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Journal articles on the topic 'Graft copolymers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Roggi, Andrea, Elisa Guazzelli, Claudio Resta, Gabriele Agonigi, Antonio Filpi, and Elisa Martinelli. "Vinylbenzyl Chloride/Styrene-Grafted SBS Copolymers via TEMPO-Mediated Polymerization for the Fabrication of Anion Exchange Membranes for Water Electrolysis." Polymers 15, no. 8 (April 8, 2023): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15081826.

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In this work, a commercial SBS was functionalized with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl stable radical (TEMPO) via free-radical activation initiated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The obtained macroinitiator was used to graft both vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and styrene/VBC random copolymer chains from SBS to create g-VBC-x and g-VBC-x-co-Sty-z graft copolymers, respectively. The controlled nature of the polymerization as well as the use of a solvent allowed us to reduce the extent of the formation of the unwanted, non-grafted (co)polymer, thereby facilitating the graft copolymer’s purific

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2

Tse, Mun F., A. J. Dias, and H.-C. Wang. "Characterization and Physical Properties of New Isobutylene-Based Graft Copolymers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 71, no. 4 (September 1, 1998): 803–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538506.

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Abstract A number of isobutylene-based graft copolymers with different compositions are compared to several commercial thermoplastic block copolymers, such as SIS, SBS and SEBS, in terms of morphology and viscoelasticity. The backbone of these graft copolymers is a terpolymer (BIMS) of isobutylene, p-methylstyrene and p-bromomethylstyrene, and the side chains are either polystyrene or poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether). Graft copolymer synthesis, statistics of graft formation, and stress-strain properties are described. Overall, these graft copolymers exhibit unique shear dependent viscosi

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3

Nguyen, Sophie. "Graft copolymers containing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) — A review on their synthesis, properties, and applications." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-044.

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The use of the poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) in copolymer synthesis has received much interest, as the microbial polyester segments can bring interesting properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. The synthesis, properties, and applications of graft copolymers containing poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) as main chain or branches are reviewed here, with emphasis on the different preparation methods, which fit into the three main synthesis strategies of graft copolymers: “grafting onto”, “grafting from”, and “grafting through” or macromonomer methods.Key words: poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), gr

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4

Pavlopoulou, Eleni, Kiriaki Chrissopoulou, Stergios Pispas, Nikos Hadjichristidis, and Spiros H. Anastasiadis. "The Micellization of Well-Defined Single Graft Copolymers in Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends." Polymers 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050833.

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A series of well-defined (polyisoprene)2(polystyrene), I2S, single graft copolymers with similar total molecular weights but different compositions, fPS, were blended with a low molecular weight polyisoprene homopolymer matrix at a constant concentration 2 wt%, and the micellar characteristics were studied by small-angle x-ray scattering. To investigate the effect of macromolecular architecture on the formation and characteristics of micelles, the results on the single graft copolymers were compared with those of the corresponding linear polystyrene-b-polyisoprene diblock copolymers, SI. The c

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5

Nguyen, Thi Nhan, Hieu Nguyen Duy, Dung Tran Anh, Thuong Nghiem Thi, Thu Ha Nguyen, Nam Nguyen Van, Tung Tran Quang, Tung Nguyen Huy, and Thuy Tran Thi. "Improvement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Vietnam Deproteinized Natural Rubber via Graft Copolymerization with Methyl Methacrylate." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020 (July 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9037827.

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In this study, we investigated the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of Vietnam deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) via graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The graft copolymerization was achieved successfully in latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHPO) and tetra-ethylenepentamine (TEPA) as radical initiators at 30°C. By grafting with various MMA feeds and initiator concentration of 6.6×10−5 mol/g-rubber, the highest grafting efficiency and conversion were achieved at MMA of 15 wt.% per kg of rubber, 68% and 90%, respectively. The structure of graft

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6

Demina, Tatiana S., Maria G. Drozdova, Chantal Sevrin, Philippe Compère, Tatiana A. Akopova, Elena Markvicheva, and Christian Grandfils. "Biodegradable Cell Microcarriers Based on Chitosan/Polyester Graft-Copolymers." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081949.

