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Journal articles on the topic 'Gradient coatings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Szparaga, Łukasz, Przemysław Bartosik, Adam Gilewicz, Katarzyna Mydłowska, and Jerzy Ratajski. "Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020296.

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One of the key components of the designing procedure of a structure of hard anti-wear coatings deposited via Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) is the analysis of the stress and strain distributions in the substrate/coating systems, initiated during the deposition process and by external mechanical loads. Knowledge of residual stress development is crucial due to their significant influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of such layer systems. The main goal of the work is to find the optimal functionally graded material (FGM) coating’s structure, composed of three functional layer

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Szparaga, Łukasz, Przemysław Bartosik, Adam Gilewicz, Katarzyna Mydłowska, and Jerzy Ratajski. "Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020296.

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One of the key components of the designing procedure of a structure of hard anti-wear coatings deposited via Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) is the analysis of the stress and strain distributions in the substrate/coating systems, initiated during the deposition process and by external mechanical loads. Knowledge of residual stress development is crucial due to their significant influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of such layer systems. The main goal of the work is to find the optimal functionally graded material (FGM) coating’s structure, composed of three functional layer

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3

Maulet, M., B. K. Rakhadilov, W. Wieleba, and Zh B. Sagdoldina. "UTILIZING DETONATION SPRAYING IN THE PROCESS OF FORTIFYING COMPONENTS WITHIN POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences, no. 1(13) (March 29, 2024): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2024-1(13)-43.

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The article addresses challenges related to enhancing the performance characteristics of power plant components. Research conducted by different authors demonstrates that when aiming to enhance the operational qualities of these parts, detonation spraying yields superior outcomes owing to its low porosity, high strength, and strong adhesion of the coatings produced. Also benefits of employing Ni-Cr-Al-based coatings as high oxidation resistant coating. The study involves the acquisition of Ni-Cr-Al-based gradient structured coatings using detonation spraying techniques. Investigated their phas

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Li, Chenchen, Xuefeng Yang, Shouren Wang, Yanjun Wang, and Jinlong Cao. "Preparation of WC Reinforced Co-Based Alloy Gradient Coatings on a H13 Mold Steel Substrate by Laser Cladding." Coatings 10, no. 2 (2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020176.

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H13 die steel often fails as a result of physical and chemical effects such as wear, erosion and cyclic stress. Accordingly, the study evaluates Co-based gradient coating on an H13 steel featuring a stress-relieving effect. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure and phase of the coatings. A microhardness tester and friction and wear tester were used to compare the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings and the substrate, and the wear morphology was observed. A pendulum impact test was used to compare the impact resistance of the coating

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Su, Ya Yu, Xiao Lei Li, Hui Jie Tang, Zhi Hao Zhao, and Jian He. "Thermal Shock Behavior and Bonding Strength of MoSi₂-BaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Gradient Porous Coating with Polymethyl Methacrylate Addition for Porous Fibrous Insulations." Solid State Phenomena 281 (August 2018): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.493.

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In order to improve the thermal shock behavior of high temperature resistant coating on porous fibrous referactory insulations, the MoSi2-BaO-Al2O3-SiO2(MoSi2-BAS) gradient porous coatings were designed by preparing a dense surface layer and a porous bonding layer with the method of brushing and subsequent sintering at 1773 K. The porous bonding layer was obtained by adding polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as pore former. As the content of PMMA increases, the MoSi2-BAS coatings changed from a dense structure into a gradient porous structure. The interface bonding strength and thermal shock resis

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M. Maulet, B. Rakhadilov, M. Rutkowska-Gorczyca, Zh. Sagdoldina, and D. Buitkenov. "ASSESSMENT OF NI-CR-AL HIGH-TEMPERATURE DETONATION COATINGS UNDER OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, no. 4.2024 (December 30, 2024): 231–41. https://doi.org/10.48081/wmcr9023.

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This study evaluates the high-temperature durability and oxidation resistance of homogeneous and gradient Ni-Cr-Al detonation coatings applied to 12Kh1MF steel substrates. Samples were exposed to operational conditions in a power plant for two weeks, simulating high-temperature industrial environments. The research utilizes X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze phase stability, surface morphology, and structural integrity of the coatings before and after thermal exposure. Findings reveal that gradient coatings outperform homogeneous ones, demonstrating super

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WANG, TAO, NING WANG, YANG LI, HAO WANG, JIE TANG, and YUNSHAN WANG. "STUDY ON PREPARATION TECHNOLOGIES OF THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 04 (2016): 1730004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17300040.

