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1
Hatch, Wendy E. "The experience of unemployment for university graduates under 25 years of age." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25421.
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An exploratory study was conducted to discover significant events and feelings attached to those events during the experience of unemployment for university graduates under 25 years of age. Twelve university graduates of mixed sex, under the age of 25 were interviewed. The phenomenological/critical incident methodology adapted by Amundson and Borgen (1984) was utilized. The experience was found to be comprised of two segments: the initial holiday period, and the downward trend. Idiosyncratically occurring positive and negative critical incidents were identified. Job search activities were found to be most closely aligned with middle class professionals rather than less educated youth findings. The subjects were found to channel their energy into new areas of interest and activity, particularly further education in spite of feelings of disillusionment. These results may aid counsellors in understanding the experience of unemployed university graduates, and lead to more effective therapeutic interventions for this population.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Agbai, Edward Perekebina. "Pathways to Entrepreneurship Training Towards Addressing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5153.
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The inadequacy of entrepreneurial knowledge among 21-25 year olds in Nigeria with recent undergraduate degrees has led to youth unemployment after graduating from universities. The development of entrepreneurship skills through entrepreneurship education programs for the students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria may bridge the unemployment gap. Guided by the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to gain a robust common understanding of how undergraduates from 21-25 years old can obtain the entrepreneurial knowledge required for self-employment in Nigeria. Data collection involved semistructured interviews, field notes, and archived training documents, with a purposeful sample of 15 undergraduate degree holders over 21 years old, who had been self-employed, in different industries and possessed entrepreneurial knowledge and experiences. Using Yin's 5 step data analysis process, member checking, and triangulation resulted in the emergence of codes, themes, and categories. The key themes were knowledge of business management, identification of business opportunities, information from workshop and seminars, information from social media and customer service, information on innovation, and mentor and mentee relationship. The findings from this study provide the empirical evidence needed to support entrepreneurship education as well as insight on tertiary institutions' commitment to entrepreneurship education that may lead to the creation of employment and empowers entrepreneurs towards national growth and development. The implications for positive social change include reshaping the way undergraduates prepare for self-employment, leading to a reduction of unemployment among youths in Nigeria.
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Kaparykha, Kanstantin. "Vývoj vzdělanosti populace ČR v letech 1998-2012: problémy a doporučení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206158.
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The diploma thesis deals with the formulation of the concept of education, examines the development of education in the time between the years 1998-2012 in the context of international research on adult skills (PIAAC and SIALS). The work includes analysis of the dependence of unemployment of graduates without school-leaving certificate (maturita) on the number of university graduates. Furthermore, this thesis provides a number of recommendations to improve the educational system of the Czech Republic in the direction of higher education of its participants and better employability of secondary school graduates on the Czech labor market.
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Mungule, Maureen. "An exploration of the perceptions of young unemployed graduates in Lusaka, Zambia, of the factors contributing to their unemployment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23405.
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Among the problems that youth face, youth unemployment is more pronounced (Moleke, 2005; Annamária, 2013). Exclusion of youth from participating in the economy affects their wellbeing, and that of society. The objective of this study was, therefore, to explore the perceptions of young unemployed graduates in Lusaka, Zambia, of the factors contributing to their unemployment. To achieve the objective of the study, a qualitative research study was conducted with 20 unemployed tertiary level youth graduates in the field of humanities and arts studies. A qualitative study helped to gain an understanding on how the unemployed youth graduates interpreted their daily experiences and the meaning they gave to their status of being unemployed. Meanwhile, Tesch's eight-step approach for data analysis was employed. The study revealed that although the participants were actively job-seeking, a mis-match between their qualification and labour market skills demand; dependence on a formal or public sector post; lack of career guidance; lack of work experience; lack of social connections in the labour market; lack of merit based job recruitment practices which then promoted nepotism and corruption; lack of employment opportunities due to low levels of economic growth and high retirement age policy; and the unsuccessful government policies and programmes to promote self–employment through entrepreneurship skills and start-up capital for selfemployment, were believed by the graduate participants to be the factors contributing to graduate youth unemployment. The study also revealed that exclusion of youth from employment affects the social and economic wellbeing of not only the unemployed youth themselves but also their family. In this study, it was further revealed that the youth, the government, and the NGOs and the private sector, have roles to play in promoting youth graduate employment. The researcher in this study recommended that there was a need for youth graduates to be willing to venture into self-employment, to continue to demand for their right to employment opportunities from various stakeholders, to take responsibility to inform themselves about the existing government programmes and projects that relate to their employment, and to seek career guidance before embarking on their studies. On the part of government, they were to sensitize the graduate youth on and promote access to programmes that promoted youth employment, to provide and promote equal access to employment opportunities in all the sectors of the economy, to improve the macro-economic policies to attract foreign investment, to promote economic growth, to be able to conduct monitoring and evaluation of internship programmes, and to inculcate an entrepreneurship spirit and skills in the youth of the country. The NGOs and the private sector needed to continue playing their role of promoting and also providing employment for the youth through empowerment and providing skills development opportunities through internships, and to improve partnership with government.
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Calloway, J'Quita Payne. "Jobs for America's Graduates: A school-to-career program." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5294/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine a school-to-career program created and operated by a non-profit organization called Jobs for America's Graduates, Inc. (JAG). During the school year 2003-2004, they provided this service to 12,205 students in 426 schools and 21 states. Data was collected to measure the following: (a) were they successful in helping students graduate from high school, find a career, enter postsecondary education or the military; (b) how many of the youth were still employed 12 months after graduation; and (c) did school demographic and socioeconomic factors affect JAG's performance. JAG is a 25 year old organization that works with at-risk youth to help them graduate from high school and move into gainful employment, further education or the military. They provide students with nine months of in school instruction, mentoring, career connections and 12 months of follow-up service. Data was collected by job specialists through job placement reports and 12 month follow-up reports. School demographic and socioeconomic information was collected via the Internet. This study discovered that JAG students are graduating from high school at levels well above the national rates, attaining 90% graduation rather than the average of 68% (Swanson, 2004a). A year after graduation the data revealed similar good news: 25% were enrolled in college, 5% in the military and 55% were working full time. Another interesting revelation showed that neither high school socioeconomic or demographic factor affected the high school graduation rate for JAG participants, which is contrary to most current research.
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Nsenduluka, Mukupa. "Graduate job search activity in Zambia: a social capital analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12917.
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There is much to be said about the use of social capital in the job search patterns of graduates, however, little is researched on the use of social capital as a job search strategy. Despite the years of research that acknowledges the critical role social capital plays in determining job search outcomes, little to no research has been done to specifically understand the different ways in which graduates utilize their social capital (family, friends and acquaintances) to look for work. Human capital theory posits that education is the greatest determinant of employment in a labour market system that that awards educational credentials with occupational attainment. However, the reality is that a large number of Zambian graduates are jobless despite being educated. This study, therefore seeks to analyse the high levels of graduate unemployment from lternative theories of social capital and the job search. Knowing the different ways social capital expresses itself in graduate job search patterns provides possible solutions and a different perspective to addressing the high levels of graduate unemployment in Zambia. This study adopted a qualitative case study research design and made use of the snow ball sampling approach. Fifteen semistructured interviews were conducted and findings and emerging themes analysed in response to the central question, “how does social capital express itself in graduate job search patterns in Lusaka, Zambia?”. Through extensive thematic analyses, the researcher finds that there are eight ways in which graduates utilize their social capital to look for work and overcome challenges of the job search. This demonstrates that social capital can be a useful and beneficial job search strategy to adopt in a labour market system where educational credentials alone do not guarantee graduates successful job search outcomes.
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Papadopoulou, Maria. "Tertiary education and employment : Exploring the relationship between tertiary education, employment and overqualification across the EU." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158436.
