease in old age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i2.14458 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, December; 7(2): 89-93
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Lopes, Tania P., Lorena Padilla, Alfonso Bolarin, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez, and Jordi Roca. "Ovarian Follicle Growth during Lactation Determines the Reproductive Performance of Weaned Sows." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061012.
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Factors causing variability in ovarian follicle size among weaned sows are not well known. This field study aimed to disclose influencing factors and evaluate if the differences at weaning were established during lactation. Ovaries were scanned using transrectal ultrasound. The first experiment was conducted over a year with 191 randomly chosen sows that were hierarchically grouped (p < 0.001) according to ovarian follicle diameter reached at weaning: Small (0.20–0.30 cm; n = 37), medium (0.31–0.39 cm; n = 75), and large (0.40-1.00 cm; n = 69). Sows with small follicles showed a higher incidence of post-weaning anestrus (p < 0.01), longer wean-to-estrus/ovulation intervals (p < 0.01) and farrowing smaller litters (p < 0.05). Ovaries with small follicles were more common among sows weaned in summer–autumn than in winter–spring (p < 0.01) and among sows of lower parity (1–3) (p < 0.05). In the second experiment, with 40 sows randomly chosen at farrowing, the ovaries were scanned at 7, 14, and 21 d post-partum. Sows showed great variability in ovarian follicular size during lactation with a consistent relationship between the three measurement times (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Follicle size was smaller in sows nursing in summer–autumn than in winter–spring (p < 0.05). In conclusion, early lactation dictates the great variability in ovarian follicular diameter at weaning shown by sows. Sows with smaller follicles at weaning had longer intervals for estrus and ovulation and smaller litters at farrowing and they were in greater numbers among sows weaned during the summer and fall and among those with fewer previous farrowing.
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Lopes, Tania P., Lorena Padilla, Alfonso Bolarin, Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez, and Jordi Roca. "Weaned Sows with Small Ovarian Follicles Respond Poorly to the GnRH Agonist Buserelin." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111979.
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The GnRH agonist buserelin (GnRH), used to synchronize ovulation in weaned sows, attains only 70–80% effectivity, owing to several reasons of ovarian origin. This study evaluated in particular whether mean ovarian follicle size at treatment and the season of weaning are among those influencing GnRH responsiveness. The experiment was carried out in a temperate-region farm with 352 sows of 1–6 parities weaned either in winter–spring (WS, 174 sows) or in summer–autumn (SA, 178 sows). The sows were randomized into two groups: GnRH (10 µg of buserelin acetate at 86 h after weaning, 172 sows) and control (180 sows). The ovaries were transrectally scanned from weaning to ovulation and the sows clustered according to their mean follicular size at treatment time: small (<0.5 cm in diameter), medium (0.5 to 0.64 cm) and large (0.65 to 1.09 cm). In total, 88.33% of the GnRH-treated sows ovulated, with 82% of them within the expected time window (120–132 h after weaning). In contrast, 95.45% of the unresponsive sows had small follicles at the time of treatment and were mostly weaned in SA (20.45%) than in WS (4.76%). In conclusion, the conspicuous presence of sows having small ovarian follicles at treatment time compromises the efficiency of the GnRH agonist buserelin to synchronize ovulation in weaned sows, which occurs more frequently in summer–autumn weaning.
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Arend, Lidia S., Robert V. Knox, Amanda M. Minton, Clint R. Schwab, Caleb M. Shull, Steve Buysse, Mike E. Johnston, Catherine M. Roaten, and Stephen K. Webel. "212 Ovarian ultrasound of sows by parity and season to determine effects of induced ovulation and single PCAI on farrowing rate and litter size." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.218.
