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Relevant bibliographies by topics / " Grafting from "

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Academic literature on the topic '" Grafting from "'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "" Grafting from ""

1

Zhang, Qingxin, Kimiyoshi Naito, Yoshihisa Tanaka, and Yutaka Kagawa. "Grafting Polyimides from Nanodiamonds." Macromolecules 41, no. 3 (2008): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma702268x.

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Larnaudie, Sophie C., Johannes C. Brendel, Katrina A. Jolliffe, and Sébastien Perrier. "Cyclic peptide-polymer conjugates: Grafting-to vs grafting-from." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 54, no. 7 (2015): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27937.

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Mahmoodian, Hossein, Omid Moradi, and Behnam Shariatzadeh. "Grafting chitosan and polyHEMA on carbon nanotubes surfaces: “Grafting to” and “Grafting from” methods." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 63 (February 2014): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.030.

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Duman, E., and U. Serdar. "Research on shortening the nursery period in grafted chestnut." Horticultural Science 33, No. 1 (2011): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3735-hortsci.

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The&nbsp;objective of this study was to determine the effects of inverted radicle and hypocotyl grafting methods on potted nursery tree production in chestnut. The study was carried out in greenhouse conditions in 2003&ndash;2004. Newly germinated chestnut seeds and young seedlings of SA 5-1 genotype were used as rootstocks and sprouts with dormant buds of the same genotype were used as scions. Graftings were done at three periods from April to June. Graft success and scion shoot growth were examined to determine a suitable method and time of grafting. It was found in the study that potted chestnut nursery trees could be produced in one year using either of the grafting methods. Better graft success and survival ratio were obtained from inverted radicle grafting. In this method, graft success was 83.6% in 2003 and 96.7% in 2004. &nbsp;

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Hansson, Susanne, Vanessa Trouillet, Thomas Tischer, et al. "Grafting Efficiency of Synthetic Polymers onto Biomaterials: A Comparative Study of Grafting-from versus Grafting-to." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 1 (2012): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm3013132.

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Berger, Sebastian, Alla Synytska, Leonid Ionov, Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn, and Manfred Stamm. "Stimuli-Responsive Bicomponent Polymer Janus Particles by “Grafting from”/“Grafting to” Approaches." Macromolecules 41, no. 24 (2008): 9669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma802089h.

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Pranowo, Dibyo, and Edi Wardiana. "Kompatibilitas Lima Klon Unggul Kakao Sebagai Batang Atas dengan Batang Bawah Progeni Half-Sib Klon Sulawesi 01." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 3, no. 1 (2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2016.p29-36.

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<em>Grafting is the most common cocoa propagation technique applied by farmers. One of the factors that determine the grafting success in cacao is the compatibility level between the scion and rootstock. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the grafting compatibility of half-sib family of Sulawesi 01 clone as rootstock with five superior cacao clones i.e. Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 02, Sca 6, MCC 01, and MCC 02 as scions. The research was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, West Java, at the altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol type of soil and B type of climate (Schmidt &amp; Fergusson), from April to September 2015. This research used the randomized completely block design with five treatments of grafting combinations and five replications. Observation was taken at 14<sup>th</sup>, 21<sup>st</sup>, and 28<sup>th</sup> days after grafting on the total percentage of surviving graftings, percentage of sprouting grafting, percentage of grafting that have not sprouted, and bud sprouting rates. Data were analyzed by variance, correlation, and regression analysis. The results showed that the surviving grafting, the sprouting grafting and the rate of sprouting up to the 28<sup>th</sup> days after grafting varied among the scions. Based on the parameters observed, Sulawesi 01, Sulawesi 2, and Sca 6 demonstrated higher compatibility rate compared to </em><em>MCC 01</em> and <em>MCC 02</em>. <em>The results is applicable in seedling provision through grafting techniques in order to support cacao rejuvenation and or rehabilitation.</em>

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Towill, Leigh E., John W. Waddell, and Philip L. Forsline. "EVALUATION OF ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE FROM CRYOPRESERVED APPLE BUDS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 658a—658. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.658a.

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Three years ago we established a long-term cryogenic storage project for apple germplasm and utilized grafting of buds obtained from stored dormant shoot sections as the major viability assay. Grafting, however, is time consuming and requires considerable skill. Electrolyte leakage and oxidative browning tests were used as alternative viability assays. Using leakage from individual buds in a multiwell analyzer, we examined modifications of the electrolyte leakage test and analyzed the kinetics of leakage in an attempt to determine whether the test can predict grafting success. The results suggest that more buds were viable than were estimated by the grafting test. In vitro culture is being examined to test this and to determine if practical recovery is feasible for diversity within the germplasm collection.

