Journal articles: 'Grader'

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Boring, Ronald Laurids. "The Validity of Human and Computerized Writing Assessment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 7 (September 2005): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900704.

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This paper summarizes an experiment designed to assess the validity of essay grading between holistic and analytic human graders and a computerized grader based on latent semantic analysis. The validity of the grade was gauged by the extent to which the student's knowledge of the topic correlated with the grader's expert knowledge. To assess knowledge, Pathfinder networks were generated by the student essay writers, the holistic and analytic graders, and the computerized grader. It was found that the computer generated grades more closely matched the definition of valid grading than did human generated grades.

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JANG, JU WON, ARIUN ISHDORJ, DAVID P. ANDERSON, TSENGEG PUREVJAV, and GARLAND DAHLKE. "EXPLORING THE EXISTENCE OF GRADER BIAS IN BEEF GRADING." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 49, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2017.9.

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AbstractThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) beef grading system plays an important role in marketing and promoting beef. USDA graders inspect beef carcasses and determine a quality grade within a few seconds. Although the graders are well trained, the nature of this grading process may lead to grading errors. Significant differences in the USDA graders’ “called” and “camera-graded” quality grades were observed, as well as variations in quality grades across seasons and years. Under grid pricing, producers gained financially from grades called by USDA graders rather than grades measured by cameras.

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Peyster, Eliot G., Sara Arabyarmohammadi, Andrew Janowczyk, Sepideh Azarianpour-Esfahani, Miroslav Sekulic, Clarissa Cassol, Luke Blower, et al. "An automated computational image analysis pipeline for histological grading of cardiac allograft rejection." European Heart Journal 42, no. 24 (May 13, 2021): 2356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab241.

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Abstract Aim Allograft rejection is a serious concern in heart transplant medicine. Though endomyocardial biopsy with histological grading is the diagnostic standard for rejection, poor inter-pathologist agreement creates significant clinical uncertainty. The aim of this investigation is to demonstrate that cellular rejection grades generated via computational histological analysis are on-par with those provided by expert pathologists Methods and results The study cohort consisted of 2472 endomyocardial biopsy slides originating from three major US transplant centres. The ‘Computer-Assisted Cardiac Histologic Evaluation (CACHE)-Grader’ pipeline was trained using an interpretable, biologically inspired, ‘hand-crafted’ feature extraction approach. From a menu of 154 quantitative histological features relating the density and orientation of lymphocytes, myocytes, and stroma, a model was developed to reproduce the 4-grade clinical standard for cellular rejection diagnosis. CACHE-grader interpretations were compared with independent pathologists and the ‘grade of record’, testing for non-inferiority (δ = 6%). Study pathologists achieved a 60.7% agreement [95% confidence interval (CI): 55.2–66.0%] with the grade of record, and pair-wise agreement among all human graders was 61.5% (95% CI: 57.0–65.8%). The CACHE-Grader met the threshold for non-inferiority, achieving a 65.9% agreement (95% CI: 63.4–68.3%) with the grade of record and a 62.6% agreement (95% CI: 60.3–64.8%) with all human graders. The CACHE-Grader demonstrated nearly identical performance in internal and external validation sets (66.1% vs. 65.8%), resilience to inter-centre variations in tissue processing/digitization, and superior sensitivity for high-grade rejection (74.4% vs. 39.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusion These results show that the CACHE-grader pipeline, derived using intuitive morphological features, can provide expert-quality rejection grading, performing within the range of inter-grader variability seen among human pathologists.

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Payne, Joseph N., and Ann E. Towsley. "Implementing the Standards: Implications of NCTM's Standards for Teaching Fractions and Decimals." Arithmetic Teacher 37, no. 8 (April 1990): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.37.8.0023.

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A second grader calls all parts “half” no matter how large they are. A fourth grader writes 3.10 as the decimal for 3/10. A sixth grader can compute 1/2 × 1/2 but cannot reason that one-half of one-half of a pizza is one-fourth of the whole. Most eighth graders cannot estimate the sum 7/8 + 12/13 from choices of 1, 2, 19, and 21. Classroom teachers easily recognize similar deficiencies and ask, How do I teach for greater success?

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Hill, Thomas G. "Word grader and powerpoint grader." ACM Inroads 2, no. 2 (June 2011): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1963533.1963546.

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Hill, Thomas G. "Excel grader and access grader." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 36, no. 2 (June 2004): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1024338.1024382.

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Woodward, Ernest, and Patsy G. Buckner. "Reflections and Symmetrya–a Second-Grade Miniunit." Arithmetic Teacher 35, no. 2 (October 1987): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.35.2.0008.

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At Marshall Elementary School, Fort Campbell, Kentucky, students are assigned to small groups for instruction on specific mathematics topics. Assignments to these groups are made on the basis of when students are “ready” for a particular topic. The five-day mini unit described in this article was taught to a group of seven second graders and one third grader. The second graders were slightly above grade level and the third grader was slightly below grade level.

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Han, Eun-Jeong, Seonhwa Lee, and Rahil Hwang. "Comparison of Utilized Resource Volumes by Grade of Seniors in Long-Term Care Facilities." Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2022.24.1.96.

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Purpose: This study aimed to identify the time of care services provided by nurses, nursing assistants, care workers, physical therapists, and social workers during a 24-hour-period and the volume of resource utilization for residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities.Methods: We measured the providers' service time supplied to 3,295 residents in 32 LTC facilities. The utilization of resources each service facility provided was analyzed considering the services’ difficulty levels and providers’ wages.Results: The higher the long-term care grade, the longer the provider's service time and the greater the resource utilization. This phenomenon did not appear in the cognitive assistant grader. The service hours provided for the cognitive assistant graders were longer than those in grades 4 and 5, and longer than in long-term care eligibility points about the classification system. Compared to the long-term care eligibility points, the used resource volumes of excretion support, managing behavioral symptoms, and indirect services increased in all grades but, the used resource volumes of nursing treatment time decreased.Conclusion: It is necessary to discuss measures to raise the grade in the cognitive assistance grader with mild dementia. Additional research on the cause of the decrease in nursing treatment time for residents in LTC facilities and measures to satisfy nursing needs is necessary.

