Academic literature on the topic 'Graduated and licensed architects'

To examine architects' judgments of male and female applicants represented by the information in resumes, 204 architects, 156 men and 48 women, licensed in the state of Connecticut participated in a 2(job level) by 2(sex) between-subjects study. Architects were asked how they would rate applicants' potential (including the decision to hire) and gender-role characteristics judged on the basis of one-page resumes. Architects randomly assigned resumes for one of four evaluation conditions (intern or senior architect; male or female), rated the applicant on seven job-related characteristics, e.g., technical skill, potential for advancement, and completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory as they thought items applied to the applicant. Analysis indicated that male architect respondents were more likely to hire male applicants than female applicants as senior architects and that female applicants were judged to be as masculine-typed as were male applicants.

This investigation sought to determine if Maryland’s new graduated licensing programwas associated with greater levels of parental involvement in, and restriction on, teens’ unsupervised driving. Separate samples of teens with provisional licenses were interviewed by telephone before ( n= 424) and after ( n= 600) the new program took effect. The findings indicated that teens in the new program reported significant increases in the frequency of parental driving instruction and supervised driving during the permit phase. There were no differences in amounts of instruction or supervised driving after provisional licensure. Also, teens in the new program reported greater overall amounts of parental restriction on their driving; however, few specific restrictions showed increases. Programs that encourage parents to regulate, restrict, monitor, and supervise the driving privileges of their teens during their provisional period of licensure are recommended. Graduated licensing laws and programs benefit from specific behavioral interventions targeted to, and implemented by, parents.

The rise of female physicians has provided care to the growing and evolving United States population. According to the 2014 FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians, 32% of actively licensed physicians are female. Less attention, however, has been given to the location of medical school graduation and its association with the growing population of female physicians. This study examines physicians who were issued their first license in the United States by gender and by where they graduated from medical school. Using data from the Federation of State Medical Boards' (FSMB) Physician Data Center, the authors measured the percentage of first-time licenses issued between 1990 and 2014 to females and by where they graduated from medical school — that is, either a United States medical graduate (USMG) or an international medical graduate (IMG). Key findings indicate that between 1990 and 2014, first-time licenses issued to IMG females have increased from 25% to 45% (31% to 47% for USMG females). Furthermore, the percentage of first-time licenses issued to female IMGs increased among international regions with the highest number of licensed physicians in the U.S. The findings support that a greater percentage of first-time licenses issued to IMGs have been to females over the past two and half decades. Analyzing the trend of first-time licenses issued to physicians by gender and location of medical school graduation adds to better understanding the physician pipeline and physicians' transition from medical school to the practicing medical community in the United States.

After Francisco Franco’s death, the process of democratisation of public institutions was a key factor in the evolution of the architectural profession in Spain. The approval of the creation of neighbourhood associations, the first municipal governments, and the modernisation of Spanish universities are some examples of this. Moreover, feminist and environmental activism from some parts of Spanish society was relevant for socio-political change that affected women in particular. The last decade of Franco’s Regime coincided with the first generation of women that graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). From 1964 to 1975, 73 female students graduated as architects—the first one was Margarita Brender Rubira (1919–2000) who validated her degree obtained in Romania in 1962. Some of these women became pioneers in different fields of the architectural profession, such as Roser Amador in architectural design, Alrun Jimeno in building technologies, Anna Bofill in urban design and planning, Rosa Barba in landscape architecture or Pascuala Campos in architectural design, and teaching with gender perspective. This article presents the contributions of these women to the architecture profession in relation to these socio-political advances. It also seeks—through the life stories, personal experiences, and personal visions on professional practice—to highlight those ‘other stories’ that have been left out of the hegemonic historiography of Spanish architecture.

ABSTRACTThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed into law in 2010 and upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court last year, is expected to provide health care coverage to as many as 32 million Americans by 2019. As demand for health care expands, the need for accurate data about the current and future physician workforce will remain paramount. This census of actively licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia represents data received from state medical boards in 2012 by the Federation of State Medical Boards. It demonstrates that the total population of licensed physicians (878,194) has expanded by 3% since 2010, is slightly older, has more women, and includes a substantive increase in physicians who graduated from a medical school in the Caribbean. As state medical boards begin to collect a Minimum Data Set about practicing physicians and their practice patterns in the years ahead, this information will inform decisions by policymakers, regulators and health care market participants to better align health care demand with supply.

Bevk Perović arhitekti was founded by Matija Bevk b. 1972, graduated from Faculty of Architecture University of Ljubljana) and Vasa J. Perović b. 1965, graduated from Faculty of Architecture University of Belgrade, YU; Master's degree from Berlage Institute, Amsterdam). They work, alongside with the international team of 15 young architects, on a diverse range of projects in different European countries. They have been awarded numerous national and international prizes - European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture - Mies van der Rohe Emerging Architect Award, Kunstpreis Berlin, Plečnik Prize, Piranesi Award, and others. In order to understand and comprehend their work, one must examine their 'dedicated choice' to follow conditions in which a building emerges. These conditions range from political and social, to environmental and material their simple, yet complex architectural solutions strive to respond to those conditions beyond bare function. For this publication we have selected two of the most recent finished public buildings: Islamic Religious and Cultural Centre Ljubljana and Neue Galerie und Kasematten / Neue Bastei, Wiener Neustadt 2016 - 2019.

In March 2008 Kees Kaan, of Claus and Kaan Architects, gave his inaugural lecture as Practice Professor of Architectural Design at Delft Technical University – the school from which he graduated in 1987. He explained to his audience that after his student years spent designing imaginary projects he most wanted to design in order to build, to make ‘designs that were thicker than paper’. This was accomplished in 1987–97 in intensive daily co-operation with Felix Claus and then developed over the last decade in their offices in Amsterdam and Rotterdam with new partners. The following is an edited extract from his lecture where, after discussing practice, education, societal interest and the changed architectural market of the Netherlands, he turned to architectural vision, understanding and responsibility.

ABSTRACT There are 985,026 physicians with Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees licensed to practice medicine in the United States and the District of Columbia, according to physician census data compiled by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). These qualified physicians graduated from 2,089 medical schools in 167 countries and are available to serve a U.S. national population of 327,167,434. While the percentage of physicians who are international medical graduates have remained relatively stable over the last eight years, the percentage of physicians who are women, possess a DO degree, have three or more licenses, or are graduates of a medical school in the Caribbean have increased by varying degrees during that same period. This report marks the fifth biennial physician census that the FSMB has published, highlighting key characteristics of the nation's available physician workforce, including numbers of licensees by geographic region and state, type of medical degree, location of medical school, age, gender, specialty certification and number of active licenses per physician. The number of licensed physicians in the United States has been growing steadily, due in part to an expansion in the number of medical schools and students during the past two decades, even as concerns of a physician shortage to meet health care demands persist. The average age of licensed physicians continues to increase, and more licensed physicians appear to be specialty certified, though the latter finding may reflect more comprehensive reporting. This census was compiled using the FSMB's Physician Data Center (PDC), which collects, collates and analyzes physician data directly from the nation's state medical and osteopathic boards and is uniquely positioned to provide a comprehensive snapshot of information about licensed physicians. A periodic national census of this type offers useful demographic and licensure information about the available physician workforce that may be useful to policy makers, researchers and related health care organizations to better understand and address the nation's health care needs.