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The dominant human capital theory-based perspective that education is crucial for economic success and employment has affected national and regional policies in education and employment worldwide. The present thesis critically assesses the target for increased number of tertiary education graduates in the current EU agenda for growth and employment (Europe 2020 Strategy). This target presumes that employment is positively related with tertiary education qualifications, and that there is an increasing demand for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. Based on Eurostat data, our findings indicate that (i) more public spending on tertiary education does not seem to be associated with higher employment rates of graduates in the EU countries; (ii) in more than half of the EU28 member states, unemployment rates are not related with increased number of graduates; (iii) in most of the remaining EU countries, the increase in graduates is associated with higher graduates’ unemployment rates; (iv) increased number of tertiary education graduates relates with higher overqualification rates in the majority of the EU countries. These results accord with previous studies which find that investment in education alone is inadequate to explain complex socio-economic phenomena, such as graduates’ employment/unemployment. Moreover, they further support previous research works, which question the proclaimed increased need for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. This, in turn, suggests that common European policies which target at increasing horizontally the number of graduates may further deteriorate the existing problem of overqualification in the EU. Without downplaying the importance of education and skills in employment, the current thesis contemplates that the disproportionate emphasis on the role of tertiary education in employment may falsely cultivate the perception that education per se can be the main solution for unemployment. Thus, it is likely to conceal the wider socio-economic reasons that influence a person’s ability to find, secure and advance in his/her job. Last, but not least, this perspective narrows down the role of tertiary education confining it to economic and employment purposes.
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Alfalih, Abdulaziz. "Labour flexibility : an analysis of the future trajectory of the employment of female graduates in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/612317.
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Debates on flexible employment and labour persist in most Western market economies, while being largely absent regarding Saudi Arabia. Increasing unemployment among qualified Saudi citizens remains a major concern, particularly for females, despite a government policy of Saudisation. Notwithstanding incentives for prioritising Saudi citizens, foreign nationals dominate private sector employment. Few empirical studies consider the factors impacting employment of educated Saudi women: further, there are hardly any robust frameworks which offer policy makers, employers, and those championing the employment of this group a clear set of plausible guidelines bearing in mind the socioeconomic context of Saudi Arabia. The research aims, first and foremost, to examine how far "labour flexibility" in Saudi Arabia offers solutions to unemployment among educated Saudi females, exploring interalia the main institutions and regulatory framework of the Saudi labour market, and the effectiveness of these in managing the relationship between employers and employees. It also examines the major labour market and employment policy concerns of government, employers and employees, considering flexible employment forms in Saudi Arabia, and in what context employers and employees do or would consider flexible employment. Following on from this, the second aim is to develop a conceptual framework on key factors impacting the participation of educated Saudi females in the Saudi labour market. The framework that emerges from these analyses also provides some guidance for graduate women who seek labour market entry and participation. iii The study employed quantitative and qualitative methodologies, with targeted participants, returning 1347 usable questionnaires (41% response) augmented by 28 semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data underwent statistical examination by performing descriptive and inferential analysis on the SPSS software, and qualitative data were analysed using summative content analysis. A conceptual framework was developed and validated through interviews with ten representatives of the interviewed sample population, who held senior positions. To improve understanding of key influencing factors for educated women’s participation in the Saudi labour market for key stakeholders. The six factors identified were personal, socio-cultural, educational, legal/political, organisational and economic. The study identifies a relationship between increased flexible work patterns and increased employment of educated Saudi females and suggests a relationship between the challenges Saudi females face within employment practices and numbers employed in the labour market. Similarly, a relationship exists between educational level and employment chances for Saudi women. Recommendations are proffered to the Saudi Government, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Education, industrial sector, organisations, researchers and academia.
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Cockshott, Christopher. ""I just hope this isn't the end" : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of unemployment in university graduates with common mental health issues." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2046259/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to conduct an exploratory investigation into what it is like to be an unemployed university graduate with common mental health issues (i.e., depression and anxiety) from a qualitative and phenomenological perspective using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Semi-structured interviews with 12 Bachelor's degree graduates in their twenties, who have common mental health issues and have been unemployed between five and 24 months, led to the development of the three master themes of Fall from Grace, Vulnerability and Angst. These findings are explored using a range of theoretical perspectives to demonstrate the devastating impact that unemployment has on these graduates. It constitutes a developmental-existential life-crisis where they are unable to complete their rite of passage into social adulthood, leaving them vulnerable to becoming entrenched in their mental health-related difficulties and less able to overcome their unemployment. The practical implications of this work and suggestions for further research are also discussed.
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Polesná, Pavlína. "Uplatnění absolventů VŠ na trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206041.
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This thesis deals with the application of university graduates in the labor market. The main aim of this thesis is to find out how graduates apply for the job market, and propose any recommendations to enhance their employability. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is based on the knowledge from literature and defines the basic concepts and theoretical basis related to the labor market and graduates of university. The practical part contains an analysis of a questionnaire survey conducted among university graduates. The final part summarizes the results of the survey and includes recommendations, which should help to improve their employability in the labor market.
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Ulrychová, Helena. "Vzdělanostní struktura trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-82010.
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Education is an important component of social and economic development and an essential factor that affects the classification of each individual in society. This diploma is focused on a connection of educational system and labour market. The theoretical part deals with educational system and the vision of educational policy which should reflect the social demands in the long term. The educational system is directly connected with the labour market. Graduates who come on the market to find their place are specific group. The supply is mainly based on achieved level of education and a field of study. Demand for their skills is not often in accordance with the offer and endangers their chances of success. The objective of the diploma is to analyse regional labour market of graduates in the district of Nymburk. The survey between students and pupils of high schools in the region was an unnecessary part of its work. This survey should have shown motives of choice of studied subject and approach of future graduates in terms of searching for a very first and further jobs in their career.
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Mandyoli, Bulelwa Beauty. "The role of social entrepreneurship in graduate employability in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2643.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration (Entrepreneurship)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Graduates face challenges to secure relevant employment; even worse, obtaining a qualification does not guarantee employment or employability. The labour market no longer only searches for a qualification but also for a set of skills. Graduates are required to improve upon proficiencies that would qualify for positive performance and would benefit the employer to use for business purposes. In addition, scarcities of expertise, besides working environment knowledge, indicate that businesses are unwilling to employ graduates, hiring more experienced people as an option. This research has studied the developing concept of social entrepreneurship; but principally examined the context in which social entrepreneurship can be used to improve graduate employability. A quantitative method was used with the help of a structured questionnaire in order to achieve a high level of reliability in relation to data analysis. The subjects for this research comprised 187 social entrepreneurs who are formally registered as non-profit organisations within Cape Town, and are registered on the Western Cape Charity South Africa database. The data collected for this study were analysed and illustrated using tables, bars and pie charts. It is hoped that this study will not merely add to the knowledge of social business enterprise, but also disclose the likely roles that social entrepreneurs can play to improve graduate employability.
National Research Foundation(NRF)
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Výmolová, Lenka. "Zaměstnanost absolventů VŠ v ČR a jejich možnosti k lepšímu uplatnění na trhu práce 2015 – 2016." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358799.
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This diploma thesis deals with the issue of employability of university graduates in the Czech Republic and the possibilities they have to improve their prospects on the labour market. The text analyses specific factors affecting the employability of graduates and it also provides an outlook on the situation from the employer's point of view. Research method used is the questionnaire survey that analyses the most important requirements of the companies. Second part of the research focuses on the university graduates, analyses their work experience and extracurricular activities and how beneficial that can be in finding a new job position. The aim of the thesis is to asses current situation of the university graduates in connection with the requirements of the employers. The diploma thesis confirmed that having a work experience during university significantly helps to find an employment in the future. The last part of the thesis also provides suggestions to improve the current situation of university graduates.
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Van, de Rheede Taryn Joy. "Graduate unemployment in South Africa: extent, nature and causes." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4497.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe South African economy faces a challenging socio-economic problem of high and persistent unemployment since the transition. Looking at the unemployment problem in greater perspective, numerous studies found that it is most serious amongst the youth. Since the beginning of the 2000s, a few studies focused particularly on youth and graduate unemployment, but there has been a lack of research in this area in recent years. Hence, this dissertation aims to fill some gap in the available research by investigating the extent, nature and causes of graduate unemployment in South Africa. This study firstly defined the relevant concepts and discussed some theories relevant to graduate unemployment, before reviewing the results of the past studies on the nature and extent of graduate unemployment. Thereafter, the possible causes were investigated, such as lack of experience, lack of soft skills, skills mismatch, poor quality of education of the graduates, discrimination by employers, etc. Graduate unemployment in India, China and Europe were also considered, and it was found that graduate unemployment was not in a unique problem in South Africa. The study proceeded with an analysis the Statistics South Africa 1995-2010 labour survey data and conducted more up-to-date statistical analyses of the profile of graduate unemployed. The results showed that the characteristics of unemployed graduates were, in general, the same as what was found by the previous studies, as graduate unemployed were more likely to be female and black, aged 15-34 years at the time of the survey, residing in Gauteng, with only post-Matric certificates or diplomas, and graduating from the fields of Business /Commerce / Management, and Education / Training / Development. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was also applied, and the results indicated that employment discrimination against black graduates was very likely, after controlling for differences in demographic and educational attainment blacks and whites. Hence, the results of the empirical analysis showed that graduate unemployment persists. Finally, graduate employment elasticity coefficients and employment absorption rates were derived by educational attainment category, and the results showed that although graduate unemployment is clearly less serious than unemployment in other educational categories, the labour demand for graduates is not rapid enough to absorb all the graduates.
