Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gradient test

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gradient test'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gradient test"

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Yu, Jincheng, Jerry Sellwood, Carlton Pryor, Li Chen, and Jinliang Hou. "A test for radial mixing using local star samples." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314011296.

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AbstractWe use samples of local main-sequence stars to show that the radial gradient of [Fe/H] in the thin disk of the Milky Way decreases with mean effective stellar temperature. We use the angular momentum of each star about the Galactic center to eliminate the effects of epicyclic motion, which would otherwise blur the estimated gradients. We use the effective temperatures as a proxy for mean age, and conclude that the decreasing gradient is consistent with the predictions of radial mixing due to transient spiral patterns. We find some evidence that the trend of decreasing gradient with increasing mean age breaks to a constant gradient for samples of stars whose main-sequence life-times exceed the likely age of the thin disk.
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David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, A. Hameiri, and RJ Fannin. "A Cyclic Gradient Ratio Test Device." Geotechnical Testing Journal 25, no. 3 (2002): 9921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11097j.

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Khan, M. W., A. R. Dawson, and A. M. Marshall. "A dynamic gradient ratio test apparatus." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 46, no. 6 (December 2018): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.07.003.

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Rivera, Nelson, and Brian Folt. "Community assembly of glass frogs (Centrolenidae) in a Neotropical wet forest: a test of the river zonation hypothesis." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 2 (March 2018): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000068.

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Abstract:The river zonation hypothesis predicts that abiotic and biotic conditions along riparian gradients drive variation in animal communities. Glass frogs are a diverse group of Neotropical anurans that use riparian habitats exclusively for oviposition and larval development, but little is known about how glass frog communities are distributed across riparian gradients. Here, we measured glass frog community assembly across a gradient of riparian habitats from first- to fifth-order streams at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We performed repeated nocturnal frog calling surveys and built occupancy andN-mixture abundance models to test for varying patterns of species occupancy, community assembly, species richness (α-diversity) and species turnover (ß-diversity). We observed significant differences in patterns of species occupancy and community assembly across a stream-order gradient: occupancy of two species increased with stream order (Teratohyla pulverata,Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni), one species decreased (Teratohyla spinosa), and one species did not vary (Espadarana prosoblepon). We evaluated four a priori hypotheses describing how α- and ß-diversity of centrolenids are shaped across the riparian gradient; our data were most consistent with a pattern of nested assemblages and increasing species richness along the riparian gradient. Species-specific patterns of occupancy and abundance resulted in assemblage-level differences consistent with theoretical predictions for highly aquatic organisms along riparian gradients.
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&NA;. "A TEST GRADIENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING DENSITY GRADIENT ISOLATION OF PANCREATIC ISLETS." Transplantation 48, no. 2 (August 1989): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-198908000-00036.

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Armas, Cristina, Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría, and Francisco I. Pugnaire. "A field test of the stress-gradient hypothesis along an aridity gradient." Journal of Vegetation Science 22, no. 5 (May 18, 2011): 818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01301.x.

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Lemonte, Artur J., and Silvia L. P. Ferrari. "The local power of the gradient test." Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 64, no. 2 (October 6, 2010): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10463-010-0315-4.

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Nardi, Marco. "The Gradient Filter Test to Assess Amblyopia." American Journal of Ophthalmology 111, no. 1 (January 1991): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76919-3.

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Keech, Ronald V., and Pamela J. Kutschke. "The Gradient Filter Test to Assess Amblyopia." American Journal of Ophthalmology 110, no. 1 (July 1990): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76938-7.

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Říha, Jaromír, and Jan Jandora. "Pressure conditions in the hole erosion test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 1 (January 2015): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0474.

