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Journal articles on the topic 'Gradients de microstructure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

McNelley, Terry R., Keiichiro Oh-ishi, and Alexandre P. Zhilyaev. "Microstructure Evolution and Microstructure-Property Relationships in Friction Stir Processing of NiAl Bronze." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3745.

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Friction stir processing (FSP) has been employed for localized modification and control of microstructures in NiAl bronze materials, which are widely utilized for marine components. The thermomechanical cycle of FSP results in homogenization and refinement and the conversion of microstructures from a cast to a wrought condition within stir zones in the material. However, the direct measurement of stir zone temperatures, strains, strain rates and cooling rates is difficult due to steep gradients and transients in these quantities, and this is an impediment in the assessment of FSP-induced micro

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2

Schmidt, Christopher David, Hans-Jürgen Christ, and Axel Von Hehl. "Hydrogen as a Temporary Alloying Element for Establishing Specific Microstructural Gradients in Ti-6Al-4V." Metals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12081267.

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Parts of vehicles, such as landing gear components of aircrafts, are subject to growing demands in terms of sustainability via lightweight design and durability. To fulfill these requirements, the development of thermochemical processes is auspicious. Titanium alloys allow a heat treatment in hydrogen-containing atmosphere for temporary hydrogen alloying, often called thermohydrogen treatment (THT). The investigation presented intends to realize a local microstructure modification of Ti-6Al-4V by means of THT. The study aims to use hydrogen (H) as a promoter for changing the local distribution

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3

Jalme, Margaux Saint, Christophe Desrayaud, Julien Favre, et al. "Microstructure Evolution during Multiaxial Processing of TA6V." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1211.

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Subtransus multiaxial hot forging of α+β Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) titanium alloy with a β-transformed microstructure aims at obtaining an equiaxed microstructure through α phase globularization. The activation of mechanisms involved in microstructural evolution, such as globularization, depends on parameters such as time, temperature, strain and strain rate. It is also sensitive to the crystallographic orientation of α-lamellae. As a result, multiaxial processing of titanium alloys leads to significant microstructural gradients depending on thermomechanical conditions and initial microstructure. In th

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4

Bruder, Enrico, Tilman Bohn, and Clemens Müller. "Properties of UFG HSLA Steel Profiles Produced by Linear Flow Splitting." Materials Science Forum 584-586 (June 2008): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.661.

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Linear flow splitting is a new cold forming process for the production of branched sheet metal structures. It induces severe plastic strain in the processing zone which results in the formation of an UFG microstructure and an increase in hardness and strength in the flanges. Inbuilt deformation gradients in the processing zone lead to steep gradients in the microstructure and mechanical properties. In the present paper the gradients in the UFG microstructure and the mechanical properties of a HSLA steel (ZStE 500) processed by linear flow splitting are presented, as well as a calculation of lo

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5

Büyük, U., S. Engin, and N. Maraşlı. "Directional solidification of Zn-Al-Cu eutectic alloy by the vertical Bridgman method." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 51, no. 1 (2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb140304007b.

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In the present work, the effect of growth rate and temperature gradient on microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-7wt.%Al-4wt.%Cu eutectic alloy has been investigated. Alloys prepared under steady-state conditions by vacuumed hot filing furnace. Then, the alloys were directionally solidified upward with different growth rates (V=11.62-230.77 mm/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G=7.17 K/mm) and with different temperature gradients (G=7.17-11.04 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V=11.62 mm/s) by a Bridgman furnace. The microstructures were observed to be lamellae of Zn, Al and broke

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6

Bryndza, Guillian, Jérôme Tchoufang Tchuindjang, Fan Chen, et al. "Review of the Microstructural Impact on Creep Mechanisms and Performance for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 718." Materials 18, no. 2 (2025): 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020276.