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Olutuase, Samuel Oladipo. "Modelling the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial mindset, skill and intentions: Empiraical evidence from undergraduates in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6280.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Business and Finance)Entrepreneurial firms, entrepreneurial capital, entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurial economy are a few terminologies that have emerged since the resurgence of entrepreneurship, arising from the 1990's entrepreneurial revolution in the United States of America. Entrepreneurship education, a paradigm shift from the conventional, has been identifies as being critical to fostering entrepreneurship, building entrepreneurial capital, growing entrepreneurial economy and ultimately delivering sustainable economic growth and developmend for any nation - emerging or developed. From America to Africa, entrepreneurship modules with varies objectives and designs have multiplied in the last decade.
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Svobodová, Lucie. "DOPAD VÝVOJE EKONOMIKY V LETECH 2005 - 2012 NA POSTAVENÍ ZNEVÝHODNĚNÝCH SKUPIN OBYVATELSTVA NA ČESKÉM TRHU PRÁCE." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199540.
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The paper examines the status of selected disadvantaged groups in the Czech labour market in 2005-2012. The main goal of this paper is to test the hypothesis that these disadvantaged groups respond to changes in Czech GDP more sensitive than the general unemployment rate. This thesis describes the development of general unemployment rate and selected disadvantaged groups in studied period. The main hypothesis is verified using regression analysis performed on the time series. Empirical investigation, realized in this work, confirm this hypothesis in a group of graduates and persons at age 15-24. For persons with disabilities and persons at age 50-74 failed to confirm the hypothesis.
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Jiroušková, Radka. "Proces vstupu na trh práce absolventů středních škol, zapojení škol a zaměstnavatelů do tohoto procesu v Karlovarském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198400.
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Diploma thesis analyzes the process of school-to-work transition in theory and practice. The practical part focuses on the specifics in the Czech Republic and the Karlovy Vary region. The aim is to assess the links between high schools and their students / graduates and employers in the region and the environment in which they interact. The main contribution of this work is to analyze the problem on the example of the Karlovy Vary region through pilot verification and define the main characteristics and deficiencies in the school-to-work transtition process. The main weaknesses of this process are insufficient work habits and working experiences of graduates, improperly selected field of study, lack of interest in studying and low motivation to work. To improve the situation should help to strengthen the links between secondary schools, students / graduates and employers and increasing the involvement of employers in education as is the case in the dual education system.
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Víchová, Šárka. "ZRANITELNÉ SKUPINY OBYVATELSTVA NA ČESKÉM TRHU PRÁCE SE ZVLÁŠTNÍM ZŘETELEM NA POSTAVENÍ MLÁDEŽE." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199506.
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The aim of the thesis is an analysis of vulnerable groups of population in the Czech labour market, focusing on their characteristics, causes of their riskiness and proposed solutions. The theoretical part of the thesis includes evaluation of the role of The Bureau of Labour and temporary help agencies in mediation of employment to individuals at risk. In the empirical part of the thesis, which is aiming at the group of people under 25 years of age and graduates, the development of youth unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU member states is analysed on the basis of evaluation of Eurostat statistical data. To determine the profile of the aforementioned group and to confirm or refute the presumed causes of riskiness of this group (mentioned in theoretical part), a questionnaire survey has been conducted through The Bureau of Labour in the three regions of the Czech Republic. The benefit of this thesis is recommendation of appropriate policy to remedy the unsatisfactory position of youth in the labour market. From the methodological point of view a method of analysis of statistical data, a method of comparison, a method of structured interviews with experts and questionnaire survey has been used.
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Dudová, Jitka. "Nezaměstnanost absolventů vybraných vysokých škol v České republice v letech 2012 – 2016 ve vazbě na žebříčky vysokých škol." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359538.
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The aim of this work is the description of the unemployment of graduates from selected universities in the Czech Republic between 2012 to 2016 and compare the unemployment of graduates across the fields of study. This work will be split into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part will describe the labor market, unemployment, the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic, the legislation on labor market in the Czech Republic, active and passive policy of unemployment and the status of the graduate in the labor market. In the practical part, it will be compared to the unemployment rate of university graduates in custody on the rankings of universities in the Czech Republic. The end of practical part will be based on the survey analysis of work experience and work involvement of students of master's degree at selected universities in the Czech Republic and will be compared with the development of graduate unemployment in the years 2012 to 2016 across the fields of study.
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Pospěchová, Michaela. "Analýza možností zvýšení atraktivity absolventů VŠE v Praze na trhu práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264206.
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The thesis focuses on analysing the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of graduates of the University of Economics Prague (VŠE) in the labour market. It maps the opportunities for enhancing the knowledge and skills beyond the scope of the regular instruction. The theoretical part among others includes an overview of the historical development of the number of university graduates and their employability in different fields. Furthermore, it focuses on the interpretation of selected theories of career management, the topic of career development and the career management skills, the so called new careers and new psychological contracts (all in relation to university graduates). The empirical part includes the analysis of students potential activities that may play a role in their entry in the labour market. The empirical investigation was carried out focused on the expectations of employers in relation to graduates and to what extent do employers take into account graduates previous activities for acquiring knowledge and skills beyond the scope of their studies. The results of the work are the practical recommendations for students / alumni of VŠE justified on the basis of the analysis.
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Lahiouel, Ridha. "Mutations démographiques et emploi : le cas des étudiants du Sud-Est tunisien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100110/document.
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En Tunisie, la massification et la démocratisation de l’enseignement supérieur ont explosé le nombre de diplômés qui éprouvent des difficultés d’insertion professionnelle depuis le début des années 1980, cette conjoncture a été l’un des principaux déclencheurs de la révolution du 14 janvier 2011.Comme dans plusieurs des pays, l’origine du chômage des diplômés tunisiens réside essentiellement dans le déphasage entre les formations (investissement en capital humain) et les besoins des entreprises (l’investissement en matière d’emploi).Ce phénomène ne manque pas d’avoir des conséquences sociodémographiques importantes. En effet, les individus en difficulté d’insertion sont souvent victimes d’un sentiment de marginalisation, voire d’exclusion, notamment des transactions matrimoniales (retard de leur date de mise en couple qui aura des conséquences sur la fécondité). Les diplômés développent alors des stratégies pour échapper au chômage tels que l’émigration, la poursuite des études surtout pour les filles ou la création d’entreprises si la situation financière le permet.L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier et à comprendre les interactions entre l’emploi et les phénomènes démographiquesIn Tunisia, the massification and democratization of higher education have exploded the number of graduates who have employability problems since the early 1980s, this situation was one of the main triggers of the Revolution of January 14, 2011. As in many countries, causing the unemployment Tunisian graduates lies essentially in the phase shift between training (human capital investment), and business needs (investment in employment). This phenomenon does not fail to have significant sociodemographic consequences. Indeed, individuals with insertion difficulties often experience a sense of marginalization or exclusion, including matrimonial transactions (delay their date of couple formation will affect fertility). Graduates eek to developing strategies to escape unemployment to escape unemployment such as emigration, further education especially for girls or business creation if the financial situation allows.The objective of this thesis is to study and understand the interactions between employment and demographic phenomena
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"Graduate unemployment in South Africa’s banking sector." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11215.
