Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grafen oxid

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Grafen oxid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grafen oxid"

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Mravik, Željko, and Zoran Jovanović. "Analysis of surface oxygen groups of thermally reduced graphene oxide via temperature programmed desorption method." Tehnika 73, no. 2 (2018): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1802186m.

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Malta, André Farias de Oliveira, Davi Luiz Cortez, Dayse Andrade Romão, José Eduardo Candido Holanda Pereira, Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos Velo, and Tatiana Rita de Lima Nascimento. "Graphene Oxide Applications in Dentistry: Integrative Literature Review." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n4p376-81.

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AbstractGraphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide, represent the greatest potential materials in terms of biomaterials due to their excellent physical-chemical and biological properties. Thus, the present study has developed an integrative literature review in order to evaluate the capacity of graphene oxide to replace metal biomaterials currently used in Dentistry. For this purpose, LILACS, SciELO and PubMED databases were evaluated, with the following descriptors: graphene, biomaterials and Odontology, adapted for each database used. Firstly, the descriptors were searched separately and, later, the Boolean operator AND was used to define a search strategy. The articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published and indexed in the databases, in the last ten years, with texts available in full and regarding the topic under study. A total of 14 scientific papers were found and 10 of them were selected for this review. After the critical reading of each article, it was possible to observe that graphene and its derivates present great biocompatibility, excellent mechanical, electrical and thermic properties, high flexibility, low density and a huge potential to be explored in health science. It is also important to highlight its potential application as a coating of metal biomaterials. Keywords: Biocompatible Materials. Materials Testing. Dentistry. ResumoO grafeno e seus derivados, como o óxido de grafeno, representam atualmente o maior potencial em termos de biomateriais, devido às suas excelentes propriedades físico-químicas e de biocompatibilidade. Assim, o presente estudo teve como premissa conduzir uma revisão integrativa da literatura de modo a verificar a capacidade do óxido de grafeno em substituir os biomateriais metálicos atualmente utilizados na Odontologia. Para isto, foram utilizadas as bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO e Pubmed, com os seguintes descritores: grafeno, biomateriais e Odontologia, adaptados para cada base de dados utilizada. Primeiramente, os descritores foram pesquisados isoladamente e, posteriormente, o operador booleano AND foi utilizado de modo a definir uma estratégia de busca. Os artigos foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão: artigos em Português, Inglês e Espanhol, publicados e indexados nas referidas bases de dados, nos últimos dez anos, com texto disponível na íntegra e que retratassem a temática em estudo. Foram encontrados um total de 14 artigos científicos e, dez destes artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. A partir da leitura crítica de cada artigo, foi possível observar que o grafeno e seus derivados apresentam uma alta biocompatibilidade, notáveis propriedades mecânicas, elétricas e térmicas, alta flexibilidade, baixa densidade de massa e um enorme potencial a ser explorado para beneficiar a área da saúde. Deve-se, também, destacar sua potencial aplicação como revestimento de materiais metálicos implantáveis. Palavras-chave: Materiais Biocompatíveis. Teste de Materiais. Odontologia.
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Syaifuddin, Muhammad. "Organic Geochemical Characteristic Of Crude Oils From Orange Graben, South Sumatra Basin." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2016.11.3.

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Lemat Formation in the Orange Graben in the South Sumatra basin has been considered as syn-rift sediments consist of fluvio-lacustrine sediments, create source rock with fluvio-lacustrine characterize. Based on existing publications, showing that the oils from Orange Graben have fluvio-deltaic characterization and generated by source rock from Talangakar Formation with fluvio-deltaic depositional environment. This paper emphasizes geochemistry methods. Source rock analysis, consist of 26 samples for carbon isotope and 14 samples for biomarker, while oil analysis, consist of 15 samples for carbon isotope and 19 samples for biomarker. Characterization has been based on qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data comprise evaluation based on chromatograms and mass-fragmentograms, whereas quantitative data consists of a series of cross-plots, eg. cross plot of carbon isotope δ13C saturates - aromatics, distribution of C27-C28-C29 sterane, Pr/nC17-Ph/nC18, Pr/Ph-Pr/nC17, carbon isotope δ13C saturates-Pr/Ph, Pr/Ph-total hopane/total sterane, and ratio of C26/C25 (tricyclic). Based on geochemical result of analysis, source rocks of Lemat Formation in the Orange Graben interpret as source rock with fluvio-deltaic characterize, have terrestrial influence while Talangakar Formation in the Orange Graben interpreted as source rock with deltaic characterization, having marine and terrestrial influence. Both of them , consist of humic kerogen. Whereas, oil samples in the Orange Graben interpreted as oilwhich is generated by source rock with fluvio-deltaic characterization, having terrestrial influence, in anoxic-suboxic-oxic conditions, consisting of humic kerogen. Correlation result between source rocks and oils in the Orange Graben, indicating that fluvio-deltaic oil type in the Orange Graben are correlate with not only the source rocks of Talangakar Formations but also with source rock of Lemat Formation.
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C. Dias, Gabriel, Thelma S.P. Cellet, Mirian C. Santos, Cláudio L. Carvalho, and Luiz F. Malmonge. "A CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE ÓXIDO DE GRAFENO PREPARADOS PELO MÉTODO DE HUMMERS MODIFICADO." Revista Tecnológica 29, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/revtecnol.v29i1.51286.