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Self-stabilizing biodegradable microcarriers were produced via an oil/water solvent evaporation technique using amphiphilic chitosan-g-polyester copolymers as a core material in oil phase without the addition of any emulsifier in aqueous phase. The total yield of the copolymer-based microparticles reached up to 79 wt. %, which is comparable to a yield achievable using traditional emulsifiers. The kinetics of microparticle self-stabilization, monitored during their process, were correlated to the migration of hydrophilic copolymer’s moieties to the oil/water interface. With a favorable surface/

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7

Nikolic, Vladimir, Sava Velickovic, Dusan Antonovic, and Aleksandar Popovic. "Biodegradation of starch–graft–polystyrene and starch–graft–poly(methacrylic acid) copolymers in model river water." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 9 (2013): 1425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121216051n.

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In this paper the biodegradation study of grafted copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and corn starch and poly(methacrylic acid) and corn starch in model river water is described. These copolymers were obtained in the presence of different amine activators. The synthesized copolymers and products of degradation were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biodegradation was monitored by mass decrease and number of microorganisms by Koch?s method. Biodegradation of both copolymers advanced with time, poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-starch

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8

Song, Lixin, Qian Zhang, Yongsheng Hao, Yongchao Li, Weihan Chi, Fei Cong, Ying Shi, and Li-Zhi Liu. "Effect of Different Comonomers Added to Graft Copolymers on the Properties of PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA Blends." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 4088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194088.

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The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as compatibilizers to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA blends by melt blending with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively. The effects of different comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers on the thermal, rheological, optical, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the blends were studied. It

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9

Ashish Chauhan and Balbir Kaith. "Exploring the Diversification in Grafted Copolymer." International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (IJFAS) 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59415/ijfas.v1i2.24.

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The paper deals with optimization of the reaction parameters, graft copolymerization, characterizationand evaluation of the transformations in Roselle stem fiber on graft copolymerization with vinyl monomer, using cericammonium nitrate nitric acid initiator system. Methods: Different reaction parameters such as temperature, time, initiatorconcentration, monomer concentration and pH were optimized to get the maximum graft yield. The graft copolymer thusformed were characterized by advanced techniques. Results: The physico-chemico-thermal resistance, moisture absorbance,swelling behavior of graf

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10

Liu, Yun-Hai, Xiao-Hong Cao, Dao-Feng Peng, and Wen-Yuan Xu. "Polycationic graft copolymers of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) as non-viral vectors for gene transfection." Open Chemistry 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0045-8.

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AbstractNovel graft copolymers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) were designed and synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of DMAEMA with precursor polymers of vinyl-functionalized poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The ability of the PVP- grafted copolymers to bind and condense DNA was confirmed by ethidium bromide displacement assay, agarose gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of PVP in the copolymers had a favorable effect on the biophysical properties of polymer/DNA complexes. Colloidal stable complexes ob

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11

Kaliva, Maria, Anthie Georgopoulou, Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis, Costas A. Charitidis, Maria Chatzinikolaidou, and Maria Vamvakaki. "Biodegradable Chitosan-graft-Poly(l-lactide) Copolymers For Bone Tissue Engineering." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020316.

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The design and synthesis of new biomaterials with adjustable physicochemical and biological properties for tissue engineering applications have attracted great interest. In this work, chitosan-graft-poly(l-lactide) (CS-g-PLLA) copolymers were prepared by chemically binding poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) chains along chitosan (CS) via the “grafting to” approach to obtain hybrid biomaterials that present enhanced mechanical stability, due to the presence of PLLA, and high bioactivity, conferred by CS. Two graft copolymers were prepared, CS-g-PLLA(80/20) and CS-g-PLLA(50/50), containing 82 wt % and 55 wt

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12

Che, Ning, Saina Yang, Hongliang Kang, Ruigang Liu, Zhuang Li, Zhijing Liu, Pingping Li, Xiaozhong Qu, and Yong Huang. "Synthesis and properties of CO2-switchable Dex-g-PAHMA copolymers." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 24 (2014): 7109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py00987h.

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CO<sub>2</sub>-switchable Dex-g-PAHMA copolymers were synthesized and characterized. The properties of the graft copolymers and the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of DOX-loaded Dex-g-PAHMA copolymer micelles were investigated.

