Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gradient latitudinal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gradient latitudinal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gradient latitudinal"

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Pero, Edgardo J. I., Paola A. Rueda Martín, and María C. Reynaga. "Species and genus richness and assemblage composition of stream caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) vary with latitude in mountain rainforest of Argentina." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 5 (2019): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18209.

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Evidence found in results of studies of latitudinal gradients of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity is variable. This study analysed how species and genus richness and the composition of caddisfly assemblages (Insecta: Trichoptera) vary in Argentinean mountain forest through a latitudinal gradient from 22 to 28°S. Qualitative and quantitative data from 20 stream sites were compared. Assemblage richness and composition were analysed by comparing linear regressions, rank–abundance (RA) curves and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). Taxonomic richness increased from high to low latitude. RA curves showed changes in assemblage composition and structure across the latitudinal gradient. The nMDS revealed that the composition of the assemblages also changed along the latitudinal gradient. The patterns are similar to those observed in plants and vertebrates from the study region. The results are of particular note because a latitudinal gradient of aquatic insect diversity has rarely been observed in a narrow range.
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Prata, Eduardo Magalhães Borges, Aloysio De Pádua Teixeira, Carlos Alfredo Joly, and Marco Antonio Assis. "The role of climate on floristic composition in a latitudinal gradient in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1407.

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Background and aims – Latitudinal gradients have an important influence on species distribution reflecting the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil, and geographical distance. In the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, the role of climatic variables in the floristic composition is better known for altitudinal gradients of the Serra do Mar Mountains rather than for the latitudinal gradient. Here, we investigated the effects of mean annual temperature and rainfall on tree species distribution and composition in a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic forest.Methods – We calculated each species frequency of occurrence and the latitudinal range. We used multivariate analyses (direct ordination, Hierarchical Clustering followed by Indicator Species analysis and NMDS) to investigate variation in floristic composition, and regression analyses to evaluate mean annual temperatures and rainfall effects on tree species composition along the latitudinal gradient (21°S to 28°S).Key results – A total of 789 species were registered, of which a majority (646 species) were present in less than 20% of the sampled areas, and only four species (0.5%) were present in more than 80% of the sampled areas. Only ten species (1.3%) reached the maximum latitudinal range (~6°). We found a strong correlation between variation in floristic composition and the spatial position in the latitudinal gradient. The cluster analyses detected two main floristic groups, one composed by the forests from Rio de Janeiro (21°S to 23°S) and the second by the forests from São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina States (23°S to 28°S). The multiple regression analysis revealed a strong effect of the climatic variables on the variation of the floristic composition along the latitudinal gradient (r2 = 0.81, P < 0.001), where 62.82% of the variation were explained by mean annual temperature, 8.27% by annual rainfall and 10.45% by both variables together.Conclusions – The restricted distribution of most species may be explained by variations in mean annual temperature and annual rainfall along the latitudinal gradient. For instance, the decreasing mean annual temperature along the coast and the occurrence of frosts at higher latitudes may limit the southward distribution of some species while the lower annual rainfall (with marked seasonality) in the north of the gradient may limit the northward distribution of other species. Although mean annual temperature explained most of the variation in species composition along the latitudinal gradient, the abrupt variation in annual rainfall may explain the high floristic dissimilarity detected in the north of the gradient.
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Freeman, Benjamin G., and Matthew W. Pennell. "The latitudinal taxonomy gradient." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 36, no. 9 (September 2021): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.05.003.

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Lyu, Lixin, Susanne Suvanto, Pekka Nöjd, Helena M. Henttonen, Harri Mäkinen, and Qi-Bin Zhang. "Tree growth and its climate signal along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients: comparison of tree rings between Finland and the Tibetan Plateau." Biogeosciences 14, no. 12 (June 23, 2017): 3083–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3083-2017.

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Abstract. Latitudinal and altitudinal gradients can be utilized to forecast the impact of climate change on forests. To improve the understanding of how these gradients impact forest dynamics, we tested two hypotheses: (1) the change of the tree growth–climate relationship is similar along both latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, and (2) the time periods during which climate affects growth the most occur later towards higher latitudes and altitudes. To address this, we utilized tree-ring data from a latitudinal gradient in Finland and from two altitudinal gradients on the Tibetan Plateau. We analysed the latitudinal and altitudinal growth patterns in tree rings and investigated the growth–climate relationship of trees by correlating ring-width index chronologies with climate variables, calculating with flexible time windows, and using daily-resolution climate data. High latitude and altitude plots showed higher correlations between tree-ring chronologies and growing season temperature. However, the effects of winter temperature showed contrasting patterns for the gradients. The timing of the highest correlation with temperatures during the growing season at southern sites was approximately 1 month ahead of that at northern sites in the latitudinal gradient. In one out of two altitudinal gradients, the timing for the strongest negative correlation with temperature at low-altitude sites was ahead of treeline sites during the growing season, possibly due to differences in moisture limitation. Mean values and the standard deviation of tree-ring width increased with increasing mean July temperatures on both types of gradients. Our results showed similarities of tree growth responses to increasing seasonal temperature between latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. However, differences in climate–growth relationships were also found between gradients due to differences in other factors such as moisture conditions. Changes in the timing of the most critical climate variables demonstrated the necessity for the use of daily-resolution climate data in environmental gradient studies.
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Van de Vliert, Evert, and Paul A. M. Van Lange. "Latitudinal Psychology: An Ecological Perspective on Creativity, Aggression, Happiness, and Beyond." Perspectives on Psychological Science 14, no. 5 (August 21, 2019): 860–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619858067.