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M. Com. (Development Economics)In recent years unemployment has received considerable international attention from scholars, policy makers, and labour practitioners, because it has reduced economic welfare, reduced output, and eroded human capital. Researchers argue that South Africa is faced with structural unemployment because of the insufficient demand for low-skilled resources and the sufficient demand for highly skilled resources. However, in terms of highly skilled resources, young South Africans have become better educated over the last decade, resulting in a significant growth in the size of the graduate labour force. This growth emanates particularly from the fact that the majority of the graduate labour force has completed their tertiary education. Despite this growth, graduate unemployment appears to be rising along with the overall unemployment rate. The aim of this study is to sensitise policy authorities to the impact of graduate unemployment on the economy by highlighting the perceived causes of graduate unemployment in South Africa’s banking sector. The research was conducted with the aid of a survey administered to two groups, namely a graduate group and a human resource (HR) manager group. The result derived from the research shows that the quality of tertiary institutions which relates to educational standards and culture, the quality of education, high expectations, a shortage of skills, a lack of work experience, and a lengthy process of application and job search are perceived to be the possible causes of graduate unemployment in South Africa. The study makes several tentative recommendations relating to what can possibly be done to reduce graduate unemployment. Among the recommendations proposed are the improvement of the quality of education and institutions, a well-planned career guidance mechanism, and a graduate recruitment subsidy.
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Makhuvele, Meskina. "The impact of unemployment on university graduates in Ward 13 of Makhado Municipality, Limpopo Province." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/997.
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古芸嘉. "Estimating the Determinants of the Employment Probability and Unemployment Duration for College Graduates in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10458058603590179049.
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Magagula, Busisiwe. "An exploration into the social support systems of unemployed graduates." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23303.
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Young people are often expected to find employment after completing their tertiary qualifications but they often face various challenges in finding employment. These challenges may be due to a variety of factors such as the type of qualification that they hold, structural changes in the economy, lack of skills and experience and the lack of relevant social networks. Furthermore, the current economic climate is characterised by low absorption rates of labour in the economy, poverty and inequalities. As such young graduates may experience various negative effects as a result of their unemployment, such as isolation, depression, decreased self-esteem, dependency, discontentment, loneliness, loss of social status and poverty. Social support has been found to have a buffering effect on people experiencing adverse life events such as unemployment. The focus of this current study was therefore to explore the social support experiences of graduates in the township of Mamelodi. This research study was a qualitative, interpretative phenomenological study. Snowballing sampling and purposive sampling were used to obtain research participants who attained tertiary qualifications. Smaller samples of between 6 and10 participants are commonly used in interpretative phenomenological studies. As such, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was then used to extract themes from the participant interviews. The participant interviews indicated that the participants experienced a lack of finance as the most significant challenge during their unemployment, as they could not support themselves and their families. The participants experienced social support in the form of encouragement and information about possible employment opportunities from their family, friends, intimate partners and their community. Moreover, the analysis of the participants’ interviews demonstrated that social support, especially from the family, was essential for the unemployed graduates to cope with the negative effects of unemployment, even though they did not want to burden their families with the responsibility of providing them with social support.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Ching-Long, Hsiao, and 蕭錦龍. "The Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between College Graduates'''''''' Job Search Behavior and Unemployment Duration in Taiwan." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40330049758015836270.
Full text
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"An investigation on the experiences, causes and consequences of unemployment amongst Graduate Youths in Ga-Kgapane, Limpopo Province of South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7842.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)All around the world, graduate youths are experiencing increasing high number of unemployment, compared to older people of the labour force. This rising rate of unemployment amongst graduate youths has been noticed since the global financial crisis. In South Africa, youth unemployment is on the rise, which leads to social, economic and political challenges. Graduate youth unemployment is crippling the economy of South Africa. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the experiences, causes and consequences of unemployment amongst graduate youth in Ga-Kgapane Limpopo province of South Africa, with an objective to provide concrete recommendations on the ways in which the public and private sectors can tackle challenges of graduate youth unemployment. In the study, a qualitative approach was used to collect data and to analyse data. 13 participants who met the criteria was selected using purposive sampling.
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Mncayi, Nombulelo Precious. "The determinants of employment status of young graduates from a South African University." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/17038.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a debate regarding the extent of graduate unemployment in South
Africa and how it has affected the youth. The main focus of this study was therefore
to identify the determinants of employment status among graduates, particularly the
length of unemployment endured by young graduates in South Africa. The focus on
graduates was necessary, given the understanding that once one has a university
degree, the opportunities to get a job are assumed to be high. It was also on the
premise of the substantial resources that are invested in higher education with the
hope of a higher return. The objectives of the study were categorised into theoretical
and empirical. The theoretical objectives were: to define unemployment and
graduate unemployment, review literature on various types of unemployment,
conduct a review on the problem of youth unemployment from a global, regional and
South African perspective, review the trend of graduate unemployment in South
Africa, and evaluate the factors that affect graduate unemployment.
The empirical objectives were: to determine the average time it takes a graduate to
find employment measured in months, assess if the employed graduates are
employed in their fields of study, determine if degree choice plays a significant role in
the employment prospects of graduates and to establish the personal and social
economic factors that determine the employment status of graduates in South Africa.
In achieving these objectives, a quantitative research method was adopted. The
study used 233 questionnaires collected via an online survey that was circulated to
the alumni database of the university in question. The study employed descriptive,
cross tabulation and a regression analysis to achieve the set empirical objectives.
The study had a well-balanced gender distribution with females making up 58% of
the sample and males 42%. The average time it took graduates in the sample to find
employment after graduation was seven months. Further analysis revealed that out
of the graduates that were employed, more than 70% were employed in their fields
of study with about 27% in jobs that they did not study for. Additional analysis to
determine the state of the graduate’s current job showed that many of them were in
jobs below their desired field, suggesting a problem of under-employment.
The results from the regression analysis indicated that age, race, field of study,
major module and job searching skills were significant predictors of unemployment
length. Religion, gender, and marital status were not significant in this regard. The
study indicated that 11.2% of the surveyed graduates were unemployed and the
majority were between the age of 21 and 24, implying that young graduates are
more likely to be unemployed than their older counterparts. Many of those who were
unemployed had qualifications in Humanities with majors in the arts subjects. The
average job waiting period was also found to be the highest for graduates with these
arts majors. An analysis was also done on the perceptions about graduate unemployment. The results showed that surveyed graduates perceived the lack of job market information, lack of job experience and not having political connections as some of the factors that influence graduate unemployment. In contrast, age, race, self-confidence and higher education institution attended were perceived as factors not having any influence on unemployment among graduates.
The study therefore concluded that the most important factors affecting graduate
unemployment are qualifications and majors held by graduates, which seem not to
be aligned with labour market requirements. This provides an opportunity for higher
education institutions to collaborate with the government and private sector to bridge
the gap that exists in academia and the world of work. Further analysis can be done
on a broader scale by increasing the sample size and doing the same study at
several universities in Gauteng.
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Anastasiadis, Katerina. "The Case of high unemployment among young post-secondary graduates in Greece and the context of the Greek fiscal crisis." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4270.
Full textAbstract:
This research focuses on an issue that has persisted in Greece over recent decades – long-term youth unemployment. The issue has worsened in the last few years, however, in particular following unprecedented historical times caused by a worldwide economic recession that hit Greece particularly hard. This recession that was triggered by events in the United States in 2008, set off a worldwide recession, the effects of which continue to affect countries like Greece today. It is in this context that the post-secondary graduate unemployment rate in the country soared to 20% in 2010 and has since continued to follow an upward trend. What is more, the Greek economy, with debt to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio reaching more than 140% in 2010 and 165% in 2011, is not showing signs of improvement. This situation is far from encouraging for unemployed Greek youth. Grounded theory (GT) methodology is undertaken in this study which borrows from both Glaserian and Straussian GT method approaches. A Constructivist Grounded Theory perspective is used to interpret findings as the thesis analyses barriers to employment, understandings and coping mechanisms in relation to Greek graduate unemployment and identifies prospects for the future. Six participants were recruited through convenience sampling and informed research through in depth interviews. Unemployed post-secondary graduates interviewed in this study offered uniquely grounded data to inform my analysis and shared timely information amidst the challenging context of the Greek fiscal crisis. The situation has gained much international attention and opened the door for re-thinking and new possibilities. Given that the economic situation in the Eurozone is inextricably linked to the conditions in its member states, this study considers employment policy in both Greece and the European Union (EU). The thesis concludes by suggesting some potential areas for further research.Graduate
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Edayi, Juliet. "Constraints to graduate employment in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20485.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Com. (Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2016.Graduate unemployment has become a significant factor in the global economy. The economic system now relies on institutional unemployment figures as the indices of the socio-economic well-being of any country. Research shows that graduate unemployment is potentially damaging to the economy. If such unemployment persists, it may lead to the erosion and outdating of graduates' skills–bases, which will affect the economy in the long term. Statistical reports show that there is high graduate unemployment in South Africa; hence graduates struggle to find work despite the skills shortage in the country. This seems to contradict previous studies suggesting that the higher a person‘s education level, the higher his or her probability of finding employment. As a result of the significant rise in unemployment rates among South Africa‘s stock of graduates, the extent of the emerging skills-mismatch possessed by new graduate labour market entrants are increasingly misaligned with the skills demanded by employers.