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Abstract Increasing the distribution of semen from genetically superior sires accelerates the rate of improvement of economically important traits. Using a single fixed time post-cervical AI (SFTI) with ovulation control, the number of inseminations per ejaculate can be doubled. The objective of the study was to determine whether ovarian ultrasound could help identify parity (P1, 2, 3-6, ≥ 7) and seasonal (May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sep-Oct) effects on fertility following induced ovulation and SFTI. Sows received OvuGel® (n = 914) on Days 3-5 after weaning and a SFTI 24 h later. Control sows (n = 881) that expressed estrus on Days 3-6 received a post-cervical AI on each day standing. Ovaries of a sub-population of sows (n = 436) were scanned by ultrasound to assess follicle size and insemination to ovulation interval. Interval from insemination to ovulation > 24 h tended (P = 0.09) to reduce farrowing rate (FR, 74.1 ± 2.8%) compared to inseminations £ 24 h (83.4 ± 2.8%), regardless of treatment. In addition, sows that ovulated by Day 6 after weaning had greater (P = 0.03) total born (TB, 12.9 ± 0.5) than those ovulating ≥ 7 d (11.5 ± 0.5). Follicle number (16.3 ± 0.7) and size (7.0 ± 0.5 mm) on Day 4 did not differ between treatments. OvuGel increased (P = 0.002) the proportion of sows ovulating (88.9%) versus Controls (78.6%), but for both treatments, fewer P1 sows ovulated (75.0%) when compared to P3-6 (90.4%). Treatments did not differ in FR (78.5%), but seasonal interactions were observed (P = 0.05), most notably in Sep-Oct. Parity affected FR (P = 0.02), and was lower in P1 (66.1%) compared to 3 P2 (82.2%). Also, OvuGel and Control did not differ in TB (13.0) but parity ≥ 7 had the lowest TB (11.8) compared to younger parity females. In summary, OvuGel increased the proportion of sows ovulating by 10.3%, resulting in similar FR and TB compared to Control sows inseminated multiple times based on estrus.
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Roozendaal, Marjolijn M., Hans JM Swarts, Victor M. Wiegant, and John AM Mattheij. "Effect of restraint stress on the preovulatory luteinizing hormone profile and ovulation in the rat." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 3 (September 1995): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330347.
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Roozendaal MM, Swarts HJM, Wiegant VM, Mattheij JAM. Effect of restraint stress on the preovulatory luteinizing hormone profile and ovulation in the rat. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:347–53. ISSN 0804–4643 Plasma profiles of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured during restraint stress on the day of pro-oestrus; these profiles were considered in relation to ovulation rate on the next day. Rats bearing a permanent jugular vein cannula were subjected to restraint, which was started 0, 1 or 2 h before the presumed onset of the LH surge and ended just before the beginning of the dark period. Exposure to restraint resulted in a suppression of the secretion of both gonadotrophins on the day of pro-oestrus. Suppression of the LH surge was virtually complete (plasma LH ≤ 0.2 ng/ml) in 15 out of 32 stressed rats, and the ovaries of these rats contained graafian follicles with oocytes in germinal vesicle stage. In these rats, the LH surge did not occur 24 h later. In the remaining 17 rats, restraint resulted in a considerable suppression of the LH surge. Of these rats, five had an ovulation rate of 100% and four ovulated partially. In unruptured follicles of the latter, the oocyte had not resumed meiosis and the follicle wall was not luteinized. In the remaining eight rats with a reduced LH surge, ovulations had not occurred and graafian follicles were unaffected. The results of this study indicate that during pro-oestrus restraint stress suppresses and does not delay the release of preovulatory gonadotrophins. Partial suppression of LH by restraint does not result in induction of meiotic resumption without subsequent ovulation or in luteinized unruptured follicles. JAM Mattheij, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Haarweg 10, 6709 PJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Costermans, N. G. J., J. Keijer, E. M. van Schothorst, B. Kemp, S. Keshtkar, A. Bunschoten, N. M. Soede, and K. J. Teerds. "In ovaries with high or low variation in follicle size, granulosa cells of antral follicles exhibit distinct size-related processes." Molecular Human Reproduction 25, no. 10 (July 19, 2019): 614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaz042.
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Abstract Antral follicle size might be a valuable additive predictive marker for IVF outcome. To better understand consequences of antral follicle size as a marker for reproductive outcome, we aimed to obtain insight in follicle size-related granulosa cell processes, as granulosa cells play an essential role in follicular development via the production of growth factors, steroids and metabolic intermediates. Using the pig as a model, we compared gene expression in granulosa cells of smaller and larger follicles in the healthy antral follicle pool of sows, which had a high variation versus low variation in follicle size. Selected gene expression was confirmed at the protein level. Granulosa cells of smaller antral follicles showed increased cell proliferation, which was accompanied by a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis (i.e. the Warburg effect), similar to other highly proliferating cells. High granulosa cell proliferation rates in smaller follicles might be regulated via increased granulosa cell expression of the androgen receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor, which are activated in response to locally produced mitogens. While granulosa cells of smaller follicles in the pool are more proliferative, granulosa cells of larger follicles express more maturation markers such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1) and are therefore more differentiated. As both higher IGF1 and ANGPT1 have been associated with better IVF outcomes, the results of our study imply that including smaller follicles for oocyte aspiration might have negative consequences for IVF outcome.