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Are there systematic trends around the world in levels of creativity, aggressiveness, life satisfaction, individualism, trust, and suicidality? This article suggests a new field, latitudinal psychology, that delineates differences in such culturally shared features along northern and southern rather than eastern and western locations. In addition to geographical, ecological, and other explanations, we offer three metric foundations of latitudinal variations: replicability (latitudinal gradient repeatability across hemispheres), reversibility (north-south gradient reversal near the equator), and gradient strength (degree of replicability and reversibility). We show that aggressiveness decreases whereas creativity, life satisfaction, and individualism increase as one moves closer to either the North or South Pole. We also discuss the replicability, reversibility, and gradient strength of (a) temperatures and rainfall as remote predictors and (b) pathogen prevalence, national wealth, population density, and income inequality as more proximate predictors of latitudinal gradients in human functioning. Preliminary analyses suggest that cultural and psychological diversity often need to be partially understood in terms of latitudinal variations in integrated exposure to climate-induced demands and wealth-based resources. We conclude with broader implications, emphasizing the importance of north-south replications in samples that are not from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies.
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Helle, Samuli, and Toni Laaksonen. "Latitudinal Gradient in 2D:4D." Archives of Sexual Behavior 38, no. 1 (October 17, 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9419-9.

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Gaston, Kevin J. "Latitudinal gradient in species richness." Current Biology 17, no. 15 (August 2007): R574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.013.

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Fraser, Danielle. "Can latitudinal richness gradients be measured in the terrestrial fossil record?" Paleobiology 43, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.2.

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AbstractStudying the deep-time origins of macroecological phenomena can help us to understand their long-term drivers. Given the considerable spatiotemporal bias of the terrestrial fossil record, it behooves us to understand how much biological information is lost. The aim of this study is to establish whether latitudinal diversity gradients are detectable in a biased terrestrial fossil record. I develop a simulated fossilization approach, weighting the probability of terrestrial mammal species appearing in the fossil record based on body size and geographic-range size; larger species with larger range sizes are more likely to enter the fossil record. I create simulated fossil localities from the modern North American mammal record. I vary the percentage of species successfully fossilized and estimate the magnitude of the latitudinal diversity gradient (slope of the richness gradient and degree of species turnover). I find that estimates of the latitudinal diversity gradient are sensitive to the loss of species with small body size and geographic-range sizes. In some cases, simulated fossil-record bias completely obliterates evidence of declining richness with latitude, a phenomenon that is not ameliorated by the application of nonparametric richness estimation. However, if the rate of preservation is medium (50% of species) to high (75% of species), the magnitude of the latitudinal diversity gradient can be reliably estimated. Similarly, changes in the diversity gradient estimates are largely explained by differences in the diversity–climate relationship among iterations, suggesting that these relationships may be measurable in the fossil record.
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Simpson, Steve, Wendy Wang, Peter Otahal, Leigh Blizzard, Ingrid A. F. van der Mei, and Bruce V. Taylor. "Latitude continues to be significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 11 (June 19, 2019): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-320189.

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ObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence. Herein, we present a meta-analysis of the latitudinal gradient of MS prevalence including studies published since our 2011 review, seeking to assess the latitudinal gradient and whether it has changed since our previous analysis.MethodsStudies published up to December 2018 were located via Embase, Web of Knowledge and PubMed, using standardised search terms; data were extracted from peer-reviewed studies and these studies added to those from our previous analysis. Where age-specific data were available, prevalence estimates were age-/sex-standardised to the 2009 European population. Prevalence estimates were adjusted for study prevalence year and ascertainment methods. The latitudinal association with MS prevalence was assessed by meta-regression.ResultsA total of 94 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 230 new prevalence points and 880 altogether with those from the prior study. There was a significant positive gradient in time-corrected MS prevalence with increasing latitude (5.27/100 000 per degree latitude), attenuating slightly to 4.34/100 000 on age-standardisation, these associations persisting on adjustment for ascertainment method. Of note, the age-standardised gradient was consistently significantly enhanced from our previous study, regardless of whether it was as-measured, time-corrected or adjusted for ascertainment methods. Certain areas, such as the Scandinavian and Atlantic Coast/Central Europe regions, showed changes in MS prevalence gradient over time, but other regional gradients were similar.ConclusionsThis new meta-analysis confirms that MS prevalence is still strongly positively associated with increasing latitude and that the gradient is increasing, suggesting that potentially modifiable environmental factors, such as sun exposure, are still strongly associated with MS risk.
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Lim, Jun Ying, Paul V. A. Fine, and Gary G. Mittelbach. "Assessing the latitudinal gradient in herbivory." Global Ecology and Biogeography 24, no. 10 (June 25, 2015): 1106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12336.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gradient latitudinal"

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Campos, Bruna Helena de. "Atributos de proteção às gemas laterais em espécies lenhosas distribuídas no gradiente latitudinal do Cerrado." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153795.