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Aydın, İbrahim Seçkin. "The Investigation of Language Teacher Candidates’ Self-efficacy and Writing Anxiety in Processual Context." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i1.3793.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the self-efficacy perceptions and writing anxiety of the Turkish language teacher candidates that receive training for learning and teaching language in a processual context. The research has been carried out with a total of 113 teacher candidates that study at the Department of Turkish Language in the first (n=56) and third (n=57) grades. The reason is that the first graders are beginner and they receive Written Expression classes; and the third graders receive Writing Education classes. The data from both grades have been collected by using the Writing Self-efficacy Perception Scale (WSPS) and the Writing Anxiety Scale (WAS) at the beginning and at the end of the term. The collected data have been analyzed both in respective class levels and by comparing to the other class level. The result of the research shows that the writing anxiety has decreased and the writing self-efficacy perception has increased in the first grader candidates. Whereas in the third grader candidates, the writing anxiety has increased and the writing self-efficacy perception has decreased. This has been interpreted as the professional awareness of the candidates increases depending on the grade level. Another result of the research is that the revision and editing (RE) factor in the writing process is higher in the female candidates than the male candidates. The findings obtained in the research bear a resemblance to the literature in some aspects, and differ from the literature in some aspects.

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Addis, Victoria, Min Chen, Richard Zorger, Rebecca Salowe, Ebenezer Daniel, Roy Lee, Maxwell Pistilli, et al. "A Precise Method to Evaluate 360 Degree Measures of Optic Cup and Disc Morphology in an African American Cohort and Its Genetic Applications." Genes 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121961.

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(1) Background: Vertical cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) is an important measure for evaluating damage to the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma patients. However, this measure often does not fully capture the irregular cupping observed in glaucomatous nerves. We developed and evaluated a method to measure cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) at all 360 degrees of the ONH. (2) Methods: Non-physician graders from the Scheie Reading Center outlined the cup and disc on digital stereo color disc images from African American patients enrolled in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. After converting the resultant coordinates into polar representation, the CDR at each 360-degree location of the ONH was obtained. We compared grader VCDR values with clinical VCDR values, using Spearman correlation analysis, and validated significant genetic associations with clinical VCDR, using grader VCDR values. (3) Results: Graders delineated outlines of the cup contour and disc boundaries twice in each of 1815 stereo disc images. For both cases and controls, the mean CDR was highest at the horizontal bisector, particularly in the temporal region, as compared to other degree locations. There was a good correlation between grader CDR at the vertical bisector and clinical VCDR (Spearman Correlation OD: r = 0.78 [95% CI: 0.76–0.79]). An SNP in the MPDZ gene, associated with clinical VCDR in a prior genome-wide association study, showed a significant association with grader VCDR (p = 0.01) and grader CDR area ratio (p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: The CDR of both glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes varies by degree location, with the highest measurements in the temporal region of the eye. This method can be useful for capturing innate eccentric ONH morphology, tracking disease progression, and identifying genetic associations.

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Sukharev, R. Yu. "Methods of controlling the course for an self-driving grader." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 1 (March 17, 2022): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-1-48-60.

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Introduction. The widespread introduction of unmanned technologies quickly captures various industries and economies. Unmanned taxis are already moving through the streets of cities, including in our country. The introduction of unmanned technologies in the construction industry, namely in construction machines is a promising direction that will develop quite rapidly in the next few years. The construction machine closest in terms of control algorithm to an unmanned vehicle is an auto grader. One of the first stages of creating an unmanned grader is the construction of its trajectory. This paper presents methods for controlling the course of an unmanned vehicle, which can be adapted to control the grader.Materials and methods. Theoretical studies were carried out on a mathematical model of the working process of the grader, developed using the methodology of system analysis and presented by differential equations of the second order.Results. An efficiency criterion is proposed by which management methods can be compared. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented methods, theoretical studies of the mathematical model of the working process of the grader were carried out according to the proposed efficiency criterion. The effectiveness of the copier control method for various values of the base length, base coefficient and grader speed has been confirmed. Conclusion. The proposed control methods can be used to create promising autonomous traffic control systems for graders and other road construction vehicles.

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Nunez do Rio, Joan M., Piyali Sen, Rajna Rasheed, Akanksha Bagchi, Luke Nicholson, Adam M. Dubis, Christos Bergeles, and Sobha Sivaprasad. "Deep Learning-Based Segmentation and Quantification of Retinal Capillary Non-Perfusion on Ultra-Wide-Field Retinal Fluorescein Angiography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082537.