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O desenvolvimento de metodologias para obtenção do oxido de grafeno a partir do grafite tem movimentando ainda boa parte das pesquisas., justamente pelos materiais em nanoescala possuírem grande potencial para aplicações como adsorventes no tratamento de efluentes contaminados com contaminantes emergentes, sendo está uma preocupação atual. Neste trabalho apresenta-se a síntese modificada via método Hummers de óxido de grafeno a partir do grafite em pó obtido comercialmente. A caracterização morfológica do material preparado ocorreu por meio da Difração de Raios X, FTIR e Espectrometria RAMAN, além de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e de Transmissão. Os resultados evidenciam a formação de um nanomaterial com alto grau de oxidação e esfoliação, validando a rota de síntese utilizada evidenciando característica morfológicas do material como esperado na literatura.
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Kumar, Jogendra, and Rajesh Verma. "Experimental investigations and multiple criteria optimization during milling of Graphene Oxide (GO) doped epoxy/CFRP composites using TOPSIS-AHP hybrid module." FME Transactions 48, no. 3 (2020): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2003628k.

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Iniestra, M. G. "ROLE OF TRAPPED WATER IN THE MICROWAVE ASSISTED REDUCTION AND EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE." Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 17, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2018v17n2/iniestra.

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García-Contreras, René, Héctor Guzmán-Juárez, Daniel López-Ramos, and Carlos Alvarez-Gayosso. "Biological and physico-mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) enriched with graphene oxide as a potential biomaterial." Journal of Oral Research 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2021.019.

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Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity and effects of graphene oxide (GO) on cellular proliferation of gingival-fibroblasts, pulpdental cells and human osteoblasts in culture, and to determine the physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) enriched with GO. Material and Methods: T he G O w as c haracterized with SEM. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were determined by the MTT bioassay. The physical-mechanical tests (flexural strength and elastic modulus) were carried out with a universal testing machine. Sorption and solubility were determined by weighing before and after drying and immersion in water. Porosity was evaluated by visual inspection. Data were analyzed with Student's t-test and Tukey's post-hoc ANOVA. Results: The GO has a heterogeneous morphology and a particle size of 66.67±64.76 μm. GO has a slight to no-cytotoxicity (>50-75% viability) at 1-30 days, and at 24 hours incubation of PMMA with GO significantly stimulates osteoblasts (45±8%, p<0.01). The physical and mechanical properties of PMMA with GO increase considerably without altering sorption, solubility and porosity. Conclusion: GO alone or with PMMA has an acceptable biocompatibility, could contribute to cell proliferation, cell regeneration and improve the physical-mechanical properties of PMMA.
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Turek, Tomasz, Beata Fryczkowska, and Lucyna Przywara. "APPLICATION OF MEMBRANES FROM POLYACRYLONITRITE DOPPED WITH GRAPHEN OXIDE IN PURIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER GENERATED DURING PROCESSING OF METALS." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/74962.

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Versteegh, Gerard J. M., Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld. "Better molecular preservation of organic matter in an oxic than in a sulfidic depositional environment: evidence from <i>Thalassiphora pelagica</i> (Dinoflagellata, Eocene) cysts." Biogeosciences 17, no. 13 (July 9, 2020): 3545–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020.

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Abstract. Anoxic sediments, as compared to oxic settings, encompass a much higher proportion of relatively labile and thus more reactive organic matter, naturally giving rise to structural changes of the organic molecules themselves, as well as cross-linking between them (e.g., through reactive sulfur species). Both processes transform the original biomolecules into geomolecules. For the oxic environment, these intermolecular and intramolecular transformations also operate, but cross-linking may be less important since the labile, reactive component is rapidly removed. As such, one may expect a structurally better preservation of the more refractory initial biomolecules in the oxic environment. To test this hypothesis, initially identical biomolecules need to be compared between different preservational environments. Here, we use the species-specific morphology of organic microfossils to assure a single initial biosynthetic product (the cysts of the fossil dinoflagellate species Thalassiphora pelagica) for comparison. We assess the macromolecular structures of cysts from the Eocene (∼40 Ma) sulfidic Rhine Graben and the oxic Kerguelen Plateau and compare them with each other and the structures of recent cysts. While between the sites the T. pelagica cysts are morphologically identical and show no signs of morphological modification, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and micro Fourier transform infrared analyses show that their macromolecular characteristics are strongly different. Comparison with recent cysts shows that the cysts deposited in the sulfidic Rhine Graben show a strong additional contribution of long-chain aliphatic moieties and thus less diagenetic intermolecular cross-linking. The presence of organic sulfur identifies natural volcanization as one of the diagenetic processes. Furthermore, we observe a loss of bound oxygen and no trace of the original carbohydrate signature of the cyst wall biomacromolecule. The material deposited in the oxic sediments of the Kerguelen Plateau shows no traces of sulfurization. It shows a minor contribution of short carbon chains only and thus less diagenetic intermolecular cross-linking. Furthermore, a carbohydrate signature was still preserved evidencing a better molecular preservation of the initial biomacromolecule, supporting our initial hypothesis. This shows that excellent morphological preservation does not imply excellent chemical preservation. It also leads to the conclusion that the best preservation of molecular structure is not necessarily where most organic matter gets preserved, which, in turn, is important for understanding the nature and fate of sedimentary organic matter and its isotopic signature.
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Chagas, Dimitrius Carvalho. "VIABILIDADE TÉCNICO-ECONÔMICA DO ÓXIDO DE GRAFENO / TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF GRAPHENE OXIDE." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 1 (2021): 6777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n1-459.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grafen oxid"