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The hole erosion test (HET) is used in the study of soil erosion in the case of what is known as “piping” when concentrated leaks occur. The HET enables the determination of soil erosion characteristics such as the critical shear stress along the pre-formed hole (pipe) and the coefficient of soil erosion. Normally, in the HET, the hydraulic gradient is determined from the difference between the piezometric heads measured at the inflow and outflow chambers (upstream and downstream of the soil specimen). Hydraulic analysis shows that such measurements ignore losses at the entrance and exit of the hole, causing the overestimation of the hydraulic gradient along the length of the hole, and thus the calculated shear stress. In this technical note, the results of preliminary analysis using the Bernoulli principle and of numerical study of the pressure conditions in the HET apparatus are shown. The turbulent flow in the HET apparatus was calculated using ANSYS commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software. The analysis was performed for various hole entrance shapes. The conclusion of this note details the differences between traditionally determined hydraulic gradients and those numerically derived along the length of a hole.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gradient test"

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Marques-da-Silva, Antonio Hermes. "Gradient test under non-parametric random effects models." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12645/.

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The gradient test proposed by Terrell (2002) is an alternative to the likelihood ratio, Wald and Rao tests. The gradient statistic is the result of the inner product of two vectors — the gradient of the likelihood under null hypothesis (hence the name) and the result of the difference between the estimate under alternative hypothesis and the estimate under null hypothesis. Therefore the gradient statistic is computationally less expensive than Wald and Rao statistics as it does not require matrix operations in its formula. Under some regularity conditions, the gradient statistic has χ2 distribution under null hypothesis. The generalised linear model (GLM) introduced by Nelder & Wedderburn (1972) is one of the most important classes of statistical models. It incorporates the classical regression modelling and analysis of variance either for continuous response and categorical response variables under the exponential family. The random effects model extends the standard GLM for situations where the model does not describe appropriately the variability in the data (overdispersion) (Aitkin, 1996a). We propose a new unified notation for GLM with random effects and the gradient statistic formula for testing fixed effects parameters on these models. We also develop the Fisher information formulae used to obtain the Rao and Wald statistics. Our main interest in this thesis is to investigate the finite sample performance of the gradient test on generalised linear models with random effects. For this we propose and extensive simulation experiment to study the type I error and the local power of the gradient test using the methodology developed by Peers (1971) and Hayakawa (1975). We also compare the local power of the test with the local power of the tests of the likelihood ratio, of Wald and Rao tests.
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LeBlanc, Denis R. "Density and recharge effects during the Cape Cod natural-gradient tracer test." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84242.

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Eklund, Karin, and Malin Engström. "Comparison between two different cryoprotectants for human sperm, with emphasis on survival." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9287.

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The increasing number of patients undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) during the past years have led to the need of developing different methods for separation of spermatozoa that can be used for different fertilisation procedures and for freezing. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa includes preparation, freezing, storage and thawing.

In this study two different cryomedia (Cryo Protec I and Cryo Protec II) for human spermatozoa were compared. The main outcome was spermsurvival rate for spermatozoa after freezing. Sperm viability was assessed using the Hypo-osmotic swelling test which is based on osmolality.

A total of 86 samples of semen were used in this study (Cryo Protec I=38, Cryo Protec II=48). The survival rate between the two cryomedia did not differ much but Cryo Protectant I showed a small increase in survival for the spermatozoa after freezing. The Hypo-osmotic swelling test also showed similar values of viable spermatozoa for the two cryomedia both before and after freezing.

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Růžičková, Kateřina. "Mezidruhové interakce v mokřadním společenstvu v závislosti na vodním režimu: dlouhodobý test stress-gradient hypotézy." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258647.