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Reliable outcome measures are required for clinical trials investigating novel agents for preventing progression of capillary non-perfusion (CNP) in retinal vascular diseases. Currently, accurate quantification of topographical distribution of CNP on ultrawide field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) by retinal experts is subjective and lack standardisation. A U-net style network was trained to extract a dense segmentation of CNP from a newly created dataset of 75 UWF-FA images. A subset of 20 images was also segmented by a second expert grader for inter-grader reliability evaluation. Further, a circular grid centred on the FAZ was used to provide standardised CNP distribution analysis. The model for dense segmentation was five-fold cross-validated achieving area under the receiving operating characteristic of 0.82 (0.03) and area under precision-recall curve 0.73 (0.05). Inter-grader assessment on the 20 image subset achieves: precision 59.34 (10.92), recall 76.99 (12.5), and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) 65.51 (4.91), and the centred operating point of the automated model reached: precision 64.41 (13.66), recall 70.02 (16.2), and DSC 66.09 (13.32). Agreement of CNP grid assessment reached: Kappa 0.55 (0.03), perfused intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.89 (0.77, 0.93), non-perfused ICC 0.86 (0.73, 0.92), inter-grader agreement of CNP grid assessment values are Kappa 0.43 (0.03), perfused ICC 0.70 (0.48, 0.83), non-perfused ICC 0.71 (0.48, 0.83). Automated dense segmentation of CNP in UWF-FA images achieves performance levels comparable to inter-grader agreement values. A grid placed on the deep learning-based automatic segmentation of CNP generates a reliable and quantifiable method of measurement of CNP, to overcome the subjectivity of human graders.

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Fadilah, Rohana. "BUKU TEKS BAHASA INDONESIA SMP DAN SMA KURIKULUM 2013 TERBITAN KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN 2014." Jurnal Pena Indonesia 1, no. 1 (October 7, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpi.v1n1.p26-49.

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Text book is one of important instruments in successful learning. Ministry of Education and Culture published standard textbook. Readability’s textbook must compatible with student’s capability and psychology. Fry’s graph is the best readability measuring tool for textbook. Aim of this research is to descibe readability’s Indonesian textbooks of Junior and Senior High School curriculum 2013 published by Ministry of Education and Cultural 2014. The kind of this research is literature study. The data collection used documentation technique. The result of this reseach is (1) the readability of Indonesian textbook for seventh grader is not suitable for target student because 20 of 33 texts is not suitable for seventh grader student based on Fry’s graph, (2) the readability of Indonesian textbook for eighth grader is suitable for target student because 17 of 22 texts is suitable for eighth grader student based on Fry’s graph, (3) the readability of Indonesian textbook for tenth grader is not suitable for target student because 18 of 23 texts is not suitable for tenth grader student based on Fry’s graph, (4) the readability of Indonesian textbook for eleventh grader first semester is not suitable for target student because 9 of 10 texts is not suitable for eleventh grader student based on Fry’s graph, and (5) the readability of Indonesian textbook for eleventh grader second semester curriculum 2013 is not suitable for target student because 14 of 22 texts is not suitable for seventh grader student based on Fry’s graph.

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Ilge, Igor. "Method of selecting automatic control system of a motor grader." Vehicle and electronics. Innovative technologies, no. 20 (November 30, 2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/veit.2021.20.0.04.

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Problem. Effective use of motor graders is impossible without the use of automatic control systems, especially in modern conditions of large volumes of road construction. However, among the large number of samples of such systems, which differ in various parameters, it is impossible to make an appropriate choice without a scientifically sound approach, taking into account the set of their characteristics. It was found that these systems are characterized by a large set of parameters, with the values of some of them unknown, and the reliability of the values of many parameters is questionable, i.e. the choice must take place in conditions of fuzzy information. The methods of choosing alternatives in conditions of uncertainty described in the literature, in particular when choosing technical systems based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy set theory, are analyzed and the latter is taken to develop a method of choosing a motor grader ACS. The goal of the work is to increase the efficiency of motor graders in road construction due to the appropriate choice of ACS. The methodology of constructing the method is the theory of fuzzy sets. The economic, technical-operational and ergonomic groups of criteria for choosing a motor grader ACS are determined and substantiated. The construction of the method was performed to select the ACS in the 3D class. As the alternatives, the systems which are the leaders of this segment were chosen. The above criteria are a set of criteria. The solution to the problem of choice is an alternative that best meets the requirements of the whole set of criteria. The results of the work are the development of a method of fuzzy multicriterion analysis for the selection of a motor grader ACS in the class of 3D systems. Originality lies in constructing the method of choosing a motor grader ACS in conditions of fuzzy information on the basis of reasonable criteria. The practical value is the fact that the use of the developed method will allow to make a scientifically sound choice of the ACS of a motor grader taking into account the whole set of criteria.

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Christian, Yuriko, and I. Dewa Made Bayu Atmaja Darmawan. "Specialty Coffee Cupping Score Prediction with General Regression Neural Network (GRNN)." JELIKU (Jurnal Elektronik Ilmu Komputer Udayana) 9, no. 2 (November 22, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jlk.2020.v09.i02.p04.

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Coffee is a plant that can be processed into beverages. The cupping score is a score for a coffee quality graded with an expert called Q grader. The cupping score will decide if a coffee may be called as specialty coffee. In this research, the cupping score will be predicted by the coffee properties and did not involve the Q grader for giving the score. The prediction of the score is obtained by using the GRNN method. The experiment consists of finding when the MAE and the MSE are converged and find the neuron's best number. The model's performance is measured with MSE and MAE with the best MSE value of 0.097 and MAE value 0.245.

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McKenna, Martha, Tingting Chen, Helen McAneney, Miguel Angel Vázquez Membrillo, Ling Jin, Wei Xiao, Tunde Peto, Mingguang He, Ruth Hogg, and Nathan Congdon. "Accuracy of trained rural ophthalmologists versus non-medical image graders in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy in rural China." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 11 (July 4, 2018): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312440.