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Orientador: Elza Guimarães
Resumo: A variação em atributos de proteção, principalmente os foliares, pode ter importante papel no desempenho das espécies ao longo de um gradiente de condições ambientais ou em hábitats heterogêneos. O domínio Cerrado está inserido em um gradiente climático e suas formações savânicas estão submetidas a queimadas recorrentes. Neste trabalho nós caracterizamos atributos de proteção às gemas em três espécies lenhosas, coocorrentes em fitofisionomias savânicas ao longo do gradiente latitudinal N-S do Cerrado e investigamos a ocorrência de fogo em uma escala espácio-temporal. Caracterizamos a posição das gemas nas plantas, morfologia e anatomia e indicadores de flamabilidade das mesmas. De modo geral, as plantas de diferentes localidades apresentaram diferenças quanto a altura das gemas na planta em relação ao nível do solo, sendo que plantas mais altas foram observadas nas latitudes menores e as mais baixas nas latitudes maiores, provavelmente devido a maior produtividade associada à proximidade da linha do Equador. Primórdios com maior área ocupada por idioblastos fenólicos foram observados nas duas localidades mais próximas à linha do Equador, possivelmente devido a alta intensidade de radiação. Além disso, registramos distintos regimes de queimada nas cinco localidades nos últimos 15 anos. Considerando a ampla distribuição geográfica das três espécies deste estudo, podemos concluir que suas gemas axilares toleram certa variação nos fatores climáticos como a amplitude de temperatur... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The variation in protection traits, especially the foliar ones, can play an important role in species performance along a gradient of environmental conditions or in heterogeneous habitats. The Cerrado domain is inserted in a climatic gradient and its savannah formations are under recurrent burning. In this study, we characterized bud protection traits of three woody species that co-ocurr in savannah phytophysiognomys along the Cerrado latitudinal gradient and we investigated fire occurrence in a spatio-temporal scale. We characterized bud position in each plant species, its morphology, anatomy and flammability indicators. In general, plants of different locations showed differences in bud height in relation to soil level. Taller plants were observed at lower latitudes and the smallest ones at higher latitudes, probably due to the higher productivity associated to the proximity to Equator line. Primordia with a larger area occupied by phenolic idioblasts were observed in the two locations nearest to the Equator line, possibly due to high radiation intensity. Besides that, we registered different fire regimes at the five locations in the last 15 years. Considering the wide distribution of the three species of this study, we can conclude that their axillary buds tolerate some variation in climatic factors like temperature, solar radiation and pluviosity amplitude. Besides that, this species are capable of persisting in environments under different fire frequency. Additionally, b... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Nilsson-Örtman, Viktor. "Thermal adaptation along a latitudinal gradient in damselflies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-62276.

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Understanding how temperature affects biological systems is a central question in ecology and evolutionary biology. Anthropogenic climate change adds urgency to this topic, as the demise or success of species under climate change is expected to depend on how temperature affects important aspects of organismal performance, such as growth, development, survival and reproduction. Rates of biological processes generally increase with increasing temperature up to some maximal temperature. Variation in the slope of the initial, rising phase has attracted considerable interest and forms the focus of this thesis. I explore variation in growth rate-temperature relationships over several levels of biological organization, both between and within species, over individuals’ lifetime, depending on the ecological context and in relation to important life history characteristics such as generation length and winter dormancy.       Specifically, I examine how a clade of temperate damselflies have adapted to their thermal environment along a 3,600 km long latitudinal transect spanning from Southern Spain to Northern Sweden. For each of six species, I sampled populations from close to the northern and southern range margin, as well from the center of the latitudinal range. I reared larvae in the laboratory at several temperatures in order to measure indiviudal growth rates. Very few studies of thermal adaptation have employed such an extensive sampling approach, and my finding reveal variation in temperature responses at several levels of organization.       My main finding was that temperature responses became steeper with increasing latitude, both between species but also between latitudinal populations of the same species. Additional genetic studies revealed that this trend was maintained despite strong gene flow. I highlight the need to use more refined characterizations of latitudinal temperature clines in order to explain these findings. I also show that species differ in their ability to acclimate to novel conditions during ontogeny, and propose that this may reflect a cost-benefit trade-off driven by whether seasonal transitions occur rapidly or gradually during ontogeny.       I also carried out a microcosm experiment, where two of the six species were reared either separately or together, to determine the interacting effects of temperature and competition on larval growth rates and population size structure. The results revealed that the effects of competition can be strong enough to completely overcome the rate-depressing effects of low temperatures. I also found that competition had stronger effects on the amount of variation in growth rates than on the average value.       In summary, my thesis offers several novel insights into how temperature affects biological systems, from individuals to populations and across species’ ranges. I also show how it is possible to refine our hypotheses about thermal adaptation by considering the interacting effects of ecology, life history and environmental variation.
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Heilmayer, Olaf. "Environment, adaptation and evolution: scallop ecology across the latitudinal gradient = Umwelt, Anpassung und Evolution: Ökologie der Jakobsmuscheln im latitudinalen Gradienten /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/385417098.pdf.