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The Stress-gradient hypothesis predicates a change of interspecies relations from negative to positive according to the stress gradient. The basic assumption is that the presence of one species (the facilitator) makes the growth of other species easier. In this study was determined based on the 5years experiment, whether the interspecies interactions (i.e. the importance of facilitation and competition) changes according to the hydrological conditions. Three wetland species (Calamagrostis canescens, Carex elongata and Deschampsia cespitosa) were planted in experimental pots with the presence and absence of the dominant species (Carex elata). The hydrological gradient (= the stress gradient) was simulated by three types of hydrological conditions: dry, fluctuating and wet. The success of the species within the specific conditions was correlated with the fitness-related characteristics of the plants including the biomass, the number of ramets and the height of the plants. Following hypotheses were tested: i) at a low intensity of stress (with the wet treatment), the C. elata represents a competitor for other species. On the other hand, at a high intensity of stress (with the dry treatment), the C. elata represents a facilitator, making it easier to the other coexisting species to grow. This presumption was confirmed only with the D. cespitosa, which was more successful under dry treatment with the presence of a dominant species, which facilitated it. With the other two species the change of interspecific relations was not observed and the relationships remained negative. Furthermore the results showed, that in the dry treatment with the presence of a dominant species, there was a lower intensity of competition among the coexisting species. The experiment showed, that the interactions of particular species with dominant species can vary according to the stress gradient. The hydrological gradient also influences the character and intensity of interactions among the species.
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Bui, Hanh. "A COMPARISON OF TWO COMMERCIAL STRIPS WITH PREDEFINED ANTIBIOTIC CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF PERIODONTAL BACTERIAL PATHOGENS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216515.

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Oral Biology
M.S.
Objectives: Systemic antibiotics are generally recognized as providing a beneficial impact in treatment of both aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Since strains of periodontal pathogens among periodontitis patients may vary in their antibiotic drug resistance, the American Academy of Periodontology recommends antimicrobial susceptibility testing of suspected periodontal pathogens prior to administration of systemic periodontal antibiotic therapy, to reduce the risk of a treatment failure due to pathogen antibiotic resistance. E-test and MIC Test Strip assays are two in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems employing plastic- and paper-based, respectively, carriers loaded with predefined antibiotic gradients covering 15 two-fold dilutions. To date, no performance evaluations have been carried out comparing the Etest and MIC Test Strip assays in their ability to assess the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of periodontal bacterial pathogens. As a result, the purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro performance of E-test and MIC Test Strip assays in assessing minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of four antibiotics frequently utilized in systemic periodontal antibiotic therapy against 11 fresh clinical subgingival isolates of the putative periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia/ nigrescens, and to compare the distribution of P. intermedia/ nigrescens strains identified with interpretative criteria as "susceptible" and "resistant" to each of the four antibiotics using MIC values determined by the two antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Methods: Standardized cell suspensions, equivalent to a 2.0 McFarland turbidity standard, were prepared with 11 fresh clinical isolates of P. intermedia/nigrescens, each recovered from the subgingival microbiota of United States chronic periodontitis subjects, and plated onto to the surfaces of culture plates containing enriched Brucella blood agar. After drying, pairs of antibiotic-impregnated, quantitative, gradient diffusion strips from two manufacturers (E-test, bioMérieux, Durham, NC, USA, and MIC Test Strip, Liofilchem s.r.l., Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy) for amoxicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and doxycycline were each placed apart from each other onto the inoculated enriched Brucella blood agar surfaces, so that an antibiotic test strip from each manufacturer was employed per plate against each P. intermedia/ nigrescens clinical isolate for antibiotic susceptibility testing. After 48-72 hours anaerobic jar incubation, individual MIC values for each antibiotic test strip against P. intermedia/nigrescens were read in μg/ml at the point where the edge of the bacterial inhibition ellipse intersected with the antibiotic test strip. MIC50, MIC90, and MIC range were calculated and compared for each of the test antibiotics, with essential agreement (EA) values determined per test antibiotic for the level of outcome agreement between two antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. In addition, the identification of antibiotic "susceptible" and "resistant" strains among the P. intermedia/nigrescens clinical isolates was determined for each test antibiotic using MIC interpretative criteria from the MIC interpretative standards developed by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for gram-negative anaerobic bacteria for amoxicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole findings, and from the French Society of Microbiology breakpoint values for anaerobic disk diffusion testing for doxycycline data. Results: For amoxicillin, higher MIC50 and MIC90 values against the P. intermedia/ nigrescens strains were found with the MIC Test Strip assay than with E-test strips, resulting in a relatively low EA value of 45.5% between the two susceptibility testing methods. A higher percentage of amoxicillin "resistant" P. intermedia/nigrescens strains (72.7%) were identified by MIC Test Strips as compared to E-test strips (54.5%), although both methods found the same proportion of amoxicillin "susceptible" strains (27.3%). For clindamycin, both susceptibility testing methods provided identical MIC values (EA value = 100%), and exactly the same distributions of "susceptible" and "resistant" strains of P. intermedia/nigrescens. For metronidazole, only very poor agreement (EA value = 9.1%) was found between the two susceptibility testing methods, with MIC Test Strips exhibiting markedly higher MIC50 and MIC90 values against P. intermedia/nigrescens as compared to E-test strips. However, the distribution of "susceptible" and "resistant" P. intermedia/ nigrescens were identical between the two susceptibility testing methods. For doxycycline, relatively good agreement (EA value = 72.7%) was found in MIC concentrations between the two susceptibility testing methods, although generally lower MIC values were associated with MIC Test Strips. In addition, identical distributions of "susceptible" and "resistant" P. intermedia/nigrescens were provided by both susceptibility testing methods. Conclusions: Relative to MIC values measured against periodontal strains of P. intermedia/nigrescens, MIC Test Strips gave higher MIC values with amoxicillin and metronidazole, equal MIC values with clindamycin, and lower MIC values with doxycycline, as compared to MIC values measured with the E-test assay. Relative to the identification of antibiotic "susceptible" periodontal P. intermedia/ nigrescens strains, both susceptibility testing methods provided identical findings, suggesting that both methods appear to be interchangeable for clinical decision making in regard to identification of antibiotic-sensitive strains of periodontal P. intermedia/nigrescens. However, for epidemiologic surveillance of drug susceptibility trends, where exact MIC values are important to track over time, the relatively higher proportion of non-exact MIC differences between the two susceptibility testing methods argues against using them interchangeably. Instead, one or the other method should be used consistently for such studies. Further comparative studies of the E-test and MIC Test Strip assays are indicated using other periodontopathic bacterial species besides P. intermedia/ nigrescens, and to assess the reproducibility of MIC values provided by both in vitro susceptibility testing methods over time.
Temple University--Theses
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Thompson, Megan Elizabeth Dove. "Fabrication and Testing of a Heat Exchanger Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation in an Automobile Exhaust System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19233.