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Background/aimsTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of trained rural ophthalmologists and non-medical image graders in the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rural China.MethodsConsecutive patients with diabetes mellitus were examined from January 2014 to December 2015 at 10 county-level facilities in rural Southern China. Trained rural ophthalmologists performed a complete eye examination, recording diagnoses using the UK National Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (NDESP) classification system. Two field, mydriatic, 45° digital photographs were made by nurses using NDESP protocols and graded by trained graders with no medical background using the NDESP system. A fellowship-trained retina specialist graded all images in masked fashion and served as reference standard.ResultsAltogether, 375 participants (mean age 60±10 years, 48% men) were examined and 1277 images were graded. Grader sensitivity (0.82–0.94 (median 0.88)) and specificity (0.91–0.99 (median 0.98)), reached or exceeded NDESP standards (sensitivity 80%, specificity 95%) in all domains except specificity detecting any DR. Rural ophthalmologists’ sensitivity was 0.65–0.95 (median 0.66) and specificity 0.59–0.95 (median 0.91). There was strong agreement between graders and the reference standard (kappa=0.84–0.87, p<0.001) and weak to moderate agreement between rural doctors and the reference (kappa=0.48–0.64, p<0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study of diagnostic accuracy in DR grading among non-medical graders or ophthalmologists in low-income and middle-income countries. Non-medical graders can achieve high levels of accuracy, whereas accuracy of trained rural ophthalmologists is not optimal.

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Mills, Michael E. "GRADER: A computer program that recommends student letter grades." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 24, no. 2 (June 1992): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203514.

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Korchagin, P. A., A. B. Letopolskiy, and I. A. Teterina. "RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MOTOR GRADER SIDE WORKING EQUIPMENT." Vestnik SibADI 15, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-4-492-501.

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Introduction. Nowadays there is sufficient number of the working bodies’ parameters, which allow performing technological operations in different conditions with minimal labor and energy resources. It is necessary to produce significant excavation during roads’ construction. Therefore, to perform such technological procedure excavation and road machinery are used. The motor grader is an earth-moving machine and is necessary for surface profiling, moving and construction materials’ level.The motor grader efficiency is determined by the performance criterion. World producers of earthmoving and road machinery associate the growth of quality and speed of work with the improvement of the executive working bodies. Moreover, new design variants of dumps are being developed, including design variants for motor graders. Such solution would allow to reduce the necessary number of passages along the construction site and to shorten the time for mounting the working body. The article presents the variant of the motor grader working equipment improving by installing the side working dump.Materials and methods. The calculated dependences of the main parameters of the motor grader are obtained, such as the coupling weight, the nominal traction force, the resistances arising in the operating mode when cutting and moving the ground, and the total engine power for the operating mode at 4 km per hour speed. Strength characteristics of the side working equipment of the motor grader are investigated. The analysis is carried out by using the Solid Software.Results. The results of the theoretical studies are presented graphically and reflected the stresses, displacements and deformations in proposed lateral working equipment of the motor grader. Using the Solid Works software product it is possible to determine the safety margin of the proposed design. The conducted research allows confirming the working capacity of the proposed technical solution.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed technical solution allows increasing the productivity of the machine while performing the planning works, while maintaining the specified accuracy of their implementation. In addition, such design allows profiling not only the horizontal surface, but also the embankment construction when the side blade is located at an angle of up to 20 degrees.

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Juraschek, Bill, and Amy S. Evans. "A Teacher's Journal: Ryan's Primes." Teaching Children Mathematics 3, no. 9 (May 1997): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.3.9.0472.

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Why is 1 not a prime number?” This is not a question that is on the minds of most third graders, but Ryan was not your average third grader. Throughout the school year, he had impressed his teacher, Mrs. Evans, with his understanding of the mathematics they studied.

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Davis, Marsha, Tom Baranowski, Ken Resnicow, Janice Baranowski, Colleen Doyle, Matthew Smith, Dongqing Terry Wang, Amy Yaroch, and David Hebert. "Gimme 5 Fruit and Vegetables for Fun and Health: Process Evaluation." Health Education & Behavior 27, no. 2 (April 2000): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700203.

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Gimme 5 (Georgia) was a school-based nutrition education effectiveness trial to help fourth- and fifth-grade students eat more fruit, 100% juice, and vegetables (FJV). Process evaluation assessed fidelity of implementation, reach, and use of intervention materials and environmental mediators: teacher training, curriculum delivery, participation in family activities, attendance at evening point-of-purchase grocery store activities, and availability and accessibility of FJV at home. Approximately half of the curriculum activities were implemented in fourth and fifth grades. The lowest proportion completed were those most pertinent to behavior change. Eighty-seven percent of parents reported participating in homework activities with their fourth grader, 66% with fifth graders. Sixty-five percent of parents reported viewing a video with their child in both grades. Ten percent attended evening point-of-purchase grocery store activities. The low level of implementation and modest level of participation in family activities suggest that higher levels of behavior change may have occurred if exposure to the intervention had been higher.

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Novikov, Arthur I., Vladimir K. Zolnikov, and Tatyana P. Novikova. "Grading of Scots Pine Seeds by the Seed Coat Color: How to Optimize the Engineering Parameters of the Mobile Optoelectronic Device." Inventions 6, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6010007.

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Research Highlights: There is a problem of forest seeds quality assessment and grading afield in minimal costs. The grading quality of each seed coat color class is determined by the degree of its separation with a mobile optoelectronic grader. Background and Objectives: Traditionally, pine seeds are graded in size, but this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Seed coat color is individual for each forest seed and is caused to a low error in identifying the genetic features of seedling obtained from it. The principle on which the mobile optoelectronic grader operates is based on the optical signal detection reflected from the single seed. The grader can operate in scientific (spectral band analysis) mode and production (spectral feature grading) mode. When operating in production mode, it is important to determine the optimal engineering parameters of the grader that provide the maximum value of the separation degree of seed-color classes. For this purpose, a run of experiments was conducted on the forest seeds separation using a mobile optoelectronic grader and regression models of the output from factors were obtained. Materials and Methods: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed samples were obtained from cones of the 2019 harvest collected in a natural stand. The study is based on the Design of Experiments theory (DOE) using the Microsoft Excel platform. In each of three replications of each run from the experiment matrix, a mixture of 100 seeds of light, dark and light-dark fraction (n = 300) was used. Results: Interpretation of the obtained regression model of seed separation in the visible wavelength range (650–715 nm) shows that the maximum influence on the output—separation degree—is exerted by the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam. Next in terms of the influence power on the output are paired interactions: combinations of the wavelength with the angle of incidence and the wavelength with the grader’s seed pipe height. The minimum effect on the output is the wavelength of the detecting optical beam. Conclusions: The use of a mobile optoelectronic grader will eliminate the cost of transporting seeds to and from forest seed centers. To achieve a value of 0.97–1.0 separation degree of Scots pine seeds colored fractions, it is necessary to provide the following optimal engineering parameters of the mobile optoelectronic grader: the wavelength of optical radiation is 700 nm, the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam is 45° and the grader’s seed pipe height is 0.2 m.