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Olsson, Katarina. "Population differentiation in Lythrum salicaria along a latitudinal gradient." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-364.

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Cardillo, Marcel. "The evolution of the latitudinal gradient in species richness /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16383.pdf.

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Acharya, Kamal Prasad. "Invasive Species: Genetics, Characteristics and Trait Variation Along a Latitudinal Gradient." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27068.

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Globalization during the second half of the 20th century has accelerated the introduction and the spread of non-native species. Introduced species is considered the second largest threat to biodiversity after habitat destruction. It is therefore necessary to understand what makes introduced species successful in novel environments. Furthermore, introduced species provide unique opportunities to study the evolutionary processes that are involved in invasion success. We studied genetics, and evolution of higher phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation after introduction of one of the highly invasive species in Europe, Impatiens glandulifera, and compared trait variation in native and invasive Impatiens species along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. We found evidence of multiple introductions of the invasive I. glandulifera in Europe. Despite multiple introductions, there was a strong loss of genetic diversity in the invasive populations compared to native populations from Kashmir, India. Furthermore, loss of genetic diversity in the invasive populations does not constrain evolution of adaptive genetic differentiation. In another study, we did not find evidence that the species developed increased plasticity after introduction. A comparative study between a native, Impatiens noli-tangere, and an invasive species, Impatiens parviflora, showed that latitude has stronger effect on the performance of the invasive species in terms of plant height than on the native species. Surprisingly, the invasive species performed better under low nitrogen compared to high nitrogen conditions along the latitudinal gradient indicating that the invasive species is not constrained by low nitrogen conditions. All together these findings suggest that invasive species loose genetic variation, and do not adapt into more aggressive invasives, but they do evolve rapid adaptations to broad-scale environmental conditions in their introduced range
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Quadros, Alex Leite. "Diversidade dos Belytinae (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae) ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-06102015-140638/.

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Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram conhecer a distribuição da riqueza dos Hymenoptera parasitoides Diapriidae Belytinae ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal da Mata Atlântica e explicar as causas do padrão de riqueza encontrado por comparação com os padrões descritos para outros grupos. Os Belytinae exercem papel chave na regulação natural de populações de muitas espécies de Mycetophilidae e Sciaridae (Diptera) e o conhecimento sobre a diversidade desta subfamília no bioma Mata Atlântica é relativamente pequeno. O material utilizado neste estudo provém de coletas realizadas em 18 localidades regularmente espaçadas, da Paraíba à Santa Catarina, entre os anos de 2000 e 2002, no âmbito do projeto Riqueza e diversidade de Hymenoptera e Isoptera ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal na Mata Atlântica - a floresta pluvial do leste do Brasil (Biota/SP Fapesp). Através de um número padronizado de armadilhas Malaise e de Moericke, e varredura da vegetação foram obtidos 1241 exemplares separados em 115 morfoespécies e oito gêneros. Destes, Scorpioteleia é registrado pela primeira vez na região neotropical e sete (Aclista, Belyta, Cinetus, Odontopsilus, Scorpioteleia, Lyteba e Camptopsilus) são registrados pela primeira vez no Brasil. Foram feitos mapeamentos e diagnoses para todas as morfoespécies e gêneros; as morfoespécies foram todas ilustradas com pelo menos duas fotos. A maior parte das morfoespécies (86) está presente em apenas uma ou duas localidades. Nota-se uma tendência das localidades nas maiores latitudes de apresentarem riquezas de morfoespécies e gêneros significativamente maiores que as das localidades em latitudes menores, mesmo que estas apresentem quantidades de indivíduos significativamente maiores que as daquelas. Os resultados da análise da distribuição dos Belytinae indicam uma quantidade de morfoespécies exclusivas do sul do bioma (6 ou 8) ligeiramente maior que as exclusivas do norte (2), apesar das diferenças serem pouco significativas. A análise de similaridade indicou que a proximidade geográfica parece ser importante condicionante para o padrão de distribuição da fauna na maioria das localidades; os três agrupamentos principais formados nos dendogramas de índices de Sørensen e Jaccard sugerem a presença de dois sub-biomas (Sul + Sudeste e Nordeste). Indícios obtidos a partir das análises e dos dados do presente estudo combinados com informações da literatura ou de pesquisadores sobre a biologia, ecologia e distribuição da riqueza dos Belytinae, seus hospedeiros e fungos do solo, tornam plausível a ideia de que os Belytinae tenham a riqueza de espécies aumentada com o aumento da latitude, contrariamente ao padrão mais comum para a maioria dos grupos animais.
The main objectives of this work were to describe the distribution of Hymenoptera parasitoids Diapriidae Belytinae richness along a latitudinal gradient of Atlantic Forest and to explain the reasons for the pattern of richness found, by comparison with patterns described for other groups. The Belytinae play a key role in the natural regulation of populations of many species of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera) and the knowledge about the diversity of this subfamily in the Atlantic Forest biome is relatively poor. The material used in this study comes from collections in 18 regularly spaced locations, from Paraiba to Santa Catarina, between the years of 2000 and 2002, under the project \"Richness and Diversity of Hymenoptera and Isoptera along a latitudinal gradient in the Atlantic forest - the Eastern Brazilian Rain Forest\" (Biota/SP - FAPESP). Using a standardized number of Malaise and Moericke traps, and sweeping the vegetation a total of 1241 specimens separated in 115 morphospecies and eight genera were obtained. Of these, Scorpioteleia is recorded for the first time in the neotropical region and seven genera (Aclista, Belyta, Cinetus, Odontopsilus, Scorpioteleia, Lyteba and Camptopsilus) are recorded for the first time in Brazil. Mappings and diagnoses were made for all morphospecies and genera; all morphospecies were illustrated with at least two pictures. There is a tendency of localities in the highest latitudes to present similar or significantly greater richness of morphospecies and genera than those of localities in lowest latitudes, even if these present quantities of individuals significantly higher than the latter. The results of the analysis of the distribution of Belytinae indicate a quantity of exclusive morphospecies of the southern biome (6 or 8) slightly higher than the exclusive northern (2), although these differences are not highly significant. Most morphospecies (86) are present in only one or two locations. The similarity analysis indicated that the geographical proximity appears to be important to define the pattern of distribution of fauna in most localities; the three main groups formed in dendograms with indices of Sorensen and Jaccard suggest the presence of two sub-biomes (South + East and Northeast). Evidences obtained with the data and analyzes of the present study combined with information deducted from or obtained through literature or researchers about the biology, ecology and distribution of the richness of Belytinae, their hosts and soil fungi, make plausible the idea that the Belytinae have the species richness increased with the increase of latitude, unlike the most common pattern displayed by most animal groups.
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Weber, Marcelo de Moraes. "BIOGEOGRAFIA DE MORCEGOS (CHIROPTERA) EM ÁREA DE TRANSIÇÃO FLORESTA-CAMPO NO SUDESTE DA AMÉRICA DO SUL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5287.