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Špaček, Ondřej. "DFT výpočty grafenu s výhledem na uplatnění v biosenzorech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-451222.

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This diploma thesis is focused on calculation of both structure and electronic properties of the graphene after the adsorption of atomic and molecular oxygen and urea using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The influence of van der Waals interactions on the structure and adsorption energy is studied, as well as influence of the thermal corrections, the charge density spatial distribution and the electronic doping of graphene after the adsorption of the adsorbant on the graphene.
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Pacltová, Klára. "Ověřování vlastností betonů s nanočásticemi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392361.

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This diploma thesis deals with the influence of addition of carbon nanoparticles on cement composites. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis is focused on the research of information about carbon nanoparticles, more precisely about carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. There are summarized methods of dispersing carbon nanotubes and their effects on cement composites. The practical part follows the theoretical part of the research. In the first phase, the correct technique of graphene oxide dispersion was verified. Subsequently, the effects of graphene oxide on the mechanical properties of cement mortars were verified. In the final phase of the diploma thesis, the knowledge gained from the previous part was verified on concrete samples.
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Krejčí, Pavel. "Elektrochemická příprava grafen oxidu a jeho využití v elektrodových kompozitech s LiFePO4." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376908.

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This work deals with issues of application of the graphene material in the field of electrochemical energy storage. It includes basic graphene properties, the overview of methods for the production of lithium-iron-phosphate/graphene composites and results of different research approaches. The general aim is to present growing opportunity of application of graphene based composites in the electrochemical energy storage field. In the experimental part of this work, a electrochemical exfoliation of graphite and a production of LFP/G composites with different amount of graphene material and with different types of graphene material are carried out. This work includes also x-ray diffraction spectroscopy measurements and the evaluation of impacts of graphene additives on final properties of the electrochemical energy storage.
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Hamrlová, Romana. "Studie interakcí mezi lipázou a uhlíkatým nosičem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217046.

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Tématem diplomové práce je imobilizace lipáz a konkrétně studium interakcí mezi lipázou a nosičem na bázi uhlíku. Lipáza izolovaná z kmene Rhizopus arrhizus byla adsorbována přímo na různé typy grafen oxidu (a1, a, b, c a d) a na grafen oxid typu a1 modifikovaný poly(ethylenglykolem), PEG-a1. Enzym adsorbovaný na nosič a1 byl následně sesítěn pomocí glutaraldehydu a vzorek byl označen jako GA(RA-a1). Vliv hydrofobního charakteru povrchu nosiče na účinnost imobilizace byl potvrzen vyšší úchovou počáteční aktivity enzymu imobilizovaného na více hydrofobním nosiči (nižší koncentrace polárních skupin) i při vyšší koncentraci rozpustného enzymu v roztoku. Stanovení enzymové aktivity bylo provedeno spektrofotometricky za použití p-nitrofenyl laurátu (p-NPL) jako substrátu. Pro imobilizovaný a volný enzym byly stanoveny základní biochemické a kinetické parametry. Optimální pH kovalentně imobilizovaného enzymu bylo posunuto do více kyselého oblasti (pH 7-8) ve srovnání s volným enzymem, kdy bylo optimum dosaženo při pH 9. Tepelná stabilita imobilizovaného enzymu byla výrazně zlepšena v případě vzorku GA(RA-a1), kde bylo aplikován glutaraldehyd po adsorpci enzymu na nosič. Sesíťování adsorbovaného enzymu pomocí glutaraldehydu vedlo ke zlepšení tepelné stability vzorku, a to pravděpodobně v důsledku intermolekulárních kovalentních vazeb. Na základě měření stability enzymu při teplotě 4 C ve fosfátovém pufru bylo prokázáno značné zlepšení úchovy lipolytické aktivity imobilizovaného vzorku oproti volnému enzymu. Volný enzym ztratil více než 84 % své původní aktivity za 42 dní, zatímco imobilizovaný enzym na nosiči c si zachoval 100 % své původní aktivity. Nejlepší stabilitu enzymu při úchově měl nosič c, když si po 180 dnech stále zachoval 87 % své původní aktivity.
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Šindelek, David. "Využití nanotechnologií pro betony ultravysokých pevností." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372220.