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13

Jarosz, Tomasz, Karolina Gebka, and Agnieszka Stolarczyk. "Recent Advances in Conjugated Graft Copolymers: Approaches and Applications." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163019.

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The main goal of this mini review is to summarise the most recent progress in the field of conjugated graft copolymers featuring conjugation across the main chain, across side chains or across both. The main approaches to the synthesis of conjugated graft copolymers are highlighted, and the various trends in the development of new copolymer materials and the intended directions of their applications are explored.

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14

Smirnov, Anton K., and Anna B. Shipovskaya. "Synthesis and properties of grafted copolymers of xanthan and glucomannan with acrylic monomers." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 23, no. 2 (June 21, 2023): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-2-185-196.

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Graft copolymers of polysaccharides with acrylic monomers combine biodegradability, biocompatibility, the environmental friendliness of natural polymers and the increased thermal stability, chemical and mechanical resistance of synthetic polymers. This paper describes our search and analysis of the literature in English for 2002–2022 devoted to the graft polymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido- 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid onto xanthan and glucomannan macromolecular chains. It has been found that the synthesis of grafted copolymer chains proceeds by a radical polymerization

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15

Wu, Xiu Li, Pi Xin Wang, and Ya Cui Guo. "Preparation and Characterization of Graft Copolymer of Acryloyloxyethyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride and Starch." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1977.

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Using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, a series of cationic starch— acyrloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) graft copolymers containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared in aqueous solution. The results showed that the cationic graft copolymer of high cationic degree (DC) could be obtained in this reaction system. The maximum DC of 53.68% was achieved with ASP/starch mass percentage 1.0%, m(DAC):m(starch) = 2.5,at 50°C and reaction time 8h. Structures of the graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric/different

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16

Tarabukina, Elena, Emil Fatullaev, Anna Krasova, Mikhail Kurlykin, Andrey Tenkovtsev, Sergei S. Sheiko, and Alexander Filippov. "Synthesis, Structure, Hydrodynamics and Thermoresponsiveness of Graft Copolymer with Aromatic Polyester Backbone at Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) Side Chains." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112643.

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New thermoresponsive graft copolymers with an aromatic polyester backbone and poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) side chains are synthesized and characterized by NMR and GPC. The grafting density of side chains is 0.49. The molar masses of the graft-copolymer, its backbone, side chains, and the modeling poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxaziline are 74,000, 19,000, 4300, and 16,600 g·mol−1, respectively. Their conformational properties in nitropropane as well as thermoresponsiveness in aqueous solutions are studied and compared with that of free side chains, i.e., linear PiPrOx with a hydrophobic termin

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17

Jeon, Oju, Su Jin Song, Min Hyung Lee, Sang Woo Seo, Cha Yong Choi, and Byoung Soo Kim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polyethylenimine-Graft-Poly(L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Block Copolymers for Gene Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.521.

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Polyethylenimine-graft-poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PEI-g-PLGA) block copolymers were prepared by a ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide and glycolide using PEI as a macroinitiator and stannous octoate as a catalyst in dimethylformamide at 100 °C. The molecular structure of the block copolymers was evaluated with 1H-NMR, and the molecular weight of the block copolymers was determined with gel permeation chromatography. The thermal properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetery and thermogravimetric analysis. The zetapotential of the pDNA/copolymer complexes was eval

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18

Cheaburu-Yilmaz, Catalina, Catalina Lupuşoru, and Cornelia Vasile. "New Alginate/PNIPAAm Matrices for Drug Delivery." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020366.

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This paper deals with a comparative study on the interpolymeric complexes of alginate poly(N-isopropyl acryl amide (PNIPAAm) and corresponding graft copolymers with various compositions in respect to their toxicity, biocompatibility and in vitro and in vivo release of theophylline (THP). Loading of the various matrices with theophylline and characterization of loaded matrices was studied by near infrared spectroscopy–chemical imaging (NIR–CI) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was appreciated that THP loading is higher than 40% and the drug is

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19

Tarabukina, Elena, Emil Fatullaev, Anna Krasova, Maria Sokolova, Mikhail Kurlykin, Igor Neelov, Andrey Tenkovtsev, and Alexander Filippov. "Thermoresponsive Molecular Brushes with a Rigid-Chain Aromatic Polyester Backbone and Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline Side Chains." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212265.