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Chimonyo, Tinashe C. R. "Experiences of unemployed Zimbabweans, living in Johannesburg, who graduated at South African Universities." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/30686.
Full textAbstract:
A report on a research study presented to
The Department of Social Work
School of Human and Community Development
Faculty of Humanities
University of the Witwatersrand
In partial fulfilment of the requirements
For the degree Master of Arts in Social Development
March, 2019The increasing number of unemployed graduates is of great concern worldwide. In countries, such as Zimbabwe, the economic crisis is so persistent that many Zimbabwean students migrate to South Africa to complete degrees in the hope of securing employment soon after completing their degrees. However, they too are currently facing challenges related to unemployment. In order to explore this phenomenon, the research design was explorative in nature. A phenomenological study was thus conducted to explore the experiences of unemployed Zimbabwean graduates. The theoretical framework underpinning the study were the social exclusion theory and capability theory. The sampling method utilized in the study was non-probability, purposive sampling. The sample of participants in this study consisted of twelve unemployed Zimbabwean graduates. The research instrument used was an interview guide. Individual interviews were conducted with participants to gather data. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings indicated that unemployed Zimbabwean graduates face many challenges in the South African context which disempower them from reaching the goal of obtaining job-satisfying employment. Based on conclusions reached, recommendations are made related to addressing the problem-situation constructively. In relation to social development, the study contributes to the current debates on migration and unemployment, especially addressing issues including policy recommendations on the intervention strategies to be provided to address issues of unemployment amongst graduates.
MT 2020
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Lopes, Miriam Santos. "Emprego precário e o desemprego: uma reflexão sobre os jovens diplomados em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7843.
Full textAbstract:
Os elevados níveis de desemprego fizeram repensar o funcionamento do mercado de
trabalho e da organização do
trabalho sob a égide da flexibilidade. Por sua vez, um dos
impactos da flexibilidade foi a precariedade laboral que vem se acentuando.
A relação existente entre a flexibilidade da gestão de recursos humanos e a
precariedade laboral tem gerado alguma polémi
ca.
A
crescente utilização
de
diferentes
modalidades de empregos flexíveis entre os jovens diplomados deram lugar à precarização
dos contratos
de trabalho
em Portugal
.
No âmbito desta dissertação pretendemos contribuir
para a reflexão
sobre a forma
como
a
precariedade e o desemprego
atingem
os diplomados do ensino superior
de forma
diferenciada. Os dados mostram que essas condições dependem da área de formação, do ano
de conclusão e da região dos jovens diplomados.
Assim exploramos neste estudo, a situação
dos jovens diplomados em Portugal, procurando
caracterizar o desemprego e as formas flexíveis de emprego em que se encontram.The high levels of unemployment made us rethink about the functioning of the labor market and the organization of work under the aegis of flexibility. In turn, one of the impacts of flexibility was precarious employment, which has been increasing. The exi sting relation between the flexibility of human resource management and precarious employment has been generating some controversy. The increasing use of different types of flexible employment among young graduates led to the precariousness of labor contra cts in Portugal. Within this dissertation, we intend to contribute to the reflection on how the precariousness and unemployment perform in different ways, given that higher education graduates have heterogeneous conditions in the labor market. Considering meanwhile that these conditions depend on the training area, region and year of completion of young graduates. So we explore in this study the objective situation of young Portuguese graduates in the labor market, aiming to characterize the unemployment of graduates, as well as analyze the flexible forms of employment that characterize the employment of graduates.
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Panday, Annelee. "Recommendations for improvement to the South African information technology curriculum: a case study of new higher certificate graduates' first year of employment." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26211.
Full textAbstract:
Employment issues in South Africa (SA) are a significant problem. There are ongoing discussions revolving around the employability challenges facing South African graduates, particularly in the Information Technology (IT) sector. The preparedness of these IT graduates has been questioned with many looking towards skill sets and employability status while others have scrutinised the validity of the IT curriculum meeting industry needs.
The research focuses on a case study of graduates from an accredited, private higher education institution in SA. The study followed a qualitative approach using questionnaires and interviews to understand the experiences of employers, employed graduates and recruitment personnel upon employment of the graduates. This study investigated, determined and confirmed recommendations to adapt the South African higher education IT curriculum to improve the productivity of IT graduates upon employment.School of Computing
M. Sc. (Computing)
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Moura, Rita Alexandra Salgado de. "O desemprego dos diplomados do ensino superior." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/62556.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em EconomiaO aumento generalizado do desemprego, na sequência da crise económica, foi acompanhado por um aumento também da taxa de desemprego dos diplomados do ensino superior. Apesar de, regra geral, a taxa de desemprego dos diplomados do ensino superior ser inferior à dos indivíduos com nível de escolaridade mais baixo, este facto tem alimentado alguma discussão pública relativamente aos benefícios económicos individuais do ensino superior. Por um lado, as famílias vêm-se muitas vezes com dificuldades financeiras que restringem a sua capacidade de suportar os custos associados à educação superior, fazendo com que esses custos tenham um peso ainda maior nos seus orçamentos. Por outro lado, o facto do desemprego de diplomados de ensino superior ser amplamente referenciado, leva as famílias a atribuírem um menor valor aos benefícios da educação superior. Neste contexto, importa perceber melhor este fenómeno tendo em vista informar a tomada de decisão por parte das famílias e a eventual identificação de mediadas de política. O trabalho propõe-se, assim, (i) caracterizar o desemprego dos diplomados do ensino superior, nomeadamente em termos de área de estudo; e (ii) identificar os principais determinantes da propensão ao desemprego destes diplomados. Com estes objetivos, foi construída uma base de dados com informação relativa a todos os pares estabelecimento-curso em funcionamento no sistema de ensino superior português, a partir de diversas fontes, para o período compreendido entre 2008 e 2015. Esta inclui informação relativa à propensão para o desemprego (regularmente publicada pela DGES), mas também características das instituições de ensino superior e das regiões onde estas estão localizadas. Esta base de dados foi usada para caracterizar o desemprego em termos de áreas de estudo e para estimar um modelo de dados em painel para identificar os principais determinantes dessa propensão ao desemprego entre os diplomados dos cursos de ensino superior. Os resultados indicam que os cursos em que é maior a proporção de estudantes admitidos com a disciplina de Matemática A (a mais exigente das disciplinas de matemática que podem fazer parte do currículo do ensino secundário) está associada a cursos com em que a propensão ao desemprego é menor.
The general increase in unemployment following the economic crisis was accompanied by an increase in the unemployment rate of higher education graduates. Although, as a general rule, the unemployment rate of higher education graduates is lower than that of individuals with a lower level of education, this has fueled some public discussion of the individual economic benefits of higher education. On one hand, families are often faced with financial difficulties that restrict their ability to bear the costs associated with higher education, making these costs carry even more weight in their budgets. On the other hand, the fact that higher education graduates' unemployment is widely referenced leads families to assign less value to the benefits of higher education. In this context, it is important to understand this phenomenon better in order to inform the decision-making by the families and the possible identification of policy measures. The aim of this study is to (i) characterize unemployment among higher education graduates, especially in terms of area of study; and (ii) identify the main determinants of the unemployment propensity of these graduates. With this purpose, a database was built with information on all establishment-course pairs in operation in the Portuguese higher education system, from various sources, for the period between 2008 and 2015. This includes information on propensity (regularly published by the DGES), but also characteristics of higher education institutions and the regions where they are located. This database was used to characterize unemployment in terms of areas of study and to estimate a panel data model to identify the main determinants of this propensity for unemployment among graduates of higher education courses. The results indicate that the courses with the highest proportion of students admitted with Mathematics A (the most demanding of the mathematics disciplines that can be part of the secondary education curriculum) are associated with courses in which the propensity to unemployment is smaller.