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This diploma thesis deals with the concept of use of nanotechnology for cement composites and UHPC. In the theoretical part of this diploma thesis there are theoretical principles described for successful design of high performance concrete and characteristics of main feedstock and its production. Furthermore, there is a focus on nanoparticles, especially the ones with carbon base in the form of carbon nanotubes CNT, in addition to that, graphenes GN that are new on the market, moreover, graphene oxide GO and its application in cement composites to mechanical characteristics and its durability. The first part of the practical part devotes in trying to find out an optimal parameter for ultrasonic mix with a suitable surface active substance of three graphenes. The other two parts of the practical part are about influence of graphenes on mechanical characteristics, cement paste microstructure, and application in the mix of concrete C 35/45 and UHPC
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Marek, Jiří. "Fotokatalytický rozklad vody oxidovými polovodiči modifikovanými grafenem/grafenoxidem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217159.

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This master thesis deals with the topic of alternative production of hydrogen as the energy carrier of the future. The primary focus is on the production of hydrogen based on photocatalytical water splitting in the presence of semiconductor materials (especially modified and unmodified TiO2). The aim of the thesis is a synthesis of nanostructured oxide, graphene/graphene oxide particles and its composites, and a study of its structures and photocatalytical properties regarding photolysis of water. Products of the syntheses are described from the point of view of phase composition, surface area and photocatalytical activity. The main output of the thesis is a discussion of the influence of alkaline complex forming reagents on the hydrothermal low-temperature synthesis of biphasic TiO2, and a study of the influence of graphene/graphene oxide modification on photocatalytical activity of biphasic TiO2.
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Mach, Radoslav. "Vlastnosti grafenoidových vrstev." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377055.

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Master thesis “Properties of graphenoid layers” deals with materials of graphenoid nature such as graphene, graphene oxide and its reduced state. The paper effectively summarize basic theoretical knowledge in the first half of its range. In the second half the project deals with practical part consisted of experiments with application of graphene oxide solvents, its analysis and especially comparing properties of non-reduced graphene oxide with its chemically reduced form. Material is examined in a form of applied thin layers on different substrates.
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Čuboň, Tomáš. "Studium optických vlastností tenkých vrstev organických fotovoltaických článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316198.

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This master´s thesis is focused on measurement of optical properties of thin layer of materials used in organic solar cells (OSC). The usage of graphene oxides and its reduced forms as parts of hole transport layer (HLT) in OSC were studied. At the beginning of the thesis, there is described basic theory necessary to understand the optical properties of thin layers. The thin layer deposition and reduction of GO are discussed too. The experimental part is aimed to the optical characterization of prepared thin films. The results from optical microscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were obtained. At the end of the thesis, the results are concluded and compared with already published literature.
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Bančáková, Anna. "Vliv detergentů na aktivitu, tepelnou stabilitu a agregaci imobilizovaných lipáz." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217045.