Abstract: This research aim to understand the implementation of the regulation of licensed cadaster surveyor in The Regional Office of National Land Agency of the North Sumatera Province on the acceleration of land registration. The research using qualitative method by describing the results of observation, interview and data of the implementation of accelerated land registration, specifically on the collectors of physical data (PULDASIK – Pengumpul Data Fisik) of the licensed cadastral surveyor, referring to the Regulation of The Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency Republic of Indonesia Nr. 33 year 2016 and the Regulation of The Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency Nr. 11 year 2017. The results show that: the implementation of the regulation of Licensed Cadastral Surveyor has not been fully implemented, caused by the limitation of: the number of KJSKB and SKB; ASK graduated from D1 PPK-STPN prefer to do apprenticeship so they did not interested in joining KJSKB, and the limitation of financial capability of the KJSKB/SKB. The implementation of the regulation of Licensed Cadastral Surveyor also inhibited by the requirements mentioned on the regulation itself. Moreover, the competency and quality of the SKB is noticed as above the standard, and have unprofessional work ethic. It is recommended to increase the acceptance of Licensed Cadastral Surveyor, and those who already passed the test should forming KJSKB and improve their professionalism by acquiring certificate of competence when they follow the examination to obtain the license. Intisari: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi regulasi tentang Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi di Kantor Wilayah Badan Pertanahan Nasional Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam percepatan pendaftaran tanah. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan dideskriptifkan berdasarkan pengamatan, interview, dan data pelaksanaan percepatan pendaftaran tanah khusus pengumpul data fisik (PULDASIK) Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi dengan berpedoman pada Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 dan Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2017. Diperoleh hasil bahwa implementasi regulasi tentang Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi belum dijalankan sepenuhnya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh keterbatasan jumlah KJSKB dan SKB, ASK lulusan D1 PPK-STPN lebih menyukai magang sehingga tidak mau bergabung dengan KJSKB dan keterbatasan modal keuangan yang dimiliki KJSKB/SKB. Pelaksanakan regulasi Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi juga terhambat oleh persyaratan yang ada di dalam regulasi Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi, kualitas kompetensi SKB rendah, serta sikap kerja tidak profesional. Maka untuk itu direkomendasikan meningkatkan jumlah penerimaan Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi dan yang telah lulus ujian lisensi untuk segera membentuk KJSKB dan meningkatkan profesionalisme Surveyor Kadaster Berlisensi dengan melengkapi sertipikat kompetensi saat ujian memperoleh lisensi.

Trata do tema da higiene da habitação urbana paulista. Objetiva analisar em fontes documentais originais como a moradia foi incluída nas iniciativas governamentais estadual e municipal - para melhorar o estado sanitário da cidade de Campinas/SP, entre 1880 e 1934. Trabalha com a hipótese de que as medidas tomadas pelo governo de São Paulo e pela municipalidade, no final do século XIX, sob a organização do regime republicano e para combater as epidemias de febre amarela, estiveram fundamentadas nos princípios do urbanismo sanitarista europeu, que foram sistematizados na legislação sanitária estadual e edilícia municipal, embasando as práticas relacionadas à higiene das habitações e orientando a atividade edificativa em Campinas. Analisa o panorama da construção civil em Campinas por meio do procedimento administrativo que autorizou as licenças para construção de moradias, que foi formalizado na legislação edilícia e organizado na Repartição de Obras, identificando os protagonistas na concepção e na análise dos requerimentos e dos projetos arquitetônicos. Verifica que a expressiva maioria das obras foi conduzida por construtores não diplomados, sem formação acadêmica nas escolas tradicionais de engenharia e arquitetura, mas que foram licenciados conforme a normativa que estabeleceu a regulamentação profissional. Conclui que essa normativa municipal, atendendo aos preceitos da legislação sanitária estadual e dando suporte ao aparato sanitarista, foi decisiva para promover reformas e orientar a construção de novas habitações em Campinas/SP, ao estabelecer a obediência às determinações técnicas de aspecto, de solidez e de higiene, principalmente relacionadas à impermeabilização, à insolação e ao arejamento das edificações urbanas.<br>The theme of this thesis is the hygiene of urban housing of São Paulo state. It objectives to analyze, based on original documentary sources, how it was included in government initiatives - state and local - to improve sanitary conditions of the city of Campinas/SP, between 1880 and 1934. It works with the hypothesis that, the measures taken by São Paulos government and by the municipality - in the late nineteenth century - under the republican regimes organization and to fight yellow fever epidemics, were based on the European principles of sanitarian urbanism, which were organized in sanitary and constructive legislation, providing input to practices related to housing hygiene and guiding Campinas building activity. Examines construction scenery in Campinas through the administrative procedure that authorized permits for housing edification, which was formalized in constructive legislation and organized in the municipality, identifying the protagonists in the conception and analysis of requirements and architectural projects. It verifies that the significant majority of the work was conducted by non-graduated constructors, without academic degree in traditional schools of engineering and architecture, however were licensed according to rules that established the professional regulation. It concludes that these municipal rules, taking into account state laws provisions and supporting the sanitary apparatus, was decisive to promote reforms and guidance for the construction of new private urban houses in Campinas/SP, when establishes obedience to aspect, solidity and hygiene technical determinations, mainly related to buildings waterproofing, insolation and ventilation.