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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are currently a topic of interest in the field of energy harvesting for automobiles. In applying TEGs to the outside of the exhaust tailpipe of a vehicle, the difference in temperature between the hot exhaust gases and the automobile coolant can be used to generate a small amount of electrical power to be used in the vehicle. The amount of power is anticipated to be a few hundred watts based on the temperatures expected and the properties of the materials for the TEG.
This study focuses on developing efficient heat exchanger modules for the cold side of the TEG through the analysis of experimental data. The experimental set up mimics conditions that were previously used in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. This model tested several different geometries of cold side sections for the heat exchanger at standard coolant and exhaust temperatures for a typical car. The test section uses the same temperatures as the CFD model, but the geometry is a 1/5th scaled down model compared to an full-size engine and was fabricated using a metal-based rapid prototyping process. The temperatures from the CFD model are validated through thermocouple measurements, which provide the distribution of the temperatures across the TEG. All of these measurements are compared to the CFD model for trends and temperatures to ensure that the model is accurate. Two cold side geometries, a baseline geometry and an impingement geometry, are compared to determine which will produce the greater temperature gradient across the TEG.
Master of Science
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Afonso, Rodríguez Verónica [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber. "Electromagnetic design, implementation and test of a superconducting undulator with a transverse gradient field amplitude / Verónica Afonso Rodríguez. Betreuer: M. Weber." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079594981/34.

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Vargas, Tiago Moreira. "Estatística gradiente: teoria assintótica de alta ordem e correção tipo-Bartlett." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-13062013-163845/.