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Inconel 718 (IN718) is a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy and one of the most widely used materials in the aerospace industry owing to its excellent mechanical performances at high temperatures, including creep resistance. Interest in additively manufactured components in aerospace is greatly increasing due to their ability to reduce material consumption, to manufacture complex parts, and to produce out-of-equilibrium microstructures, which can be beneficial for mechanical behavior. IN718’s properties are, however, very sensitive to microstructural features, which strongly depend on the

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Larivière, Sara, Reinder Vos de Wael, Seok-Jun Hong, et al. "Multiscale Structure–Function Gradients in the Neonatal Connectome." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 1 (2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz069.

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Abstract The adult functional connectome is well characterized by a macroscale spatial gradient of connectivity traversing from unimodal toward higher-order transmodal cortices that recapitulates known principles of hierarchical organization and myelination patterns. Despite an emerging literature assessing connectome properties in neonates, the presence of connectome gradients and particularly their correspondence to microstructure remains largely unknown. We derived connectome gradients using unsupervised techniques applied to functional connectivity data from 40 term-born neonates. A series

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8

Lomte, Amulya, and Bhisham Sharma. "Modeling the acoustic behavior of stepwise gradient porous structures." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (2022): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-764.

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Spatial property gradients can significantly enhance the noise reduction potential of porous structures. However, predicting the acoustic behavior of structures with gradient microstructures continues to remain a challenge. For porous structures with controlled periodic microstructures, researchers have recently demonstrated the use of a multiscale asymptotic method to extract the acoustic transport properties necessary for use in semi-empirical predictive models. Here, we propose the adaptation of this method to enable the modeling of porous absorbers with stepwise property gradients. The uni

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9

Fischer, K., and H. Oettel. "Microstructure Gradients in PVD-TiN Coatings." Materials Science Forum 273-275 (February 1998): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.273-275.567.

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10

Georgiadis, H. G. "The Mode III Crack Problem in Microstructured Solids Governed by Dipolar Gradient Elasticity: Static and Dynamic Analysis." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 4 (2003): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1574061.

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This study aims at determining the elastic stress and displacement fields around a crack in a microstructured body under a remotely applied loading of the antiplane shear (mode III) type. The material microstructure is modeled through the Mindlin-Green-Rivlin dipolar gradient theory (or strain-gradient theory of grade two). A simple but yet rigorous version of this generalized continuum theory is taken here by considering an isotropic linear expression of the elastic strain-energy density in antiplane shearing that involves only two material constants (the shear modulus and the so-called gradi

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11

Schmidt, Christopher David, Vitali Macin, Peter Schmidt, and Hans-Jürgen Christ. "Generation of Microstructural Gradients for Improved Mechanical Properties via Thermo-Hydrogen Treatment of the Metastable Beta Titanium Alloys Beta CTM and Ti 10V-2Fe-3Al." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 12017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032112017.

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Structural components must be lightweight and produced resource-saving while still fulfil the increasing durability and reliability requirements. One approach to fulfil these requests is a temporary hydrogen charging of Ti-alloys, which generates lattice distortion and hydrides. The volume difference between hydride precipitates and the alloy matrix results in localized plastic deformation. This triggers recrystallization and enables a finer microstructure as attainable by a conventional heat treatment. The study aims at an elaboration of a thermo-hydrogen treatment that establishes a change i

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12

Hansen, A. C., and W. E. Foslien. "A macroscale mixture theory analysis of deposition and sublimation rates during heat and mass transfer in dry snow." Cryosphere 9, no. 5 (2015): 1857–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1857-2015.

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Abstract. The microstructure of a dry alpine snowpack is a dynamic environment where microstructural evolution is driven by seasonal density profiles and weather conditions. Notably, temperature gradients on the order of 10–20 K m−1, or larger, are known to produce a faceted snow microstructure exhibiting little strength. However, while strong temperature gradients are widely accepted as the primary driver for kinetic growth, they do not fully account for the range of experimental observations. An additional factor influencing snow metamorphism is believed to be the rate of mass transfer at th

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Hansen, A. C., and W. E. Foslien. "A macroscale mixture theory analysis of deposition and sublimation rates during heat and mass transfer in snow." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 2 (2015): 1503–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-1503-2015.