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A new polycondensation aromatic rigid-chain polyester macroinitiator was synthesized and used to graft linear poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline as well as poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline by cationic polymerization. The prepared copolymers and the macroinitiator were characterized by NMR, GPC, AFM, turbidimetry, static, and dynamic light scattering. The molar masses of the polyester main chain and the grafted copolymers with poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline side chains were 26,500, 208,000, and 67,900, respectively. The molar masses of the side chains of poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline an

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20

Boustta, Mahfoud, and Michel Vert. "Hyaluronic Acid-Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) Copolymers as Sources of Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Therapy." Gels 6, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels6040042.

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One-pot free-radical polymerization of N-acryloyl glycinamide in the presence of hyaluronic acid as transfer-termination agent led to new copolymers in high yields without any chemical activation of hyaluronic acid before. All the copolymers formed thermoresponsive hydrogels of the Upper Critical Solution Temperature-type in aqueous media. Gel properties and the temperature of the reversible gel ↔ sol transition depended on feed composition and copolymer concentration. Comparison with mixtures of hyaluronic acid-poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) failed in showing the expected formation of graft cop

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Kuznetsova, Yulia, Ksenya Gushchina, Karina Sustaeva, Alexander Mitin, Marfa Egorikhina, Victoria Chasova, and Lyudmila Semenycheva. "Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate onto Gelatin Initiated by Tri-Butylborane—2,5-Di-Tert-Butyl-p-Benzoquinone System." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163290.

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Graft gelatin and poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers were synthesized in the presence of the tributylborane—2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (2,5-DTBQ) system. The molecular weight parameters and morphology of the polymer indicate that it has a cross-linked structure. Obtained data confirm the simultaneous formation of a copolymer in two ways: “grafting from” and “grafting to”. It leads to the cross-linked structure of a copolymer. This structure was not obtained for copolymers synthesized in the presence of other initiating systems: azobisisobutyronitrile; tributylborane; azobisisobutyronit

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22

Sorokin, Andrey V., Svetlana S. Olshannikova, Maria S. Lavlinskaya, Marina G. Holyavka, Dzhigangir A. Faizullin, Yuriy F. Zuev, and Valeriy G. Artukhov. "Chitosan Graft Copolymers with N-Vinylimidazole as Promising Matrices for Immobilization of Bromelain, Ficin, and Papain." Polymers 14, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112279.

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This work aims to synthesize graft copolymers of chitosan and N-vinylimidazole (VI) with different compositions to be used as matrices for the immobilization of cysteine proteases—bromelain, ficin, and papain. The copolymers are synthesized by free radical solution copolymerization with a potassium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite blend initiator. The copolymers have a relatively high frequency of grafting and yields. All the synthesized graft copolymers are water-soluble, and their solutions are characterized by DLS and laser Doppler microelectrophoresis. The copolymers are self-assembled in a

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23

Storti, Gia, Giulia Romano, Kristen Gilmore, Nicholas Sadowski, Andrii Tiiara, Igor Luzinov, and Alexander Sidorenko. "Permeability of Skin-Mimicking Cell Coatings by Polymers of Complex Architecture Based on Polyoxazolines." Coatings 13, no. 6 (May 29, 2023): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061007.

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In the scope of drug delivery, the transdermal route is desirable because it provides attainable therapeutic concentrations and has minimal systemic side effects. To make the skin a feasible route for the delivery of therapeutic agents, the biggest challenge is overcoming its natural coating. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the architectures (homopolymer vs. block copolymer vs. hybrid block–graft copolymer) of several amphiphilic polymeric derivatives of poly(2-oxazoline) on skin permeability. The block copolymers are composed of a hydrophobic poly(2-oxazoline) block and a hydrophi

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Maruyama, Atsushi, Long Liang Wu, Naohiko Shimada, and Arihiro Kano. "Kinetic Effect of Cationic Comb-Type Copolymers on DNA Hybridization." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1355.