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Singh, Rita, Lanka Mahesh, and Sagrika Shukla. "Infections Resulting from Bone Grafting Biomaterials." International Journal of Oral Implantology & Clinical Research 4, no. 2 (2013): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10012-1095.

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10

Alt, Volker, Akbar Nawab, and David Seligson. "Bone Grafting from the Proximal Tibia." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 47, no. 3 (1999): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199909000-00023.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "" Grafting from ""

1

Chen, Xiao Hua. "Patterning etch masks via the "Grafting-from polymerization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30768.

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2

Cuoq, Fabrice. "Fonctionnalisation d’un nouveau matériau pour le traitement de l’eau potable par floculation lestée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4337.

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Le but de ce projet a été d'améliorer un procédé de clarification développé par VEOLIA Environnement : l'Actiflo®. L'Actfilo® est basé sur l'ajout de microsable lors de l'étape de floculation afin d'augmenter les vitesses de décantation. Toutefois, une importante quantité de polymère est continuellement ajoutée au procédé, et des résiduels de ce dernier peuvent être rencontrés dans les eaux décantées. Notre travail a été de fonctionnaliser (i.e. greffer) le microsable avec un polymère floculant afin de pouvoir recycler en continu le matériau hybride par hydrocyclonage. La fonctionnalisation par « Grafting Onto » a consisté à greffer un polymère floculant commercial sur le microsable alors que la fonctionnalisation par « Grafting From » a consisté à faire croître un polymère floculant depuis la surface. Les capacités floculantes des microsables ont été testées en essais classiques de coagulation/floculation. Les microsables fonctionnalisés avec un polymère cationique par « Grafting From » ont démontré leur supériorité en conduisant à un abattement en Carbone Organique Dissous (COD) de 25% contre un abattement de 15 % pour le procédé classique ou pour les microsables fonctionnalisés par « Grafting Onto ». Une turbidité légèrement supérieure est toutefois toujours obtenue avec les sables fonctionnalisés par rapport à l'ajout de polymère libre (+ 0,5 NTU). Enfin, des procédés de régénération permettant de réutiliser les microsables ayant servi en coagulation/floculation ont été mis en place, le plus efficace d'entre eux étant un traitement à base d'Acide Oxalique. Ce traitement a permis de régénérer les propriétés floculantes du sable sur deux cycles<br>The purpose of this project was to improve a clarification process developed by VEOLIA Environment: The Actiflo®. The Actfilo® is based on adding microsand in the flocculation stage in order to increase the speed of sedimentation. However, a significant amount of polymeric flocculant is continuously added to the process, and residuals can be found in the decanted water. Our work was to graft a polymeric flocculant onto microsand in order to recycle the full hybrid material through hydrocycloning. Functionalization by "Grafting Onto" was based on grafting a commercial polymer onto microsand whereas “Grafting From” was based on surface-initiated polymerization. Flocculation properties of functionalized microsands were then tested in conventional coagulation/flocculation tests where the effectiveness of the two grafting methods was compared. Cationic functionalized sands, obtained by “Grafting From”, exhibit the best properties as a decrease of Dissolved Organic Carbon of 25% was reached whereas a decrease of 15% was reached by adding free polymer or adding sands from the “Grafting Onto” method. However final turbidity value was always slightly lower for the flocculation that occured when free polymer was added (- 0,5 NTU). Finally, regeneration processes to recycle the functionalized sands were established. The most effective of them being a treatment with Oxalic Acid. This treatment allowed us to regenerate flocculating properties of functionalized sands twice

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Beaugeard, Vincent. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux fonctionnalisés pour application dans un procédé de traitement par flottation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS229.