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HASYIM, HASYIM, I. GEDE PUTU WARKA, and CAHYA PURI ARIATI. "ANALISA PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL ALAT BERAT PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN STREET-RACE CIRCUIT MANDALIKA." GANEC SWARA 15, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v15i1.183.

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The Mandalika circuit project is a large-scale construction project built in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). The 4.31 kilometer racetrack will have 19 bends, so it requires heavy equipment to improve the quality production and increase project efficiency. The analysis conducted to obtain the hourly productivity, operating cost, income and profit of excavators, dump trucks, motor grader, vibrator roller, and water tanker used in the worksite of Mandalika circuit. The hourly productivity for structural cut with a depth of 2 to 4 meter of excavator is 17.778 m3/h and dump truck 11.755 m3/h. The excavator production for stockpiling from excavated sources is 30.521 m3/h, dump truck 13.171 m 3/h, motor graders 1839.780 m 3 /h, vibrator roller 90.414 m 3 /h and water tankers truck 71,142 m 3/h. Motor grader production for road body preparation work is 362,222 m3/h, vibrator roller 126,851 m3/h and water tanker truck 62,250 m3/h. The hourly operating cost for the excavator is Rp. 718,048,581, motor grader Rp. 670,416,081, vibrator roller Rp. 609,423,907, and water tanker truck Rp. 380,806,081. The income and profit from the use of heavy equipment are Rp. 39,488,806,755 and Rp. 3,589,981,523.05.

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Виноградова and Natalya Vinogradova. "The First School Year As the Hardest One." Primary Education 2, no. 5 (October 17, 2014): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5973.

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Issues on how to help first-grader pupils to adjust to school life are discussed, as well as first-graders’ psychological characteristics. Recommendations are provided for teachers on how to nurture sustainable cognitive interest in seven-year-old children, to develop motivation to learning and to form positive emotional attitudes to school.

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Zhulai, Vladimir, Vitaly Tyunin, Alex Shchiyenko, and Alexander Krestnikov. "Analytical Determination of Fuel Economy Characteristics of Earth-Moving Machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 334 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133402013.

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The article considers the problem of the analytical determination of the fuel economy performance of earth-moving machines by the example of the road grader. The values of the road grader fuel consumption when performing the technological operations have been obtained and analyzed. The fuel balance of the EMM in the traction mode is presented. The fuel balance of the motor grader when digging soil has been defined and analyzed.

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Sobczyk, Andrzej, and Grzegorz Tora. "Grader blade stabilization system." Automation in Construction 7, no. 5 (July 1998): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-5805(98)00046-6.

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Hill, Curt, Brian M. Slator, and Lisa M. Daniels. "The grader in ProgrammingLand." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 37, no. 1 (February 23, 2005): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1047124.1047421.

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Matsui, Sarah. "Fifth Grader Mandarin Proficiency." Sewanee Review 130, no. 1 (2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2022.0002.

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Lori, Ali A. "Storytelling and Personal Traits: Investigating the Relationship between Children's Storytelling Ability and Their Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Traits." Gifted Education International 13, no. 2 (September 1998): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949801300210.

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The relationship between Bahraini 3rd and 4th graders' storytelling ability and each of their interpersonal and intrapersonal traits is reported in this article. To examine the existence of such a relationship, the DISCOVER process of assessment (Maker, Nielson and Rogers, 1992) was used. Results Indicated that there was significant relationships between students' storytelling and their personal traits. Additional statistical analysis revealed that 3rd grader were better storytellers than 4th graders. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended educational implications which might have impacts on similar students' linguistic and communicative competencies.

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BERG, THOMAS. "Adjective phrases with doubly modified heads: how lexical information influences word order and constituent structure." English Language and Linguistics 23, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674317000430.

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This study presents a corpus-based analysis of adjective phrases consisting of a grading element (‘grader’), a deadjectival adverb and an adjectival head. The interest of this pattern derives from the fact that these three constituents can occur in three different orders, as exemplified by more cognitively complex, cognitively more complex and more complex cognitively. The analysis builds primarily on the distinction between domain and non-domain adverbs. ADJPs with domain adverbs have different patterns from ADJPs with other adverbs. Whereas the adverb–grader–adjective order predominates in ADJPs with domain adverbs, the grader–adverb–adjective order is the most frequent type in ADJPs with non-domain adverbs. Within the set of non-domain adverbs, a secondary distinction is made between lexical and more grammatical types. Lexical adverbs are found to preferentially associate with the grader–adverb–adjective order while the more grammatical adverbs gravitate towards the adverb–grader–adjective order. The following five factors account for the empirical results: branching direction, the frequent-unit-first hypothesis, proximity, analogy/uniformity and modifier–head order. Structural representations are argued to draw on lexical information which is not coded by terminal nodes.

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Freeman, Scott, and John W. Parks. "How Accurate Is Peer Grading?" CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 4 (December 2010): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0017.