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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is one of the main key technology for the high-pressure turbine blades which are the main components of the high-performance aerospace engines. It offers protection for underline metallic components from corrosion, oxidation and localized melting by insulating the metal from hot gases in the engine core. The properties and lifetime of TBCs are greatly influenced by the preparation technology, which includes plasma spraying (PS), physical vapor deposition (PVD) and laser re-melting (LM). In this paper, three technologies used to prepare the TBCs are reviewed. Res

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Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan, Laila Sulyubayeva, Meruyert Maulet, Zhuldyz Sagdoldina, Dastan Buitkenov, and Ainur Issova. "Investigation of High-Temperature Oxidation of Homogeneous and Gradient Ni-Cr-Al Coatings Obtained by Detonation Spraying." Coatings 14, no. 1 (2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010011.

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The high-temperature oxidation of homogeneous and gradient coatings based on Ni-Cr-Al obtained by detonation spraying is investigated. To assess the resistance to high-temperature oxidation of Ni-Cr-Al coatings, cyclic tests were carried out at a temperature of 1000 °C for 50 cycles. The assessment of high-temperature oxidizing ability was carried out by measuring the weight gain of samples after each cycle. After high-temperature oxidation tests, the morphology and chemical composition of the coating structure in the cross-section were investigated using SEM/EDS. The phase composition of the

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9

He, Dai Hua, Qian Zhao, Chang Bao Wang, et al. "Sol-Gel Derived Gradient Biocoatings on Titanium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.426.

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The bioceramic hydroxyapaptie (HA) is frequently used as coat in titanium medical implants improving bone fixation and thus increasing a lifetime of the implant. However, its joining to the titanium alloy is not satisfactorily good. The aim of this work is to produce TiO2and HA gradient coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy to improve the interface joining. Compared the microstructures of cross section of Ti6Al4V-HA coating and Ti6Al4V-TiO2/HA gradient coatings. HA coatings were obtained by sol-gel method with sol solutions prepared from calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and triethyl phosphate as the calcium a

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Sagdoldina, Zh B., D. R. Baizhan, Y. Y. Kambarov, and K. Torebek. "Obtaining functional-gradient Ti-HA coatings by detonation spraying." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 107, no. 3 (2022): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph3/43-51.

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Functional-gradient titanium/hydroxyapatite (TiHA) coatings were obtained using detonation spraying technology to improve the structure and mechanical properties. To obtain functional-gradient coatings, pulsed energy sources are best suited, namely, detonation spraying, in which the energy of the explosion of gas mixtures is used as a source of pulsed action. By controlling the modes of detonation spraying, it is possible to vary the temperature and rate of coating deposition; accordingly, it is possible to obtain a certain structuralphase structure of the coatings. The structural-phase state

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11

Ning, Cheng Yun, Ying Jun Wang, Xiao Feng Chen, Jian Dong Ye, Gang Wu, and Na Ru Zhao. "TEM Analysis on Bio-Functional Gradient Hydroxyapatite/ZrO₂ Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1676.

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In the present study, bioactive functional gradient coatings were prepared using net-energy controlled plasma spraying technology. The microstructure and phases of the bioactive functional gradient coating were examined by means of transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that: (1) as-sprayed coatings contained a large amount of amorphous phases and some nano-sized HA crystals formed during rapid solidification, (2) surface of the coating was very rough with different-sized micropores, and the gradient layer was much denser whic

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Ratajski, Jerzy, Adam Gilewicz, Katarzyna Mydłowska, and Łukasz Szparaga. "Inter-Relationship between Coating Micro/Nanostructure and the Tribological Performance of Zr–C Gradient Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111121.

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The research presented in this article concerns Zr–C gradient coatings that were deposited on HS6-5-2 steel by reactive magnetron sputtering from the Zr target in appropriately programmed C2H2 mass flow rate, resulting in various profiles of atomic carbon concentrations in the coating and consequently in spatial change of the properties (H, E, …) and behavior (H/E, H3/E2, We). In particular, the characteristic changes in hardness and Young’s modulus in the Zr–C coatings represented approximately by the bell curve, which has a maximum at the content of about 50 at.% C, were an inspiration to st

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13

Maulet, M., Zh B. Sagdoldina, A. Çoruh, and A. B. Alibekova. "INVESTIGATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DETONATION Ni-Cr-Al COATINGS." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences 1, no. 4(16) (2024): 355–60. https://doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2024-4(16)-45.