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Dans le cadre des procédés de clarification d'eau de surface, les flocs formés au cours des étapes de coagulation et de floculation peuvent être séparés de l'eau traitée par décantation ou par flottation. Dans ce dernier cas, le procédé actuellement en vigueur est la flottation à air dissous et présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients. Ainsi, dans ce contexte, la présente thèse consiste à développer un matériau innovant, à la fois flottant et floculant, pour une application dans un procédé de flottation sans air. Dans un premier temps, l'élaboration de billes de polystyrène expansibles utilisant l'eau ou l'éthanol comme agent gonflant a été réalisée. D'autres billes ont ensuite été préparées en présence de 4-(chlorométhyl)styrène comme co-monomère puis la polymérisation par transfert d'atome amorcée en surface (SI-ATRP) de l'acrylamide a été effectuée avec succès. L'impossibilité d'expanser ces matériaux a ensuite conduit à l'exploration de nouvelles voies de synthèse avec la fonctionnalisation de matériaux flottants existants par des techniques de « grafting from » ou « grafting onto ». Quelle que soit la voie envisagée, la première étape a consisté à réduire les fonctions nitrile en amine primaire en présence d'hydrure d'aluminium lithium. Après fonctionnalisation par du bromure de bromoisobutyryle ou du chlorure d'acryloyle, il a été possible de venir greffer de l'acrylamide par SI-ATRP ou de l'amidon via un amorceur redox, respectivement. Les matériaux flottants/floculants obtenus ont été testés lors de flottatests. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus avec les microsphères fonctionnalisées par de l'amidon anionique. Ces dernières ont permis d'abattre la turbidité de l'eau, ont ensuite été régénérées avec succès, par des bains d'acide oxalique ou de dithionite de sodium, et employées durant plusieurs cycles flottatest/régénération avec des résultats reproductibles<br>At the end of clarification process, after coagulation-flocculation steps, flocs can be removed from treated water by settling or flotation. In the latter case, Dissolved Air Flotation is the currently used process. However, this method showed important drawbacks, especially an important energetic cost due to the production of air saturated water. In that context, the goal of the reported work dealt with achieving air-free flotation using innovative floating materials. First of all, the synthesis of expandable polystyrene beads using water or ethanol as blowing agent was investigated. Other beads containing both styrene and 4-(chloromethyl)styrene were prepared. Then, surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of acrylamide (SI-ATRP) was achieved. Unfortunately, the expansion of such materials was not possible. Therefore, the second part focused on the functionalization of Expancel beads by “grafting from” or “grafting onto” techniques. The first step consisted in reducing some nitrile functions at the surface into primary amine ones. After functionalization with bromoisobutyryl bromide, the SI-ATRP of acrylamide was performed in water at room temperature. On the other hand, the acryloyl chloride was grafted onto amine functions, and grafting of starch was achieved using a redox initiator. All materials obtained have been used for flocculation/flotation tests and demonstrated satisfactory performances in terms of turbidity removal. Beads functionalized with starch have been successfully regenerated with oxalic acid and sodium dithionite and kept appropriate efficiency during several flotation/regeneration cycles

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Nuss, Stefan. "Polymermodifizierung von Metall- und Halbleiternanopartikeln durch ATRP "grafting from"-Polymerisation." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=977228878.

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Kelly, Stuart. "Grafting the sub-terrain: Working from the ground up in Mowbray." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28178.

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The sub-terrain is the foundation for plant growth. Soils are important for biodiversity, supporting animal and plant life above and below the earth's surface. Soil profiles have diverse physical, chemical and biological properties and can assist in reducing pollution by harmful substances through soil absorption properties. The sub-terrain also has the ability to capture and store water to assist in providing water supply. However, soils found within the urban environment have been negatively impacted and altered by human activity resulting in poor structure and depleted properties. Grafting is a horticultural technique used for propagation of similar productive trees, combining one plant portion with another to assist growth of the plant as an integrated whole. The concept of grafting can be applied to soils and reshaping of the sub-terrain. This will be achieved by cutting out the fragments of the current sub-terrain and inserting alternative soil types that consist of varying properties. This cut and fill of the sub-terrain cab be viewed as the equivalent to grafting two similar plant species together. Inserting fragments of improved soil profiles into portions of Mowbray's current sub-terrain has the ability to alter the current nature of the streetscape leading up to and including Mowbray's public transport hub. This rejuvenation of the sub terrain will result in improved soil profile conditions, providing the opportunity to incorporate pockets of various productive trees. Redesigning the soil profiles will result in greater biodiversity, improved ground water storage and an enhanced productive landscape, as well as create an unusual type of landscape and experience, grown from the ground up.

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Wåhlander, Martin. "Controlled Polymer Grafting from Nanoparticles for the Design of Dielectric Nanocomposites." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ytbehandlingsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-204036.