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Obtemos uma expansão assintótica da função de distribuição sob a hipótese nula da estatística gradiente para testar hipóteses nulas compostas na presença de parâmetros de perturbação. Esta expansão é derivada utilizando uma rota Bayesiana baseada no argumento de encolhimento descrito em Ghosh e Mukerjee (1991). Usando essa expansão, propomos uma estatística gradiente corrigida por um fator de correção tipo-Bartlett, que tem distribuição qui-quadrado até um erro de ordem o(n-1) sob a hipótese nula. A partir disso, determinamos fórmulas matriciais e algébricas que auxiliam na obtenção da estatística gradiente corrigida em modelos lineares generalizados com dispersão conhecida e desconhecida. Simulações de Monte Carlo são apresentadas. Finalmente, discutimos a obtenção de regiões de credibilidade via inversão da estatística gradiente. Caracterizamos as densidades a priori, matching priors, que asseguram propriedades de cobertura frequentista acuradas para essas regiões.
We obtain an asymptotic expansion for the null distribution function of the gradient statistic for testing composite null hypotheses in the presence of nuisance parameters. The expansion is derived using a Bayesian route based on the shrinkage argument described in Ghosh and Mukerjee (1991). Using this expansion, we propose a Bartlett-type corrected gradient statistic, which has a chi-square distribution up to an error of order o(n1) under the null hypothesis. Also, we determined matrix and algebraic formulas that assist in obtaining Bartett-type corrected statistic in generalized linear models with known and unknown dispersion. Monte Carlo simulations are presented. Finally, we obtain credible regions based by the inversion of gradient statistic. We characterize priori densities, matching priors, that ensure accurate frequentist coverage properties for these regions.
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Pedroza, Moises. "Automating Telemetry Tracking Systems Operational Tests." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606471.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Automating Telemetry Tracking Systems Operational Readiness Tests is a concept that was introduced at White Sands Missile Range in the early 1980’s. The idea was to determine the condition of a Telemetry Tracking System in a reliable manner in a short time as possible. A series of RF and Servo Tests designed to determine the condition of a Telemetry Tracking System was implemented using HP BASIC. The latest personal computers are faster and have more storage capacity plus the capability to be programmed in higher level languages such as C/C++ and LabView. This technology makes it easier to automate system tests. Many of these tests need to be conducted just prior to supporting a mission. Some tests are required to be performed on mobile systems after moving the system from one location to another, especially if the move was over long distances and rugged terrain. Tests such as G/T are conducted before each mission because it yields accurate information on the Figure of Merit, or, System Sensitivity. Noise Figure Measurements are more difficult to perform to determine the System Sensitivity since modern RF Subsystems have pre-amplifiers with Noise Figures of less than 1.0 dB. The “down-sizing” of personnel increases the possibility of failure in mission support scenarios due to the many critical readiness tests needed to assess the Telemetry Tracking Systems. Also, conventional test methods can be time consuming and are subject to human error. This paper describes four critical tests that have been automated to improve reliability of the test data and decrease the amount of time required to conduct the tests. The “C/C++” language was used to write the automation programs. More tests will be automated later.
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Pelser, Alida Yonanda. "Adaptation of trees to the urban environment : Acacia karroo in Potchefstroom, South Africa / by Alida Yonanda Pelser." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1550.

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Books on the topic "Gradient test"

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Hoffenberg, R. Wake measurements in a strong adverse pressure gradient. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Hoffenberg, R. Wake measurements in a strong adverse pressure gradient. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Zajdlik, B. A. Report on biological toxicity tests using pollution gradient studies - Sydney Harbor. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, Marine Environment Division, 2000.

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Robinson, Glen E. Assessing and grading student achievement. Arlington, Va: Educational Research Service, 1989.

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Walvoord, Barbara E. Fassler. Effective Grading. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2009.

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Staab, Steffen. Grading knowledge: Extracting degree information from textsdeSteffen Staab. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Marzano, Robert J. Formative assessment & standards-based grading. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree, 2010.

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A complete guide to student grading. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1999.

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Ory, John C. Tips for improving testing and grading. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage Publications, 1993.