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This study explores the tribological properties of Ni-Cr-Al coatings applied through detonation spraying technology, with a focus on the comparison between gradient coatings and homogeneous coatings. Ni-Cr-Al coatings, widely used in aerospace, automotive, and energy industries like power plants, are valued for their exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability. Gradient coatings, produced by tailoring the detonation spraying parameters, exhibit a microstructure combining a hard, wear-resistant surface with a softer, ductile subsurface, enhancing their load-bearing cap

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14

Zhu, Yousheng, Biju Zheng, Chen Hua, Hezhong Pei, and Peng Song. "Influence of Gradient Index and Pores on the Properties and Internal Stress of Continuous Transition Ceramic–Metal Coating." Coatings 12, no. 5 (2022): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050569.

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Thermal-sprayed ceramic coatings are widely used in industry due to their favorable mechanical properties. However, traditional ceramic coatings are prone to failure due to the differences in physical properties between the bonding coating and the ceramic coating. In order to solve this problem, a continuous transition zone was introduced between the ceramic coating and the bonding coating, then air plasma spraying was used to prepare traditional coatings and continuous transition coatings. The Vickers hardness analysis results show that the existence of the continuous transition zone made the

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15

Zhang, Dong, Bao Ping Zhang, Zhi Ge Li, Lin Wang, Bin Liu, and Jin Qing Wang. "Biocompatibility of HAP/Ti Gradient Coating by Microarc Oxidation and Biomimetic Process." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.325.

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This study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of HAP/Ti gradient coating by microarc oxidation and biomimetic process. Titanium alloys were activated by microarc oxidation (MAO), and immersed in simulated body fluid to prepare HAP/Ti gradient coating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) had been used to investigate the microstructure of the coatings. The biocompatibility of the coatings was evaluated by animal acute and subacute toxicity test, micronucleus test, hemolysis test, and oral mucosa test. The results showed HAP/Ti gradient coating was successfully fabricated on the substrate. The an

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Kantay, N., B. K. Rakhadilov, A. Nabioldina, and M. Paszkowski. "Influence of Detonation Spray Parameters on the Formation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Gradient Coatings based on Alumina." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 105, no. 1 (2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph1/6-14.

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Using the detonation method, the shaft was filled with a gas mixture of C2H2 /O2 from 53 to 68 % and an alumina-based gradient coating was obtained on the surface of the substrate. The microstructure of the coatings was studied by scanning electron microscopic analysis. By increasing the proportion of α-Al2O3 phase towards the surface layer of the coating by 10–15 %, a coating layer with increased strength and wear resistance was received. By X-ray structural study, changes in the α-Al2O3 lattice were studied by reducing the amount of gas filling in the barrel and the firing time from 1 s to 0

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Rakhadilov, B. K., M. Maulet, D. N. Kakimzhanov, O. A. Stepanova, and G. B. Botabaeva. "Comparative study of the structure and properties of homogeneous and gradient Ni-Cr-Al coatings." Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials 6, no. 1 (2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/ejpfm.2022060105.

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This paper compares the structure and properties of homogeneous and gradient coatings in the Ni-Cr-Al system obtained by detonation spraying. According to X-ray analysis, only the CrNi3 phase appears in the homogeneous coating, and CrNi3 , Al, and NiAl phases appear on the gradient coating. The elements distribution graphs show that a small amount of aluminum is distributed over the depth of the homogeneous coating and in the gradient coating. The distribution of aluminum in the gradient Ni-Cr-Al coating gradually increases from the depth to the surface, and a high amount of aluminum forms in

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Maulet, M., Zh B. Sagdoldina, B. K. Rakhadilov, D. N. Kakimzhanov, and N. M. Magazov. "Influence of the content of aluminum on the structure of gradient detonation coatings based on NiCr-Al." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 107, no. 3 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph3/18-24.

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This paper studies the effects of aluminium content in the composite powder on the structure of detonation gradient coatings based on NiCr-Al. Gradient coatings were obtained by detonation spraying with a gradual stepwise decrease in the barrel filling volume with an acetylene-oxygen gas mixture from 50% to 25%. The elemental and phase composition, microstructure and surface roughness of coatings based on NiCr-Al with different aluminium content of 15%, 20%, and 30% were investigated. By varying the aluminium content in the powder composition, coatings with a gradient structure were obtained.

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Szparaga, Łukasz, Przemysław Bartosik, Adam Gilewicz, and Jerzy Ratajski. "Optimization of CrN/CrCN Gradient Coatings." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.41.