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Predmetom tejto diplomovej práce bolo štúdium vplyvu detergentov na aktivitu, termostabilitu a agregáciu voľnej a imobilizovanej formy komerčného preparátu lipázy izolovanej z mikroskopickej huby Rhizopus arrhizus. Teoretická časť obsahuje ucelenú rešerš popisujúcu štruktúru, mechanizmus účinku a priemyselný význam spomínanej hydrolázy spolu s popisom chemických účinkov detergentov, pričom dôraz bol kladený predovšetkým na skupinu neionogénnych detergentov s názvom tweeny. V experimentálnej časti bol študovaný efekt tweenov na rozpustnej a imobilizovanej forme RA lipázy. Imobilizácia spočívala v priamej adsorpcii enzýmu na neupravený nosič. Ako nosič bol použitý oxidovaný grafén ošetrený tweenom (tween 20, 60, 80). Aktivita enzýmu bola stanovená spektrofotometricky za pomoci substrátu p-nitrofenyl laurátu. Zvýšenie aktivity voľnej lipázy (104 % oproti maximálnej hodnote) bolo zaznamenané pri použití tweenu 20 o koncentrácii vysoko nad hodnotou kritickej micelárnej koncentrácie (10 mmol•dm-3). Na základe štúdie imobilizačných podmienok, boli nastavené ideálne parametre pre dosiahnutie účinnej imobilizácie v spojení s čo najvyššou lipolytickou aktivitou (koncentrácia enzýmu 0,1 mg•ml-1, fosfátový tlmivý roztok pH 7,2, koncentrácia tweenu 10,8 mmol•dm-3, čas imobilizácie 1 hodina). Obe formy lipázy vykazovali maximálnu aktivitu pri 35 °C. Optimálne pH sa u imobilizovanej lipázy posunulo na hodnotu 8, v porovnaní s voľnou formou, ktorej pH optimum bolo stanovené na 9. Tepelná stabilita vykazovala približne rovnaký priebeh u oboch foriem skúmanej hydrolázy. Avšak v prípade štúdia stability enzýmu pri dlhodobej úschove bolo po imobilizácii zistené výrazné zlepšenie tohto parametru.
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Salimian, Maryam. "Advances in multifunctional nickel/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites, synthesis and characterization." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23709.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Mecânica
O grafeno é constituído por uma monocamada de átomos de carbono dispostos numa espécie de rede hexagonal perfeita. Devido às suas propriedades extraordinárias, este nanomaterial tem suscitado um grande interesse tanto no setor científico como no industrial. A este respeito, a investigação em torno do grafeno mostrou um aumento exponencial em áreas tão diferentes como a energia, biomedicina, eletrónica, entre outras. O óxido de grafeno (GO), um dos derivados de grafeno, foi considerado como um substrato interessante para o desenvolvimento de nanocompositos. Isto deve-se fundamentalmente à presença de grupos funcionais de oxigénio na superfície do grafeno, os quais proporcionam locais reativos para a nucleação e o crescimento de outras estruturas. O níquel (Ni) é um metal de transição muito abundante na terra, possui uma superfície brilhante comum à maioria dos metais e é dúctil e maleável possuindo propriedades magnéticas e catalíticas superiores, condutividade térmica e elétrica razoáveis sendo muito utilizado em diferentes aplicações. As nanopartículas (NPs) de Ni são utilizadas como catalisadores heterogéneos e receberam atenção notável devido ao seu baixo custo, reduzida toxicidade, baixa corrosão, entre outras características. Desta forma, a funcionalização do GO com NPs de Ni pode constituir uma nova família de nanocompósitos com propriedades sinérgicas. Esta tese está focada no controlo da síntese de nanocompósitos Ni/GO, uma vez que o tamanho, a morfologia e a dispersão de NPs de Ni no grafeno afetam as suas funcionalidades e estão em dependência direta com as metodologias de síntese. Em primeiro lugar, foi usado um método hidrotérmico de fácil implementação e execução num passo único. Foram estudados vários parâmetros de síntese, incluindo temperatura, tempo de reação e agente redutor. O controlo destes parâmetros influenciou efetivamente o tamanho das NPs de Ni, variando estas de 150 a 900 nm, a morfologia variou de forma esférica a formato em espiga e de partículas finas bem distribuídas para agregados. Em seguida, o controlo do tamanho das NPs de Ni para valores inferiores a 10 nm e com distribuição de tamanho reduzido no substrato foi conseguido através de um procedimento de síntese em dois passos com base num método solvotérmico seguido por tratamento térmico sob atmosfera redutora de H2. O tempo de reação mostrou ser um fator chave para controlar a distribuição e o tamanho das NPs de Ni simultaneamente com a redução do GO (rGO). O aquecimento em atmosfera de H2 foi crucial para formar as NPs de Ni metálicas cristalinas. A influência de um tratamento térmico adicional em atmosferas redutora e inerte sobre a estrutura do nanocompósito Ni/rGO foi também investigada. Diferentes nanocompósitos apresentaram boa estabilidade térmica sob H2 até à temperatura de 450 °C durante 2 horas. O tratamento a 900 °C sob o fluxo de árgon alterou a estrutura do Ni/rGO por formação de “sulcos” através da rede de carbono e coalescência das NPs de Ni com formação de partículas maiores. O estudo das propriedades eletrofisicas dos nanocompositos Ni/rGO mostrou que estas são dependentes do tamanho e estrutura das NPs de Ni nas folhas de rGO. Esta é uma potencial vantagem do método de síntese desenvolvido para o design de diferentes nanocompositos de Ni/rGO que poderão ser materiais favoráveis para aplicação em dispositivos eletrónicos integrados.
Graphene, the world thinnest material made of carbon atoms in a dense honeycomb network has captured a great interest in both scientific and industry sectors due to its remarkable properties. In this regard, the graphene research is facing an incredible rise in different areas such as energy, biomedical, sensor and electronic applications, between others. Graphene oxide (GO), one of the graphene derivatives, has been considered as an interesting substrate to build nanocomposites. This is due to the presence of oxygen functionalities at the graphene surface which provides reactive sites for the nucleation and growth of other structures. Nickel (Ni) is a transition metal very abundant on earth, it has a shiny surface common to most metals and is both ductile and malleable possessing different properties such as superior magnetic and catalysis properties, a fairly good heat and electrical conductivity and is widely used in different areas of application. Ni nanoparticles (NPs) find use as heterogeneous catalyst and received noteworthy attention because of its inexpensive, non-toxic, low corrosion, waste minimization, between other characteristics. In this way, the functionalization of GO with Ni NPs can establish a new family of nanocomposites with synergic properties. This thesis is focused on the control of the synthesis of Ni/GO nanocomposites, since the size, morphology and dispersion of Ni NPs on graphene affect their functionalities and are in direct dependence with the synthesis methodologies. First, a facile one pot hydrothermal method was introduced and various synthesis parameters including temperature, reaction time and reducing agent were investigated. The control of these parameters effectively influenced the Ni size, ranging from 150 to 900 nm, the morphology from spherical to spiky shape and from well distributed fine particles to the big aggregation. Then, the control of the Ni NPs size to values of less than 10 nm with narrow size distribution on the substrate was achieved via a two-step synthesis procedure based on a solvothermal method followed by a heat treatment under H2 reducing atmosphere. The reaction time was shown to be a key factor to control the size and size distribution of Ni NPs simultaneously through the reduction of GO (rGO). Heating treatment under H2 was crucial to form the crystalized metallic Ni NPs. The influence of further thermal treatment under reducing and inert atmospheres on the structure of Ni/rGO nanocomposite was also investigated. Different nanocomposites showed a good thermal stability under H2 up to 450°C during 2 hours’ treatment. Higher temperature (900°C) under Argon flow changed the structure of Ni/rGO by formation of trenches through the carbon etching and coalescence of Ni NPs to form bigger particles. The study of the electrophysical properties of Ni/rGO showed that these properties are dependent on the size and structure of Ni NPs on rGO nanosheets. This is the potential advantage of the synthesis method developed for designing different matrix of Ni/rGO nanocomposites which could be a favorable material for integrated electronic devices application.
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Books on the topic "Grafen oxid"

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Rez, Peter. Materials That Come from the Earth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.003.0013.