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Abstract. The microstructure of a dry alpine snowpack is a dynamic environment where microstructural evolution is driven by seasonal density profiles and weather conditions. Notably, temperature gradients on the order of 10–20 K m−1, or larger, are known to produce a faceted snow microstructure exhibiting little strength. However, while strong temperature gradients are widely accepted as the primary driver for kinetic growth, they do not fully account for the range of experimental observations. An additional factor influencing snow metamorphism is believed to be the rate of mass transfer at th

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14

Seo, Seongji, and Jiyong Park. "Annealing Heat Treatment for Homogenizing the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Thick Plate of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy." Materials 16, no. 23 (2023): 7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237423.

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In the application of Ti-6Al-4V to aerospace structural components, when welding thick plates similar of the thickness of the components, microstructure and hardness gradients emerge between the base material (BM) and the joint. This leads to the issue of significant stress concentration in the BM under tensile stress. To address this problem through post-welding heat treatment, this study conducted heat treatments at temperatures both below (mill annealing, MA) and above the beta-transus temperature (beta annealing, BA) on electron-beam weldments of 18 mm thickness Ti-6Al-4V plates. Subsequen

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15

Liao, Z., L. Zhang, X. Huang, and D. Juul Jensen. "Microstructural and textural gradients in SLM-manufactured AlSi10Mg after low-draught cold-rolling and heat treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2635, no. 1 (2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2635/1/012038.

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Abstract Additively manufactured AlSi10Mg is often subject to a two-stage heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment followed by artificial aging, to achieve optimal properties. Before such heat treatments, slight surface plastic deformation may be applied to modify the surface quality and properties. However, gradients in microstructure and texture near the surface introduced by the plastic deformation may cause undesired microstructural and textural evolutions during subsequent heat treatment. In this work, we introduce plastic deformation in the surface layer in an SLM-manufactured AlS

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16

Zhu, Ziyi, Junfeng Luo, Jiali Gao, et al. "Effects of Rolling Strategies on Microstructure Uniformity of High-Purity Tantalum Plates." Coatings 15, no. 5 (2025): 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050575.

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High-purity tantalum plates form inhomogeneous microstructures and texture gradients along the thickness through conventional rolling, which seriously affects the sputtering performance of the target. In this work, tantalum plates with a random microstructure were used on different rolling paths, such as those in unidirectional rolling (UR) and cross rolling (CR). The microstructure of the rolled tantalum plates was characterized using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Vickers hardness (HV). The results indicated that the UR specimen exhibited the highest ha

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17

Zalesak, J., J. Todt, R. Pitonak, et al. "Combinatorial refinement of thin-film microstructure, properties and process conditions: iterative nanoscale search for self-assembled TiAlN nanolamellae." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 6 (2016): 2217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716017258.

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Because of the tremendous variability of crystallite sizes and shapes in nanomaterials, it is challenging to assess the corresponding size–property relationships and to identify microstructures with particular physical properties or even optimized functions. This task is especially difficult for nanomaterials formed by self-organization, where the spontaneous evolution of microstructure and properties is coupled. In this work, two compositionally graded TiAlN films were (i) grown using chemical vapour deposition by applying a varying ratio of reacting gases and (ii) subsequently analysed using

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18

Castelluccio, Gustavo M., Hojun Lim, John M. Emery, and Corbett C. Battaile. "Crack tip microplasticity mediated by microstructure gradients." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 44, no. 9 (2021): 2337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13493.

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19

WINTER, MATTHIAS. "An example of microstructure with multiple scales." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 8, no. 2 (1997): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792597003021.

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This paper studies a vectorial problem in the calculus of variations arising in the theory of martensitic microstructure. The functional has an integral representation where the integrand is a non-convex function of the gradient with exactly four minima. We prove that the Young measure corresponding to a minimizing sequence is homogeneous and unique for certain linear boundary conditions. We also consider the singular perturbation of the problem by higher-order gradients. We study an example of microstructure involving infinite sequential lamination and calculate its energy and length scales i

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20

Nastac, Laurentiu. "A 3D Multiscale Model for Prediction of the Microstructure Evolution in Ti6Al4V Components Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1281, no. 1 (2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012002.