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The interest for polymeric nanocomposites has rapidly grown during the last decades, fuelled by the great potential and superior properties of nanoparticles (NPs). The production volumes of commercial NPs have increased exponentially during the last ten years, and the quality has been significantly improved. The aim of this study was to design polymer grafted commercially available metal-oxide NPs, and graphene oxide (GO), to develop isotropic (homogeneous) and anisotropic (heterogeneous) polymer nanocomposites for dielectric applications. The motivation was to formulate functional insulation materials for compact components in future power-grid systems using high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) or high-voltage alternating-current (HVAC), and to fabricate responsive sensor materials for monitoring e.g. temperature and voltage fluctuations in so called “Smart Grids”. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced GO (rGO) NPs were modified with sparse polymer grafts via a controlled “covalent route” and were mixed with silicone (PDMS) or polyethylene matrices (EBA and LDPE) commonly used in HV-cable systems. The graft length and the graft-to-matrix compatibility were tailored to obtain nanocomposites with various self-assembled NP-morphologies, including well-dispersed, connected and phase-separated structures. The graft length was used to adjust the inter-particle distance of nanocomposites with continuous morphologies or connected (percolated) NPs. It was found that nanocomposites with percolated NPs and short inter-particle distances exhibited 10-100 times higher conductivity than the unfilled (neat) polymer, or displayed a rapid non-linear increase in conductivity (~1 million times) with increasingelectric field, while well-dispersed NPs with long inter-particle distances exhibited 10-100 times lower conductivity (i.e. higher resistivity) as an effect of their trapping of charge carriers. These tunable and functional properties are desirable for HV-insulation, field-grading applications, and flexible electronics. In addition it was shown that GO modified with dense polymer grafts via a “physisorption route” formed suspensions with liquid crystals, or matrix-free GO-composites with well-dispersed GO in isotropic or nematic states. These materials were reinforced by the GO, and exhibited elevated glass transition temperatures and a rapid thermo-responsive shape-memory effect, and are thus proposed to have a great potential as sensor materials and responsive separation membranes.<br>Intresset för polymera nanokompositer har snabbt ökat under de senaste decennierna, drivet av den stora potentialen och de överlägsna egenskaperna hos nanopartiklar (NPs). Produktionsvolymerna för kommersiella NP har ökat exponentiellt under de senaste tio åren, och kvaliteten har förbättrats avsevärt. Syftet med denna studie var att polymer-ympa kommersiellt tillgängliga metalloxid-NPs, och grafenoxid (GO), för att designa isotropa (homogena) och anisotropa (heterogena) polymera nanokompositer för dielektriska tillämpningar. Motiveringen var att formulera funktionella isoleringsmaterial för kompakta komponenter i framtida kraftnätssystem som använder högspänd likström (HVDC) eller högspänd växelström (HVAC), samt att tillverka responsiva sensormaterial för övervakning av t.ex. temperatur- and spänningsvariationer i så kallade "Smart Grids". Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3), zinkoxid (ZnO) och reducerad GO (rGO) NPs modifierades med glesa polymerympar via en kontrollerad "kovalent väg" och blandades med silikon (PDMS) eller polyeten matriser (EBA och LDPE) som är vanliga i HV-kabelsystem. Ymplängden och ymp-till-matrix kompatibiliteten skräddarsyddes för att erhålla nanokompositer med olika självordnande NP-morfologier, inklusive väldispergerade, länkade och fasseparerade strukturer. Ymplängden användes för att justera partikelavståndet i nanokompositer med förbundna morfologier eller länkade NPs. Man fann att nanokompositer med länkade NPs och korta interpartikelavstånd uppvisade 10-100 gånger högre konduktivitet än den ofyllda (rena) polymeren, eller erhöll en snabb icke-linjär ökning i konduktivitet (~1 miljon gånger) med ökande elektriskt fält, medan väldispergerade NPs med långa interpartikelavstånd uppvisade 10-100 gånger lägre ledningsförmåga (dvs. högre resistivitet) som en effekt av deras infångande av laddningsbärare. Dessa inställbara och funktionella egenskaper är önskvärda för HV-isolering, fältstyrande applikationer och flexibel elektronik. Dessutom visades att GO, som modifierats med täta polymerympar via en "fysisorptionsväg", bildade suspensioner med flytande kristaller, eller matrisfria GO-kompositer med väldispergerad GO i isotropa eller nematiska tillstånd. Dessa material armerades av GO och uppvisade förhöjda glastransitionstemperaturer och en snabb värmeresponsiv form-minneseffekt, och föreslås därigenom ha en stor potential som sensor-material och responsiva separationsmembran.<br><p>QC 20170323</p>

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Lönnberg, Hanna. "Ring-opening polymerization from cellulose for biocomposite applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ytbehandlingsteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10455.