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Rad, Parastou, Fahimeh Safari, Jamshid Mohammadi, and Hamdollah Delaviz. "Preserved Ovarian Function Following Toxicity With Doxorubicin in Rats: Protective Effect of Nasturtium Officinale Extract." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.15.1.747.1.
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Background: Chemotherapy agents can cause ovarian dysfunction and eventually lead to infertility. This study investigated the effect of nasturtium officinale extract on the ovarian function following the toxicity induced by doxorubicin in female rats. Methods: Forty eight female Wistar rats (180-210g) were randomly divided in six groups as follows: Group I, normal rats receiving 1ml normal saline; Group II and III receiving 25 and 75 mg/kg of the extract daily by gavage for 21 days. Groups IV, V and VI receiving 10 mg/kg doxorubicin intraperitoneally on the first day. In addition, Group IV and V received 25 and 75 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. The serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and ovarian Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined after 21 days of treatment. The mean numbers of various graafian follicles and corpus lutea were recorded after treatment. Results: The mean serum FSH level in Group VI (0.11±0.01) significantly reduced compared to those in Groups II (0.21±0.05) and III (0.23±0.01), (P<0.05). The mean serum LH and estrogen levels in Group VI (0.16±0.08) reduced insignificantly compared to those in the controls (0.21±0.02), and in Groups II (0.23±0.03) and III (0.22±0.09). A significant reduction in the number of primary, secondary and graafian follicles were observed in Group VI compared to the control group (P<0.05). The serum MDA level significantly declined in Group V compared to that in Group VI (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nasturtium officinale extract attenuated the toxic effect of doxorubicin on the rat ovaries and protected the cell division in the follicles and the oocytes maturation.
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Petrujkic, Tihomir. "New biotechnological procedures in swine reproduction." Veterinarski glasnik 56, no. 1-2 (2002): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0202111p.
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New biotechnological procedures and the use of hormones in swine breeding are aimed at increasing the number of piglets in the litter. In small herds and groups, selected sows with 16 mammary complexes (tits) can yield up to 32 piglets, or porkers, per year per sow. In order to achieve such reproduction results, special, individual stalls for sow deliveries are used, in addition to biotechnological methods, with a warm core and floor heating, phased diet and clean facilities. The ovulation value in swine is determined by their genetic and paragenetic effects, and it is often provoked and increased with injections and preparations for superovulation. However, the results vary, since any administration of hormone injecions can reduce the reproductive cycle, shorten the duration of estrus, or disrupt the work of ovaries and create cystic follicles. The use of follicle-stimulating hormones in quantities up to 1000 IU per animal for the induction and synchronization of estrus has become customary for sows and gilts, as well as the use of prostaglandins, the use of GnRH for increasing ovulation in swine and increasing the number of follicles >4 mm in diameter in the implementation of new biotechnologies in swine breeding, increases the number of ovulations and fertility in swine. In this way, reproduction is raised to the highest possible level, and artificial insemination of sows has 12 separate rules which enable better and more successful artificial insemination of sows.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Graafian follicle. Ovaries. Sows"
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Bracken, Cynthia J. "Factors controlling ovarian follicular growth in sows /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115527.
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Paradis, François. "Intrafollicular growth factors and preovulatory follicle development in the sow." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/554.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2009.Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Sept. 3, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.
Books on the topic "Graafian follicle. Ovaries. Sows"
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Symposium on Animal Reproduction (18th 1987 Utah State University). XVIII Biennial Symposium on Animal Reproduction: Physiology of the ovarian follicle, July 28, 1987, Utah State University, Logan. Edited by Woody Charles O. [S.l.]: American Society of Animal Science, 1988.
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Primate Ovary Symposium (1987 Beaverton, Or.). The primate ovary. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.
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