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The variation on the richness species in regional scales has been debated a lot. Three of the hypotheses mot frequently discussed as determinants of regional variability in richness species are energy, contemporary climatic conditions and habitat heterogeneity. Studies at mesoscale are very important to discover different patterns that underlying the variability in richness species. As the bats are so common in whole world and ecologically diverse, these organisms are excellent environmental characterized. On this basis, the goals of this study were to link the bat species composition with the vegetation in forest-grassland transition area in the Southeastern of South America and to assess the space influence on the bat species richness by environmental variables. The study area includes the southeastern of South America. Species distribution data were obtained by museums, review and database on line .The distribution s estimate for each species was done on a map with 139 cells 1º latitude by 1º longitude. It was collected distribution data to 79 bat species. Rain Forest and Seasonal Forest had the largest species richness. The cluster analysis based on the cells revealed three major clusters: the Forest cluster (at north), the Araucaria cluster (at middle), and the Grassland cluster (at south). The Araucaria cluster was associated to the Grassland cluster. The cluster analysis based in the phytogeographic zones revealed four clusters, where the Araucaria Forest was associated with the forested regions. The contemporary climatic conditions hypothesis was the best explained the variability on the richness data, where the mean annual temperature the main predictor variable, followed by extent of relief and AET, respectively. With the whole variables, the OLS regression also indicated the mean annual temperature as the main predictor variable, followed by AET. These same variables also explained the variability in the species richness in Phyllostomidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. The Araucaria Forest is a filter area to the dispersal of tropical species into subtropical and temperate areas of South America, because the hard winters in that area, what may be explained likely for the intolerance of some species in colder climates.
A variação da riqueza de espécies em escala regional tem sido intensivamente discutida. Três das principais hipóteses que buscam explicar esse padrão de variação são as hipóteses energética, climática e de heterogeneidade do habitat. Estudos em meso-escala são importantes para descobrir padrões diferentes que influenciam a variação na riqueza de espécies. Como os morcegos são muito abundantes globalmente e bem diversificados ecologicamente, esses organismos são ótimos caracterizadores ambientais. Com base nisso, os objetivos deste estudo foram relacionar a composição das espécies de morcegos com a vegetação em área de transição floresta-campo no sudeste da América do Sul e avaliar a influência do espaço sobre a riqueza de morcegos através de variáveis ambientais. A área de estudo compreende a porção sudeste da América do Sul. Os dados de distribuição das espécies foram coletados através de visita a museus, revisão bibliográfica e consulta a bancos de dados on line. Foi feita a estimativa de distribuição para cada espécie sobre um mapa contendo 139 quadrículas de 1º de latitude por 1º de longitude. Foram obtidos dados de distribuição para 79 espécies de morcegos. Áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa e de Floresta Estacional possuíram a maior riqueza de espécies. A análise de agrupamento com base nas quadrículas formou três grupos nítidos: grupo Florestal (ao norte), Araucária (intermediário) e Campestre (ao sul). O grupo Araucária ficou associado ao grupo Campestre. A análise de agrupamento com base nas regiões fitogeográficas formou quatro grupos nítidos, sendo que a Floresta de Araucária ficou associada às formações florestais. A hipótese climática foi a que melhor explicou a variação dos dados de riqueza, sendo a temperatura média anual a principal variável preditora, seguida pela amplitude da altitude e pela AET, respectivamente. Considerando todas as variáveis, a regressão OLS também apontou a temperatura média anual como a principal variável preditora, seguida pela AET. Essas variáveis também explicaram a variação na riqueza de espécies das famílias Phyllostomidae, Molossidae e Vespertilionidae. A Floresta de Araucária é uma área filtro para a dispersão de espécies tropicais para as regiões subtropicais e temperadas da América do Sul, devido aos invernos rigorosos presentes nessa área, o que pode ser explicado principalmente pela intolerância de algumas espécies a climas mais frios.
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Pittera, Justine. "Adaptation des cyanobactéries marines du genre Synechococcus au gradient latitudinal de température." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066505/document.