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Abstract A transient 3D multiscale model has been created to simulate the evolution of solidification microstructures rapidly and effectively in Ti6Al4V parts produced through Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). The microstructure simulation tool has been enhanced to account for rapid solidification conditions in Ti6Al4V alloys during processing of multi-layer multi-track LPBF parts. The simulation tool can evaluate the impact of part geometry, lase power input, laser speed, and laser beam shape on the formation of the microstructure in LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V alloy. The multiscale model considers

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21

Li, Lingxiao, Jiyan Liu, Yuhao Wang, Guozhu Zhang, and Fengshan Du. "Study on the Effect of Microstructure Gradients Caused by Heat Gradients on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity in Heavy Forgings." Metals 12, no. 4 (2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040610.

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The hydrogen embrittlement problem of alloy steel heavy forgings not only has the common properties of general hydrogen embrittlement, but also has the characteristics brought by its scale characteristics. The research of hydrogen embrittlement, combined with its characteristics and commonness, is of vital importance for the service safety of engineering structures. The temperature field and microstructure distribution in the machining process were investigated through the simulation of a finite element. On this basis, the physical simulation experiments were carried out to obtain the microstr

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22

Sandhya, S., and G. Phanikumar. "Investigation of Fusion Weldments of Semi-Solid Aluminium A356 Alloy: Pool Geometry and Microstructure." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.751.

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A fusion welding technique to join a semi-solid processed A356 cast plate is explored using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Semi-solid metal (SSM) billets of non-dendritic microstructure produced by rheocasting in a mould placed inside a linear electromagnetic stirrer were used for this study. GTAW experiments were conducted to simulate different thermal gradients near the fusion zone. The geometries of the weld pool as well as the temperature gradient in the fusion boundary were measured to understand the microstructure evolution. Simulation of the welding process was performed to aid in the

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23

Rodríguez-Parra, Jesús, Rodrigo Moreno, and Isabel Nieto. "Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure and porosity of alumina produced by freeze casting." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 12 (2012): 1775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121018132r.

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Freeze casting is a well-known shaping technique to produce materials with directional porosity. One of the major problems is the difficulty to control the cooling rate thus leading to gradients in pore size and homogeneity. This work deals with the manufacture of alumina ceramics with directional porosity by freeze casting of aqueous suspensions. An experimental set-up was prepared in order to apply different cooling rates. Freeze casting tests were done with an aqueous alumina suspension after optimization of its rheological behavior. The porosity and microstructural features of sintered bod

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Weiland, H., and J. Liu. "Applications of microtexture analysis for materials characterization using SEM and TEM techniques." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170803.

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Research and development in material science require the understanding of structure and property relationship. In many instances, such a relationship at a local microstructural scale is crucial for a mechanistic insight. Spatially-resolved microtexture analyses based on both scanning and transmission electron microscopy have now become powerful tools for these studies. By these techniques, not only can a linkage be established between morphological and crystallographic components of the microstructure, grain boundary details can be obtained as well. The choice of the SEM- or TEM-based microtex

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Sommer, K., A. Pfennig, F. Sammler, and R. Heiler. "Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of WAAM components." Practical Metallography 62, no. 2 (2025): 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2025-0004.

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Abstract Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a process enabling the deposition of components with complex geometries while using high deposition rates. The WAAM process is associated with specific thermal process conditions resulting in inhomogeneities in the microstructure and thus, anisotropic properties within a component. Using a WAAM component made of high-alloy steel 1.4370 as an example, correlations between the microstructural gradients and the mechanical properties will be studied based on hardness measurements. To this end, the phases and characteristic features present in the

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26

Wang, Qiushuang, Wenyou Zhang, Shujun Li, et al. "Material Characterisation and Computational Thermal Modelling of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Ti2448 Titanium Alloy." Materials 14, no. 23 (2021): 7359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237359.