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Previously we showed that weekly, written, timed, and peer-graded practice exams help increase student performance on written exams and decrease failure rates in an introductory biology course. Here we analyze the accuracy of peer grading, based on a comparison of student scores to those assigned by a professional grader. When students graded practice exams by themselves, they were significantly easier graders than a professional; overall, students awarded ≈25% more points than the professional did. This difference represented ≈1.33 points on a 10-point exercise, or 0.27 points on each of the five 2-point questions posed. When students graded practice exams as a group of four, the same student-expert difference occurred. The student-professional gap was wider for questions that demanded higher-order versus lower-order cognitive skills. Thus, students not only have a harder time answering questions on the upper levels of Bloom's taxonomy, they have a harder time grading them. Our results suggest that peer grading may be accurate enough for low-risk assessments in introductory biology. Peer grading can help relieve the burden on instructional staff posed by grading written answers—making it possible to add practice opportunities that increase student performance on actual exams.

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Sukharev, R. Yu. "Pure pursuit method use to control unmanned motor grader." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-2-156-169.

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Introduction. A relevant objective of implementing the advanced systems of self-driving road construction vehicles can be accomplished by mathematical modelling. One of the important issues when creating a motion control system for a self-driving vehicle is to develop a trajectory following algorithm. The most well-known method of following the trajectory is a pure pursuit method, which is successfully used to control the movement of mobile robots.Materials and methods. Hence, the research objective has been defined and is to adapt the pure pursuit method to control an autonomous grader. To achieve the research objective, the task of a mathematical model of the motor grader movement with front steering wheels has been developed, and a mathematical model of the motor grader motion control system has been compiled. Besides, we propose an integral criterion to evaluate the efficiency of the motion control system of a unmanned grader. Some theoretical studies of the mathematical model have been carried out and the dependencies of the integral criterion on the design and operational parameters of the grader, as well as on the parameter of the control method (visibility range) have been obtained. Moreover, the optimal values of the visibility range for various values of the base length, base coefficient and machine speed have been defined according to the proposed efficiency criterion.Results. As a result of approximating the obtained optimal values, the pure pursuit method has been modified to control a self-driving motor grader, taking into account its design features and travel speed. The results obtained can be used to create the prototypes of unmanned control systems for road construction vehicles.

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Sukharev, R. Yu. "Trajectory Plotting Algorithm for a Self-Driving Road Grader." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012181.

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Abstract The deployment of self-driving technologies occurs in various industries and economic sectors. Self-driving taxi cabs can be found in city streets, in Russia as well as in other countries. The introduction of self-driving technologies in construction, namely, construction machinery, is a promising area that will develop rapidly in the nearest few years. A road grader is the construction machine whose control algorithms resemble those of selfdriving cars the most. One of the first development stages for the self-driving road grader is trajectory plotting. This article presents the developed trajectory plotting algorithm for the road grader taking into account its design features (minimum turn radius).

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Kristof Nagy, Peter. "Internet usage of fourth-grader primary school pupils." Applied Technologies and Innovations 10, no. 3 (August 14, 2014): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/ati.2014.17.

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Mishra, Anand, Sanjeet Kumar Jha, and Shreemat Shrestha. "Performance Evaluation of Onion Grader." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): p9768. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.01.2020.p9768.

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Laili, Siti Indatul, and Enny Virda Yuniarti. "INFLUENCE OF FREE DRAWINGS TO IMPROVE CREATIVITY IN 5TH GRADER CHILDREN IN MI MU'AWANAH AL-HASYIMIYAH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2017/vol1.iss1.44.

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Free drawing on children provides a vast opportunity to explore in order to fulfill curiosity. By drawing the child freely express his ideas through fantasy. Safety and freedom are important conditions for the growth of creativity. The objective of the study was to prove the effect of free drawing on the improvement of creativity in 5th grader children in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah. This research design used one group pre-posttest design. The population of this research were all 5th graders in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah as many as 26 children. The sample of this research was all 5th graders in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah as many as 26 children taken with total sampling. Measurement tool used by the questionnaire to assess creativity. Research was on 15th â€“ 27thJuly 2017. Statistic test used Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The results showed that all 26 (100%) of respondents had positive creativity and Ïcount 0,014 = and a table = 0,05. It meant that there was a free drawing effect on the increase of creativity in 5th grader children in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah. When a child draws, the child will perform activities of crossing out, scratching, and color freely. Thus, able to create various ideas and will give satisfaction for children. New ideas as pieces of creative thinking for children. Keywords: child, creativity, free drawing

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Laili, Siti Indatul, and Enny Virda Yuniarti. "INFLUENCE OF FREE DRAWINGS TO IMPROVE CREATIVITY IN 5TH GRADER CHILDREN IN MI MU'AWANAH AL-HASYIMIYAH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2017/vol1/iss1/44.

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Free drawing on children provides a vast opportunity to explore in order to fulfill curiosity. By drawing the child freely express his ideas through fantasy. Safety and freedom are important conditions for the growth of creativity. The objective of the study was to prove the effect of free drawing on the improvement of creativity in 5th grader children in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah. This research design used one group pre-posttest design. The population of this research were all 5th graders in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah as many as 26 children. The sample of this research was all 5th graders in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah as many as 26 children taken with total sampling. Measurement tool used by the questionnaire to assess creativity. Research was on 15th â€“ 27thJuly 2017. Statistic test used Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. The results showed that all 26 (100%) of respondents had positive creativity and Ïcount 0,014 = and a table = 0,05. It meant that there was a free drawing effect on the increase of creativity in 5th grader children in MI Mu'awanah Al-Hasyimiyah. When a child draws, the child will perform activities of crossing out, scratching, and color freely. Thus, able to create various ideas and will give satisfaction for children. New ideas as pieces of creative thinking for children. Keywords: child, creativity, free drawing

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van der Veen, Stacey, and Erin Marie Furtak. "Backtalk." Phi Delta Kappan 98, no. 8 (May 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721717708306.