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We have been interested in the soluble interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) between DNA and the cationic comb-type copolymers, poly(L-lysine)-graft-dextran (PLL-g-Dex), consisting of a polylysine backbone and abundant hydrophilic graft chains of dextran as a model of nucleic acid-binding proteins. In this paper, we described the kinetic effect of the copolymers on the DNA hybridization. We found that the cationic copolymer at nano molar concentrations in cationic groups accelerated DNA duplex formation by two orders under physiologically relevant conditions.

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Panzarini, Luz Consuelo Gonzalez Alonso, Andreia de Araújo Morandim-Giannetti, and Selma Matheus Loureiro Guedes. "Manufacture of non-thrombogenic polymer surfaces by gamma irradiation to induce simultaneous grafting and heparinization of thin PVC films." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 36, no. 4 (July 2021): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08839115211030634.

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Investigations regarding alternative methods for producing polymeric materials with hydrophilic properties have increased considerably. In this context, polymeric biomaterials with hemocompatible surface properties have been successfully obtained by grafting hydrophilic monomers onto commercial polymer films by simultaneous irradiation processes. In this study, simultaneous irradiation and grafting were used to produce a copolymer PVC-co-DMAEMA-co-heparin with hemocompatible surface properties. Characterization by FTIR of the graft copolymer indicates that the increase in monomer grafting leve

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Obshitser, Arthur S., Telman A. Bayburdov, and Sergei L. Shmakov. "Free-radical graft copolymerization acrylamide, 2-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic onto chitosan." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 23, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-1-18-27.

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The method presents obtaining hydrosoluble graft copolymer of complicated structure based on сhitosan, acrylamide (AM), sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic (АМPS-Na) in order to obtain flocсulant which is resistant to salt of transition metals and heat temperature, and in order to use it as a reagent for oil production processes. The obvious advantages of this copolymer can be attributed to its biodegradation due to inclusion of a biopolymer into the composition of the copolymer, which is important for the preservation of ecology, and efficiency of its synthetic analogues. The graft c

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Xin, Ting-Ting, Tongqi Yuan, Shu Xiao, and Jing He. "Synthesis of cellulose-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) via homogeneous ATRP." BioResources 6, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 2941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.2941-2953.

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Cellulose-graft-poly(methylmethacrylate) (cellulose-g-PMMA) copolymers were prepared by homogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) under mild conditions, in an attempt to develop an efficient way to modify the surface of cellulose. A cellulose macro-initiator was successfully synthesized by direct homogeneous acylation of cellulose with 2-bromopropionyl bromide in a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl). Copolymers were obtained via ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with CuBr/penta-methyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst and N,

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Zhu, Jiang, та Xiu Li Wang. "Green Synthesis of Poly(ρ-Dioxanone)-Modified Cellulose by Lipase-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization in Ionic Liquid". Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (жовтень 2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.100.

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A new cellulose graft copolymer was synthesized by the lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ρ-dioxanone (PDO) onto cellulose in 1-N-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The obtained copolymers exhibited the different thermal stability by TGA after the graft copolymerization. The reaction media applied can be easily recycled and reused.

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Stejskal, Jaroslav, Pavel Kratochvil, and Aubrey D. Jenkins. "Graft copolymer statistics. 2. Application to graft copolymers prepared from macromonomers." Macromolecules 20, no. 1 (January 1987): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00167a031.

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Negim, El-Sayed, A. M. Konysbay, G. Irmukhametova, and S. N. Kalugin. "Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene glycol-graft-styrene." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 318, no. 3 (September 12, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.23.

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Grafting polymerization based on polypropylene glycol (PPG) and styrene (St) was synthesized with different composition of styrene using the free radical technique in the presence of potassium persulphate as an initiator. The grafted copolymers (PPG-g-St) used different styrene composition (65/15, 65/25, 65/35), respectively. The grafted copolymers were investigated through FTIR (Fourier-transform spectroscopy), Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. FTIR showed new peaks at 1450 cm-1 and 1135 cm-1 due to the grafting process of St on PPG. Thermal stability of grafte

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Lee, Young Hee, Jung Soo Kim, and Han Do Kim. "A Study of Biodegradable Superabsorbent Materials Based on Acrylonitrile Grafted Sodium Alginate." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.450.