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Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (Ti2448) is a metastable β-type titanium alloy developed for biomedical applications. In this work, cylindrical samples of Ti2448 alloy have been successfully manufactured by using the electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) technique. The thermal history and microstructure of manufactured samples are characterised using computational and experimental methods. To analyse the influence of thermal history on the microstructure of materials, the thermal process of PBF-EB has been computationally predicted using the layer-by-layer modelling method. The microstructure of the Ti2448

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Kamalova, N. S., N. N. Matveev, N. Yu Evsikova, and V. I. Lisitsyn. "Dynamics of potential difference changes in a biocomposite microsection for different temperature gradients." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия физическая 87, no. 9 (2023): 1322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0367676523702320.

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The method of formalized modeling revealed the complex nature of the dependence of the parameters of the process of rearrangement of the biocomposite microstructure on the temperature gradient. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the potential difference formed along the thickness of the birch wood microcut, the parameters of the biocomposite polarization process for various temperature gradients have determined.

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Wang, Jian-Bao, Guang-Chun Xiao, Wei Zhao, Bing-Rong Zhang, and Wei-Feng Rao. "Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance to H2S in the Welded Joints of X80 Pipeline Steel." Metals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121325.

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The microstructure and corrosion resistance in H2S environments for various zones of X80 pipeline steel submerged arc welded joints were studied. The main microstructures in the base metal (BM), welded metal (WM), coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ), and fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) were mainly polygonal ferrite and granular bainite; acicular ferrite with fine grains; granular bainite, ferrite, and martensite/austenite constituents, respectively. The corrosion behavior differences resulted from the microstructure gradients. The results of the micro-morphologies of the corrosio

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Vuorinen, E., V. Heino, N. Ojala, O. Haiko, and A. Hedayati. "Erosive-abrasive wear behavior of carbide-free bainitic and boron steels compared in simulated field conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 1 (2017): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117739125.

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The wear resistance of carbide-free bainitic microstructures have recently shown to be excellent in sliding, sliding-rolling, and erosive-abrasive wear. Boron steels are often an economically favorable alternative for similar applications. In this study, the erosive-abrasive wear performance of the carbide-free bainitic and boron steels with different heat treatments was studied in mining-related conditions. The aim was to compare these steels and to study the microstructural features affecting wear rates. The mining-related condition was simulated with an application oriented wear test method

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Reis, Ana Carmen C., and Leo Kestens. "Cross-Sectional Texture Gradients in Interstitial Free Steels Processed by Accumulated Roll Bonding." Solid State Phenomena 105 (July 2005): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.105.233.

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An interstitial-free steel was severely plastically deformed in an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) experiment with 10 consecutive passes applied at 480°C. Nominal reductions of 50% per pass and an intermediate annealing treatment of 5 min. at 520°C were employed. A total true strain of evM = 8.00 was applied, which corresponds to an accumulated reduction of 99.9%. The evolution of texture and microstructure was monitored by means of orientation imaging microscopy. A lamellar microstructure, characteristic of severely rolled sheet materials, was observed even after the highest strains. The aver

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Ferry, Michael. "Uniformity of Grain Coarsening in Submicron Grained Al-Sc Alloy Containing Local Variations in Texture." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.609.

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The effect of fine particles on the uniformity of grain coarsening in a submicron grained Al-Sc alloy containing significant local variations in texture has been investigated using high resolution EBSD. The alloy was processed by severe plastic deformation and low temperature ageing to generate a fine-grained (0.8 µm diameter) microstructure containing either a dispersion of nanosized Al3Sc particles or a particle-free matrix. The initial processing generated a uniform grain size distribution, but the distribution of grain orientations was inhomogeneous with the microstructure containing colon

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Zöllner, Dana, and Wolfgang Pantleon. "Grain growth in thin film under strong temperature gradients." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1249, no. 1 (2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1249/1/012010.

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Abstract Grain growth in thin films has attracted lots of attention due to the numerous applications of polycrystalline films, on one hand, and modified properties due to changes in the microstructure caused by thermal effects, on the other hand. While the phenomenon of grain growth is well understood in general, effects of e.g. temperature gradients leave questions open still today. In the present study, we investigate the influence of strong temperature gradients on grain growth in thin films. To that aim, a modified three-dimensional Potts model algorithm is employed, where the annealing te

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Liu, Yao, and Songlin Cai. "Gradients of Strain to Increase Strength and Ductility of Magnesium Alloys." Metals 9, no. 10 (2019): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101028.