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Skosana, Delphia Sibongile. "An integrated communication strategy as an enabling tool for increasing graduate employment potential." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25707.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishIn its proposal of a communication strategy that will be of use as an enabling tool for increasing graduate employment potential, this study contributes uniquely to the discipline of communication. It envisages that communication takes into consideration the involvement of the key stakeholders, namely: government, labour market, education system, and media. Amid unemployment challenges that affect the majority of the population, media is regarded as a powerful tool to reach the majority of the population. With specific regard to graduate unemployment, media-driven interaction with unemployed graduates is not as efficient as it should be. Factors contributing to graduate unemployment are identified as career choices, skills shortage, job opportunities, career development, work experience, skills development, entrepreneurial skills, internships, and access to the labour market. It is also important to note that media is regarded as tool for disseminating information about such factors. In order to address this problem, the study establishes an integrated communication strategy that will be of use as an enabling tool for increasing the potential of graduate employment. The role of such communication could be applicable in various ways, such as organisational communication, business communication, public communication, personal communication, interpersonal communication, etc. This study locates itself in the domain of public communication because information about unemployment issues is a matter of public concern. This study adopts mixed research methodologies, with a survey research design—in order to gather data from the graduate students at a University of Technology. The study found that while social and print media are highly preferred and used due to their accessibility, there is a need to stress their use with regard to employment search. The main concepts that contributed to the establishment of the strategy included strategic communication, unemployment and media. It must be here noted that, for purposes of this study, strategic communication was informed by a confluence of the constitutive model of communication, systems theory, and situational theory of publics. The phenomenon of unemployment is informed by unemployment approaches, on the one hand, and the Maslow theory of needs, on the other. Furthermore, the understanding of the concept of media is informed by mass communication approaches and media richness theory. This thesis expects that, as an outcome, such a communication strategy would increase graduate employment potential. Public relations planning model is applied in the study in order to guide the implementation of the proposed communication strategy.
Communication Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication Science)
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LINDMAJEROVÁ, Lucie. "Dopady celosvětové finanční krize na nezaměstnanost absolventů v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52144.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of the world{\crq}s biggest economies is slowing down and young people are the most affected as shown by the rising numbers of unemployment, especially among the youths. The aim of this thesis is to identify and map the impact of the global financial crisis on the unemployment of graduates in the South Bohemian Region. My intention was to test the hypothesis of my previous thesis topic ``Life targets of the unemployed graduates in České Budějovice`` and the data obtained by thos investigation/research is to be put into context with reference to the current state of the labour market. In this thesis, I have used the form of quantitative research. As a method of data collection, I have chosen to use interviews and document analysis. The technique, in this case, is the secondary analysis of data from the questinaire. The questionnaire was developed in two forms: on paper (printed copies) and on the Internet (the electronic form) in order to increase data. The questionaire consisted of 22 questions which are well related to the total psycho-social and economic well being of the unemployed and, in as much following the current set hypotheses: {\clqq}The most prefered goals in the lives of the unemployed graduates is to find a well paying job``, most of the graduates still remain in a period of unemployment and hence they are still living with their parents`` and {\clqq}Most of the unemployed graduates tend to adopt an active approach in finding a job``. I contacted the respodents through the job centres in South Bohemia Region. The first hypothesis proved to be wrong whilest the second and third hypothesis proved to be correct and hence the aim of the thesis was fulfilled. This is a very practical topic in connection with unemployment and this work can serve as a basis for further research, especially with subsequent use in schools. This work may also be used as a supplement for specialised courses focusing on issues of unemployment.
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Ferreira, Sílvia Alexandra Gaspar. "Fatores que dificultam a inserção profissional dos jovens recém-licenciados em serviço social, em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22979.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo, aprofundará a problemática do desemprego jovem, uma realidade
transversal a diversos países europeus, com especial ênfase no desemprego jovem em Serviço
Social, em Portugal.
O principal objetivo consiste em compreender os fatores que os recém-licenciados em
Serviço Social, do nosso país, associam à dificuldade de inserção profissional.
No respeitante à dimensão empírica deste trabalho de investigação, o mesmo é de
natureza qualitativa, sendo que, para tal, recorreu-se à realização de entrevistas
semiestruturadas a assistentes sociais portugueses recém-diplomados, cujo términus da
licenciatura haja ocorrido entre os anos letivos 2016/2017 e 2018/2019.
Os resultados evidenciam que a taxa de desemprego jovem tem vindo a aumentar
consideravelmente, com simultâneo decréscimo ao nível da qualidade e estabilidade dos
empregos, nomeadamente na área em apreço neste estudo.
Foi igualmente possível aferir que, ao nível das atuais políticas sociais, existe ainda um
longo caminho a percorrer, nomeadamente no que concerne à criação de mais medidas de
incentivo à entrada e consequente integração dos jovens no mercado de trabalho, na sua área
de formação.
Existem diversos fatores que os assistentes sociais entrevistados referem como estando a
interferir na inserção profissional dos jovens formados em Serviço Social, sugerindo-se
algumas pistas de possíveis alterações a serem feitas tanto por parte dos alunos, como do
sistema de ensino, como do governo ao nível das medidas políticas existentes.This study begins by addressing the development of training in Social Work, in Portugal, from its genesis to the present day. Subsequently, it will also deepen the subject of youth unemployment, a reality of several European countries, with special emphasis on youth unemployment in Social Work, in Portugal. Main objective will be to understand the reasons associated by recent Social Work graduates, in our country, upon their difficulties of professional insertion. The empirical dimension of this research, it is of a qualitative nature, and, for this, semi structured interviews were conducted with recent graduate Portuguese social workers, whose graduation degree occurred between the academic years 2016/2017 and 2018/2019. It will be possible to conclude that youth unemployment rate has been increasing considerably, with a simultaneous decrease in the level of quality and stability of jobs, namely in the specific area considered by this study. It is also possible to infer that, in terms of current social policies, there is still a long way to go, namely regarding the creation of more measures to encourage the entry and consequent integration of young people in the labor market, in their training area. There are several factors that the social workers interviewed refer as interfering in the professional insertion of young people trained in Social Work, thus suggesting some clues to possible changes of existing policy measures, to be made by students, the education system and the government.
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Herinková, Jana. "Mladí lidé na trhu práce v souvislosti s činností úřadů práce ve Středočeském kraji." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337355.
Full textAbstract:
The main aims of the thesis is to explore the situation and awareness of youth on labour market, to evaluate existing political instruments and to suggest a recommendation for the most effective intrument to makte the situation better. I follow these aims by executing a secondary data analysis, an expert interviews with workers of IPS in Central Bohemia, Regional labour office in Příbram and VÚPSV, furthermore I follow these aims by my own survey within 5 chosen high schools in Central Bohemia. The thesis focuses on exploration of the issue from perspective of future graduates on labour market, as well as the perspective of IPS workers (as the main stakeholder), who actively works with unemployed youth or future graduates on daily basis. According to the research I concluded, that the most effective instrument for the chosen group is consultation, which is provided mainly by the IPS workers. There are various types of consultation in the region and therefore various levels of future graduates awareness. The consultation should by unified in every Central Bohemia region. To make this possible, it is needed to create good working conditions to the IPS workers. After the reform of labour offices the conditions are not very satisfiing due to personal changes, resposibility changes and technological...
39
Omcirk, Vilém. "Uplatnění absolventů studijního programu Tělesná výchova a sport UK FTVS na trhu práce." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373923.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation thesis deals with the use of full-time Masters' graduates of the Physical Education and Sport study program at Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University on the labor market. In the theoretical part a review of the current state of knowledge about the use of graduates on the labor market was completed, especially university graduates. On the basis of this review the construct of the use of Charles University Faculty of Physical Education and Sport graduate was operationalized and the main tool of the survey, the electronic questionnaire, was compiled. The basic set of the survey was formed by the graduates of the full-time Masters' studies program between the years 2010 and 2015 in the fields of Secondary School Teaching (double-subject), Physical Education and Sport (single-subject), Military Physical Education and Sports Management. 346 responses from 671 questionnaires were obtained (52% return rate). In the result part collected data was first analyzed by the chi-square test on the basis of 3 identification variables (gender of the respondents, field of study and year of graduation) and subsequently individual results of the survey were presented. These results were mainly related to respondents' transition to the labor market after having finished Masters'...
40
Caeiro, Marta de Sousa Lucas. "The impact of entrepreneurship training on graduate unemployment: evidence from a randomized field experiment." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/30149.