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There is an emerging interest in the development of sustainable materials with high performance. Cellulose is promising in this regard as it is a renewablere source with high specific properties, which can be utilized as strong reinforcements in novel biocomposites. However, to fully exploit the potential ofcellulose, its inherent hydrophilic character has to be modified in order toimprove the compatibility and interfacial adhesion with the more hydrophobicpolymer matrices commonly used in composites.In this study, the grafting of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) from cellulose surfaces, via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide, was investigated. Both macroscopic and nano-sizedcellulose were explored, such as filter paper, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC),MFC-films, and regenerated cellulose spheres. It was found that thehydrophobicity of the cellulose surfaces increased with longer graft lengths, andthat polymer grafting rendered a smoother surface morphology.To improve the grafting efficiency in the ROP from filter paper, both covalent(bis(methylol)propionic acid, bis-MPA) and physical pretreatment (xyloglucanbisMPA)were explored. The highest grafting efficiency was obtained with ROPfrom the bis-MPA modified filter papers, which significantly increased amountof polymer on the surface, i.e. the thickness of the grafted polymer layer.MFC was grafted with PCL to different molecular weights. The dispersability innon-polar solvent was obviously improved for the PCL grafted MFC, incomparison to neat MFC, and the stability of the MFC suspensions was better maintained with longer grafts. PCL based biocomposites were prepared from neat MFC and PCL grafted MFCwith different graft lengths. The polymer grafting improved the mechanical properties of the composites, and the best reinforcing effect was obtained when PCL grafted MFC with the longest grafts were used as reinforcement.A bilayer laminate consisting of PCL and MFC-films grafted with different PCL graft lengths displayed a gradual increase in the interfacial adhesion with increasing graft length.The effect of grafting on the adhesion was also investigated via colloidal probeatomic force microscopy at different temperatures and time in contact. A significant improvement in the adhesion was observed after polymer grafting.<br>QC 20100730

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Labet, Marianne. "Grafting ε-caprolactone from the surface of polysaccharide nanocrystals : towards the preparation of nanocomposites from nature". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582573.

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The objective of the work reported in this manuscript was to contribute to the reduction of the amount of non-biodegradable waste. The approach chosen was the possibility to add value to the biomass while making fully biodegradable nanocomposites from polysaccharide nanocrystals and biodegradable polymers. This was achieved by initiating polymer chains from the surface of polysaccharide nanocrystals. The first part of this manuscript, encompassing chapters 1 & 2, deals with the state of the art of polysaccharide-based materials. In chapter 1, composite materials are defined, polysaccharides of interest introduced and polysaccharide-based composites described. In chapter 2, the attention is brought to the case of polysaccharides/polycaprolactone composites and a detailed description of their preparation is given. The second part, regrouping chapters 3 & 4, summarizes the experimental aspect of the work carried out. Materials, equipment, methods and characterization techniques are described. The third part of this thesis describes the work that was done on starch nanocrystals. It embraces chapters 5 to 7. In Chapter 5, starch nanocrystals are presented. Chapter 6 details the results obtained when metal-based compounds are used as a catalyst for the SI- ROP of s-caprolactone from starch nanocrystals. Chapter 7 demonstrates that organic acids are better catalysts for this reaction. The fourth and final part of the manuscript, including chapters 8 to 10, describes the results obtained with cotton nanocrystals as a substrate. Chapter 8 gives details about the unmodified cotton nanocrystals and explains how cotton-g-PCL nanocrystals should theoretically look. Chapter 9 demonstrates that a purification stage is necessary to remove all adsorbed impurities at the surface of freshly prepared nanocrystals. Chapter 10 deals with the optimization of the SI-ROP of s-caprolactone from cotton nanocrystals when citric acid is used as a catalyst and characterizes a range of cotton-g-PCL samples with various amounts of PCL.

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McGinty, Kathryn Mary. "Surface Modification of Poly(vinyl chloride) by Physisorbed Free Radical Initiation for Reduced Plasticizer Migration and Antimicrobial Properties." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1226615844.

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Glogowski, Elizabeth M. "Nanoparticle functionalization and grafting-from chemistry for controlling surface properties and nanocomposite behavior." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3349701/.

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Books on the topic "" Grafting from ""

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Coe, John Clark. Gladys Grafton Eames: A memoir : with a lexicon from Gladys. J.C. Coe, 2000.

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Johnson, Carole D. Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Johnson, Carole D. Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake Area, Grafton County, New Hampshire. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substance Hydrology Program, 1998.

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District, United States Army Corps of Engineers Chicago. Charts of the Illinois waterway: From Mississippi River at Grafton, Illinois to Lake Michigan at Chicago and Calumet harbors. U.S. Army Engineer District, Corps of Engineers, 1987.

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Rosenfeld, Richard. The Gardener's Guide to Propagation: Step-by-step instructions for creating plants for free, from propagating seeds and cuttings to dividing, layering and grafting. Lorenz Books, 2011.

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Chaloner, E. Combined vascular and orthopaedic injuries. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012009.

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♦ Early diagnosis of an arterial injury is critical in reducing the risk of limb loss♦ Don’t assume that missing pulses are due to arterial ‘spasm’♦ Don’t assume that presence of distal pulses rules out a proximal vascular injury – arterial intimal tears can occlude the vessel many hours after the initial injury♦ After an arterial repair has been completed there is still a risk of subsequent compartment syndrome from reperfusion♦ Arterial shunts can procure some time for skeletal fixation prior to definitive arterial repair or grafting.