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Many of the materials used are ultimately derived from things extracted from the earth. There is always an energy-intensive step of converting the oxide as found in the earth’s crust to the element or metal. Since carbon in the form of coke is frequently used in this process, it is inevitable that CO2 is emitted. Another thing to consider is the scarcity of the compound from which the element will be derived—that is, the grade of the ore. A low grade of ore, with little of the element of interest, will mean more energy will need to be used to dig up a greater quantity of material. Practically everything has gone through some form of high-temperature processing that contributes to its embodied energy. The embodied energy can be very high if extreme purity is demanded or if a low-abundance isotope is needed.
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Kirchman, David L. Microbial primary production and phototrophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0006.

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This chapter is focused on the most important process in the biosphere, primary production, the turning of carbon dioxide into organic material by higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Photosynthetic microbes account for roughly 50% of global primary production while the other half is by large, terrestrial plants. After reviewing the basic physiology of photosynthesis, the chapter discusses approaches to measuring gross and net primary production and how these processes affect fluxes of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of aquatic ecosystems. It then points out that terrestrial plants have high biomass but relatively low growth, while the opposite is the case for aquatic algae and cyanobacteria. Primary production varies greatly with the seasons in temperate ecosystems, punctuated by the spring bloom when the biomass of one algal type, diatoms, reaches a maximum. Other abundant algal types include coccolithophorids in the oceans and filamentous cyanobacteria in freshwaters. After the bloom, small algae take over and out-compete larger forms for limiting nutrients because of superior uptake kinetics. Abundant types of small algae include two coccoid cyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, the latter said to be the most abundant photoautotroph on the planet because of its large numbers in oligotrophic oceans. Other algae, often dinoflagellates, are toxic. Many algae can also graze on other microbes, probably to obtain limiting nitrogen or phosphorus. Still other microbes are mainly heterotrophic but are capable of harvesting light energy. Primary production in oxic environments is carried out by oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, whereas in anoxic environments with sufficient light, it is anaerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis in which oxygen is not produced. Although its contribution to global primary production is small, anoxygenic photosynthesis helps us understand the biophysics and biochemistry of photosynthesis and its evolution on early Earth. These microbes as well as aerobic phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes make up microbial mats. These mats can provide insights into early life on the planet when a type of mat, “stromatolites,” covered vast areas of primordial seas in the Proterozoic.
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Book chapters on the topic "Grafen oxid"

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Lee, Jin Seok, and Sung Churl Choi. "The Synthesis of Indium Tin Oxide Nano – Powders by Solvothermal Process." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 331–34. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.331.

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Sepulveda, Juan L., Raouf O. Loutfy, Sekyung Chang, Peiwen Li, and Ananth Kotwal. "Functionally Graded Composite Electrodes for Advanced Anode-Supported, Intermediate-Temperature SOFC." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV, 203–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470456309.ch19.

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Shi, Junxiang, and Xingjian Xue. "3D CFD Analysis for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Functionally Graded Electrodes." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VI, 131–51. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470943984.ch14.

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Han, Hyun-Woong, Young Hoon Yun, and Sung Churl Choi. "Effects of Annealing Condition on the Preparation of Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Films via Sol-Gel Spin Coating Process." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 325–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.325.

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Tsurekawa, S., and H. Yoshinaga. "Grain-Boundary Structure and High-Temperature Strength of Non-Oxide Ceramics." In Grain Boundary Controlled Properties of Fine Ceramics, 167–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1878-1_17.

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Morinaga, K., H. Masuda, and K. Hayashi. "Fabrication of Metal/Oxide Ceramic Functionally Graded Materials by Slip Casting." In Interfacial Science in Ceramic Joining, 383–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1917-9_33.

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Nuruzzaman, Dewan Muhammad, A. K. M. Asif Iqbal, Maziyana Marzuki, Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury, Noor Mazni Ismail, Muhammad Ihsan Abdul Latiff, Md Mustafizur Rahman, and Mebrahitom Asmelash Gebremariam. "Investigation on Microstructure and Hardness of Aluminium-Aluminium Oxide Functionally Graded Material." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 478–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0950-6_73.

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Wang, Yu, F. Zhang, L. Z. Qi, L. Wang, and L. C. Cheng. "The Preparation and Properties of New Silver-Metal Oxide Graded Composite Electrical Contact Materials." In High-Performance Ceramics III, 1917–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-959-8.1917.