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The paper describes the optimization procedure supporting the designing process of geometry of gradient coatings basing on numerical simulation of internal stress and strain distributions in the coating and substrate. In mathematical model the gradient coating is represented by the so-called transition functions describing the change of physico-chemical parameters such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, thermal expansion coefficient and the density as a function of the spatial variables. The object of optimization is system composed of a CrN/CrCN gradient coating and Cr interlayer between th

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Maulet, M., M. N. Azlan, S. Bolatov, and A. Alibekova. "DURABILITY AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF Ni-Cr-Al DETONATION COATINGS UNDER Na2SO4/NaCl EXPOSURE." Bulletin of Shakarim University. Technical Sciences 1, no. 4(16) (2024): 389–94. https://doi.org/10.53360/2788-7995-2024-4(16)-49.

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This study investigates the durability and corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr-Al detonation-sprayed coatings when exposed to high-temperature environments containing molten Na₂SO₄ and NaCl. Such conditions are highly corrosive and frequently encountered in aerospace, energy, and chemical industries. Gradient and homogeneous Ni-Cr-Al coatings were compared to understand their behavior under aggressive exposure. The reveal of results those gradient coatings exhibit superior corrosion resistance due to their ability to retain protective oxides, such as Cr₂O₃, and mitigate stress-induced damage through

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Makarov, A. M., T. I. Bobkova, A. F. Vasiliev, D. A. Geraschenkov, I. S. Prudnikov, and B. V. Farmakovsky. "Effect of gas phase composition on functional-gradient coatings formation by supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(93) (January 6, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-93-1-65-69.

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The paper develops method for manufacturing wear and corrosion-resistant gradient coating. A special feature of the proposed method is the creation of chemical composition gradient due to controlled variation of the gas phase composition when applying supersonic cold gas-dynamic spraying. This ensures high adhesive strength of the composite coatings of the metal-non-metal system in combination with high micro-hardness of the peripheral layers. Such functional gradient coatings have wide practical applications.

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Kolaklieva, Lilyana, Roumen Kakanakov, D. Chaliampalias, et al. "Mechanical, Structural and Thermal Properties of Multilayered Gradient Nanocomposite Coatings." Journal of Nano Research 17 (February 2012): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.17.193.

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Multilayered, Gradient Tialsin-Based Nanocomposite Coatings Have Been Developed and Investigated with Respect to their Applicability in the Machining Industry. the Main Coating Layer Was Composed of 5-8 Nm Tin and Aln Nanograins. the Coating Possessed Hardness as High as 40 GPA, which Allows it to Be Classified as Superhard. during Heating up to 900oC in Air in Steps of 100oC for 6 H at each Temperature, the Coating Showed Good Stability up to 700oC. Thermal Treatment over this Temperature Caused a Decrease in the Hardness to Values Characteristic for Tialn Multilayered Coatings, while the Adh

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Liu, Qi Bin, and Bang Cheng Yang. "The Bioactivity of Gradient Composite Bioceramic Coating with La₂O₃Fabricated by Wide Band Laser Cladding." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.91.

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To improve the quality of bioceramic gradient coatings, wide band laser cladding technique was adopted to produce a kind of gradient composite bioceramic coating, which combines the good biocompatibility of HA and β-TCP with good toughness and strength of TC4 alloy. The rare earths oxide La2O3 was added to improve the properties of the bioceramic coating. The results indicate that when the adding of La2O3 is 0.6wt%, the ceramics coating is of the largest amount of HA and β-TCP catalyzed, and the number of cells proliferated and the ALP secreted on coatings is the biggest, which indicates that

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Gou, Li, Ji Lei Zhu, Jun Guo Ran, and Suang Feng Yan. "Diamond Coated on Cobalt-Deficient Gradient Tungsten Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1889.

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In order to improve the adhesion between diamond coatings and cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrates, the diamond coatings were deposited on one kind of cobalt-deficient gradient WC-Co by the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the diamond coatings. The results showed dense, well facet diamond coatings. The cobalt content at the surface of substrate was measured by electron probe microanalysis. It was found that Co did not largely move to the surface as usual with deposition t

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Xi, Yuntao, Lin Wan, Jungang Hou, et al. "Improvement of Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of AISI 420 Stainless Steel by Ion-Assisted Deposition ZrN Coatings." Metals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111811.