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A strain gradient was produced in an AZ31B magnesium alloy through a plastic deformation of pure torsion at a torsional speed of π/2 per second. Compared with the base material and with the alloy processed by conventional severe plastic deformation, the magnesium alloy provided with a strain gradient possesses high strength preserving its ductility. Microstructural observations show that strain gradient induces the formation of an inhomogeneous microstructure characterized by statistically stored dislocation (SSD) density gradient and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND). GNDs and disloca

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Lavery, Andone C., Christopher Bassett, and Scott Loranger. "How prevalent is acoustic scattering from physical microstructure?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A148—A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010930.

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Any oceanic environment with spatial gradients in sound speed and density can result in acoustic scattering hot spots. These acoustic hotspots can be rapidly evolving and vary in their spatial heterogeneity. Here, we present data collected with a variety of split-beam and multi-beam echosounders illustrating the broad array of environments and spatial scales associated with scattering from physical microstructure, including shear instabilities in estuarine environments, non-linear internal waves on the continental shelf, strong interface scattering due to double-diffusion, scattering from stro

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Lavery, Andone C., Christopher Bassett, and Scott Loranger. "How prevalent is acoustic scattering from oceanic microstructure?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015857.

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Any oceanic environment with spatial gradients in sound speed and density can result in acoustic scattering hot spots. These acoustic hotspots can be rapidly evolving and vary in their spatial heterogeneity. Here, we review acoustic scattering models for turbulence and present data collected with a variety of split-beam and multi-beam echosounders illustrating the range of environments and spatial scales associated with scattering from physical microstructure, including shear instabilities in estuarine environments, non-linear internal waves on the continental shelf, strong interface scatterin

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Wermiński, Mariusz, Mateusz Sitko, and Lukasz Madej. "Through-Scale Numerical Investigation of Microstructure Evolution During the Cooling of Large-Diameter Rings." Materials 18, no. 14 (2025): 3237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143237.

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The prediction of microstructure evolution during thermal processing plays a crucial role in tailoring the mechanical properties of metallic components. Therefore, this work presents a comprehensive, multiscale modelling approach to simulating phase transformations in large-diameter steel rings during cooling. A finite-element-based thermal model was first used to simulate transient temperature distributions in a large-diameter ring under different cooling conditions, including air and water quenching. These thermal histories were subsequently employed in two complementary phase transformation

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Kanders, U., and K. Kanders. "Nanoindentation Response analysis of Thin Film Substrates-I: Strain Gradient-Divergence Approach." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 1 (2017): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0007.

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Abstract Nanoindentation is a widely-used method for sensitive exploration of the mechanical properties of micromechanical systems. We derive a simple empirical analysis technique to extract stress-strain field (SSF) gradient and divergence representations from nanoindentation data sets. Using this approach, local SSF gradients and structural heterogeneities can be discovered to obtain more detail about the sample’s microstructure, thus enhancing the analytic capacity of the nanoindentation technique. We demonstrate the application of the SSF gradient-divergence analysis approach to nanoindent

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Satyawali, P. K., A. K. Singh, S. K. Dewali, Praveen Kumar, and Vinod Kumar. "Time dependence of snow microstructure and associated effective thermal conductivity." Annals of Glaciology 49 (2008): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756408787814753.

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AbstractThis paper presents a sequential evaluation of snow microstructure and its associated thermal conductivity under the influence of a temperature gradient. Temperature gradients from 28 to 45 Km–1 were applied to snow samples having a density range 180–320 kgm–3. The experiments were conducted inside a cold room in a specially designed heat-flux apparatus for a period of 4weeks. A constant heat flux was applied at the base of the heat-flux apparatus to produce a temperature gradient in the snow sample. A steady-state approach was used to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of sno

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Qu, Wenying, Min Luo, Zhipeng Guo, et al. "Effect of Temperature Gradient on the Grain Size Homogeneity of SEED Produced Semi-Solid Slurries by Phase-Field Simulation." Materials 12, no. 20 (2019): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203309.