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Ju, Gang, Kenneth Reifsnider, and Jeong-Ho Kim. "Cathode Thermal Delamination Study for a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Functional Graded Properties: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Results." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells II: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 4, 161–73. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291337.ch16.

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Samano, Ninos, and Domingos Souza. "No-touch saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by Tristan D. Yan, Ki-Bong Kim, Paul G. Bannon, and Mario Gaudino, 243–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0041.

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After almost 30 years since the first harvesting of the saphenous vein graft with a pedicle of surrounding tissue (no-touch technique), there is no doubt that this method is superior to the conventional technique in which a denuded vein is harvested. In summary, the no-touch harvesting technique decreases risk of graft spasm and the requirement for manual dilatation, limiting endothelial cell loss and long-term damage. The preservation of the vasa vasorum allows retrograde blood flow from the graft lumen, thereby decreasing transmural ischaemic damage. This also preserves endothelial nitric oxide synthase, known to decrease intimal hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, and long-term graft failure. Furthermore, the perivascular tissue acts as a natural external stent reducing the neointimal and medial thickening of the vein graft and preventing it from kinking, which is especially vital for sequential grafts. Finally, target vessel size, quality, and degree of stenosis have little effect on the patency rates of no-touch saphenous vein grafts, in contrast to arterial grafts.
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Conference papers on the topic "Grafen oxid"

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Ortíz, Omar, and Yuri Reyes. "Caracterización electroquímica de películas polímero/oxido grafeno." In Conferencia Interdisciplinaria de Avances en Investigación. Lerma Estado de México, México: Universidad Autónoma Metropilitana, Unidad Lerma, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/lerma/repinst/ciai2018/000215.

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Wang, Xin, and Patrick Kwon. "Dry Turning of Commercially Pure Aluminium With Carbide Tools." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34064.

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Dry turning test was performed on commercial pure aluminum Al1100 with two grades of carbide (WC-Co) tool, fine and coarse grained grades. Because of the tiny amount of abrasives in Al1100, the resulting tool wear is mainly sliding wear on flank surface. In our experiment, the fine grain carbide tool has more wear than coarse grain carbide tool despite of the miniscule wear on both carbide grades tools. Notably, the microfracture was only observed on the fine grain carbide tool’s nose due to the low fracture resistance of fine grain carbide. Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and wavelet filtering, the built up edge (BUE) and tool wear evolutions were analyzed. The volume of BUE becomes the maximum at the beginning of the machining and diminishes as the cobalt was worn down from the tool surface, eventually reaching a relatively steady state after half hour’s turning. The fine grain carbide tool have more built up edge than coarse grain carbide tool because of the higher cobalt content with the fine grain carbide. Oxygen from the air may play a very important role in the adhesion between aluminum and carbide tool. Two types of built up edge was found in the experiment. The first type BUE is huge and covers whole tool surface, which is mainly aluminum. The second type BUE is very thin (∼1–2microns), which covers relatively small area of tool surface. This location is characterized by both high temperature and the presence of the oxygen from the air trapped between tool and work material. This second type of BUE has much better resistance to the NaOH solution, which is metal oxide (Aluminum oxide or complex oxide such as spinel), and it could increase the adhesion between tool and work material. Mainly, in dry turning commercial pure aluminum, the larger carbide grain size has a better wear performance.
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Simonet, J., G. Kapelski, D. Bouvard, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Fabrication and Characterization of Functionally Graded Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896850.

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Vargas, M., M. E. Rincón, M. Sánchez, G. Hernández, E. Ramos, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, et al. "Mesoporous Titanium Oxide-Carbon Nanotubes Soot Films Dried under Gravity and Supergravity Conditions." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896824.

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Kim, Jeong-Ho, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Simulation of Crack Growth in Functionally Graded Solid Oxide Fuel Cells under Thermal Loads." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896879.

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Perkins, Joshua, and Behrad Gholipour. "Colour Tunable Graded Index Refractory Metal-Oxide Metamaterials." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jtu3a.12.

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Greene, Eric S., and Wilson K. S. Chiu. "Mass Transfer in Functionally Graded Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82531.

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A 1-D computational model is presented in which performance of a solid oxide fuel cell with functionally graded electrodes can be predicted. The model calculates operational cell voltages with varying geometric and operational parameters. The model accounts for losses from mass transport through the porous electrodes, ohmic losses from current flow through the electrodes and electrolyte, and activation polarization. It also includes a model for the full or partial internal reforming of methane. The model was applied to investigate the effect of electrode porosity distribution on performance. Specifically the physical phenomena that occur when the electrode is designed with a change in microstructure along its thickness is studied. The general trends that occur are investigated to find the arrangement for which the minimal polarization occurs. Both diluted hydrogen fuel and partially reformed methane streams are investigated. It is concluded that performance benefits are seen when the electrodes are given an increase in porosity near the electrolyte interface.
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Wang, Chao, George Huang, and Ryan Miller. "Computational Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Functionally Graded Electrodes." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-272.

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Kedir, N., C. Gong, L. Sanchez, M. J. Presby, S. Kane, D. C. Faucett, and S. R. Choi. "Erosion in Gas-Turbine Grade Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75827.