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Biodegradable superabsorbents, hydrolyzed AN(acrylonitrile)-grafted-SA(sodium alginate) copolymers were prepared in this study by graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile on sodium alginate and the subsequent hydrolysis of the resulting grafted copolymer. The absorbency was found to significantly depend on the % add-on, graft copolymerization conditions and hydrolysis conditions. The optimum condition for graft copolymerization to obtain the maximum % add-on (64.5%) was 4g SA, 12g AN, and 8.42g H2O2 in 100ml water at 70 oC for 10hr., respectively. The optimum hydrolysis conditions for the graft

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Tezuka, Yasuyuki, Akitoshi Araki, and Tomoo Shiomi. "Surface formation and environmental responses on polyurethane-polystyrene graft copolymers." High Performance Polymers 7, no. 3 (June 1995): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/7/3/005.

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The surfaces of polyurethane (PU)-polystyrene (PS) graft copolymers having a defined content of uniform-size polystyrene graft segments were studied in both dry and wet states. XPS inspection of PU-PS graft copolymer film samples indicated the enrichment of the PS component at the surface in the dry state. The sample films were then immersed in water, and the environmental response at the surface was examined by means of a contact angle measurement using a CCI4 in water technique. The contact angle underwent a slow, but measurable change from one near to that of the PS homopolymer toward that

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ADELI, MOHSEN, REZA SEPAHVAND, ALI BAHARI, and BANDAR ASTINCHAP. "CARBON NANOTUBE-GRAFT-BLOCK COPOLYMERS CONTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 06 (December 2009): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006365.

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Polycaprolactone-polylactide block copolymers (PCL-block-PLA) were grafted onto filled multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) successfully. In this synthesis, MWCNTs were opened and functionalized, and then they were filled by silver nanoparticles. The filled MWCNT were used as macroinitiator for ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide. Then the end hydroxyl functional groups of MWCNT-graft-PCL or MWCNT-graft-PLA were used as initiator for ring opening polymerization of lactide and ε-caprolactone and MWCNT-graft-PCL-block-PLA or MWCNT-graft-PLA-block-PCL were obtained, respect

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34

Kuznetsova, Yulia L., Ksenya S. Gushchina, Karina S. Lobanova, Victoria O. Chasova, Marfa N. Egorikhina, Alexandra O. Grigoreva, Yulia B. Malysheva, et al. "Scaffold Chemical Model Based on Collagen—Methyl Methacrylate Graft Copolymers." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 8, 2023): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122618.

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Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in aqueous collagen (Col) dispersion was studied in the presence of tributylborane (TBB) and p-quinone: 2,5-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (2,5-DTBQ), p-benzoquinone (BQ), duroquinone (DQ), and p-naphthoquinone (NQ). It was found that this system leads to the formation of a grafted cross-linked copolymer. The inhibitory effect of p-quinone determines the amount of unreacted monomer, homopolymer, and percentage of grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The synthesis combines two approaches to form a grafted copolymer with a cross-linked structure—“gr

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35

Carrero, Maria G., James J. Posada, and Marcos A. Sabino. "Intelligent copolymers based on poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAm with potential use in biomedical applications. Part i: PNIPAm functionalization with 3-butenoic acid and piperazine." International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology - IJAMB 1, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2595-3931/ijamb/2018.v1i1.9.

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The synthesis and characterization of the thermosensitive copolymers based on Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and 3-butenoic acid and functionalized with piperazine was carried out. The free radical polymerization of the PNIPA copolymer with 3-butenoic acid was performed under microwave radiation. After obtaining this copolymer, the carboxyl groups present in the copolymer chain were activated with 1-ethyl- (3-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide, improving its reactivity to incorporate the piperazine through its amino group. The characterization co

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36

Kuznetsova, Yulia L., Karina S. Sustaeva, Alexander V. Mitin, Evgeniy A. Zakharychev, Marfa N. Egorikhina, Victoria O. Chasova, Ekaterina A. Farafontova, Irina I. Kobyakova, and Lyudmila L. Semenycheva. "Graft Polymerization of Acrylamide in an Aqueous Dispersion of Collagen in the Presence of Tributylborane." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 4900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224900.