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The distribution homogeneity of grain size affects the fluidity of the semi-solid slurry, which in turn affects the properties of the casting. One key factor affecting grain size uniformity resides in the nucleation number, which has been studied thoroughly, while the other factor is temperature gradient which has not been investigated yet. In this study, the microstructure evolutions under certain temperature gradients are investigated by experiment and simulation using a two-dimensional quantitative phase-field (PF) model. A parallel and adaptive mesh refinement algorithm is adopted to solve

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Ma, Xiaotian, Shuangming Xu, Feifan Wang, et al. "Effect of Temperature and Material Flow Gradients on Mechanical Performances of Friction Stir Welded AA6082-T6 Joints." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196579.

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The temperature and material flow gradients along the thick section of the weld seriously affect the welding efficiency of friction stir welding in medium-thick plates. Here, the effects of different gradients obtained by the two pins on the weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties were compared. The results indicated that the large-tip pin increases heat input and material flow at the bottom, reducing the gradient along the thickness. The large-tip pin increases the welding speed of defect-free joints from 100 mm/min to 500 mm/min compared to the small-tip pin. The ultimate t

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Rollett, Anthony D., Francis Wagner, Nathalie Allain-Bonasso, David P. Field, and Ricardo A. Lebensohn. "Comparison of Gradients in Orientation and Stress between Experiment and Simulation." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.463.

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We examine the relationship between local gradients in orientation, which are quantified with the Kernel Average Misorientation, and the grain boundary network in an interstitial-free steel sheet, before and after 12% tensile strain. A portion of the unstrained microstructure is used as input to a full-field spectral viscoplastic code that simulates the same deformation. The orientation gradients are concentrated near grain boundaries in both experiments and simulation. Mapping out stress gradients in the simulation suggests that the development of orientation gradients is strongly correlated

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ŞAHIN, M., E. ÇADIRLI, and H. KAYA. "INFLUENCE OF THE SOLIDIFICATION PARAMETERS ON DENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURES IN UNSTEADY-STATE DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED OF LEAD–ANTIMONY ALLOY." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 05n06 (2010): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10014326.

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Pb-9.3wt.%Sb alloy was directionally solidified upwards under argon atmosphere under the two conditions; with different temperature gradients, (G = 0.93–3.67 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V = 17.50 μm/s) and with different growth rates (V = 8.30–497.00 μm/s) at a constant (G = 3.67 K/mm) in a Bridgman furnace. The dependence of characteristic microstructure parameters such as primary dendrite arm spacing (λ1), secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ2) and dendrite tip radius (R) on the growth rate (V) and the temperature gradient (G) were determined by using a linear regression analysis. A detail

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Bhattacharya, Kaushik, Nikan B. Firoozye, Richard D. James, and Robert V. Kohn. "Restrictions on microstructure." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 124, no. 5 (1994): 843–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500022381.

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We consider the following question: given a set of matrices with no rank-one connections, does it support a nontrivial Young measure limit of gradients? Our main results are these: (a) a Young measure can be supported on four incompatible matrices; (b) in two space dimensions, a Young measure cannot be supported on finitely many incompatible elastic wells; (c) in three or more space dimensions, a Young measure can be supported on three incompatible elastic wells; and (d) if supports a nontrivial Young measure with mean value 0, then the linear span of must contain a matrix of rank one.

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Kotecký, Ondřej, Suzanne Degallaix, and Jaroslav Polák. "Growth of Short Fatigue Cracks Emanating from Notches in an Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.117.

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The present work studies the effect of the microstructure and of the stress gradient on the early fatigue crack growth in a two-phase austenitic-ferritic stainless steel. Fatigue tests were performed on two geometries of double edge notched specimens. Direct optical observations of the surface are used to measure the surface crack growth rates. The results are presented and the effects of stress and strain gradients on the crack propagation kinetics are discussed.

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Panov, Dmitrii, Egor Kudryavtsev, Stanislav Naumov, et al. "Gradient Microstructure and Texture Formation in a Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel during Cold Rotary Swaging." Materials 16, no. 4 (2023): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041706.