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Formative assessment & standards-based grading. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gradient test"

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Berke, Ryan, Ravinder Chona, Arthur Ding, John Lambros, Eann Patterson, and Christopher Sebastian. "Stereo-DIC Measurements of Thermal Gradient Effects on the Vibratory Response of Metals." In Rotating Machinery, Hybrid Test Methods, Vibro-Acoustics & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 8, 35–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_4.

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Soczewiński, Edward, Katarzyna Czapińska, and Teresa Wawryznowicz. "Migration of Zones of Test Dyes in Preparative Thin-Layer Chromatography: Stepwise Gradient Elution." In Preparative-Scale Chromatography, 309–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210108-15.

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Kamma, Sai Pavan, Shahana Bano, Gorsa Lakshmi Niharika, Guru Sai Chilukuri, and Deepika Ghanta. "Cost-Effective and Efficient Detection of Autism from Screening Test Data Using Light Gradient Boosting Machine." In Intelligent Sustainable Systems, 777–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2422-3_61.

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Zhou, Jian, Xin Chen, Mingzhen Wang, Enming Li, Hui Chen, and Xiuzhi Shi. "Classification of Seismic-Liquefaction Potential Using Friedman’s Stochastic Gradient Boosting Based on the Cone Penetration Test Data." In Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, 67–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95768-5_7.

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Garriga, Anna, Jani Turunen, and Laura Bernardi. "The Socioeconomic Gradient of Shared Physical Custody in Two Welfare States: Comparison Between Spain and Sweden." In European Studies of Population, 181–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_9.

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AbstractThis study contributes to the emerging literature on the diffusion of SPC across social strata, by comparing two national contexts, Sweden and Spain, with different prevalence rates of SPC and with diverging social and gender policies in the early XXI century. We draw on the 2006 and 2014 comparative cross-sectional data from the Spanish and Swedish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC), to test two competitive hypotheses (diffusion and diverging destinies hypotheses) on the association of parental socioeconomic status, children’s living arrangements in separated families and their relative prevalence in a populaiton. We also examine whether such association is modified by the great increase in SPC in both countries between 2006 and 2014. We present empirical evidence that, independently from the context, SPC arrangements are more frequent among parents with higher socioeconomic status and sole-custody arrangements among other parents; however, social inequality in post-separation arrangements differ in the two countries over time. In Spain, we find evidence in favour of the diffusion hypothesis with increases in the prevalence of SPC going hand in hand with the diffusion of SPC across social strata. By contrast, the Swedish data support the diverging destinies hypothesis with increases in SPC producing no variation in its social stratification over time.
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Han, Zhen, Wei Yan, and Gang Liu. "A Performance-Based Urban Block Generative Design Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Computer Vision." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 134–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_13.

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AbstractIn recent years, generative design methods are widely used to guide urban or architectural design. Some performance-based generative design methods also combine simulation and optimization algorithms to obtain optimal solutions. In this paper, a performance-based automatic generative design method was proposed to incorporate deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and computer vision for urban planning through a case study to generate an urban block based on its direct sunlight hours, solar heat gains as well as the aesthetics of the layout. The method was tested on the redesign of an old industrial district located in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. A DRL agent - deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent - was trained to guide the generation of the schemes. The agent arranges one building in the site at one time in a training episode according to the observation. Rhino/Grasshopper and a computer vision algorithm, Hough Transform, were used to evaluate the performance and aesthetics, respectively. After about 150 h of training, the proposed method generated 2179 satisfactory design solutions. Episode 1936 which had the highest reward has been chosen as the final solution after manual adjustment. The test results have proven that the method is a potentially effective way for assisting urban design.
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Vaněk, Jan, and Zbyněk Zajíc. "A Direct Criterion Minimization Based fMLLR via Gradient Descend." In Text, Speech, and Dialogue, 52–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40585-3_8.

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Karafiát, Martin, Igor Szöke, and Jan Černocký. "Using Gradient Descent Optimization for Acoustics Training from Heterogeneous Data." In Text, Speech and Dialogue, 322–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15760-8_41.

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Dang, Nobel, Ashish Khanna, and Viswanatha Reddy Allugunti. "TS-GAN with Policy Gradient for Text Summarization." In Data Analytics and Management, 843–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8335-3_64.