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Pisapia, Jared M., Zarina S. Ali, Gregory G. Heuer, and Eric L. Zager. Adult Upper Trunk Brachial Plexus Injury. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0022.

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This chapter takes a case-based approach to the diagnosis and management of adult brachial plexus injury involving the upper trunk. The clinical presentation and differential diagnosis associated with this injury pattern are reviewed, as well as the findings of electrodiagnostic and imaging studies. Preoperative considerations include the timing from initial injury and the difference between pre- and postganglionic injury. Options for nerve reconstruction include nerve grafting, nerve transfer, or a combination of both. The options are compared, and a detailed description of each surgical procedure is provided, along with related complications, alternative repair strategies, and outcomes.

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Masrani, Abdulrahman, and Bulent Arslan. In Vivo Fenestration During Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0008.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysms have been managed endovascularly during the past 10–15 years. The main limitations in the ability to treat patients endovascularly are anatomical constraints. The most important factors are aortic neck and iliofemoral access anatomy. This chapter describes a technique to overcome a short neck with a renal artery originating from the aneurysm that does not allow enough proximal landing zone for stent grafting. Several techniques have been developed to overcome this obstacle, including custom-made grafts with fenestrations, back table fenestration, and parallel graft placement. This chapter discusses the in vivo graft fenestration technique to preserve the renal artery lumen during the endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

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Calder, Peter. Chronic long bone osteomyelitis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.011001.

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Pathological features of chronic osteomyelitis♦ Necrotic bone♦ Compromised soft tissues with reduction in vascularity♦ Ineffective host response♦ Sequestrum formation♦ New bone formation from viable periosteum and endosteum♦ Formation of involucrum:Treatment principles in chronic osteomyelitis♦ Surgical debridement – remove all devitalized necrotic tissue♦ Dead space management:• Soft tissue defect – avoid healing by secondary intention. Consider local and free flaps• Bone defects – small structural with autologous bone graft, consider Papineau ‘open bone grafting’ where free tissue transfer is not an option, distraction osteogenesis with bifocal and bone transport for large defects including fibula transfer♦ Bone stability – movement needs to be eliminated♦ Antibiotic therapy – based on culture and sensitivity, local administration with PMMA beads or collagen sponge, Lautenbach procedure in resistant cases.

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Taggart, David, and Yasir Abu-Omar. Heart surgery. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0098.

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Cardiac surgery is still a relatively young specialty, having been developed only in the latter half of the twentieth century with the introduction of extracorporeal circulation or ‘cardiopulmonary bypass’ (CPB). This initiated the era of open heart surgery, initially allowing the repair of congenital heart defects, then valve replacements, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and, finally, heart transplantation. Over the last two decades, improvements in medical, anaesthetic, and surgical management of patients, allied to refinements in extracorporeal perfusion technology, have resulted in a decreasing mortality and morbidity from heart surgery despite the advanced age and significant comorbidity of many patients. Today, heart surgery continues to improve the prognosis and quality of lives of patients around the world. Surgical techniques and technologies continue to evolve and recent years have witnessed the emergence of, amongst others, the use of long-lasting conduits for CABG procedures, beating-heart (‘off-pump’) surgery, the use of minimally invasive and robotic techniques, and long-term mechanical circulatory support.

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Book chapters on the topic "" Grafting from ""

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Minko, Sergiy. "Grafting on Solid Surfaces: “Grafting to” and “Grafting from” Methods." In Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73865-7_11.

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Liu, Yong, Viktor Klep, and Igor Luzinov. "Segregated Polymer Brushes via "Grafting to" and ATRP "Grafting from" Chain Anchoring." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1023.ch015.

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Hoffer, B., P. Bickford-Wimer, M. Eriksdotter-Nilsson, et al. "Age-Related Changes in Rat Hippocampal Noradrenergic Transmission: Insights from In Oculo Transplants." In Neuronal Grafting and Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48369-1_12.

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Collier, T. J., and J. R. Sladek. "Can Fetal Cell Grafts be Expected to Ameliorate Symptoms of Human Neurodegenerative Disorders? Evidence from Animal Models." In Neuronal Grafting and Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48369-1_11.

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Mao, Zhengwei, Weijun Tong, Tanchen Ren, Wenbo Zhang, Sai Wu, and Changyou Gao. "Making Polymeric Nanofilms (Grafting-to, Grafting-from, Spin Coating, Layer-by-Layer, Plasma Polymerization)." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_361.