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Inviting teachers to “think like a 5th grader” is a misguided effort frequently employed by PD facilitators. Experiencing learning as an adult with the depth of understanding that teachers have about learning is a much smarter strategy. When teachers themselves struggle to learn and when they reflect upon those struggles, they will uncover new understandings about the best way to teach 5th graders. The authors advise using formative assessments when teachers want to know what students understand and where they struggle.

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Novikov, Arthur, Michael Drapalyuk, Olga Dornyak, Vladimir Zelikov, and Vladan Ivetić. "The Effect of Motion Time of a Scots Pine Single Seed on Mobile Optoelectronic Grader Efficiency: A Mathematical Patterning." Inventions 4, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4040055.

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Research Highlights: Forest owners will be able to solve the problem of testing and selection of viable forest seeds on location and save financial, time, and material resources. The possibility of integrating non-destructive quality control and separation functions in a single portable apparatus is extremely promising. The speed of the contemporary optoelectronic grader is limited by the speed of the slowest component—the mechanical system. Background and Objectives: The technological process of forest seed establishment and design of optoelectronic graders is based on a priori mathematical modeling of structural characteristics, taking into account these criteria. Known models of industrial photoseparators are expensive and have a high energy and material consumption not applicable in the field. Laboratory seed analyzers are characterized by a long time exposure, and the overall size and level of climatic performance do not allow them to be used in the field. Consequently, for small amounts of seed treatment, it is necessary to orient the seeds one by one and ensure clear and rapid coordinated actions of optoelectronic and mechanical systems. The main goal of this research is to increase the efficiency of grading forest seeds by patterning the speed of the mobile device. We will answer the following questions. What are effective geometric parameters for the seed pipe? What factors affect the speed of a single seed’s movement? Materials and Methods: This study is based on mathematical modeling, taking into account the basic principles of mechanics, using MatLab software. Results: A mechanical model of a single Scots pine seed’s motion in different zones of the seed pipe is designed, taking into account air resistance. The effective height of the seed pipe, taking into account the response time of optoelectronic grader systems, is determined. Conclusions: The time and speed of single seed movement through grader systems depends on the seed pipe’s height and radius of curvature. Other things being equal, through the use of the same optical scheme with a microprocessor to solve various problems, the compactness of the photodetector scheme allows, if necessary, to upgrade the grader to solve research problems and for use in forestry.

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Taslim, Fadilla. "An Experimental Study of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Hyponymy Games on the Seventh Grader F MTs Syech Ibrahim Payakumbuh." Al-Ta lim Journal 21, no. 3 (November 19, 2014): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v21i3.103.

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Language is an effective tool to get communication, interaction, and information about other people, society and other groups. Whenever people think about language, they usually think of mastering vocabulary. Mastering vocabulary means that they know all the words in the language which we use. In this research, the writer would like to carry out the research under title “An Experimental Study of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Hyponymy Games on the Seventh Grader of MTs Syech Ibrahim Payakumbuh. It was quasi experimental method. The population was all of the seventh grader at Seventh Grader of MTs Syech Ibrahim Payakumbuh. But, the writer just took one class as the sample. The objects of the study was the seventh grade of 7c class. From the result of statistic calculation, it is obtained the value of to is 8,9 and tt is 2,64. So tott. The comparison between t-score with t-table (2,64 8,9). It means that hypothesis of the research is accepted, or there is significant difference between the results of teaching vocabulary through hyponymy games for the Seventh Grader of MTs Syech Ibrahim Payakumbuh. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved

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Zainuddin, Zainuddin. "DEVELOPING SUPPLEMENTARY READING MATERIALS FOR THE STUDENTS OF EIGHTH GRADERS NURUS SALAFIYAH PROBOLINGGO." Journal of English for Academic and Specific Purposes 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jeasp.v2i2.7827.

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<div>Developing Supplementary Reading Materials for the students of eighth Graders at Nurus Salafiyah Probolinggo. It modified Latief model (2009); the researcher developed material based on data analysis taken from a preliminary study. The material was validated and tried-out to class VIII-B of Nurus Salafiyah Probolinggo. The result showed that this study and the product have successfully answered the students' needs in reading skills. Therefore, the product could be used for the eighth-grader students of Nurus Salafiyah Probolinggo</div>

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Moulton, Richard J., Stefan J. Konasiewicz, and Paul O'Connor. "A New Quantitative Measure for Monitoring Somatosensory Evoked Potentials." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 21, S1 (February 1994): S17—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900007567.

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AbstractThis paper describes the development and testing of a computer algorithm to automate the process of peak identification and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) grading. We tested the accuracy of computerized peak detection and evaluated grading schemes using a test set of 60 SSEPs ranked from worst to best by the programmer (RJM) and a blinded grader (PO). The computer algorithm recognized 95% of peaks identified by visual inspection. Twelve percent of peaks identified by the computer were noise. Summed peak to peak amplitude gave the most accurate ranking of SSEPs. Rank correlation between computer and blinded and unblinded expert grading was r = .82 for PO, r = .92 for RJM, p < .0001 for both. Computer and manually summed amplitudes were highly correlated (Pearson r = .98, p < .0001). Correlation between the 2 expert graders was .86, p < .0001. Computer graded SSEPs were significantly related to clinical outcome at 3 months, p < .0001. Automatic grading of SSEPs using summed peak to peak amplitude is highly correlated with expert grading. The measure is objective, continuous, and well suited to statistical analysis.