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Erosion behavior of a large number of gas-turbine grade ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was assessed using fine to medium grain garnet erodents at velocities of 200 and 300 m/s at ambient temperature. The CMCs used in the current work were comprised of nine different SiC/SiCs, one SiC/C, one C/SiC, one SiC/MAS, and one oxide/oxide. Erosion damage was quantified with respect to erosion rate and the damage morphology was assessed via SEM and optical microscopy in conjunction with 3-D image mapping. The CMCs response to erosion appeared to be very complicated due to their architectural complexity, multiple material constituents, and presence of pores. Effects of architecture, material constituents, density, matrix hardness, and elastic modulus of the CMCs were taken into account and correlated to overall erosion behavior. The erosion of monolithic ceramics such as silicon carbide and silicon nitrides was also examined to gain a better understanding of the governing damage mechanisms for the CMC material systems used in this work.
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Osman, Sameer, Khaled Ahmed, and Mahmoud Ahmed. "Performance of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Anode Supported Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63582.

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Abstract High-temperature ceramic materials used in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are subject to high thermal stresses during operation due to the unequal thermal expansion between different layers. As a result, solid oxide fuel cells are prone to mechanical failure at elevated temperatures, limiting the maximum operating temperature and, therefore, limiting the maximum power density obtained from the fuel cell. Fuel cells with graded electrodes in the thickness direction have been used and extensively investigated to reduce the effect of non-uniform thermal expansion. In this study, two dimensional functionally graded electrodes are proposed for the first time. Thus, a comprehensive theoretical model is developed for a high-temperature SOFCs that includes the charge, species, energy, and momentum transport equations. Also, the bilinear elastoplastic material model is used to calculate thermal stresses and failure in solid materials. The model is used to study two-dimensional functionally graded electrodes introduced to investigate their effect on thermal stresses. The material grading will be implemented in two directions for each layer; thickness and length. Results indicate that using the two-dimensional grading reduced thermal stresses by over 40 % for a specific grading scheme compared to the conventional case. Grading the electrodes also positively affects the electrochemical performance, as the cell’s maximum power density was increased by over 60 %. These results prove that two-dimensional graded SOFCs can achieve much higher operating temperatures with safe thermal stresses, creating a potential for compact, high-temperature SOFCs designed for high power density applications.
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Reports on the topic "Grafen oxid"

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YongMan Choi and Meilin Liu. Functionally Graded Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902117.

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Harry Abernathy and Meilin Liu. Functionally Graded Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920188.

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Lei Yang, Ze Liu, Shizhone Wang, Jaewung Lee, and Meilin Liu. Functionally Graded Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/949200.

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Chen, I.-Wei. Electric-Loading Enhanced Kinetics in Oxide Ceramics: Pore Migration, Sintering and Grain Growth: Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1419256.

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Dunn, M. E., and P. B. Fox. Criticality Safety Scoping Study for the Transport of Weapons-Grade Mixed-Oxide Fuel Using the MO-1 Shipping Package. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7903.

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Rudman, K., P. Dickerson, Darrin David Byler, P. Peralta, H. Lim, R. McDonald, R. Dickerson, and Kenneth James Mcclellan. 3D Microstructural Characterization of Uranium Oxide as a Surrogate Nuclear Fuel: Effect of Oxygen Stoichiometry on Grain Boundary Distributions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1392797.

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Bruce A. Zeitlin, Eric Gregory. A Method to Increase Current Density in a Mono Element Internal Tin Processed Superconductor Utilizing Zr Oxide to Refine Grain Size. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926654.

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Scholz, Florian. Sedimentary fluxes of trace metals, radioisotopes and greenhouse gases in the southwestern Baltic Sea Cruise No. AL543, 23.08.2020 – 28.08.2020, Kiel – Kiel - SEDITRACE. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al543.

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R/V Alkor Cruise AL543 was planned as a six-day cruise with a program of water column and sediment sampling in Kiel Bight and the western Baltic Sea. Due to restrictions related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the original plan had to be changed and the cruise was realized as six oneday cruises with sampling in Kiel Bight exclusively. The first day was dedicated to water column and sediment sampling for radionuclide analyses at Boknis Eck and Mittelgrund in Eckernförde Bay. On the remaining five days, water column, bottom water, sediment and pore water samples were collected at eleven stations covering different types of seafloor environment (grain size, redox conditions) in western Kiel Bight. The data and samples obtained on cruise AL543 will be used to investigate (i) the sedimentary cycling of bio-essential metals (e.g., nickel, zinc, and their isotopes) as a function of variable redox conditions, (ii) the impact of submarine groundwater discharge and diffusive benthic fluxes on the distribution of radium and radon as well as greenhouse gases (methane and nitrous oxide) in the water column, and (iii) to characterize and quantify the impact of coastal erosion on sedimentary iron, phosphorus and rare earth element cycling in Kiel Bight.
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Gauntt, Randall O., Kyle W. Ross, James Dean Smith, and Pamela Longmire. Radionuclide inventories : ORIGEN2.2 isotopic depletion calculation for high burnup low-enriched uranium and weapons-grade mixed-oxide pressurized-water reactor fuel assemblies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/984118.

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