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Mao, Zhengwei, Weijun Tong, Tanchen Ren, Wenbo Zhang, Sai Wu, and Changyou Gao. "Making Polymeric Nanofilms (Grafting-to, Grafting-from, Spin Coating, Layer-by-Layer, Plasma Polymerization)." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_361-1.

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König, N., N. Rajaofetra, M. J. Drian, et al. "Serotonin-Expressing Cells from Different Microregions of the Embryonic Rat Rhombencephalon: Behaviour in Cell Culture and in Transplants to the Adult Spinal Cord." In Neuronal Grafting and Alzheimer’s Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48369-1_14.

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Bao, Zhiyi, Ying Zheng, Gregory L. Baker, and Merlin L. Bruening. "Preparation of Polymer Brushes Using “Grafting-From” Techniques." In Functional Polymer Films. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527638482.ch7.

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Gao*, Chao, Zheng Liu, Liang Kou, and Xiaoli Zhao. "Chapter 5. Polymer-grafted Carbon Nanotubes via “Grafting From” Approach." In Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849736817-00120.

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Serra-Mestre, José M., and José M. Serra-Renom. "Variants of Fat Grafting: From Structural Fat Grafting to Microfat, Sharp-Needle Intradermal Fat (SNIF), Nanofat, Emulsion, SNIE, FAMI, and SEEFI." In Regenerative Medicine Procedures for Aesthetic Physicians. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15458-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "" Grafting from ""

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Chiarcos, Riccardo, Diego Antonioli, Valentina Gianotti, et al. "From grafting to to grafting from." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5046029.

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Sousa, Paulo Roberto Moura de, Mauricio de Aquino Resende, Ailton Joioso, Raimundo Jovita Araujo Bonfim, and Carlos Eduardo Witoslawski Breda. "FAT GRAFTING AFTER RADIOTHERAPY AND BREAST IMPLANT." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2095.

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This is a case report of reconstruction of the right breast and aesthetic improvement of the left breast, in a 52-year-old smoker woman, with bilateral breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, modified radical mastectomy on the right, quadrantectomy with left, lymphadenectomy, and radiotherapy (RT). She sought the Amaral Carvalho Hospital for reconstructive surgery after 6 years of treatment. She underwent fat grafting (FG) with 237 mL on the right breast and 90 mL on the left breast and correction of the left areola. After 6 months, a retromuscular tissue expander was placed on the right, and remodeling of the breast and correction of the surgical scar are done on the left. After 8 months of achieving expansion with 350 mL of saline solution, the tissue expander was replaced by a wide base anatomical prosthesis with 485 mL and a 225 mL nonanatomical round prosthesis additive to the left. RT makes breast reconstruction difficult, as it gives better results with myocutaneous flaps. FG has a regenerative effect on irradiated tissues. Historically, reconstruction with autologous tissue is preferable to reconstruction with implantation in patients irradiated after mastectomy, as it presents less reoperation (16.6% vs. 37.0%, p<0.0001), total complications (30.9% vs. 41.3%, p <0.0001), and reconstructive failure (1.6% vs. 16.8%, p<0.0001). Radiodermite affects more than 90% of patients treated with RT. The dermis is affected with an increase in fibrosis, reduction in the number of capillaries, and irregular distribution. FG is able to reverse these changes. FG improves the characteristics of irradiated tissue, restores elasticity, and allows breast reconstruction with an implant without a myocutaneous flap.

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Al-Malaika, S., S. Riasat, and C. Lewucha. "Grafting functional antioxidants on highly crosslinked polyethylene." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949576.

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Yang Li, Xiaoming Tao, and Jianhua Lu. "Network grafting: Transferring learned features from trained neural networks." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Cybernetics (CyberneticsCom). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyberneticscom.2012.6381613.

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Chiarcos, Riccardo, Diego Antonioli, Valentina Gianotti, et al. "Deterministic doping via self-limited grafting of phosphorus end-terminated polymers." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5046027.

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Schiffer, M., E. Carls, G. D. Dürr, et al. "Grafting of Connexin43 (Cx43) Overexpressing Cardiac Fibroblasts Protects from Postinfarct Arrhythmia." In 49th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705379.

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Naito, S., T. J. Demal, Y. Schneeberger, et al. "Impact of Aortic Manipulation on High Perioperative Cerebral Stroke Risk Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Results from the E-CABG (European Multicenter Study on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting)." In 50th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725629.

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Gomez-Vilda, P., V. Nieto-Lluis, A. Alvarez-Marquina, et al. "Pattern Matching of Voice Quality Features from Vocal-Fold Paralysis Patients Treated with Stem-Cell Grafting." In International Conference on Pattern Recognition Systems (ICPRS-16). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2016.0035.