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Graft copolymers of collagen and polyacrylamide (PAA) were synthesized in a suspension of acetic acid dispersion of fish collagen and acrylamide (AA) in the presence of tributylborane (TBB). The characteristics of the copolymers were determined using infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Differences in synthesis temperature between 25 and 60 °C had no significant effect on either proportion of graft polyacrylamide generated or its molecular weight. However, photomicrographs taken with the aid of a scanning electron microscope showed a breakdown of the fibrillar structu

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37

Wang, Yiqing, James N. Wilson, Mark D. Smith, and Uwe H. F. Bunz. "TEMPO-Substituted PPEs: Polystyrene-PPE Graft Copolymers and Double Graft Copolymers." Macromolecules 37, no. 26 (December 2004): 9701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma048308o.

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38

Kutsevol, Natalia, Mykola Bezuglyi, and Nataliya Melnyk. "Light Scattering and Viscosimetry Study of Star-Like Dextran-Graft-Polyacrylamide." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.04.263.

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Dextran-graft-Polyacrylamide copolymers (D-g-PAA) with a polysaccharide backbone having different molecular weights (Mw = 20 000 and Mw = 70 000) and with various number of PAA-grafts per one Dextran macromolecule have been synthesized. Light scattering and viscometry investigations have shown that the internal structure of D-g-PAA copolymers depends upon the distance between PAA-grafts. Compactness of D20-g-PAA copolymers is lower in comparison with D70-g-PAA samples due to different conformations of PAA grafted chains: a “mushroom” conformation for D70-g-PAA and a “worm-like” one for D20-g-P

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39

Bulychev, N., E. Kisterev, H. Reimann, C. Schaller, and C. D. Eisenbach. "Ultrasonic Treatment Enhanced Surface Modification of Titanium Oxide by Tailor-Made Surface-Active Polymers." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 11, no. 2 (April 6, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj305.

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The surface modification of titanium dioxide in aqueous dispersions of specially tailor-made periodic acrylic acid/isobutylene copolymers, poly(acrylic acid)/polystyrene graft copolymers, and hydrophobically modified polyethyleneoxide urethane (HEUR) by ultrasonic treatment was studied. The pigment surface modification by the above copolymers was comparatively investigated regarding conventional adsorption as contrasted to an ultrasonic treatment assisted procedure. The course and efficiency of the polymer adsorpption onto the pigment surface was quantified by electrokinetic sonic amplitude me

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Safakas, Konstantinos, Sofia-Falia Saravanou, Zacharoula Iatridi, and Constantinos Tsitsilianis. "Thermo-Responsive Injectable Hydrogels Formed by Self-Assembly of Alginate-Based Heterograft Copolymers." Gels 9, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9030236.

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Polysaccharide-based graft copolymers bearing thermo-responsive grafting chains, exhibiting LCST, have been designed to afford thermo-responsive injectable hydrogels. The good performance of the hydrogel requires control of the critical gelation temperature, Tgel. In the present article, we wish to show an alternative method to tune Tgel using an alginate-based thermo-responsive gelator bearing two kinds of grafting chains (heterograft copolymer topology) of P(NIPAM86-co-NtBAM14) random copolymers and pure PNIPAM, differing in their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) about 10 °C. Inter

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41

Lv, Sheng Hua, Yan Fen Ma, Rui Gong, Xiao Liang Yan, and Ming Ming Hou. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Starch and 4-Phenolsuflonate Graft Copolymer with HRP Catalysis." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.837.

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Degraded starch was reacted with 4-phenolsuflonate (PHS) in water in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyst/H2O2/acetylacetone (ACAC) to give starch and PHS graft copolymers. The structure and properties of the graft copolymer are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The retanned leather exhibits excellent increased thickness and softness, good dyeing ability and eligible mechanical properties.

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42

Myrzakhanov, M. M., El-Sayed Negim, Mohammad Nasir, and K. M. Azzam. "Synthesis and application of nonionic graft copolymers P(mPEG-g-MMA)." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 1, no. 324 (September 6, 2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.09.