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Breškovskaja, Karine, and Elena Dekina. "Features of the social situation of first-grader development in the context of humanistic education." Zbornik radova Uciteljskog fakulteta Prizren-Leposavic, no. 14 (2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrufpl2014181b.

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The article presents a scientific analysis of the problems of the social situation of the development of students in the context of the humanistic education paradigm, characterizes the features of the social situation of the development of a first grader in the context of humanistic education. During the study, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the literature on the research problem, which allowed to identify: age and psychological characteristics of the social situation of the development of a first grader; the main directions of diagnosing the features of the social situation of the development of first-grade students. The results obtained contribute to the creation of an effective social situation for the development of a first-grader within the framework of the organization of the educational process in the humanistic education paradigm.

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Husnul Khatimi and Yuslena Sari. "PREDIKSI KUALITAS HASIL HUTAN LAHAN BASAH MENGGUNAKAN BACKPROPAGATION." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM) 1, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtiulm.v1i1.6.

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Many forests are wetlands plant palm or tribe (family) Arecaceae. One type is the coconut (Cocos nucifera) is often utilized all its parts including stem used for wood materials, the process of selecting coconut wood are used as ingredients of a product made by a grader trained by observing the wood directly without using tools (manual). The method of causing dependence expertise and experience in the selection of a grader coconut wood. With the limitations of a grader, then arises a problem when a large number of coconut wood objects tested manually exceeds the capacity of a grader. Therefore, the grouping of coconut wood needs to be made with intelligent systems that can overcome these problems. Determination of coconut wood can be automatically built using backpropagation method to identify the parameters of the determining characteristics of coconut wood obtained from coconut wood image of two-dimensional (2D). Determination of coconut wood characteristic parameters based on the extraction of texture features based on the image histogram 2D coconut wood. Features texture obtained from the histogram method is among others: the mean intensity, standard deviation, skewness, energy, entropy, and subtlety. This paper describes the determination of the quality of coconut timber using back propagation algorithm based on coconut wood texture 2D image.

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González-Carrillo, Cristian D., Felipe Restrepo-Calle, Jhon J. Ramírez-Echeverry, and Fabio A. González. "Automatic Grading Tool for Jupyter Notebooks in Artificial Intelligence Courses." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 12050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112050.

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Jupyter notebooks provide an interactive programming environment that allows writing code, text, equations, and multimedia resources. They are widely used as a teaching support tool in computer science and engineering courses. However, manual grading programming assignments in Jupyter notebooks is a challenging task, thus using an automatic grader becomes a must. This paper presents UNCode notebook auto-grader, that offers summative and formative feedback instantaneously. It provides instructors with an easy-to-use grader generator within the platform, without having to deploy a new server. Additionally, we report the experience of employing this tool in two artificial intelligence courses: Introduction to Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning. Several programming activities were carried out using the proposed tool. Analysis of students’ interactions with the tool and the students’ perceptions are presented. Results showed that the tool was widely used to evaluate their tasks, as a large number of submissions were performed. Students expressed positive opinions mostly, giving feedback about the auto-grader, highlighting the usefulness of the immediate feedback and the grading code, among other aspects that helped them to solve the activities. Results remarked on the importance of providing clear grading code and formative feedback to help the students to identify errors and correct them.

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Vallar, Pat, Muriel Beshears, and Jill Smith. "What Is a Sixth Grader Anyway?" English Journal 80, no. 1 (January 1991): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/818092.

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PAWAR, S. G., M. S. PAWAR, and S. U. KHODKE. "Performance evaluation of concentric screen grader." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijae/8.1/140-143.

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Christie, Kathy. "Working to Improve 9th-Grader Success." Phi Delta Kappan 90, no. 3 (November 2008): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170809000303.

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Рыдзе and Oxana Rydze. "School Life Problems of aFfirst Grader." Primary Education 2, no. 6 (December 17, 2014): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7337.

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The article offers provisions of the Federal state educational standard of the primary general education, Sanitary and epidemiologic norms and regulations, and Approximate main educational program of elementary school that regulate educational process in first classes of elementary school. The author comprehensively explains requirements of the state documents and possible cases of its abuse by teaching staff that lead to inadmissible increase in study load and violation of educational mode.

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Hedden, Steven K., and Nancy Ferguson. "The Ears of a Seventh Grader." Soundings (Reston, VA) 3, no. 1 (October 1989): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104837138900300104.

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Meshcheryakov, V. A., and V. V. Weber. "SETPOINT OPTIMIZATION FOR THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE MOTOR GRADER IN HEAVYLOAD MODE." Vestnik SibADI 15, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-4-502-513.

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Introduction. The authors suggest the optimal tuning method foran automatic control system of the heavy motor grader blade. The demonstrated system regulates the value of digging force. Moreover, the setpoint optimization criterion is the maximum of production rate.Materials and methods. The optimal setpoint is generating to the signal estimations, specifically to the measured digging force and the wheels slip ratio during the previous stroke of the motor grader.There searchincludes:development of the blade control system functional diagram including the setpoint former;meaningful estimation of the slip ratio signal for control purposes;development of the setpoint forming algorithm for a microprocessor control unit;program realization of the motor grader workflow model and simulation;development of the algorithm to compose the lookup table containing optimal setpoint values and based on simulation results;dependence of optimal setpoint on the incoming signal estimations.Results. The lookup table of optimal setpoint values is obtained, the estimations of digging force and wheels slip ratio are presented. In addition, the authors suggest the control system structure with the optimal setpoint former and also develop the former operation algorithm.Discussion and conclusion. The optimal setpoint values are theoretically validated for the motor grader control system. The tuning method for an automatic control system of the heavy motor grader blade has the following characteristics as:the optimal control criterion as the production rate;process dynamics and stochastics;the excessive slippage time ratio.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Grader'

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