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Dalmet, Wallace, Abhishek Das, Vivek Dhuri, Moinuddin Khaja, and Sunil H. Karamchandani. "Siamese Manhattan LSTM Implementation for Predicting Text Similarity and Grading of Student Test Papers." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 593–602. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1002-1_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gradient test"

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Hackner, Michael, Hans-Peter Hohe, and Markus Stahl-Offergeld. "A6.2 - An integrated Nine-dimensional Hall-Gradient-Sensor." In SENSOR+TEST Conferences 2009. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/sensor09/v2/a6.2.

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Solecki, J., J. Tyszer, G. Mrugalski, N. Mukherjee, and J. Rajski. "Low power programmable PRPG with enhanced fault coverage gradient." In 2012 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/test.2012.6401559.

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Li, Naiyi, Tianxi Xie, Zongren Peng, and Shiling Zhang. "Corona test of grading ring for UHV insulators using gradient equivalent method." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics (ICSD). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2013.6619904.

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Rodriguez, J., G. Arnau-Izquierdo, R. Corsini, S. Dobert, R. Fandos, A. Grudiev, I. Syratchev, et al. "30 GHz high-gradient accelerating structure test results." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4439919.

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Othman, M. A. K., J. Picard, S. Schaub, V. A. Dolgashev, S. Jawla, B. Spataro, R. J. Temkin, S. Tantawi, and E. A. Nanni. "High-Gradient Test Results of W-Band Accelerator Structures." In 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2019.8874329.

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Aghaee, Nima, Zebo Peng, and Petru Eles. "Temperature-gradient based test scheduling for 3D stacked ICs." In 2013 IEEE 20th International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2013.6815440.

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Aghaee, Nima, Zebo Peng, and Petru Eles. "An efficient temperature-gradient based burn-in technique for 3D stacked ICs." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date.2014.142.

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Aghaee, Nima, Zebo Peng, and Petru Eles. "An efficient temperature-gradient based burn-in technique for 3D stacked ICs." In Design Automation and Test in Europe. New Jersey: IEEE Conference Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7873/date2014.142.

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Zaidon, Nuradawiyah, Anis Nurashikin Nordin, Ahmad Faris Ismail, and Mak Wing Cheung. "Serpentine microfluidic structures for concentration gradient generators." In 2016 Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (DTIP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dtip.2016.7514870.

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Natarajan, Vishwanath, Shyam Kumar Devarakond, Shreyas Sen, and Abhijit Chatterjee. "BIST Driven Power Conscious Post-Manufacture Tuning of Wireless Transceiver Systems Using Hardware-Iterated Gradient Search." In 2009 Asian Test Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ats.2009.75.

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Reports on the topic "Gradient test"

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Barnett, D. B., and M. A. Korosec. Results of the 1988 geothermal gradient test drilling project for the State of Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5078142.

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Doebert, S. High Gradient Test of a Clamped, Molybdenum Iris, X-Band Accelerator Structure at NLCTA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839600.

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Motyka, R. J., L. D. Queen, C. J. Janik, D. S. Sheppard, R. J. Poreda, and S. A. Liss. Fluid geochemistry and fluid-mineral equilibria in test wells and thermal-gradient holes at the Makushin geothermal area, Unalaska Island, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/2462.

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Motyka, R. J., L. D. Queen, C. J. Janik, D. S. Sheppard, R. J. Poreda, and S. A. Liss. Fluid geochemistry and fluid mineral equilibria in test wells and thermal gradient holes at the Makushin Geothermal area, Unalaska Island, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1237.

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Dolgashev, V. TRAVELLING WAVE AND STANDING WAVE SINGLE CELL HIGH GRADIENT TESTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829794.

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Loewen, Roderick J. SLAC/CERN High Gradient Tests of An X Band Accelerating Section. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813250.

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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.

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Abstract:
The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
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Diamond, Rebecca, and Petra Persson. The Long-term Consequences of Teacher Discretion in Grading of High-stakes Tests. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22207.

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