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In this paper, a pragmatic technique has been developed to evaluate the erosion-corrosion behavior of three kinds of ZrN coatings (i.e., monolayer, multilayer, and gradient layers) which were deposited on AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel using an ion-assisted deposition technology. Among them, the monolayer coating refers to the coating with no change in composition and structure, the multilayer coating refers to the coating with alternating change of Zr/ZrN, and the gradient coating refers to the ZrN coating by increasing N2 partial pressure gradually. The morphology, composition, and mic

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Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan, Meruyert Maulet, Madi Abilev, Zhuldyz Sagdoldina, and Rauan Kozhanova. "Structure and Tribological Properties of Ni–Cr–Al-Based Gradient Coating Prepared by Detonation Spraying." Coatings 11, no. 2 (2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020218.

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In this paper, Ni–Cr–Al coatings were deposited using the detonation spraying method. The aim was to investigate how technological parameters influence coating structure formation, phase composition and tribological performances. We observed that the degree to which the barrel is filled with an O2/C2H2 gas mixture strongly influences the chemical composition of manufactured coatings. High degrees of barrel filling led to a decrease in aluminum content in the coating. Filling degrees of 40% and 50% produced sprayed coatings in which only Ni–Cr phases could be found. When the filling degree was

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Fang, Ming Hao, Yan Gai Liu, and Zhao Hui Huang. "Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Ni/Al-Al₂O₃ Gradient Ceramic Coatings on Q235 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2647.

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Ni/Al-Al2O3 gradient ceramic coating was prepared on Q235 steel by plasma spraying. Microstructure and corrosion behavior in boiling 5%HCl solution of the samples sprayed with this coating were investigated. The results showed that thickness of Al2O3 ceramic coating was increased greatly and almost no connected pores formed in the gradient coating due to the existent of Ni/Al-Al2O3 transition interlayer coatings. The corrosion resistance of Q235 steel with Ni/Al-Al2O3 gradient composite ceramic coating in boiling 5%HCl solution was greatly improved.

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Wang, Yu, Qi Liu, Quansheng Zheng, Tianqing Li, Nanjing Chong, and Yu Bai. "Bonding and Thermal-Mechanical Property of Gradient NiCoCrAlY/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings with Millimeter Level Thickness." Coatings 11, no. 5 (2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050600.

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The thermal insulation properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can be significantly improved with increasing the coating thickness. However, due to the weak bonding of high-thickness TBCs, the low reliability and short lifetime greatly limits their application under some severe operating conditions. In this study, a novel and high-efficiency synchronous dual powder feeding method is used to deposit a series of gradient NiCoCrAlY/YSZ coatings with millimeter level thickness. The tensile bonding strengths and residual stress state of coatings are evaluated in order to explore the effect of

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Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan, Dauir Kakimzhanov, Merkhat Dautbekov, Zhuldyz Sagdoldina, Meruyert Adylkanova, and Riza Abylkalykova. "Influence of Spraying Parameters on the Structure and Tribological Properties of Cr3C2-NiCr Detonation Coatings." Advances in Tribology 2023 (March 31, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6684656.

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In this work, the influence of spray parameters on the formation of the microstructure, phase composition, and the tribological properties of detonation flame sprayed coatings was studied. It was determined that the chemical composition of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings during detonation spraying depends on the degree of filling the barrel with an explosive gas mixture. The degree of filling the barrel with an explosive gas mixture at 73% leads to a decrease in the content of carbide phases, and at 57% filling of the barrel, an increase in carbide phases is observed. It is established that the decrease o

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Zhou, Li Ming, Wei Gong, and En Ze Wang. "Analysis on the Residual Stresses in Functionally Gradient Fe360/Glass-Ceramic Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.215.

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A novel functionally gradient composite was reported in this article. The composite material are composed of plain low carbon steel Fe360 as a substrate and glass-ceramics containing ZrO2 reinforcing particles as a coating. Based on a mathematical model of the residual stress, the geometric model and finite element analysis models of the Fe360/glass-ceramic gradient coatings were established. The residual stress of the gradient layers was calculated with the commercial software ANSYS 10.0. The results showed that the differences of thermal expansion coefficient and shrinkage rate in each layer

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Rakhadilov, B. K., A. B. Nugumanova, P. Kowalewski, M. K. Kylyshkanov, L. B. Bayatanova, and D. N. Kakimzhanov. "Obtaining functional gradient coatings based on Al2O3 by detonation spraying." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 100, no. 4 (2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph4/22-27.

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The article deals with the phase composition and hardness of Al2O3 coatings obtained by detonation spraying. It was found that a decrease in the delay time between shots is leading to an increase in the hardness and elastic module of Al2O3 coatings. It was found based on X-ray diffraction analysis that the main reason for the increase in hardness with a decreasing in the delay time between shots is associated with increases in the volume fraction of α- Al2O3 phase. A high content of the more ductile γ-Al2O3 phase at the substrate-coating interface leads to an increase in adhesion characteristi

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Buitkenov, Dastan, Aiym Nabioldina, and Nurmakhanbet Raisov. "Development of Method for Applying Multilayer Gradient Thermal Protective Coatings Using Detonation Spraying." Coatings 14, no. 7 (2024): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14070899.