Full text
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Baldry, Kim. "Graduate employment in South Africa: prevalence, characteristics and perceived causes." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, School of Human and Community Development (Psychology), 2013The prevalence, characteristics and causes of unemployment in the general population have been well researched in South Africa, however, the sub-population of unemployed graduates has been studied to a far lesser extent. In this mixed methods research, 2029 participants from the 23 public higher education institutions in South Africa were surveyed. The online survey was sent to approximately 20 000 participants via email, with an invitation to participate in the study and information on the study. The dependent variable was employment status; three categories described the employed and two categories described the unemployed. Survey results were analysed using frequency distributions, chi-squared analysis and binary logistic regression. Thereafter, ten Black, low socio-economic status, unemployed graduates were interviewed telephonically. The interview transcripts were analysed thematically looking for both variation and consistency. The results showed that unemployment in the sample was 5.1%. Black graduates, graduates of low socio-economic status and graduates with difficulty accessing resources showed the highest prevalence of unemployment. Having received career guidance was not associated with employment status. The perceived causes of unemployment were lack of resources available to look for a job, the lack of connections to the labour market and discriminatory recruitment practices.
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Carvalho, Joana Gonçalves de. "Compreender as experiências de desemprego nos jovens adultos qualificados: o desafio da empregabilidade." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/53958.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosO interesse pela temática do desemprego jovem e o desafio da empregabilidade reside numa variedade de aspetos que necessitam de uma grande exploração por parte dos investigadores. Trata-se de um tema ainda insuficientemente explorado. Nos dias de hoje um jovem saído das instituições de ensino superior não tem uma noção estruturada do que o mercado de trabalho exige, fazendo com que aquele viva situações de desemprego prolongado. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo fornecer mais um contributo para a compreensão das dinâmicas entre experiências de desemprego jovem, mercado de trabalho para os graduados e empregabilidade, através de uma clarificação das suas inter-relações. Neste sentido desenvolveu-se um estudo de natureza qualitativa onde foram realizadas vinte entrevistas semi-diretivas a um conjunto de jovens qualificados que se encontram em situação de desemprego, assim como cinco entrevistas a recrutadores de Recursos Humanos a trabalharem em empresas de recrutamento. A análise dos dados provenientes das entrevistas efetuadas permitiu entender e compreender as experiências de desemprego por parte destes jovens qualificados assim como a sua perspetiva perante a sua própria empregabilidade no mercado de trabalho atual. Os resultados extraídos de toda a informação empírica revelam que estes jovens qualificados enfrentam um conjunto de barreiras à empregabilidade de que se destacam a escassez de trabalho qualificado para jovens graduados, a discrepância entre as qualificações possuídas pelos jovens à saída da universidade e aquelas exigidas pelo mercado de trabalho, assim como a falta de experiência profissional, que é um requisito importante para os futuros empregadores. Apesar de tudo, os jovens entrevistados parecem possuir uma noção bem estruturada sobre os investimentos que podem potenciar a sua empregabilidade procurando apostar não só em qualificações académicas mas também em competências transversais altamente diversificadas. O principal contributo deste estudo passa por uma atenção e aconselhamento face à necessidade do jovem ter de desenvolver a sua própria empregabilidade perante o mercado de trabalho atual.
The interest on youth unemployment and the challenge of employability lies in a variety of aspects that need to be explored by researchers. The issue of graduate employability is still under-researched. The young graduates transitioning from the university into the labour market are sometimes unaware of the employers’ demands and preferences when hiring a young graduate. This mismatch gives way to prolonged situations of graduate unemployment. This dissertation aims to provide a further contribution to the understanding of the dynamics between experiences of youth unemployment, the labour market conditions for graduates and employability, through a clarification of their interrelationships. Hence, we developed a qualitative study that included twenty in-depth interviews conducted with young graduates that were unemployed at the time. Furthermore, we interviewed also five recruiters that worked for Human Resources Recruitment companies. The analysis of the interview data made it possible to understand the experiences of unemployment by those young graduates, as well as their perspectives about their own employability in the current labour market. The data analysis show that the young graduates face a set of employability barriers, such as the shortage of qualified work for young graduates, the discrepancy between the qualifications possessed by young adults leaving the university and those required by the employers, as well as lack of professional experience, which is an important requirement for future employers. Nonetheless, the young people interviewed seem to have a well- structured notion of the investments that can enhance their employability by looking not only at academic qualifications but also at highly diversified transversal competencies. The main contribution of this study is the evidence showing the self-development by young adults of their own employability in the current labour market.
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DRDOVÁ, Ivana. "Pracovní uplatnění absolventů středních škol z Jedličkova ústavu v Praze." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52657.
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In my thesis I deal with the issues related to disabled young people work opportunities in the job market. The extent of movement disability significantly affects the quality of human life, not excepting working integration. If handicapped people cannot realize their potential in an employment, it may impair their self-confidence and self-respect. Considering their specific needs and conditions resulting from the given handicap, such as wheelchair access to the workplace, lower education, bad accessibility of the workplace by public transport, slow working tempo, worsened ability to express oneself etc., such people may be qualified by the state as people endangered by social exclusion. The aim of this practical part of the thesis is to explore the employability of secondary school graduates from the Jedlička´s Institute and Schools in the job market and to monitor the expectations and barriers of employability of the students in the last year of secondary schools in the Jedlička´s Institute and Schools. On this basis the following hypotheses were formulated: 1. Students from the Jedlička´s Institute and Schools have unrealistic expectations in connection with their actual employability. 2. Students and Graduates from Jedlička´s Institute and Schools tend to continue to study so that they could postpone solving problems associated with their employment. The research proved the confirmation of the first and the second hypotheses. To test the validity of the hypotheses, the quantitative research was selected. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire, an analysis of documents and an structured interview.
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HOUDKOVÁ, Kateřina. "Prevence nezaměstnanosti u mládeže v regionálních souvislostech." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-46450.
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All industrial countries face the problem of unemployment. High percentage of unemployed has negative influence on social situation, state economy, and also quality of life. Decreasing unemployment is long term goal of each particular government. Most emphasis is given to mitigation of unemployment of people aged over 50 years, under 25 years and long-term unemployment. Important part of unemployed in all czech regions consists of graduates and youngsters. Graduates are impaired by the lack of practice and necessary occupational habits. Youngsters usually have problems with their lack of qualification and legislative obstacles. Inability to find a job grows feelings of inconclusiveness, vulnerability and inferiority among young people which leads them to idleness and socially not beneficial activities. Main goal of this work is to evaluate different solutions of young people unemployment problem in regions of Plzeň and České Budějovice; to compare unemployment percentage in these regions and define typical patterns in which the problem appears. I collected quantifiable field data using a questionnaire. As a second method of research I used semi-standardized interview with directors of technical schools. Third method used is secondary data analysis. Most important roles in prevention of the unemployment of youngsters are family background and rising to career choice in elementary school. Also system of guidance services is very important. Then motivation for higher education and prevention of early school leaves plays important role. Employment office can help young people by using the tools of active employment policy. The unemployment in the region of České Budějovice is higher than in the region of Plzeň. Both regions share good opportunities in technical professions. It appears to be beneficial to increase demand for study of technical branches among pupils.
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Pereira, Soraia Cristina Barros. "Autoeficácia de decisão e enfrentamento da carreira em graduados e pós-graduados desempregados." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68629.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em PsicologiaO desemprego é um fenómeno que apresenta uma escala individual e social, tornando-se um fator potencial de stress na vida dos indivíduos. O desemprego tem impacto na forma como os indivíduos percecionam as suas competências profissionais e nos modos como lidam com a condição de desemprego. Este estudo destina-se a analisar diferenças interindividuais na autoeficácia na tomada de decisão e no enfrentamento da carreira, com base na idade, habilitações académicas e estatuto profissional de diplomados do ensino superior desempregados. Os participantes foram 304 adultos portugueses, de ambos os sexos (n=171, 56.3% mulheres) com idades entre os 29 e 65 anos (M =47.10; DP =6.2), diplomados do ensino superior (n=192, 63.2% mestres ou doutorados; n=112, 36.8% licenciados), inscritos em centros de emprego de diferentes zonas do país. Os resultados de uma ANOVA Trifatorial indicam um efeito principal das habilitações académicas na autoeficácia de enfrentamento da carreira daqueles diplomados desempregados. Os licenciados registam maior autoeficácia de enfrentamento da carreira do que os pós-graduados, sendo os mais velhos, no primeiro caso, e os mais novos, no segundo caso, que mais contribuem para este efeito. Os resultados deste estudo podem orientar a investigação e intervenções de carreira com graduados e pós-graduados desempregados.