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Les picocyanobactéries marines sont les organismes photosynthétiques les plus abondants de la planète. Parmi celles-ci, les Synechococcus marins sont détectés de l’équateur aux cercles polaires, suggérant qu’ils ont évolué des stratégies adaptatives très efficaces à la température. La première partie de ce travail de thèse a visé à étudier la thermophysiologie de différentes lignées de la radiation des Synechococcus marins. Les résultats d’expériences de variations thermiques à court et long terme associées à une étude de phyloécologie ont démontré l’existence de clades physiologiquement spécialisées dans des niches thermiques distinctes, i.e des thermotypes. Ces travaux ont de plus mis en évidence l’importance de l’optimisation de l’efficacité de l’appareil photosynthétique dans l’acclimatation à la température. Ainsi, la thermostabilité du photosystème II, complexe clé de la régulation de l’énergie, a été comparée chez différentes souches de Synechococcus marins. Ces travaux ont révélé de grandes différences de thermostabilité de l’antenne photosynthétique et de ses constituants, qui sont corrélées à la latitude d’isolement des souches. L’étude de modèles d’homologie de structure de phycobiliprotéines a permis de révéler certaines des adaptations moléculaires de ce complexe à la température. La fonctionnalité des complexes photosynthétiques est directement dépendante de la fluidité des membranes au sein desquelles ils sont insérés, un facteur physique très influencé par la température. Le troisième volet de cette thèse a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de régulation des lipides membranaires chez les Synechococcus marins. Les résultats montrent que la composition en acides gras joue un rôle important durant l’acclimatation à différentes températures. De plus, par une approche de génomique comparative, ce travail de thèse montre que les Synechococcus marins présentent des équipements différents en enzymes désaturases, qui ont très probablement joué un rôle dans la colonisation de différentes niches thermiques. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse, discutés dans un contexte d’évolution de l’adaptation au gradient latitudinal de température chez les picocyanobactéries marines, soulèvent de nouvelles hypothèses exaltantes pour les travaux futurs
Marine picocyanobacteria are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms on Earth. Among them, Synechococcus displays a wide latitudinal distribution, ranging from the equator to polar circles, suggesting that they have evolved efficient adaptive strategies to cope with the latitudinal temperature gradient. The first part of this PhD work aimed at studying the thermophysiology of different lineages of the marine Synechococcus radiation. The combination of thermal acclimation and stress experiments with a phyloecology study allowed unveiling the existence of lineages physiologically specialized in distinct thermal niches, i.e. thermotypes. This work furthermore pointed out the importance of the capacities to optimize the photosynthetic apparatus efficiency for successful temperature acclimation. The thermostability of photosystem II, a key complex to the regulation of light energy utilisation, was compared within several marine Synechococcus strains. The results revealed that the photosynthetic antenna and its components have distinct thermostabilities, which are related to the strain isolation latitude. Structural homology models of phycobiliproteins thus revealed sites of molecular adaptation of the antenna to temperature. The function of the photosynthetic complexes is dependent on the fluidity of the membranes in which they are embedded, a physical factor regulated by temperature. The results a first lipidomic study suggested that the regulation of the composition in acyl chains plays an important role in temperature acclimation in marine Synechococcus. Furthermore, genomic comparative analyses revealed notably that marine Synechococcus have distinct sets of desaturase enzymes which have likely played a role in the colonization of different thermal niches. The results of this PhD thesis, which are discussed in the context of the Synechococcus adaptive evolution to the latitudinal gradient of temperature, raise new hypotheses for some future exciting work
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10

Pittera, Justine. "Adaptation des cyanobactéries marines du genre Synechococcus au gradient latitudinal de température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066505.