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In this work, multilayer gradient coatings obtained by detonation spraying were studied. To obtain a multilayer gradient coating by detonation spraying, two modes with different numbers of shots of NiCrAlY and YSZ were developed. The presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of creating a gradient structure in coatings, ensuring a smooth transition from metal to ceramic materials. Morphological analysis of the coatings confirmed a layered gradient structure, consisting of a lower metallic (NiCrAlY) layer and an upper ceramic (YSZ) layer. The variation in the contents of elements along th

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Ren, Yuxin, Zhaolu Zhang, Guangyu He, Yan Chai, Yanli Zhang, and Zilei Zhang. "Erosion Performance of TiN/Ti Coatings under Different Nitrogen Flow Rates." Coatings 14, no. 9 (2024): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091144.

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This study employed magnetic filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition to fabricate TiN/Ti multilayer coatings, examining the impact of nitrogen flow rates—4, 8, 12, and 16 sccm—on their performance, with an emphasis on gradient flow rates from 4 to 12 sccm. The coatings’ phase composition shifted from TiN0.26 to a Ti2N and TiN composite, optimizing the microstructure and significantly increasing the hardness to 24.37 GPa and the elastic modulus to 219.84 GPa at the 16 sccm rate. The surface roughness reduction further improved erosion resistance. Coatings made under gradient flow exhibited redu

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Tu, Rong, Jiao Jiao, Mingquan Jiang, et al. "Effect of Gradient Multilayer Design on Tribological Performance of TiN/TiSiN Coatings Prepared by Cathodic Arc Ion Plating." Coatings 13, no. 5 (2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050836.

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Hard coatings, such as transition metal nitrides, have been widely applied to improve the mechanical properties and tribological performance of cutting tools. The coatings in various multilayered or gradient structures have been designed to meet the demands of more severe service environments and more precise processing requirements. In this work, TiN/TiSiN coatings in several gradient and multilayered structures were deposited on cemented carbides by cathodic arc ion plating using Ti and TiSi alloy targets. The modulation period (Λ) of the multilayer gradually varies with thickness, ranging f

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Szparaga, Łukasz, Piotr Myśliński, Adam Gilewicz, and Jerzy Ratajski. "Investigations on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of CrN/CrCN Gradient Coatings Using a Thermo-Dilatometric Method." Solid State Phenomena 223 (November 2014): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.223.100.

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The paper describes issues related to the use of dilatometric methods for the study of thermo-mechanical properties of PVD gradient coatings. Tests were conducted on three types of CrCN / CrN coatings, which differed in the nature of the change of physico-chemical parameters in the gradient transition layer, deposited on a molybdenum substrate with the use of the cathodic arc evaporation method. The scope of the experimental studies included an analysis of the changes of the thermal “extortion” of the substrate – PVD coating system during annealing processes. In parallel, for comparison purpos

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Liu, Qi Bin, and Bang Cheng Yang. "Mechanical Properties on Gradient Bioceramic Composite Coating Produced by Wide-Band Laser Cladding." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.681.

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To eliminate thermal stress during laser cladding and to raise the bonding strength between substrate and coating, composition gradient coatings are designed and fabricated by using wideband laser cladding technique on a Ti alloy. And mechanical properties on coating is studied. The experimental results indicate that the bonding strength between coating and substrate is fairly high, above 38.8MPa. The highest microhardness is obtained for coating containing 0.6wt.% Y2O3 1062HV0.1 and 1405HV0.1, respectively at bioceramic coating and alloyed transition layer. The average tensile strength, bendi

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Yoo, Sungju, Eunpyo Hong, Youngkue Choi та Heesoo Lee. "Internal Stress of Titanium-Based Nitride with Penetration Depth and Surface Roughness by sin2ψ Method Using HR-XRD". Nanomaterials 15, № 11 (2025): 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15110813.

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The test method for internal stress of titanium-based nitride was optimized via penetration depth and surface roughness. Through the test method, the variations in the mechanical properties due to the ratio of the carbon gradient layer were investigated in terms of internal stress. TiN coatings were deposited on SUS 304 using RF/DC magnetron sputtering, and the penetration depth was adjusted by varying the X-ray power of HR-XRD for test specimens with the same coating thickness of 1 μm. The gradient of diagram for internal stress remained constant regardless of the penetration depth, and this

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Kunioshi, Clarice Terui, Olandir Vercino Correa, and Lalgudi Venkataraman Ramanathan. "Gradient Nickel – Alumina Composite Coatings." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.261.