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Vivanco, Juan, Josh Slane, and Heidi Ploeg. "Nano-Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic Bone Scaffolds Fabricated at Three Sintering Temperatures." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53734.

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Bone grafting is an exceptionally common procedure used to repair bone defects within orthopaedics, craniofacial surgery and dentistry. It is estimated that 2.2 million grafting procedures are performed annually worldwide [1] and maintain a market share of $7 billion in the United States alone [2]. There has been a considerable rise in the interest of using bioactive ceramic materials, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), to serve as synthetic replacements for autogenous bone grafts, which suffer from donor site morbidity and limited supply [3]. These ceramic materials (which can be formed into three-dimensional scaffolds) are advantageous due to their inherent biocompatibility, osteoconductivy, osteogenecity and osteointegrity [2].

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Schäfer, A., L. Conradi, Y. Schneeberger, et al. "Complete versus Incomplete Revascularization and Influence of Postoperative Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Results from the TiCAB Study." In 49th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1705400.

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Reports on the topic "" Grafting from ""

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Hrkach, Jeff, Karan Ruehl, and K. Matyiaszewski. Grafting of Living Polymers from Activated Polysilanes. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196645.

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Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof, and Jeffrey S. Hrkach. Epoxides as Activators for Grafting of Poly(Tetrahydrofuran) from Poly(Methylphenylsilylene). Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251086.

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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, et al. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.

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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.

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Flaishman, Moshe, Herb Aldwinckle, Shulamit Manulis, and Mickael Malnoy. Efficient screening of antibacterial genes by juvenile phase free technology for developing resistance to fire blight in pear and apple trees. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613881.bard.

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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: Produce juvenile-free pear and apple plants and examine their sensitivity to E. amylovora; Design novel vectors, for antibacterial proteins and promoters expression, combined with the antisense TFL1 gene, and transformation of Spadona pear in Israel and Galaxy apple in USA. The original objectives were revised from the development of novel vectors with antibacterial proteins combined with the TFL-1 due to the inefficiency of alternative markes initially evaluated in pear, phoshomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase and the lack of development of double selection system. The objectives of project were revised to focus primarily on the development additional juvenile free systems by the use of another pear variety and manipulation of the FT gene under the control of several promoters. Based on the results creation of fire blight resistance pear variety was developed by the use of the juvenile free transgenic plant. Background: Young tree seedlings are unable to initiate reproductive organs and require a long period of shoot maturation, known as juvenile phase. In pear, juvenile period can last 5-7 years and it causes a major delay in breeding programs. We isolated the TFL1 gene from Spadona pear (PcTFL1-1) and produced transgenic ‘Spadona’ trees silencing the PcTFL1 gene using a RNAi approach. Transgenic tissue culture ‘Spadona’ pear flowered in vitro. As expected, the expression of the endogenous PcTFL1 was suppressed in the transgenic line that showed precocious flowering. Transgenic plants were successfully rooted in the greenhouse and most of the plants flowered after only 4-8 months, whereas the non-transformed control plants have flowered only after 5-6 years of development. Major achievements: Prior to flower induction, transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ plants developed a few branches and leaves. Flower production in the small trees suppressed the development of the vegetative branches, thus resulting in compact flowering trees. Flowering was initiated in terminal buds, as described for the Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant. Propagation of the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ was performed by bud grafting on 'Betulifolia' rootstock and resulted in compact flowering trees. The transgenic flowering grafted plants were grown in the greenhouse under a long photoperiod for one year, and flowered continuously. Pollination of the transgenic flowers with ‘Costia‘ pear pollen generated fruits of regular shape with fertile F1 seeds. The F1 transgenic seedling grown in the greenhouse formed shoots and produced terminal flowers only five months after germination. In addition, grafted F1 transgenic buds flower and fruit continuously, generating hybrid fruits with regular shape, color and taste. Several pear varieties were pollinated with the transgenic TFL1-RNAi ‘Spadona’ pollen including `Herald Harw` that was reported to have resistance to fire blight diseases. The F-1 hybrid seedlings currently grow in our greenhouse. We conclude that the juvenile-free transgenic ‘Spadona’ pear enables the development of a fast breeding method in pear that will enable us to generate a resistance pear to fire blight. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the use of transgenic juvenile free technology in pear. The use of the juvenile free technology for enhancement of conventional breeding in fruit tree will serve to enhance fast breeding systems in pear and another fruit trees.

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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao, and Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.

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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.

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Lithology and fracture characterization from drilling investigations in the Mirror Lake area, Grafton County, New Hampshire. US Geological Survey, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri984183.

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