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The goal of this research is to prepare novel amphiphilic graft copolymers (nonionic) based on hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) and hydrophobic methyl methacrylate (MMA) at room temperature and pressure. To generate P(mPEG-g-MMA) grafts, poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) was synthesized and grafted with varied ratios of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the existence of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator utilizing a macro-free radical initiator procedure under the effect of heating in toluene. The research discussed in this paper looked at the possibility of using the s

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43

Kumar, Deepak. "IMPROVE THE NATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDES BY GRAFTING THROUGH THE GAMMA RADIATION: A REVIEW." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.235.

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Polysaccharides are bio-degradable, inexpensive and easily available from consistent agricultural resources. Polysaccharides and their derivatives represent a group of polymer widely used in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. The biodegradability of natural polymers reduces their shelf life. Grafting copolymerization technique is a most effective fascinating way for chemical modification of native characteristics of polysaccharides with maximum possibilities for improving the properties of polysaccharides and enhanced the range of exploitation.While the major difficulty facing us during syn

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Quynh, Tran Minh, Masaru Yoneyama, Yasuyuki Maki, Naotsugu Nagasawa, and Toshiaki Dobashi. "Thermosensitive Micelles Composed of Poly(lactide)-g-Poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA) Graft Copolymers." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.51.

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Different poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymers (P(NIPAM-co-HEMA)) were synthesized from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) comonomers by both radical and radiation polymerizations for comparison. PLLA-g-P(NIPAM-co-HEMA) graft copolymers were synthesized from L-lactide and respective P(NIPAM-co-HEMA) copolymers by ring opening polymerization. Both NMR and FTIR analyses demonstrated the PLLA chains have been grafted on to the P(NIPAM-co-HEMA) backbone. These graft copolymers revealed the cloud point temperature higher than that of PNI

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Nazzal, A. I., and G. B. Street. "Pyrrole–styrene graft copolymers." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 6 (1985): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39850000375.

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Theryo, Grayce, Feng Jing, Louis M. Pitet, and Marc A. Hillmyer. "Tough Polylactide Graft Copolymers." Macromolecules 43, no. 18 (September 28, 2010): 7394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma101155p.

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47

Yu, Yitao, Jing Wang та Xu Wang. "Synthesis and properties of polysiloxane graft waterborne polyurethane modified with α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane". Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, № 6 (1 вересня 2013): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0050.

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Abstract In this study, α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane was used to prepare waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymer dispersions. α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane was synthesized via hydroxyl protection, alkylation, anionic ring-opening polymerization, hydrosilylation, and deprotection. Waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymers were prepared by the reaction of poly propylene glycol (PPG), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-but

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48

Hazer, Baki. "Graft Copolymers by Free Radical Coupling Reactions. I. Polystyrene-Polybutadiene Graft Copolymers." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601329508020317.

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49

Sun, Dachuan, and Yang Song. "Influences of the Periodicity in Molecular Architecture on the Phase Diagrams and Microphase Transitions of the Janus Double-Brush Copolymer with a Loose Graft." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142847.

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The backbone of the Janus double-brush copolymer may break during long-term service, but whether this breakage affects the self-assembled phase state and microphase transitions of the material is still unknown. For the Janus double-brush copolymers with a periodicity in molecular architecture ranging from 1 to 10, the influences of the architectural periodicity on their phase diagrams and order–disorder transitions (ODT) were investigated by the self-consistent mean field theory (SCFT). In total, nine microphases with long-range order were found. By comparing the phase diagrams between copolym

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Koňák, Čestmír, Zdeněk Tuzar, Pavla Kopečková, Joseph D. Andrade та Jindřich Kopeček. "Association of Graft Copolymers of Alkyl Methacrylates with α-Methyl-ω-hydroxy-poly(oxyethylene) ethacrylates". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, № 11 (1995): 1971–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951971.

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Solution properties of the statistical copolymers of alkyl methacrylates (AMA) with α-methyl-ω-hydroxy-poly(oxyethylene) methacrylates (MPOEMA) (nonionic polysoaps) were studied using static and dynamic ligh scattering as a function of monomer composition and concentration in aqueous and methyl cellosolve solutions. The solubility of the copolymers in water was found to be dependent on molar contant of AMA. While copolymers with low content of hexyl methacrylate (HMA) (0 and 20 mole %) were directly soluble in water, forming true solutions with a low content of large swollen aggregates, copoly

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