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Particle reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings have been developed due to property combinations such as increased hardness, high creep/fatigue resistance as well as superior wear and oxidation resistance. MMC coatings can be produced by various techniques, which include powder metallurgy (plasma spray and HVOF processes), liquid metal processes and electrodeposition. This paper presents the development of the electrodeposition process to obtain nickel-alumina composites. The process conditions were optimized and based on these gradient nickel-alumina composites were prepared. Micros

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Liu, Fei, Hejun Li, Qiangang Fu, Xinhai He, and Wei Zhang. "ZrSi2-SiC/SiC Gradient Coating of Micro-Structure and Anti-Oxidation Property on C/C Composites Prepared by SAPS." Coatings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101377.

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A ZrSi2-SiC/SiC gradient coating system was designed to reduce the thermal stress of anti-oxidation coatings for C/C composites and prolong their anti-oxidation time at a high temperature. The SiC transition layer was prepared by pack cementation and the gradient ZrSi2-SiC outer coatings with different ZrSi2 contents added were deposited by supersonic air plasma spraying (SAPS). The micro-morphologies and phase compositions of the coatings were studied by SEM, EDS, XRD, and TG/DSC, and their anti-oxidation performances were tested by a static oxidation experiment. The findings suggested that t

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Wang, Jiang Ting, Peter D. Hodgson, Jing De Zhang, and Chun Hui Yang. "Residual Thermal Stresses in a Fe₃Al/Al₂O₃ Gradient Coating System." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.71.

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To combine the merits of both metals and ceramics into one material, many researchers have been studying the deposition of alumina coating using plasma spray on metal substrates. However, as the coatings are deposited at a high temperature, residual thermal stresses develop due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of the coating and substrate and these are responsible for the initiation and expansion of cracks, which induce the possible failure of the entire material. In this paper, the residual thermal-structural analysis of a Fe3Al/Al2O3 gradient coating on carbon steel substrat

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Ning, Cheng Yun, Ying Jun Wang, W. W. Lu, Xiao Feng Chen, Gang Wu, and Na Ru Zhao. "Microstructure and Mechanical Performances of Plasma-Sprayed Functionally Gradient HA-ZrO₂-Bioglass Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1893.

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For practical applications such as artifical joints and dental implants, there is a strong demand for hydroxyapatite coatings with excellent performances to ensure long-term fixation. In the present study, functionally gradient HA-ZrO2-Bioglass coatings were prepared using net-energy controlled plasma spraying technology. The structural characteristics andmechanical performances of the coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentation. The results showed that: (1) Pore sizes and compositions of the coatings changed gradually along the ver

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Chu, Xi, Shu-sen Hu, and Zhen Dai. "High temperature chlorine corrosion resistance of gradient high entropy alloy coatings prepared by high-velocity-oxygen-fuel spraying." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2713, no. 1 (2024): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2713/1/012024.

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Abstract The effect of different gradient structures on the high temperature chlorine corrosion resistance of gradient high entropy alloy coating was studied to improve the service life of the heating surface of a waste-incinerated boiler. NiCrAl ceramic composite coating (NC), high entropy ceramic composite coating (HC), and gradient high entropy alloy coating (TC) were prepared on 12Cr1MoV substrate by high-velocity-oxygen-fuel spraying. The effects of morphology and microstructure of different coatings on thermal shock resistance and high temperature chlorine corrosion resistance were studi

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Buitkenov, Dastan, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Aiym Nabioldina, Yerkat Mukazhanov, Meruert Adilkanova, and Nurmakhanbet Raisov. "Investigation of Structural Phase, Mechanical, and Tribological Characteristics of Layer Gradient Heat-Protective Coatings Obtained by the Detonation Spraying Method." Materials 17, no. 21 (2024): 5253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17215253.

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This paper presents the results of a study of layer gradient thermal protection coatings based on NiCrAlY and YSZ obtained by detonation spraying. Modern gas turbines and high-temperature units operate under extreme temperatures and aggressive environments, which requires effective protection of components from wear, corrosion, and thermal shocks. In this study, the use of layer gradient coatings consisting of alternating layers of NiCrAlY and YSZ was investigated with the aim of solving the problem of thermal stress accumulation due to a smooth change in the composition of the layers. Microst

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Bobkova, T. I., A. F. Vasiliev, I. S. Prudnikov, and B. V. Farmakovsky. "Functional gradient coatings obtained by supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(97) (August 10, 2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-97-1-74-78.