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Les picocyanobactéries marines sont les organismes photosynthétiques les plus abondants de la planète. Parmi celles-ci, les Synechococcus marins sont détectés de l’équateur aux cercles polaires, suggérant qu’ils ont évolué des stratégies adaptatives très efficaces à la température. La première partie de ce travail de thèse a visé à étudier la thermophysiologie de différentes lignées de la radiation des Synechococcus marins. Les résultats d’expériences de variations thermiques à court et long terme associées à une étude de phyloécologie ont démontré l’existence de clades physiologiquement spécialisées dans des niches thermiques distinctes, i.e des thermotypes. Ces travaux ont de plus mis en évidence l’importance de l’optimisation de l’efficacité de l’appareil photosynthétique dans l’acclimatation à la température. Ainsi, la thermostabilité du photosystème II, complexe clé de la régulation de l’énergie, a été comparée chez différentes souches de Synechococcus marins. Ces travaux ont révélé de grandes différences de thermostabilité de l’antenne photosynthétique et de ses constituants, qui sont corrélées à la latitude d’isolement des souches. L’étude de modèles d’homologie de structure de phycobiliprotéines a permis de révéler certaines des adaptations moléculaires de ce complexe à la température. La fonctionnalité des complexes photosynthétiques est directement dépendante de la fluidité des membranes au sein desquelles ils sont insérés, un facteur physique très influencé par la température. Le troisième volet de cette thèse a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de régulation des lipides membranaires chez les Synechococcus marins. Les résultats montrent que la composition en acides gras joue un rôle important durant l’acclimatation à différentes températures. De plus, par une approche de génomique comparative, ce travail de thèse montre que les Synechococcus marins présentent des équipements différents en enzymes désaturases, qui ont très probablement joué un rôle dans la colonisation de différentes niches thermiques. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse, discutés dans un contexte d’évolution de l’adaptation au gradient latitudinal de température chez les picocyanobactéries marines, soulèvent de nouvelles hypothèses exaltantes pour les travaux futurs
Marine picocyanobacteria are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms on Earth. Among them, Synechococcus displays a wide latitudinal distribution, ranging from the equator to polar circles, suggesting that they have evolved efficient adaptive strategies to cope with the latitudinal temperature gradient. The first part of this PhD work aimed at studying the thermophysiology of different lineages of the marine Synechococcus radiation. The combination of thermal acclimation and stress experiments with a phyloecology study allowed unveiling the existence of lineages physiologically specialized in distinct thermal niches, i.e. thermotypes. This work furthermore pointed out the importance of the capacities to optimize the photosynthetic apparatus efficiency for successful temperature acclimation. The thermostability of photosystem II, a key complex to the regulation of light energy utilisation, was compared within several marine Synechococcus strains. The results revealed that the photosynthetic antenna and its components have distinct thermostabilities, which are related to the strain isolation latitude. Structural homology models of phycobiliproteins thus revealed sites of molecular adaptation of the antenna to temperature. The function of the photosynthetic complexes is dependent on the fluidity of the membranes in which they are embedded, a physical factor regulated by temperature. The results a first lipidomic study suggested that the regulation of the composition in acyl chains plays an important role in temperature acclimation in marine Synechococcus. Furthermore, genomic comparative analyses revealed notably that marine Synechococcus have distinct sets of desaturase enzymes which have likely played a role in the colonization of different thermal niches. The results of this PhD thesis, which are discussed in the context of the Synechococcus adaptive evolution to the latitudinal gradient of temperature, raise new hypotheses for some future exciting work
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Books on the topic "Gradient latitudinal"

1

Heilmayer, Olaf. Environment, adaptation, and evolution: Scallop ecology across the latitudinal gradient = Umwelt, Anpassung und Evolution : Ökologie der Jakobsmuscheln im latitudinalen Gradienten. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2004.

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Coulas, Jess Alexander. Variation in leaf lifespan, relative growth rate, and underlying structural leaf traits in wetland plants originating along a latitudinal gradient of growing season length in Ontario. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2005.

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Center, Byrd Polar Research, National Science Foundation (U.S.) Workshop, and National Science Foundation (U.S.). Workshop., eds. Latitudinal ecosystem (LAT-ECO) responses to climate across Victoria Land, Antarctica: Report of a National Science Foundation Workshop : Victoria Land, Antarctica, Coastal Biome, Marine-Terrestrial Biocomplexity Across a High Latitudinal Environmental Gradient, Byrd Polar Research Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, 26-29 April 2001. Columbus, Ohio: Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, 2001.

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Bödinger, Christian Julian. Remote Sensing of Vegetation: Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Chile. Springer Spektrum, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gradient latitudinal"

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Iwasa, Y., K. Sato, and M. Kakita. "Modelling Biodiversity: Latitudinal Gradient of Forest Species Diversity." In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function, 433–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7_20.

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Takeda, Hiroshi. "Decomposition Processes of Litter Along a Latitudinal Gradient." In Environmental Forest Science, 197–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5324-9_20.

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Iwasa, Yoh, Takuya Kubo, and Kazunori Sato. "Maintenance of forest species diversity and latitudinal gradient." In Global change and terrestrial ecosystems in monsoon Asia, 127–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0343-5_12.

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Kohyama, Takashi, and Nanako Shigesada. "A size-distribution-based model of forest dynamics along a latitudinal environmental gradient." In Global change and terrestrial ecosystems in monsoon Asia, 117–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0343-5_11.