Esta tese aborda o panorama da construção civil em Campinas, São Paulo, entre fins do século XIX e as três primeiras décadas do século XX, trazendo à tona a produção material de construtores não diplomados, então enquadrados pela legislação como arquitetos licenciados. Apesar de sua intensa atividade, da permanência material de suas obras e da existência de referências documentais do conjunto edificado, tais obras chegaram aos dias de hoje sem autoria conhecida, atribuídas, assim, a construtores anônimos. Uma das vias propostas para discussão baseia-se na análise da extensa documentação reunida no Arquivo Municipal de Campinas, visto que os processos tramitados para obtenção de licenças para construir ou reformar, com respectivos desenhos técnicos, revelam-se exemplares não só da grande atuação que os licenciados tiveram no período mas também da qualidade técnica e formal de suas obras. Por outro lado, propõe-se averiguar como tais licenciados se inseriram, à época, no mercado campineiro da construção civil, revelando os primeiros embates pela regulamentação da profissão e as decorrentes tentativas de desqualificação desses profissionais por parte dos diplomados. Por fim, partindo da cidade real, expressa tanto materialmente quanto na documentação arquivística e aproximando a discussão a problemas contemporâneos, a tese propõe-se a mapear o movimento das ideias e a atuação das personagens envolvidas com a questão da história, da arquitetura e do patrimônio cultural. Pretende-se, com isso, verificar a repercussão do esquecimento desses construtores na historiografia, nas pesquisas acadêmicas e práticas preservacionistas do município e averiguar quais foram os processos e/ou motivos que levaram à reiteração desse esquecimento, dessa vez por meio da consolidação de uma visão monumental e alegórica do patrimônio cultural de Campinas.<br>This dissertation discusses the building scenery in Campinas City, São Paulo State, Brazil, between the late 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century. It reveals the production of builders who were not graduated, known by that time as licensed architects. Despite their intense activity, the permanence of their works through time and the existence of archives that document their projects, the licensed architects works are nowadays taken as undetermined authorship. Thus, they are assigned to anonymous builders. This study proposes, on the one hand, a discussion based on the analysis of the extensive documentation located at the Municipal Archive of Campinas. This documentation is composed by building and renovating permit applications, with technical drawings, that reveal not only the extensive production of the licensed architects, but also their works technical and formal qualities. On the other hand, the study investigates licensed architects insertion the construction field. It reveals the first battles towards professional regulation and the consequent disqualification of the licensed by the graduated architects. Finally, from the perspective of the built city, expressed both by its material dimension and by archival documentation, and bringing the discussion to contemporary issues, this work aims to map the movement of the ideas and the actions of the involved actors, relating them to the issues of history, architecture and cultural heritage. Thereby, it intends to verify the echoes of those constructors oblivion within historiography, academic researches and municipal preservation policies. It also intends to investigate the processes and/or reasons that led to the reiteration of this oblivion through the consolidation of a monumental and allegoric perspective of Campinas cultural heritage.