Unemployment is a phenomenon that presents an individual and social scale, becoming a potential stress factor in the lives of individuals. Unemployment has an impact on how individuals perceive their professional skills and on how they deal with the condition of unemployment. This study aims to analyze inter-individual differences in career decision-making self-efficacy and in career coping self-efficacy, based on age, academic qualifications and professional status of unemployed higher education graduates. Participants were 304 portuguese adults, of both sexes (n = 171, 56.3% women) aged between 29 and 65 years old (M = 47.10; SD = 6.2), with higher education qualifications (n = 192, 63.2 % masters or doctorates; n = 112, 36.8% graduates), registered in employment centers in different areas of the country. The results of a Trifactorial ANOVA indicate a main effect of academic qualifications on self-efficacy in coping with careers in unemployed graduates. Graduates have greater self-efficacy in coping with their careers than postgraduates, with the older ones in the first case and the younger ones in the second case, who contribute most to this effect. The results of this study can guide research and career interventions with unemployed graduates and postgraduates.
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POLÁČKOVÁ, Lenka. "Nezaměstnanost absolventů v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79798.
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The aim of my diploma paper is summing up of graduates´ unemployment in southern Bohemia. The purpose of the paper is to create a compact image of labour market in the Czech Republic and to describe main factors influencing this market in the Czech Republic. My paper should touch state unemployment policy, to chart unemployment in southern Bohemia with the reflection on graduates´ unemployment, chart the structure of unemployed graduates, their possibilities at the labour market in the Czech Republic, to propose possibilities for the decrease of graduates´ unemployment in southern Bohemia. My survey is based on the data from Labour Market Situation Report from several Bureaus of Labour, data from Czech Statistic Office and Ministry of Labour and Social Issues. The graduates themselves are one off the most risk companies from the people who are economically active. The claiming of these groups is worse. The graduates are disadvantaged in comparison with other job applicants {--} less praxes, missing work habits and lox experience. The graduates´ unemployment rage is highly influenced by economical situation in our country, total unemployment, free working station offer degree and rate between supply and demand. It is also influenced by educational structure of graduates at the same time. The employers´ interest in graduates has been increasing. The loss of people at qualified positions is very important {--} firms are forced to offer free positions even to the people with smaller or no praxes. Another reason for the increase is policy development itself, primarily in financial sphere, car industry and in services. Last but not least, graduates´ attractively has been increasing hand in hand with improving quality of their profiles.
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KATRUŠINOVÁ, Adriana. "Nezaměstnanost absolventů na trhu práce v ČR." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394746.
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The main aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis of unemployment of graduates of higher education institutions in the Czech Republic. This work compares the unemployment of graduates of lower level of university education with the unemployment of graduates of higher education. The graphs show three situations. The first group of graphs refers to the total unemployment of graduates in the monitored period by individual fields. The second group of graphs is the result of monito-ring the unemployment of university graduates in terms of long-term unemployment. The last set of graphs always shows the practical experience of unemployed graduates by individual study fields. At the end of this thesis are proposed changes to reduce the unemployment of graduates.
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Schubert, Jan. "Uplatnění absolventů středních škol na trhu práce v Libereckém kraji." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308276.
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Level of employment of secondary school graduates on the labour market of Liberec region The diploma thesis "Level of employment of secondary school graduates on the labour market of Liberec region" focuses on tree major factors influencing the level of employment of graduates. First is the role of vocational education in the educational system. The thesis tests two hypotheses. First considers vocational education to be superior to general education since graduates learn great deal of hard skills, which they can directly apply while applying for a job. Second hypotheses considers vocational education to be inferior to general education since what the graduates learn during their study does not reflect the needs of employers and they thus prefer the information about the level of education (general education). Second major factor this diploma thesis deals with is the role of social networks in finding first job. The thesis analyses the effectiveness of the social networks on the site of graduates and also on the site of employers. Third factor is the dynamics of the early working stage of graduates and the influence of social and economical forces on regional labour market. The thesis analyses data on the dynamics of employment of graduates in the Czech Republic and especially in the Liberec region.
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Lourenço, Ana Cláudia Trindade. "Jovem, licenciado & desempregado: discriminação face à idade e consequências para a saúde." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7686.
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Actualmente, vive-se um momento de progressivo aumento do desemprego jovem, que ocorre paralelamente à melhoria da qualificação dos jovens portugueses.
O presente estudo quasi-experimental almeja compreender o impacto do desemprego nos jovens licenciados na sua percepção de discriminação face à idade, na perspectiva de futuro e consequências para a saúde. Para tal, comparámos dois grupos de jovens, com características semelhantes, mas que diferiam na sua condição de emprego (40 empregados e 33 desempregados).
Concluiu-se que os jovens em situação de desemprego apresentam maiores níveis de percepção de discriminação e piores níveis de saúde (auto-estima, ansiedade, depressão e comorbilidade) e referem sentirem mais sintomas físicos de depressão, dores e sintomas gripais, o que se reflecte na forma como percepcionam a sua saúde, de forma geral, ou seja, pior do que os jovens empregados. Ao que se refere a perspectiva de futuro, os jovens desempregados apresentam uma perspectiva mais limitada.Nowadays, we live in a time where youth unemployment is increasing, while we also witness an improvement in youth qualification. The present quasi-experimental study yearns to understand the impact of unemployment of graduated youth, in their perception of discrimination, their perspective of the future and health consequences. To achieve the purpose of the study we compare two groups of young people, with similar demographic characteristics, but that differed in their employment condition (40 employed and 33 unemployed). We conclude that unemployed participants perceive higher levels of discrimination and worst levels of health (self-esteem, anxiety, depression and comorbidity) and report experiencing higher physical symptoms of depression, pain and flu symptoms than employed participants. Regarding the perspective of their future, the unemployed participants showed a more limited expectation. These results are discussed in accordance with the literature in this domain and the main social and political implications.
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Hsu, Chin-Wei, and 許晉維. "The study of interaction relationship of the amount of adult higher education participants, economic growth rate and unemployment rate – the mount of graduate school students in Taiwan in 1976~2005." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86234675669049742369.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
成人及繼續教育所
95
The study researches the interaction and causality relationship among the amount of higher education participants in Taiwan, economic growth rate, and unemployment rate in 1976 ~2005. According to the Directorate General of Budget, Accounting the statistics of Statistics (DGBAS) of Executive Yuan and Ministry of Education, it is to analyze variable causality and relationship of long-term and the short-term interaction among the amount of graduate school participants, economic growth rate and unemployment rate by Time series analysis. Therefore, The purpose of the study are four : 1. Researching the interaction and causality relationship in 1976~2005 between the amount of graduate school participants and the economic growth rate. 2. Researching the interaction and causality relationship in 1976~2005 between the amount of graduate school participants and the unemployment rate. 3. Researching the interaction and causality relationship in 1976~2005 between the economic growth rate and the unemployment rate. 4. The conclusions of the study affords that the government estimates economic benefit of higher education as reference. The conclusions are : 1. The amount of the graduate school participants can not forecast the variation of the economic growth rate; the amount of prior graduate school participants gets more and the posterior economic growth rate does not get higher. 2. The economic growth rate can forecast the variable of the amount of graduate school participants; the prior economic growth rate gets higher and the amount of posterior graduate school participants gets less. 3. The amount of graduate school participants can not forecast the unemployment rate; the prior graduate school participants get more, and the posterior unemployment rate does not get lower. 4. The unemployment rate can forecast the graduate school participants; the prior unemployment rate gets higher, and the amount of posterior graduate school participants gets more. 5. The unemployment rate can forecast the economic growth rate; the prior unemployment rate gets higher, and the posterior economic growth rate gets lower. 6. The economic growth rate can not forecast the unemployment rate; however, the economic growth rate affects the part of the unemployment rate. According to the finding and providing the suggestion will afford the education of graduate school, unemployment problems, political statistical investigation and future study as reference. 1. About education of graduate school a. To re-estimate the economic benefit from education of graduate school. b.The graduate school divides into the academic and professional degree and looks after the needs of business and study. c.To encourage people to be in recurrent education and to reduce the structural unemployment. 2. About political statistical investigation a. To establish a completed statistical data base. b. It can research detail from each level of the education degree by investigation. 3. About future study a. To add other variables and make deeply research. b. To research the factor by panel data.