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Guillemin, Marie-Laure, Myriam Valero, Florence Tellier, Erasmo C. Macaya, Christophe Destombe, and Sylvain Faugeron. "Phylogeography of Seaweeds in the South East Pacific: Complex Evolutionary Processes Along a Latitudinal Gradient." In Seaweed Phylogeography, 251–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_10.

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Proulx, Raphaël, Lael Parrott, Lenore Fahrig, and David J. Currie. "Long Time-Scale Recurrences in Ecology: Detecting Relationships Between Climate Dynamics and Biodiversity Along a Latitudinal Gradient." In Understanding Complex Systems, 335–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07155-8_11.

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Muylaert, Koenraad, Carmen Pérez-Martínez, Pedro Sánchez-Castillo, Torben L. Lauridsen, Maarten Vanderstukken, Steven A. J. Declerck, Katleen Van der Gucht, et al. "Influence of nutrients, submerged macrophytes and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton biomass and diversity along a latitudinal gradient in Europe." In Fifty years after the ‘‘Homage to Santa Rosalia’’: Old and new paradigms on biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, 79–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9908-2_7.

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Adams, Jonathan. "The Holy Grail of ecology: Latitudinal gradients." In Species Richness, 47–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74278-4_2.

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Lira, André F. A., Alessandra R. S. Andrade, and Stênio I. A. Foerster. "Latitudinal Trends in Scorpion Assemblages of Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Do the Rapoport’s and Bergmann’s Rules Apply?" In Neotropical Gradients and Their Analysis, 179–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22848-3_7.

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Lobo, Jorge M., and José Gutiérrez. "Elevational and Latitudinal Species Richness Patterns of Dung Beetles in North and South America and the Role Played by Historical Factors." In Neotropical Gradients and Their Analysis, 361–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22848-3_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gradient latitudinal"

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Imsalem, Mohamed. "POLLEN ANALYSIS FROM ECOLOGICAL AND LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN MOROCCO." In 52nd Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018sc-310084.

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Saupe, Erin, Isabel S. Fenton, Adam Woodhouse, Tracy Aze, Moriaki Yasuhara, Alexander Farnsworth, and Paul J. Valdes. "THE LATITUDINAL BIODIVERSITY GRADIENT FOR PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA OVER THE CENOZOIC." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-367591.

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Bitume, Ellyn V. "Effects of hybridization on population genetic structure along a latitudinal gradient." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95031.

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Monarrez, Pedro M., and Silvia Danise. "TESTING FOR A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN ESCALATION, MIDDLE JURASSIC SUNDANCE SEAWAY, U.S.A." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321439.

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Lam, Adriane R., Andrew Jeffrey Fraass, James Albanese, and Jacob P. Uzel. "CHARACTERIZING THE LATE NEOGENE PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERAL LATITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENT ACROSS THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-352258.

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"Effects of Spatial Reference Systems on the accuracy of spatial predictive modelling along a latitudinal gradient." In 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.a2.turner.

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Owens, Hannah L. "Inferring ecological processes underlying the latitudinal diversity gradient in New World swallowtail butterflies (Papilio, Heraclides, andPterourus)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109466.

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Ceccopieri, M., R. Carreira, A. Scofield, L. Almeida, C. Hamacher, C. Farias, M. Soares, and A. Wagener. "CARBON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF LEAF WAX n-ALKANES OF MANGROVE PLANTS DISTRIBUTED ALONG A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT IN BRAZIL." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134252.

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Moss, David K., Linda C. Ivany, Roger D. K. Thomas, and Donna Surge. "LATITUDINAL LIFE-HISTORY GRADIENTS IN FOSSIL BIVALVES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321708.

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Abrams, M. C., M. R. Gunson, A. Y. Chang, C. P. Rinsland, R. Zander, and M. H. Newchurch. "Validation of Stratospheric Ozone Observed by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Experiment During 1992." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.wc5.

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Measurements of stratospheric ozone were made by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment from onboard the Space Shuttle during the period 8-16 April 1992. The precision and accuracy of the measurements are discussed in the context of establishing the accuracy and compatibility of the measurements relative to other space-based measurements of ozone. Coincident measurements were obtained from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II instrument onboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and three instruments, the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) onboard the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS). Three of the instruments, ATMOS, SAGE-II and MLS are demonstrated to be consistent to within ±10% over the altitude range between 100 hPa and 0.5 hPa (approximately 20 to 60 km), with ATMOS and MLS displaying a zero mean bias and a root mean square deviation (rms) of 3% and SAGE-II displaying an essentially systematic bias of -5% over the majority of the altitude range, except for below 30 hPa where SAGE-II displays a large positive systematic bias due to the effect of the aerosol attenuation resulting from the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991. The comparison with HALOE indicates that ozone levels observed by ATMOS are systematically higher than HALOE by 5 to 25% with a clear gradient in the differences; in contrast the comparison with CLAES displays differences of as much as ± 30% with no obvious systematic scaling possible. Comparisons are evaluated in two separate schemes, by geographical coincidence and through zonal averages which illustrate the limitations of both schemes. Latitudinal and longitudinal variation are used to assess the sensitivity of the ATMOS measurements and to confirm the precision and accuracy, which should be less than 4% and 10% respectively.
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