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The paper studies the development of a technology for obtaining a wear-resistant functional gradient coating during supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying. The process goes due to the variation of the composition of the gas phase in a heterophase flow. The coating has a high microhardness (up to 12 GPa) on the peripheral layers and wear resistance is 3 times higher than that of coatings obtained by traditional technology.

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Tian, Tian, Bo Dang, Feng Ding, et al. "Study on the ZrN/Ag2O Micro–Nano Gradient Composite Structure Constructed on Pure Ti for Biomaterials." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060677.

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Titanium and titanium alloys have been extensively utilized in biomedical implants due to their excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, a ZrN/Ag2O micro–nano gradient composite structure was prepared on the surface of pure Ti by multi-arc ion plating (MAIP) technique and metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion implantation technology. This study indicated that a dramatic improvement in performance in the surface hardness (~1800 HV0.1) was attributed to the presence of the ceramic phase (ZrN) with high hardness included in composite structure. The relativel

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Huo, Yan Li, Yu Feng Chen, Jie Tang, Hai Lin Liu, and Chun Peng Wang. "Fabrication of Multiple Oxidation-Resistant Coating on C/SiC Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.406.

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Oxidation-resistant coatings with gradient structures on C/SiC composites were fabricated. The gradient oxidation-resistant coatings were composed of three layers. The inner layer was reaction-bonded SiC which was fabricated by silicon infiltration. The middle layer was dense CVD SiC with the gradient component which was produced by the pyrolysis of methyltrichlorosilan (MTS) in excess hydrogen. The outer layer was a sealed layer with B4C and MoSi2 powders which was fabricated by slurry process. Optical microscope and SEM were used to observe the cross-section morphology and microstructure of

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Zhang, Yu, Zhanqi Cheng, and Hu Feng. "Dynamic Fracture Analysis of Functional Gradient Material Coating Based on the Peridynamic Method." Coatings 9, no. 1 (2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010062.

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Functional gradient materials (FGMs) have tremendous potential due to their characteristic advantage of asymptotic continuous variation of their properties. When an FGM is used as a coating material, damage and failure of the interface with the substrate component can be effectively inhibited. In order to study the dynamic crack propagation in FGM coatings, a new method, peridynamics (PD), was used in the present study to simulate dynamic fractures of FGM coatings bonded to a homogeneous substrate under dynamic loading. The bond-based PD theory was employed to study crack propagation and branc

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Baronins, Janis, Vitali Podgursky, Maksim Antonov, Sergei Bereznev, and Irina Hussainova. "Electrochemical Behaviour of TiCN and TiAlN Gradient Coatings Prepared by Lateral Rotating Cathode Arc PVD Technology." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.414.

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TiCN and TiAlN gradient coatings were deposited on the AISI 316L stainless steel substrates by lateral rotating cathode arc (LARC) physical vapour deposition (PVD) technology. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour was studied in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. The thickness of coatings was about 3 μm. For both coatings the corrosion potential shifted to more positive values as compared to the uncoated substrate. The corrosion current density decreased for TiCN and TiAlN coatings indicating up to 40 folds higher polarization resistance. The coefficient of friction value of TiCN coating is three times

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Żukowska, L. W., A. Śliwa, J. Mikuła, et al. "Finite Element Prediction for the Internal Stresses of (Ti,Al)N Coatings." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (2016): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0027.

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The general topic of this paper is the computer simulation with use of finite element method (FEM) for determining the internal stresses of selected gradient and single-layer PVD coatings deposited on the sintered tool materials, including cemented carbides, cermets and Al2O3+TiC type oxide tool ceramics by cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Developing an appropriate model allows the prediction of properties of PVD coatings, which are also the criterion of their selection for specific items, based on the parameters of technological processes. In addition, developed model can to a large e

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Meng, Xiang Cai, Xing Yi Li, and Tao Wang. "Effect of Electrodeposited Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Biomedical Titanium by Cathode Revolving." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1525.

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The paper deals with a kind of new method of the electro-deposition on titanium by a cathode revolves. The depositing characteristic and mechanic were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results show that the more fine uniformity and compact calcium phosphate bioactive coatings could be produced, compared with the conventional methods. The gradient Coating, which is fine inside and porous outside, could be obtained by controlling revolving velocity. The coating would transform to the hydroxyapatite after heat-treatment. After soaking in a simulated b

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