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The paper aimed to study the evolution of the microstructure and texture gradient of a 321-type metastable austenitic stainless steel during cold rotary swaging. Cold rotary swaging was carried out with a reduction of up to 90% at ambient temperature. Pronounced gradients of the α’-martensite volume fraction, the axial texture of austenite (⟨111⟩ and ⟨001⟩) and α’-martensite (⟨101⟩), and non-uniform microhardness distribution along the rod diameter were obtained after a reduction of 80–90%. According to the finite element analysis, moderate tensile stresses were attained in the center, whereas

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Plumeri, J. E., and W. Z. Misiolek. "Design of a novel experimental profile for the development of a numerical model for extrusion processing of a magnesium alloy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1270, no. 1 (2022): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1270/1/012085.

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Magnesium alloys are an important structural material to many global industries. Their high specific physical properties are useful in the design of lightweight engineering systems. In this study, the development of a numerical model for the prediction of high-temperature extrusion of an Mg-Zn-Ce alloy (ZE20) is presented. A novel design of an I-shaped profile for extrusion processing was created as part of this effort. This design was used to produce extrudates with large strain gradients across a single profile. In parallel, new numerical tools were developed to predict the extrusion behavio

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Carter, Francis, Alfred Anwander, Mathieu Johnson, et al. "Assessing quantitative MRI techniques using multimodal comparisons." PLOS One 20, no. 7 (2025): e0327828. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327828.

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The study of brain structure and change in neuroscience is commonly conducted using macroscopic morphological measures of the brain such as regional volume or cortical thickness, providing little insight into the microstructure and physiology of the brain. In contrast, quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allows the monitoring of microscopic brain change non-invasively in-vivo, and provides directly comparable values between tissues, regions, and individuals. To support the development and common use of qMRI for cognitive neuroscience, we analysed a set of qMRI and dMRI metrics (R1, R

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Nomoto, Sukeharu, Masahito Segawa, and Makoto Watanabe. "Non- and Quasi-Equilibrium Multi-Phase Field Methods Coupled with CALPHAD Database for Rapid-Solidification Microstructural Evolution in Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing Condition." Metals 11, no. 4 (2021): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040626.

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A solidification microstructure is formed under high cooling rates and temperature gradients in powder-based additive manufacturing. In this study, a non-equilibrium multi-phase field method (MPFM), based on a finite interface dissipation model, coupled with the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) database, was developed for a multicomponent Ni alloy. A quasi-equilibrium MPFM was also developed for comparison. Two-dimensional equiaxed microstructural evolution for the Ni (Bal.)-Al-Co-Cr-Mo-Ta-Ti-W-C alloy was performed at various cooling rates. The temperature-γ fraction profiles obtained u

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Veaux, M., S. Denis, and P. Archambault. "Modelling and experimental study of the bainitic transformation, residual stresses and deformations in the quenching process of middle alloyed steel parts." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120083.

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Big efforts have been made these last twenty years in order to model the behaviour of steel parts in heat treatment processes [1]. Models for microstructural evolutions during continuous cooling, coupled with thermomechanical calculations do exist, but complete experimental validations of these models are still necessary. Here, we mainly present a complete experimental validation procedure from the scale of small homogeneous specimen to the scale of massive pieces with thermal gradients. Comparisons between experimental and calculated results (transformation kinetics and thermomechanical behav

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Chen, J. Z., Liang Zhen, Bao You Zhang, Y. X. Cui, and Sheng Long Dai. "Through-Thickness Microstructure, Texture and Strength Gradients in AA 7055 Rolled Plate." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.957.

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Through-thickness microstructure, texture and mechanical property gradients in the longitudinal section of AA 7055 rolled plate have been investigated using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. Quantitative analysis of the microstructure and texture through the plate thickness was conducted. It was found that the microstructure and texture are obviously non-homogeneous through the plate thickness. From center to surface, more equiaxed grains are observed. As expected, the degree of recrystallization increases with increasing the S value. The grains in the center layer exhibite

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